EP2411548A1 - Method for producing partially hardened steel components - Google Patents
Method for producing partially hardened steel componentsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2411548A1 EP2411548A1 EP10711386A EP10711386A EP2411548A1 EP 2411548 A1 EP2411548 A1 EP 2411548A1 EP 10711386 A EP10711386 A EP 10711386A EP 10711386 A EP10711386 A EP 10711386A EP 2411548 A1 EP2411548 A1 EP 2411548A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- component
- absorption
- absorption mass
- board
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing partially hardened steel components according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a mold component is first heated homogeneously to a temperature which is necessary for curing and then the circuit board in the press tool to the mold component final molded. In the press tool also takes place the required hardening.
- the homogeneously hardened component is then placed on a conveyor and oriented by fixations. On this conveyor, the mold components undergo a heating device in which by an inductor those areas which are to have a higher ductility, in turn brought to a temperature of 600 ° to 800 0 C in a very short time and then cooled so slowly that a renewed Hardening does not take place, but these parts are in turn ductile.
- This method has the disadvantage that it requires several steps and is also energy-intensive.
- a B-pillar for a motor vehicle which consists of a longitudinal profile made of steel, wherein the longitudinal profile of a first longitudinal section with a predominantly martensitic material structure and a strength over 1,400 N / mm 2 and a second longitudinal section higher To have ductility with a predominantly ferritic-pearlitic material structure and a strength below 850 N / mm 2 .
- the molding board is first completely and homogeneously heated to an austenitizing temperature and brought during the transfer or transport of the board in the curing tool by targeted, not too abrupt cooling to a temperature well below the Austenitmaschinestemperatur, so that when hot forming no purely martensitic structure is set.
- the targeted cooling of a board or of a preformed component increases the cycle times and increases and necessitates additional method steps.
- both the attachment of the insulation and the removal of the insulation means additional steps that increase the cycle time and increase the cost of the process.
- EP 0 816 520 B1 discloses a press-hardened article and a method for curing the same.
- This component is intended to include hardened and uncured areas, wherein for curing the component or for curing the profile, an inductor is used, which at least partially heats the component to an austenitizing temperature and the inductor below a cooling device is tracked, for example, with water jet, which for the Hardening necessary rapid cooling makes.
- a cooling device for example, with water jet, which for the Hardening necessary rapid cooling makes.
- an absorption mass is applied during the heating.
- the term "concerns" within the meaning of the invention also includes a small spacing, in particular a spacing of 0.5 to 2 mm between absorption mass and board.
- the absorption mass is a "cold" mass applied to the hot board during the furnace process. This mass extracts energy from the board via the contact surface or through the narrow gap via radiation.
- Heat transfer in the context of the invention comprises heat conduction through the support surface in direct contact with the absorption mass with the board and heat radiation at a small spacing. The mass thus partially absorbs the energy of the board, which is introduced through the furnace. Therefore, in the following, a "cold" applied mass is also referred to as absorption mass. In the invention thus takes place a heat flow from the furnace chamber through the sheet of the component in the absorption mass. Insulation does not take place. According to the invention, the components are not brought partially or only briefly over the Austenitstarttempe- temperature during the heating process.
- the material in these areas is not / only partially converted to austenite and can not be transformed into martensite during the pressing process (press hardening) in these areas.
- the areas that do not convert to martensite due to the previous heat treatment during press hardening have significantly lower strength than the areas that were brought to austenite start temperature during the heat treatment and then cured in the press.
- This partial non-austenitizing is achieved by partially applying the absorption mass to the component at the beginning of the heat treatment (before the component enters the oven).
- the absorption mass is applied to the component and partially replicates the shape of the component.
- this relatively large absorption mass heats up less than the component.
- energy is removed from the component at the support surface by the partial contact with the mass (the energy flow is always from warm to cold).
- the component heats up in these areas much slower and less than in the other areas where the mass is not applied.
- the soft areas can be specifically adjusted by the applied absorption mass. With the same contact surface but different thicknesses of the absorption mass (also over their extent), different strengths can be generated. It is thereby possible to set almost any strength between 500 and 1500 MPa and only by varying the thickness of the absorption mass or of the material used (even over their extent), of which the absorption mass is.
- the strength transition range between Hard and soft material is about 20-50mm, especially 20 to 30 mm.
- air gaps in particular in the edge region may be provided to make the hardness transition even wider.
- the absorption mass always has a correspondingly constant low temperature before it is returned to the oven. This can be realized in the series process in different ways during the return of the furnace carrier.
- a large, exactly adjustable and homogeneous transition range from hard to soft causes z. that the component in the transition region from hard to soft can absorb the occurring stresses homogeneously or cushioning "soft" and thus prevents the component is partially too heavily loaded and possibly tears in the crash and leads to component failure.
- a larger transition area also prevents, with certain component geometries, the component tearing in the area of welding points introduced in the bodyshell.
- heat shields may be provided on the side of the absorption mass opposite the component. These heat shields can be made of different materials, in particular of ceramic or metallic materials.
- the heat absorption of the absorption mass and / or the réelleabcapbleche by the radiation from the furnace chamber can be selectively controlled via appropriately selected emissivities (surface condition, coating, paint). In the absorption mass, the heat absorption can be influenced by the radiation of the board also targeted.
- Figure 1 a board with an attached absorption mass
- Figure 2 the heating curve of the board and the applied absorption mass
- FIG. 3 shows the circuit board after the absorption mass has been removed and a cooling carried out
- Figure 4 schematically an absorption mass, which is placed on a finished molded component
- Figure 5 the illustration of Figure 4 in a partially sectioned view.
- FIG. 6 shows the illustration according to FIG. 4 in a plan view
- Figure 7 the illustration of Figure 6 in a partially sectioned view.
- FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment in which the finished molded component rests on a correspondingly shaped absorption mass
- FIG. 10 shows two heating curves of a component, the temperature being measured in the region of the absorption mass below and in a region without absorption mass.
- an absorption mass is placed on a sheet to be austenitized, for example in the form of a steel square.
- absorption material is any form of heat-resistant metals such as Ampco alloys and steels, especially heat-resistant steels, but also ceramic bodies in question.
- Crucial criteria for usability are the thermal conductivity and the heat capacity.
- the absorption mass in this case has an outer shape or contour, which, if appropriate also matched to the formed part, corresponds to the areas which are to remain softer. In particular, the absorption mass can of course also have a deviating from the simple cuboid shape, complex irregular shape with recesses.
- a heating curve for the board and a heating curve for absorption mass is shown.
- the absorption mass is heated with a considerable delay and while the board in the uncovered area at 720 ° from the oven is taken to press-harden, the absorption mass and thus the underlying sheet has a temperature of below 600 0 C, in which a rapid subsequent cooling does not lead to a cure.
- the board after removing the absorption mass and cooling shows the appearance of Fig. 3, wherein it can be seen that in the area in which the absorption mass was applied, the sheet has a substantially unaltered bright metallic appearance.
- the hardness transition range from the hard region to the soft region below the absorption mass is 20 mm to 50 mm, particularly 20 mm to 30 mm.
- the absorption mass has a shape which is matched to the shape of a finished formed workpiece.
- This finished formed workpiece is then heated for the purpose of curing and cooled after heating in a mold without substantial transformation.
- the heating as shown in Fig. 4, either the absorption mass is applied to the component in the furnace to allow the underlying sheet to exit from the furnace at a lower temperature or, as shown in Fig. 9, the component placed so in that it partially rests on the absorption mass. The effect for warming up is the same.
- FIG. 10 shows a diagram in which temperatures were measured on a component during heating, once in the region of an underlying absorption mass and once in an area in which no absorption mass was present. It can be seen from the diagram that the temperature of the component is above the absorption mass in a non-critical range, which means that due to the significantly lower heating no hardness will be achieved here.
- the absorption mass can be designed so that either a flat board or an already preformed component in the areas that are to remain softer, rests on this absorption mass, optionally in some areas with a slightly larger air gap, in particular an air gap of 4 mm to 10 mm thickness to realize hardness transitions.
- a preferred application of the absorption mass is, for example, the production of round or circular softer regions on a component or a circuit board, in particular in the flange region at locations where a joint is to be performed.
- This is particularly advantageous for welded joints, because it has been shown that by the heat treatment of galvanized high-hardenable steel sheets hardening by the surface of the zinc layer partially changed by oxide coatings so that the weldability is reduced. If these areas are left soft with absorption masses, in particular by an absorption mass, which is elongated, for example in the region of the flange and has rounded columnar projections on which the component rests, areas can be achieved in which the zinc surface is not adversely affected, then that here a very good weldability is maintained. Also for mechanical reasons, this is advantageous because the welds remain ductile even in these softer areas and allow so-called Ausknöpfbrüche, so that a preferred fracture pattern in the industry is achieved.
- the absorption mass can be actively cooled by a cooling section after the furnace process on the return path of the furnace support. Before the absorption mass returns to the furnace, this cooling distance ensures that the temperature of the mass is always a constant low temperature having.
- Different cooling media can be used to cool the absorption mass, such as compressed air or nitrogen.
- the oven supports can be modified in such a way that you can attach the absorption mass by means of robots or suitable device on the furnace support and remove. This can be realized in the series process as follows.
- the furnace supports are returned above the furnace.
- the oven holders stay for about 20 seconds always in the same place.
- a robot or a suitable device can be positioned, which removes the hot absorption mass from its holder and then attaches a cold absorption mass.
- the hot absorption mass may be fed to a cooling circuit (active or passive) which cools the hot absorption mass until reuse. This ensures that the absorption mass always extracts the same energy from the component in the oven during the oven process.
- Partial austenitizing may be followed by partial press hardening.
- the component geometry is guaranteed process reliable, since the component is held during press hardening during cooling in the press tool.
- each ductile area can be varied freely depending on the application.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009015013A DE102009015013B4 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2009-03-26 | Process for producing partially hardened steel components |
PCT/EP2010/054019 WO2010109012A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Method for producing partially hardened steel components |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2411548A1 true EP2411548A1 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
EP2411548B1 EP2411548B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
Family
ID=42309460
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10711386.2A Active EP2411548B1 (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | Method for producing partially hardened steel components |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8597441B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2411548B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102365375B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102009015013B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2429021T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2010109012A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201105487B (en) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE531499C2 (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-04-28 | Gestamp Hardtech Ab | B-pillar for vehicles |
PL2529038T3 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2014-04-30 | Tata Steel Nederland Tech Bv | Process for the heat treatment of metal strip material, and strip material produced in that way |
DE102010048209C5 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2016-05-25 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Method for producing a hot-formed press-hardened metal component |
EP2655675B1 (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2021-03-10 | Voestalpine Stahl GmbH | Method for producing hardened structural elements |
DE102011053941B4 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2015-11-05 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Method for producing hardened components with regions of different hardness and / or ductility |
DE102011053939B4 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2015-10-29 | Voestalpine Stahl Gmbh | Method for producing hardened components |
EP2562034B1 (en) | 2011-08-25 | 2017-10-04 | Adient Luxembourg Holding S.à r.l. | Profile component for a vehicle seat, method and device for producing a profile component |
DE102011056444C5 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2015-10-15 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Method and device for partial hardening of sheet metal components |
CN102492818B (en) * | 2011-12-24 | 2013-12-18 | 山东普利森集团有限公司 | Thermal treatment process for inlaid steel guide rail |
DE102012006941B4 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-17 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Method for producing a steel component by hot forming |
DE102012016075B4 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2014-02-27 | Steinhoff & Braun's Gmbh | Method and device for producing a metal component |
DE102013100682B3 (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-06-05 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | A method of producing cured components and a structural component made by the method |
DE102013212816B4 (en) | 2013-07-01 | 2016-03-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Process for producing a partially press-hardened sheet metal part by direct press hardening |
DE102013108044B3 (en) | 2013-07-26 | 2014-11-20 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Heat sink with spacer |
DE102014211241A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-17 | Sms Elotherm Gmbh | Method and heating system for the standard heating of sheet metal blanks with formation of different temperature zones |
DE102014215365A1 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2016-02-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of hot formed components |
DE102015203338A1 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2016-08-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Positioning device for a sheet metal component |
DE102015113056B4 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2018-07-26 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Method for the contactless cooling of steel sheets and device therefor |
EP3302837B1 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2020-03-11 | voestalpine Stahl GmbH | Method for the homogeneous non-contact temperature control of non-endless surfaces which are to be temperature-controlled, and device therefor |
DE102016109095B4 (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2018-09-13 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Apparatus and method for partial hardening of sheet steel components |
DE102016201025A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-07-27 | Schwartz Gmbh | Heat treatment process and heat treatment device |
EP3211103B1 (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2020-09-30 | Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH | Method for manufacturing a motor vehicle component with at least two different strength areas |
WO2018115914A1 (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | Arcelormittal | A manufacturing process of hot press formed aluminized steel parts |
DE102017125473B3 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2019-03-28 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Method and device for producing partially hardened sheet steel components |
DE102018130860A1 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2020-06-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Process for hot forming a, in particular plate-shaped, semi-finished product |
CN110936589A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-03-31 | 陈鹏 | Hot-pressing mould with multiple heat conduction effects in different areas |
CN114555453B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2024-06-14 | 自动工程有限公司 | Formed sheet metal part for vehicle frame and corresponding production method |
DE102020103276A1 (en) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-12 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Furnace for partial heating of metal components |
DE102021110702A1 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-10-27 | Voestalpine Metal Forming Gmbh | Process and device for manufacturing hardened steel components with different ductile areas |
DE102022000670A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-24 | Mercedes-Benz Group AG | Process for the heat treatment of a test piece and test piece |
Family Cites Families (8)
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US4506822A (en) * | 1982-03-18 | 1985-03-26 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for brazing together planar and nonplanar metal members |
JP3305952B2 (en) | 1996-06-28 | 2002-07-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | How to strengthen induction hardening of center pillar reinforce |
DE19743802C2 (en) | 1996-10-07 | 2000-09-14 | Benteler Werke Ag | Method for producing a metallic molded component |
DE20014361U1 (en) * | 2000-08-19 | 2000-10-12 | Benteler Werke Ag | B-pillar for a motor vehicle |
DE10162415A1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-03 | Siempelkamp Pressen Sys Gmbh | Heat forming process, especially for making aluminium workpieces, comprises providing metal blank with reflectance altering coating |
DE10212819B4 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2004-07-08 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Process for the production of a metallic component |
DE10356679A1 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2005-07-21 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Process and apparatus for coating or heat treating BLISK aircraft gas turbine disks |
DE102006018406B4 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2012-04-19 | Elisabeth Braun | Process for heating workpieces, in particular sheet-metal parts intended for press-hardening |
-
2009
- 2009-03-26 DE DE102009015013A patent/DE102009015013B4/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-03-06 US US13/258,085 patent/US8597441B2/en active Active
- 2010-03-26 EP EP10711386.2A patent/EP2411548B1/en active Active
- 2010-03-26 WO PCT/EP2010/054019 patent/WO2010109012A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-03-26 ES ES10711386T patent/ES2429021T3/en active Active
- 2010-03-26 CN CN201080013788.XA patent/CN102365375B/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-07-26 ZA ZA2011/05487A patent/ZA201105487B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2010109012A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2429021T3 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
WO2010109012A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
CN102365375A (en) | 2012-02-29 |
CN102365375B (en) | 2014-07-30 |
US20120097298A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
US8597441B2 (en) | 2013-12-03 |
ZA201105487B (en) | 2012-08-29 |
DE102009015013A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
DE102009015013B4 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
EP2411548B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
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