DE102022000670A1 - Process for the heat treatment of a test piece and test piece - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of a test body (10), with the steps of providing the test body (10) having a test body volume, heating the test body (10) to at least one target temperature (c) by means of at least one energy source (14) with at least one specified one Heating rate (a), the energy source (14) being controlled or regulated by means of a pyrometer (18) and/or by means of a thermocouple (20) located in the test body volume, maintaining the target temperature (c) of the test body (10) for a period of time (d) for a maximum of 20 minutes, and cooling (h) the specimen.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of a test specimen. Furthermore, the invention relates to a test body.

The DE 10 2017 002 822 A1 a method for short-term heat treatment of at least one cast component formed from a light metal by means of energy radiation can be seen as known. In addition, the DE 10 2020 004 084 A1 a method for post-treating a component that is at least partially additively manufactured.

It is the object of the present invention to create a method and a test specimen so that a particularly advantageous heat treatment of the test specimen can be implemented.

This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and by a test body having the features of patent claim 10 . Advantageous configurations with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the remaining claims.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of a test body. In the method, the test body having a test body volume is provided. The test specimen is heated to at least one target temperature, which is also referred to as at least one first target temperature, using at least one energy source, such that the test specimen is heated to the target temperature at at least a predetermined, i.e. defined, heating rate. In this case, the energy source is controlled or regulated by means of a pyrometer and/or by means of a thermocouple located in the test body volume, i.e. in the test body, i.e. arranged in the test body volume or in the test body. The target temperature of the test specimen is maintained primarily for a maximum of 20 minutes, also referred to as the holding period. Duration is also referred to as first duration or first holding period. The duration can be greater than 0 seconds, in particular greater than one minute, or the duration is less than one minute, in particular less than one second, in which case the duration can be in particular 0 seconds, so that the holding time is practically 0. Furthermore, the test specimen is cooled down, in particular after the duration has elapsed.

In particular, it is conceivable that the method can also include a first step, also denoted by a). In step a), the test specimen is provided. In a second step of the method, labeled b), for example, the test body is stored and/or fixed in such a way that there is as little heat flow as possible to an area surrounding the test body. In a third step of the method, denoted by c), for example, the previously described heating of the test body takes place by means of the at least one energy source. In a fourth step of the method, also referred to as d), the test specimen is heated, for example, at the at least one defined heating rate, with the at least one energy source being controlled or regulated with the aid of the pyrometer mentioned and/or with the aid of the thermocouple located in the test specimen volume he follows. In a fifth step of the method, also denoted by e), the first target temperature is approached. This means that in step e) the test body is heated to the first target temperature, in particular by heating. In a sixth step of the method, also denoted by f), the test specimen is held at the target temperature, ie the target temperature is held for the stated maximum duration of 20 minutes. In a seventh step of the method, also denoted by g), the test specimen is cooled.

For example, provision can be made for at least one further, second target temperature to be approached after step f), which is maintained for a second holding period, which is also referred to as the second period. Furthermore, it can be provided, for example, that the target temperature is approached in step e) and that there is practically no holding time in step f).

In a further embodiment it can be provided that the holding time, ie the first holding time and/or the second holding time, is a maximum of 10 minutes, in particular a maximum of 5 minutes.

In a further embodiment, it can be provided that the test specimen is at least partially surrounded by a heat-insulating layer and/or casing, for example by a ceramic fiber mat, during the heat treatment, whereby it can be realized in particular that the lowest possible heat flow or no heat flow to the environment takes place.

In a further embodiment it can be provided that the test body is received, in particular held, between thin tips.

A further embodiment can be characterized in that the test body undergoes at least one further heat treatment locally or completely before and/or after the heat treatment ment undergoes, that is, is subjected to at least one further heat treatment.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the test body is a light metal alloy, in particular an aluminum alloy.

It is also conceivable that the test body is a test body that is produced partially or completely by additive manufacturing.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a test body which is heat-treated using a method according to the first aspect of the invention.

In particular, an aluminum alloy is to be understood as an aluminum-based material and thus in particular an alloy that consists or is formed of at least 50 percent by weight of aluminum (Al) and can contain other alloying elements. An additively manufactured material and thus the feature that the test specimen is manufactured, for example, partially or entirely by additive manufacturing, means a material that is manufactured partially or entirely by means of additive manufacturing.

In particular, additive manufacturing is a manufacturing process from the group of 3D printing, selective laser melting, selective electron beam melting, selective laser sintering, selective electron beam sintering, wire deposition welding and powder deposition welding.

The heat treatment of the method according to the invention is in particular a short-time heat treatment. In particular, macroscopic material tests are possible on the test specimen after the heat treatment. With the help of these tests, standard-compliant, mechanical, for example static, characteristic values in the tensile test (vibration strength characteristics) and/or physical characteristic values (for example thermal conductivity, thermal expansion) can be determined.

The special feature of the method according to the invention is the combination of a heat treatment of the sufficiently large test specimen, from which, for example, at least one or more standard tensile specimens can be taken, of at least one, short, very precisely defined heat treatment process step and in particular the possibility of an in-situ temperature measurement in the test specimen, for example, to confirm an at least approximately homogeneous temperature distribution in the entire test specimen and thus to ensure a defined, at least essentially homogeneous heat treatment/material condition in the entire test specimen. The method is aimed in particular at light metals or light metal alloys. The process is particularly aimed at aluminum or aluminum alloys. These alloys, or components made from these alloys, can be cast, forged, rolled, machined from a semi-finished product or even partially or completely additively manufactured.

The invention is based in particular on the following findings: Heat treatments for the production of test specimens and components are known in particular as internal prior art. For this purpose, heat treatments are often carried out in a furnace, particularly in the case of aluminum alloys. The heating rates achieved are significantly lower than what is of interest. This means that heat treatment processes that require a very high, defined heating rate, for example, cannot be implemented. In principle, rapid heating is possible in the salt bath. Salt bath heat treatments are often harmful to the environment and may also chemically change the test specimen. In addition, it is not possible to vary the heating rate and/or to run different heating rates in sections during the heating. Short-term heat treatments are known for iron-based materials, especially steels. For example induction, laser and electron beam hardening. The heat treatment also aims at rapid heating to a temperature higher than the austenitization temperature. However, the target temperature does not have to be reached with pinpoint accuracy and also does not have to be maintained at exactly the right time over a longer period of time. In other words, it is not necessary to maintain a practically constant target temperature level for the purpose of martensitic hardening of iron-based materials.

In the case of heat treatments, in particular in the case of short-term heat treatments, in particular with a focus on aluminum or aluminum alloys, the application of several energy sources to a component is conceivable, resulting in thermal energy inputs depending on the location. The main disadvantage here, however, is that heat conduction processes, starting from these heated locations, inevitably lead to heat dissipation into the component. This heat dissipation is undefined. This means that the volume areas of this heat-affected component have undergone very different (short-term) heat treatments depending on the location. As a result, location-dependent different microstructure and/or strength states inevitably develop. This is for determining reliable characteristic values very disadvantageous. Because when a test specimen is removed from this comparatively inhomogeneous heat-treated component and when it is tested, no precisely defined material properties are to be expected.

Short-term heat treatments, which are carried out with high-precision temperature-time control, are possible, for example, in so-called dilatometers and calorimeters. However, due to the small dimensions of the specimen, it is not possible to carry out standardized tensile tests or similar tests on such specimens after the heat treatment. Material characterization is limited to hardness measurements, for example.

• - Bereitstellung eines Prüfkörpers beispielsweise einer Probe aus einer Aluminiumlegierung, beispielsweise aus einer Aluminium-Gusslegierung oder einer additiv gefertigten Aluminiumlegierung; Prüfkörperdimension beispielsweise Länge 60 mm, Breite 10 mm, Höhe 10 mm; Prüfkörperoberfläche kann optional behandelt, beispielsweise gestrahlt, sein;
• - Der Prüfkörper wird wärmeisolierend aufgenommen, so dass ein Wärmeabfluss in die Umgebung möglichst vermieden und im Prüfkörper ein möglichst beziehungsweise zumindest im Wesentlichen homogenes oder zumindest annähernd homogenes Temperaturfeld erzeugt wird. Beispielsweise kann das Bauteil mit minimiertem Kontakt zwischen Spitzen aufgenommen und dabei wärmebehandelt werden. Bevorzugt kann das Bauteil (Prüfkörper) mit einer wärmeisolierenden Ummantelung, beispielsweise einer keramischen Isoliermatte, umgeben werden.

• - Der Prüfkörper wird mittels mindestens einer Energiequelle definiert erwärmt und mittels Steuerung oder Regelung auf Temperatur gehalten. Die Temperaturführung der Energiequelle zur Erzielung und Einhaltung der gewünschten Temperatur (Zieltemperatur) erfolgt beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Thermoelements, welches die Bauteiltemperatur im Inneren und/oder mittels eines Pyrometers (beispielsweise eines 2-Farben-Pyrometers), welches äußerst zeitnah die auf der Bauteiloberfläche resultierende Temperatur erfasst und ermöglicht, die Energiequelle entsprechend zu steuern oder zu regeln. Als Energiequellen können verwendet werden: Beispielsweise mindestens eine Laserstrahlquelle und/oder mindestens eine Elektronenstrahlquelle und/oder mindestens eine Induktionseinheit und/oder mindestens eine Infrarotheizeinheit; besonders bevorzugt ist die Verwendung einer Laserstrahlquelle. Besonders vorteilhaft ist dabei, wenn eine sich nicht-bewegende Laserstrahlung verwendet wird, wenn also eine Fläche stehend belichtet wird und dadurch eine definierte Zeitspanne auf Wärmebehandlungstemperatur erst vorteilhaft möglich wird. Somit ist es beispielsweise möglich, genau definierte Temperatur-Zeit-Profile während des Erwärmens und/oder des Haltens der Zieltemperatur und/oder während der Abkühlphase bereitzustellen. Im Gegensatz dazu würde ein über den Prüfkörper geführter Laserstrahl dazu führen, dass im Prüfkörper ein wanderndes Temperaturfeld resultiert, damit eine ortsabhängige Wärmebeeinflussung und somit letztendlich eine im Prüfkörper inhomogene Wärmebehandlung.
• - Die Erwärmung kann beispielsweise mit genau definierter Aufheizrate, beispielsweise einer Erwärmungsrampe und/oder Erwärmungsrate, ausgedrückt in Kelvin pro Sekunde eingestellt werden. Besonders bevorzugt liegt die Erwärmungsrampe im Bereich bis 400 Kelvin pro Sekunde, insbesondere bis 250 Kelvin pro Sekunde, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich 1 Kelvin pro Sekunde bis 100 Kelvin pro Sekunde. Grundsätzlich ist es bei der Erwärmung möglich, abschnittsweise auch unterschiedliche Aufheizraten und/oder Abkühlraten (Abkühlrampen) zu fahren.
• - Optional ist die Regelung oder Steuerung so eingestellt, dass die angepeilte Zieltemperatur beziehungsweise die Zieltemperaturen praktisch ohne Temperaturüberschwinger erhalten werden.
• - Grundsätzlich kann im Zuge dieser Wärmebehandlung eine Zieltemperatur angefahren und gehalten werden. Es ist aber möglich, dass zwei oder demgegenüber mehr unterschiedliche Zieltemperaturen und/oder unterschiedliche Haltedauern oder Haltezeiten angefahren werden. Im Folgenden wird der Vereinfachung wegen nur von einer Zieltemperatur gesprochen.
• - Die Zieltemperatur kann wiederum mittels Überwachung, beispielsweise anhand eines implementierten Thermoelements und/oder mit Hilfe mindestens eines Pyrometers, welches auf die Prüfkörperoberfläche gerichtet ist und die jeweilige Temperatur erfasst, genau gehalten werden. Besonders bevorzugt liegt die Haltezeit auf der mindestens einen Zieltemperatur bei höchstens 20 Minuten, insbesondere bei höchstens 10 Minuten und ganz insbesondere bei höchstens 5 Minuten.
• - Nach Beendigung beziehungsweise Ablauf der Haltezeit auf Zieltemperatur kann der Prüfkörper entweder ohne weitere Kühlmaßnahmen abkühlen. Alternativ kann der Prüfkörper rasch abgekühlt, beispielsweise mittels einer Wasserkühlung aktiv abgeschreckt werden. Alternativ kann aber eine über die Energiequelle gesteuerte Abkühlrate (Abkühlungsrampe) gefahren werden.

In order to solve the problems and disadvantages mentioned above, the following process sequence of the method can be provided in particular:

• - Provision of a test body, for example a sample made of an aluminum alloy, for example made of an aluminum cast alloy or an additively manufactured aluminum alloy; Test specimen dimension, for example length 60 mm, width 10 mm, height 10 mm; Test specimen surface can optionally be treated, for example blasted;
• The test body is accommodated in a heat-insulating manner, so that heat dissipation into the environment is avoided as far as possible and a temperature field that is as or at least substantially homogeneous or at least approximately homogeneous as possible is generated in the test body. For example, the component can be picked up with minimized contact between tips while being heat treated. The component (test specimen) can preferably be surrounded by a heat-insulating casing, for example a ceramic insulating mat.

• - The test specimen is heated in a defined manner by means of at least one energy source and kept at this temperature by means of control or regulation. The temperature control of the energy source to achieve and maintain the desired temperature (target temperature) is carried out, for example, with the help of a thermocouple, which measures the component temperature inside and/or by means of a pyrometer (e.g. a 2-color pyrometer), which very quickly measures the temperature resulting on the component surface Detects temperature and allows the energy source to be controlled or regulated accordingly. Energy sources that can be used are: for example at least one laser beam source and/or at least one electron beam source and/or at least one induction unit and/or at least one infrared heating unit; the use of a laser beam source is particularly preferred. It is particularly advantageous if a non-moving laser radiation is used, ie if a surface is exposed in a standing position and a defined period of time at the heat treatment temperature is only advantageously possible as a result. It is thus possible, for example, to provide precisely defined temperature-time profiles during heating and/or maintaining the target temperature and/or during the cooling phase. In contrast, a laser beam guided over the test specimen would result in a moving temperature field in the test specimen, resulting in a location-dependent heat influence and ultimately an inhomogeneous heat treatment in the test specimen.
• The heating can be set, for example, with a precisely defined heating rate, for example a heating ramp and/or heating rate, expressed in Kelvin per second. The heating ramp is particularly preferably in the range of up to 400 Kelvin per second, in particular up to 250 Kelvin per second, particularly preferably in the range of 1 Kelvin per second to 100 Kelvin per second. In principle, it is possible during heating to also run different heating rates and/or cooling rates (cooling ramps) in sections.
• - Optionally, the regulation or control is set in such a way that the targeted target temperature or temperatures are obtained with practically no temperature overshoots.
• - In principle, a target temperature can be approached and maintained in the course of this heat treatment. However, it is possible that two or more different target temperatures and/or different holding periods or holding times are approached. For reasons of simplification, only one target temperature is discussed below.
• The target temperature can in turn be maintained precisely by means of monitoring, for example using an implemented thermocouple and/or using at least one pyrometer which is aimed at the test body surface and records the respective temperature. The holding time at the at least one target temperature is particularly preferably not more than 20 minutes, in particular not more than 10 minutes and very particularly not more than 5 minutes.
• - After the end or the end of the holding time at the target temperature, the test specimen can either cool down without further cooling measures. Alternatively, the test specimen can be cooled quickly, for example actively quenched by means of water cooling. Alternatively, a cooling rate (cooling ramp) controlled by the energy source can be used.

Before the heat treatment, which is designed in particular as a short-term heat treatment, the test specimen can be heat-treated locally or completely. Alternatively or additionally, the test specimen can be heat-treated locally or completely after the heat treatment, which is in particular designed as a short-time heat treatment.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment and from the drawing. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description and the features and combinations of features mentioned below in the description of the figures and/or shown alone in the figures can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without going beyond the scope of the leave invention.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines Verfahrens zur Wärmebehandlung eines Prüfkörpers;
• 2 eine schematische Schnittansicht des Prüfkörpers;
• 3 ein Diagramm zum Veranschaulichen des Verfahrens;
• 4 ein weiteres Diagramm zum Veranschaulichen des Verfahrens; und
• 5 ein weiteres Diagramm zum Veranschaulichen des Verfahrens.

The drawing shows in:

• 1 a schematic representation of a method for heat treatment of a test specimen;
• 2 a schematic sectional view of the test body;
• 3 a diagram to illustrate the method;
• 4 another diagram to illustrate the process; and
• 5 another diagram to illustrate the procedure.

Elements that are the same or have the same function are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.

Based on 1 until 5 a method for the heat treatment of a test specimen 10 is described below. In particular, in 1 a schematic representation of an exemplary test setup is shown, by means of which the method and thus the heat treatment of the test specimen 10 can be carried out. During the heat treatment, for example, the test specimen 10 is held over or by means of tips 12, in particular in such a way that the test specimen 10 is arranged between the tips 12. In particular, the test body 10 is held by the tips 12 . The experimental setup includes a laser 14, by means of which, as in 1 illustrated by arrows 16, at least one energy beam designed as a laser beam is provided, the test body 10 being heated by means of the laser beam, that is to say being heated. In the method, the test body 10 is thus provided and heated to at least one target temperature at at least a predetermined heating rate by means of the laser 14, that is to say by means of the laser beam. It can be seen that the laser 14 is an energy source, by means of which the test body 10 is heated to the target temperature at the at least one predetermined heating rate. The energy source is controlled or regulated, for example, by means of a pyrometer 18 and/or by means of a thermocouple 20 located in a test body volume of the test body 10 and thus within the test body 10. The test setup also includes a control unit 22, which is designed, for example, as an electronic computing device. In the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures, the energy source (laser 14) and thus the heating of test body 10 caused by the energy source are regulated, in particular as a function of at least one temperature of test body 10 measured by pyrometer 18 and/or as a function of at least one temperature temperature of the test body 10 measured by the thermocouple 20. The test body 10 is heated by the energy source (laser 14) in such a way that the laser beam is radiated at least onto a region B of the test body 10, in particular directly, so that at least in the region B a Impact of energy on the specimen 10 takes place. The test specimen 10 is heated as a result of this action of energy. In 1 another area C of the test specimen 10 is illustrated. For example, area C is removed from the test body 10, the removed area C being a tensile sample or being used as a tensile sample. In other words, it is conceivable that the test body 10 is subjected to a tensile test, especially after the heat treatment, during which the area C is separated from the rest of the test body 10, so that the area C is then used as a tensile test.

It is conceivable that the tips 12 or a device comprising the tips 12 can be omitted, so that, for example, as an alternative or in addition to the tips 12, the test body 10 can be picked up, in particular held, by a device that is not shown in detail.

Out of 2 it can be seen that between the test body 10 and said device that the tips 12, a particularly thermally insulating layer 24, which acts in particular as a sheathing of the test body 10, is arranged, which is formed, for example, as or by a ceramic mat. In other words, the particularly thermally insulating layer 24 is introduced between the test body 10 and the device, which accommodates or holds the test body 10, for example.

3 shows a diagram with the time plotted on the abscissa 26 . A temperature of the test body 10 is plotted on the ordinate 28, the temperature being measured, for example, by means of the pyrometer 18 and/or the thermocouple 20. A curve 30 is a time curve of the temperature and thus illustrates the heating of the test body 10 caused by the energy source. The curve 30 is therefore a temperature-time curve, which is shown in 3 is shown schematically. The temperature-time curve includes a heating ramp, which is realized in particular by a substantially uniform heating rate, with a target temperature of the test body 10 being approached, the test body 10 being kept at the target temperature and then being cooled down, for example by the test body 10 being in particular actively cooled , is deterred.

4 shows another diagram, on the abscissa 26 of which the time is plotted. The aforementioned temperature of the test body 10 is again plotted on the ordinate 28 . A profile 32 is a further, alternative temperature-time curve, and therefore an alternative, time profile of the temperature of the test body 10. According to 4 For example, the test body 10 is heated by running different heating rates, in particular heating ramps a and b, in two different time periods. Thus, a first of the heating ramps is labeled a and the second heating ramp is labeled b. A first target temperature is denoted by c, and a holding period is denoted by d, during which the test body 10 is kept at the first target temperature c. The cooling of the test body 10 is denoted by h.

5 shows a diagram with the time plotted on the abscissa 26 . The temperature of the test body 10 is plotted on the ordinate 28 . A curve 34 is another alternative temperature-time curve. After approaching and maintaining the first target temperature c, a next, second target temperature f is started and maintained, with e denoting a third heating ramp and g a second holding period during which the test specimen is maintained at the second target temperature f.

• - Durchführung von insbesondere kurzen Wärmebehandlungen mit sehr exaktem Temperatur-Zeit-Verlauf
• - Möglichkeit einer geregelten Temperaturführung und einer in-situ-Temperaturmessung über den vollständigen Prozess
• - Umsetzung von schnellen Prozessen bei praktisch homogener Temperaturverteilung im gesamten Prüfkörper 10
• - Dadurch wird Spektrum von Wärmebehandlungen, insbesondere von Kurzzeitwärmebehandlungen, deutlich erweitert.
• - Insbesondere wird das Spektrum von Kurzzeitwärmebehandlungen an Aluminiumlegierungen deutlich erweitert.
• - Additiv gefertigte Proben reagieren aufgrund der Herstellroute oftmals anders als von konventionellen Materialien mit nominell gleicher chemischer Zusammensetzung bekannt.
• - Ganz insbesondere ermöglicht somit die Wärmebehandlung, die Werkstoffeigenschaften von additiv gefertigtem Material anders als bislang gezielt zu modifizieren und diese Eigenschaften auch prüfen zu können.
• - Herstellung von Prüfkörpern, an denen wichtige Werkstoffkennwerte wie beispielsweise Zugversuchsdaten oder dynamische Festigkeitskennwerte normgerecht ermittelbar sind.

In particular, the following advantages can be realized by the method:

• - Implementation of particularly short heat treatments with a very precise temperature-time curve
• - Possibility of controlled temperature control and in-situ temperature measurement over the entire process
• - Implementation of fast processes with practically homogeneous temperature distribution in the entire test body 10
• - This significantly expands the range of heat treatments, especially short-term heat treatments.
• - In particular, the range of short-term heat treatments on aluminum alloys is significantly expanded.
• - Due to the manufacturing route, additively manufactured samples often react differently than conventional materials with a nominally identical chemical composition.
• - In particular, heat treatment makes it possible to specifically modify the material properties of additively manufactured material in a different way than before and also to be able to test these properties.
• - Production of test specimens on which important material parameters such as tensile test data or dynamic strength parameters can be determined in accordance with standards.

Reference List

10

specimen

12

Great

14

Laser

16

arrows

18

pyrometer

20

thermocouple

22

control unit

24

layer

26

abscissa

28

ordinate

30

Course

32

Course

34

Course

a

warming ramp

b

warming ramp

c

target temperature

i.e

holding period

e

warming ramp

f

target temperature

G

holding period

H

Cooling

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102017002822 A1 [0002]
• DE 102020004084 A1 [0002]

Claims (10)

Method for the heat treatment of a test piece (10), with the steps: a) providing the test body (10) having a test body volume; b) heating of the test specimen (10) to at least one target temperature (c) using at least one energy source (14) at at least a predetermined heating rate (a), the energy source (14) being controlled or regulated using a pyrometer (18) and/or by means of a thermocouple (20) located in the test body volume; c) maintaining the target temperature (c) of the test specimen (10) for a maximum duration (d) of 20 minutes; and d) cooling (h) the test specimen. procedure after claim 1 , characterized in that after step c) and before step d) the test body (10) is brought to at least one further target temperature (f) which is maintained for a second duration (g). procedure after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that in step c) the duration (d) is 0. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the duration (d, g) is a maximum of 10 minutes, in particular a maximum of 5 minutes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test body (10) is at least partially surrounded by a heat-insulating layer (24) or casing, in particular a ceramic fiber mat, during the heat treatment. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test body (10) is held between tips (12). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test body (10) is subjected locally or completely to at least one further heat treatment before and/or after the heat treatment. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test body (10) is formed from a light metal alloy, in particular from an aluminum alloy. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test body (10) is produced partially or completely by additive manufacturing. Test piece (10) which is heat-treated by a method according to any one of the preceding claims.

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