EP3221474B1 - Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece - Google Patents

Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3221474B1
EP3221474B1 EP15794508.0A EP15794508A EP3221474B1 EP 3221474 B1 EP3221474 B1 EP 3221474B1 EP 15794508 A EP15794508 A EP 15794508A EP 3221474 B1 EP3221474 B1 EP 3221474B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
cleaning
heating
burner
station
Prior art date
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Application number
EP15794508.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3221474A1 (en
Inventor
Janko Banik
Sascha Sikora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
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Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, ThyssenKrupp AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority to PL15794508T priority Critical patent/PL3221474T3/en
Publication of EP3221474A1 publication Critical patent/EP3221474A1/en
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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/68Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
    • C21D1/72Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment during chemical change of surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B1/00Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B1/00Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
    • B08B1/10Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
    • B08B1/12Brushes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08CLEANING
    • B08BCLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for hot or warm forging a workpiece and a manufacturing plant for hot or warm forging a workpiece.
  • non-coated or coated materials are generally used.
  • a semi-finished, coil- or platinum-shaped partially, preferably completely, be provided with a corrosion protection oil or with lubricants.
  • contamination by dust or the like, in particular in a coil or sinker storage usually also can hardly be avoided.
  • the workpiece is cleaned in time after the pretreatment and prior to heating for forming and / or hardening, and in particular freed from residues that have been deposited by the pretreatment on the workpiece.
  • This improves the quality of the component produced in time after the workpiece has been formed, since it reduces the likelihood of settling pollutants which form when the workpiece is heated from the residues, and thus the probability of permanent damage to the workpiece.
  • other contaminants, such. As dust be removed from the workpiece.
  • the cleaning step is carried out immediately before heating.
  • the workpiece after forming and / or hardening as a manufactured component is a structural or chassis component of a motor vehicle.
  • the workpiece is provided as a sheet-metal part, in particular as a planar sheet-metal plate (direct hot forming) or as a molded part (indirect hot-forming) that almost has its final geometry, wherein the pretreatment is at least part of the production process of the sheet-metal part.
  • the partial area of the workpiece, which is to be heated when heating to the target temperature preferably the workpiece is cleaned completely, in the cleaning step. But it is also conceivable that such portions of the workpiece to be cleaned specifically, of which one wishes the finished component improved surface quality.
  • the workpiece is at least partially thermally treated in the cleaning step.
  • the workpiece is heated in the cleaning step by a burner to a cleaning temperature.
  • the workpiece is heated by one or more burners, preferably on both sides, in particular all-round and evenly. It is conceivable that the burner during the heating along the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, preferably oscillating, is moved. As a result of the heating already taking place when the workpiece is being cleaned, comparatively little heating energy is required to reach the target temperature in the heating station.
  • the cleaning station with its burner is spatially separated from the heating station, in order to avoid that the pollutants, which are in the exhaust gases occurring during heating to the cleaning temperature, deposit on the system components when heating to the target temperature.
  • the cleaning step is performed in the heating station by the burner responsible for heating first heats the workpiece to the cleaning temperature and then to the target temperature, wherein the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature. It is preferably provided that when the workpiece is heated to a cleaning temperature, the ambient air of the workpiece, for example by means of a trigger, is withdrawn to dissipate the pollutants.
  • the workpiece is at least partially treated chemically and / or mechanically in the cleaning step.
  • the selected cleaning method is preferably adapted to the workpiece so that the cleaning leaves the properties of the workpiece substantially unimpaired. This makes it possible to ensure in an advantageous manner that no measures are taken with the cleaning step, which jeopardize the quality of the later manufactured component.
  • the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in the cleaning step in a cleaning bath.
  • the pollutants are bound in an advantageous manner in a liquid of the cleaning bath. It is conceivable that the liquid is exchanged in the cleaning bath by the liquid is guided into the cleaning bath and drained again, for example pumped into a liquid circuit in the cleaning bath and pumped out of the cleaning bath again.
  • the binding of the pollutants to the liquid is advantageously avoided that the pollutants spread over the air and deposit, for example, to parts of the system.
  • the wet workpiece is dried in time before heating, for example with hot air.
  • the workpiece is brushed in the cleaning step. It is conceivable for this mechanical treatment in the cleaning step that the workpiece is brought into contact with the brush and the workpiece is moved in the longitudinal direction, wherein the brush extends substantially along the transverse direction of the workpiece.
  • the cleaning step can be integrated into the transport of the workpiece to the heating station in an advantageous manner without significant delays in hot or warm forging being achieved by the cleaning step.
  • the brush or a system of brushes is arranged at the entrance to the heating station and thereby provided for the cleaning of the workpiece immediately before heating.
  • the workpiece is cleaned manually. When manually cleaning with a brush evidently noticeable residues can be removed advantageously without much additional effort.
  • the workpiece is transported or moved during the cleaning step.
  • the cleaning step can advantageously be integrated into the hot or warm forging of the workpiece so that potential delays are kept as short as possible by the cleaning step.
  • the cleaning step is a thermal treatment, it is conceivable that the workpiece is guided past a burner with a burner strip along the conveying direction, the burner heating the workpiece during the passage.
  • the workpiece is moved with a conveyor along a conveying direction and passes successively the cleaning station, the heating station and reaches the forming and / or hardening tool.
  • the workpiece is transported in time between the cleaning step and the heating from a cleaning station to a heating station.
  • the transport path is bridged in as short a time as possible in order to avoid that the workpiece cools again.
  • the conveyor comprises heating elements, which ensure that the workpiece substantially maintains its cleaning temperature.
  • the workpiece is transported in such a way that the workpiece is not polluted again or contaminated.
  • the workpiece is moved with a conveyor along a conveying direction and passes successively the cleaning station, the heating station and reaches the forming and / or hardening tool.
  • the workpiece when heated for the forming and / or hardening with another burner to the target temperature is heated.
  • a temperature between 600 ° C and 900 ° C is selected as the target temperature.
  • the target temperature above AC3 is reached in order to convert the microstructure completely into austenite. If the target temperature is below AC3 and above AC1, a mixed structure of austenite and ferrite is established.
  • the speed at which the workpiece is heated to the cleaning temperature when using a burner is greater than the rate at which the workpiece is heated to the target temperature, particularly when using a radiant oven.
  • the workpiece is coated with a protective material and / or in particular at least partially coated with a corrosion protection oil in order to prevent corrosion during transport.
  • the burner and / or the further burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
  • the heating power of the burner and / or the further burner via the mixing ratio of the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas is adjusted.
  • the maximum temperature in a combustion flame of the burner and / or of the further burner is determined via an oxygen content.
  • a technical oxygen mixture is supplied to the further burner, wherein the oxygen content is preferably greater than 70% or particularly preferably greater than 90%. It is further provided that to achieve the target temperature at a desired speed with which the workpiece is heated, the distance between burner and workpiece, the oxygen content and / or a conveying speed of the conveyed along the conveying direction workpiece are set accordingly.
  • the workpiece for forming and / or curing in a forming / hardening tool is arranged.
  • the forming / hardening tool is at least partially cooled and thereby provides advantageously for example for a partial hardening of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is a workpiece which is essentially made of a manganese-boron steel, in particular 22MnB5, or a sheet metal plate with a higher carbon content.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a production plant for hot or warm forging of a workpiece, in particular for carrying out a method according to the invention, wherein the manufacturing plant comprises a cleaning station for cleaning a workpiece and a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece.
  • the cleaning station is suitable for the thermal treatment of the workpiece, wherein the cleaning station has a burner.
  • the manufacturing plant according to the invention has the advantage that it can be ensured by means of the cleaning station that possible residues are removed from a pretreatment of the workpiece and so the amount of potential pollutants that could affect the quality of the later manufactured component in advantageously reduced.
  • the manufacturing plant comprises a conveyor.
  • the conveyor With the conveyor, the workpiece can be advantageously transported via the cleaning station and the heating station for forming / hardening tool. It is conceivable that the conveyor comprises conveyor rollers.
  • the cleaning station is structurally separate from the heating station. This can be ensured in an advantageous manner that the dissolved by the heating of the workpiece to the cleaning temperature pollutants are spread through the air and then deposited on the plant components of the heating station.
  • FIGS. 1a to 1d show a method of hot or warm forging a workpiece according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1a to 1d A method of hot or warm forging a workpiece 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.
  • a structural or chassis component for a motor vehicle wherein the workpiece 1 as a semi-finished product, in particular in the form of a tailored rolled blank or as in FIG. 1 shown as a sheet metal blank, is provided.
  • the workpiece 1 consists for example of a material which is at least partially made of a boron-manganese steel, in particular 22MnB5.
  • the hot or warm forging it is preferably provided to convert the workpiece 1 in its final or final shape as a component.
  • the workpiece 1 is subjected to a pretreatment.
  • a pretreatment is the coating of the workpiece 1 with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubricant in order to avoid corrosion during the transport of the workpiece.
  • a cutting oil is applied to the workpiece 1 to facilitate a possible blank cutting in advance of hot or warm forging. Due to the pretreatment and other external circumstances, residues, for example of the anticorrosion oil, the lubricant and / or the cutting oil, remain on the workpiece 1.
  • the pretreated workpiece 1 preferably immediately before the heating of the workpiece 1 in a heating station 20, is cleaned in a cleaning step.
  • the cleaning step is started for 60 seconds, preferably 20 seconds and more preferably 5 seconds before the heating of the workpiece 1.
  • FIG. 1b shows a thermal treatment in a cleaning station 10.
  • the cleaning station 10 comprises a burner belt or roller conveyor 4, which is arranged below the workpiece 1 conveyed by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4.
  • the cleaning station 10 preferably has a burner 2, which is arranged above and / or below the transportable workpiece 1. It is further provided that the burner 2 heats the workpiece 1 to a cleaning temperature.
  • the burner 2 is operated in particular with a mixture of a burner gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
  • a burner flame 3 emerges which, for example, directly contacts the workpiece 1 in the cleaning station 10 or is held at a distance from the workpiece.
  • the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 at a position on a recess 6, so that the burner flame 3 can heat the workpiece 1 unhindered.
  • the workpiece 1 is heated on both sides via a respective burner 2 in order to free the surface of the workpiece 1 from residues as far as possible. It is conceivable that the burner 2 moves along a direction perpendicular to a conveying direction of the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 direction, preferably oscillating, to realize the heating along a transverse extent of the workpiece 1 with this movement.
  • the cleaning temperature by setting a conveying speed, with which the workpiece 1 is conveyed by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4, the determination of a distance of the burner 2 from the workpiece 1 and / or by determining an oxygen content of the fuel gas oxygen-containing gas is set or realized.
  • the burner flame 3 of the burner 2 in the cleaning station 10 the workpiece 1 homogeneously, ie uniformly heated along the surface.
  • the cleaning station 10 comprises an exhaust air system to dissipate the generated during the thermal treatment of dirty gases with the exhaust system. This makes it possible to prevent the contaminants contained in the pollutant gas from settling on the plant components of the cleaning station 10.
  • the cleaning station 10 is structurally separate from the heating station 20, as in Figure 1c will be shown.
  • a heating station 20 is shown in the form of a furnace 5, wherein the workpiece 1 for heating within the, preferably closed, furnace 5 is arranged.
  • the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature.
  • the workpiece 1 is heated in the heating station 20 with a further burner or by means of radiation, wherein the further burner is preferably operated with a mixture of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
  • the further burner in the heating station 20 is operated with a technical oxygen whose oxygen content is preferably greater than 75%, particularly preferably greater than 90%.
  • the heating in the heating station 20 can be used to adjust the material properties of the later manufactured component.
  • the workpiece 1 is deliberately heated to a temperature below AC3, in particular below AC1, in order to avoid complete austenitization and / or at least in a second region heated to a temperature above AC3, in order to promote austenitization cause. It is also conceivable that the workpiece 1 is precoated in time after the cleaning step and before the heating in order to provide this precoating for alloy layer formation on the surface of the workpiece 1. Furthermore, it is provided that the cleaning station 10 is connected to the heating station 20 via a conveyor 4. In particular, the cleaned workpiece 1 is conveyed by the conveyor 4 into the oven 5.
  • the workpiece 1 is placed in a, preferably cooled, forming and / or hardening tool 30 and formed there and / or cured, as it is in Figure 1d is shown.
  • the forming and / or hardening tool 30 comprises a tool mold that is matched with the component to be manufactured.
  • the conveying device conveys the workpiece 1 along the conveying direction in a production plant via the cleaning station 10 and the heating station 20 into the forming and / or hardening tool 30.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen eines Werkstücks und eine Fertigungsanlage zum Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen eines Werkstücks.The present invention relates to a method for hot or warm forging a workpiece and a manufacturing plant for hot or warm forging a workpiece.

In der Warm- und Halbwarmumformung werden in der Regel nichtbeschichtete oder beschichtete Werkstoffe eingesetzt. Zur Vermeidung von Korrosion während des Transports kann ein Halbzeug, coil- oder platinenförmig teilweise, vorzugsweise vollständig, mit einem Korrosionsschutzöl bzw. mit Schmierstoffen versehen werden. Zusätzlich lässt sich eine Verschmutzung durch Staub oder Ähnliches, insbesondere in einem Coil- oder Platinenlager, in der Regel ebenfalls kaum vermeiden.In hot and warm forging, non-coated or coated materials are generally used. To avoid corrosion during transport, a semi-finished, coil- or platinum-shaped partially, preferably completely, be provided with a corrosion protection oil or with lubricants. In addition, contamination by dust or the like, in particular in a coil or sinker storage, usually also can hardly be avoided.

Hervorgerufen durch thermische Prozesse, die beim Erreichen der für den Temperierungsprozess gewünschten Temperatur auftreten, erfolgt eine thermische Zerlegung der Substanzen, die sich auf dem Halbzeug abgelagert haben. Infolge dieser thermischen Zerlegung verbleiben Schadstoffe auf dem Halbzeug, die wiederum die Qualität des gefertigten Halbzeugs heruntersetzen. Ein mechanisches Reinigen, beispielsweise mittels Kugelstrahlen, kann dabei die auftretenden Rückstände nicht immer vollständig entfernen bzw. kann insbesondere beschichtete Halbzeuge beeinträchtigen. Weiterhin können hohe Ölrückstände, z. B. durch eine hohe Ölauflage, während der Verarbeitung des Halbzeugs zu einer verstärkten Wasserstoffaufnahme in den Werkstoff führen. Dies kann aufgrund der hohen Festigkeit zu einer Werkstoffversprödung führen. Im Falle einer Mikrobeölung ist dieses Verhalten nicht festzustellen, jedoch kann dann kein ausreichendender Korrosionsschutz sichergestellt werden.Caused by thermal processes that occur when reaching the desired temperature for the tempering process, there is a thermal decomposition of the substances that have deposited on the semi-finished product. As a result of this thermal decomposition, pollutants remain on the semifinished product, which in turn reduce the quality of the finished semifinished product. Mechanical cleaning, for example by means of shot blasting, can not always completely remove the residues that occur or can impair in particular coated semi-finished products. Furthermore, high oil residues, eg. B. lead by a high oil layer, during processing of the semifinished product to an increased hydrogen absorption in the material. This can lead to material embrittlement due to the high strength. In the case of microbubble this behavior can not be determined, but then can not be ensured sufficient corrosion protection.

Beispielsweise sind in den Offenlegungsschriften EP 2 848 715 A1 , DE 10 2013 020419 A1 und DE 10 2011 001 140 A1 gattungsgemäße Verfahren und Vorrichtungen beschrieben.For example, in the published patent applications EP 2 848 715 A1 . DE 10 2013 020419 A1 and DE 10 2011 001 140 A1 generic methods and devices described.

Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention

Es ist eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen eines Werkstücks zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit dem die Qualität des durch das Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen gefertigten Bauteils gegenüber dem Stand der Technik weiter verbessert wird.It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for hot or warm forging a workpiece which further improves the quality of the hot or warm forging manufactured component over the prior art.

Die vorliegende Erfindung löst die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zum Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen eines Werkstücks umfassend die folgenden Verfahrensschritte:

  • Bereitstellen des Werkstücks,
  • zumindest teilweises Vorbehandeln des Werkstücks,
  • zumindest teilweises Erwärmen des Werkstücks auf eine Zieltemperatur in einer Erwärmungsstation und
  • zumindest teilweises Umformen und/oder Härten des Werkstücks,
  • wobei zeitlich zwischen dem Vorbehandeln und dem Erwärmen des Werkstücks das Werkstück zumindest teilweise in einem Reinigungsschritt gereinigt wird.
The present invention solves the problem by a method for hot or warm forging a workpiece comprising the following method steps:
  • Providing the workpiece,
  • at least partial pretreatment of the workpiece,
  • at least partially heating the workpiece to a target temperature in a heating station and
  • at least partial forming and / or hardening of the workpiece,
  • wherein, in time between the pre-treatment and the heating of the workpiece, the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step.

Gegenüber dem Stand der Technik wird das Werkstück zeitlich nach der Vorbehandlung und zeitlich vor dem Erwärmen für das Umformen und/oder Härten gereinigt und dabei insbesondere von Rückständen befreit, die sich durch die Vorbehandlung auf dem Werkstück abgelagert haben. Dadurch wird die Qualität des zeitlich nach dem Umformen des Werkstücks gefertigten Bauteils verbessert, da die Wahrscheinlichkeit für ein Absetzen von Schadstoffen, die sich beim Erwärmen des Werkstücks aus den Rückständen bilden, und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine dauerhafte Schädigung des Werkstücks gesenkt wird. Darüber hinaus können in dem Reinigungsschritt andere Verschmutzungen, wie z. B. Staub, vom Werkstück entfernt werden.Compared to the prior art, the workpiece is cleaned in time after the pretreatment and prior to heating for forming and / or hardening, and in particular freed from residues that have been deposited by the pretreatment on the workpiece. This improves the quality of the component produced in time after the workpiece has been formed, since it reduces the likelihood of settling pollutants which form when the workpiece is heated from the residues, and thus the probability of permanent damage to the workpiece. In addition, in the cleaning step other contaminants, such. As dust, be removed from the workpiece.

Vorzugsweise ist es dabei vorgesehen, dass der Reinigungsschritt unmittelbar vor dem Erwärmen durchgeführt wird. Es ist weiterhin bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück nach dem Umformen und/oder Härten als gefertigtes Bauteil ein Struktur- oder Chassisbauteil eines Kraftfahrzeugs ist. Insbesondere wird das Werkstück als Blechteil, insbesondere als ebene Blechplatine (direkte Warmumformung) bzw. als nahezu seine Endgeometrie aufweisendes Formteil (indirekte Warmumformung), bereitgestellt, wobei die Vorbehandlung zumindest Teil des Herstellungsprozesses des Blechteils ist. Weiterhin ist es vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass gezielt der Teilbereich des Werkstücks, der beim Erwärmen auf die Zieltemperatur erhitzt werden soll, vorzugsweise das Werkstück vollständig, im Reinigungsschritt gereinigt wird. Es ist aber auch vorstellbar, dass solche Teilbereiche des Werkstücks gezielt gereinigt werden, von denen man am gefertigten Bauteil eine verbesserte Oberflächenqualität wünscht.It is preferably provided that the cleaning step is carried out immediately before heating. It is further preferably provided that the workpiece after forming and / or hardening as a manufactured component is a structural or chassis component of a motor vehicle. In particular, the workpiece is provided as a sheet-metal part, in particular as a planar sheet-metal plate (direct hot forming) or as a molded part (indirect hot-forming) that almost has its final geometry, wherein the pretreatment is at least part of the production process of the sheet-metal part. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the partial area of the workpiece, which is to be heated when heating to the target temperature, preferably the workpiece is cleaned completely, in the cleaning step. But it is also conceivable that such portions of the workpiece to be cleaned specifically, of which one wishes the finished component improved surface quality.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück im Reinigungsschritt zumindest teilweise thermisch behandelt wird.According to the invention, it is provided that the workpiece is at least partially thermally treated in the cleaning step.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück im Reinigungsschritt von einem Brenner auf eine Reinigungstemperatur erwärmt wird. Vorzugsweise wird das Werkstück von einem oder mehreren Brennern, vorzugsweise beidseitig, insbesondere allumfänglich und gleichmäßig, erwärmt. Dabei ist es vorstellbar, dass der Brenner beim Erwärmen entlang der Querrichtung oder der Längsrichtung des Werkstücks, vorzugsweise oszillierend, bewegt wird. Durch das bereits beim Reinigen des Werkstücks erfolgende Erwärmen ist für das Erreichen der Zieltemperatur in der Erwärmungsstation vergleichsweise wenig Heizenergie erforderlich. Vorzugsweise ist dabei die Reinigungsstation mit ihrem Brenner räumlich getrennt von der Erwärmungsstation, um zu vermeiden, dass sich die Schadstoffe, die sich in den beim Erwärmen auf die Reinigungstemperatur auftretenden Abgasen befinden, an den Anlagenteilen beim Erwärmen auf die Zieltemperatur ablagern. Es ist aber auch vorstellbar, dass der Reinigungsschritt in der Erwärmungsstation durchgeführt wird, indem der für das Erwärmen verantwortliche Brenner das Werkstück zunächst auf die Reinigungstemperatur erhitzt und anschließend auf die Zieltemperatur, wobei die Zieltemperatur größer ist als die Reinigungstemperatur. Dabei ist es vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass beim Erwärmen des Werkstücks auf eine Reinigungstemperatur die Umgebungsluft des Werkstücks, beispielsweise mittels eines Abzugs, abgesogen wird, um die Schadstoffe abzuführen.According to the invention, it is provided that the workpiece is heated in the cleaning step by a burner to a cleaning temperature. Preferably, the workpiece is heated by one or more burners, preferably on both sides, in particular all-round and evenly. It is conceivable that the burner during the heating along the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, preferably oscillating, is moved. As a result of the heating already taking place when the workpiece is being cleaned, comparatively little heating energy is required to reach the target temperature in the heating station. Preferably, the cleaning station with its burner is spatially separated from the heating station, in order to avoid that the pollutants, which are in the exhaust gases occurring during heating to the cleaning temperature, deposit on the system components when heating to the target temperature. However, it is also conceivable that the cleaning step is performed in the heating station by the burner responsible for heating first heats the workpiece to the cleaning temperature and then to the target temperature, wherein the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature. It is preferably provided that when the workpiece is heated to a cleaning temperature, the ambient air of the workpiece, for example by means of a trigger, is withdrawn to dissipate the pollutants.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen sowie der Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen entnehmbar.Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the dependent claims and the description with reference to the drawings.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück im Reinigungsschritt zumindest teilweise chemisch und/oder mechanisch behandelt wird. Dabei wird die gewählte Reinigungsmethode vorzugsweise derart an das Werkstück angepasst, dass das Reinigen die Eigenschaften des Werkstücks im Wesentlichen unbeeinträchtigt lässt. Dadurch lässt sich in vorteilhafter Weise sicherstellen, dass mit dem Reinigungsschritt keine Maßnahmen getroffen werden, die die Qualität des später gefertigten Bauteils gefährden.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece is at least partially treated chemically and / or mechanically in the cleaning step. In this case, the selected cleaning method is preferably adapted to the workpiece so that the cleaning leaves the properties of the workpiece substantially unimpaired. This makes it possible to ensure in an advantageous manner that no measures are taken with the cleaning step, which jeopardize the quality of the later manufactured component.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück im Reinigungsschritt in einem Reinigungsbad zumindest teilweise gereinigt wird. Bei dieser chemischen Behandlung des Werkstücks werden die Schadstoffe in vorteilhafter Weise in einer Flüssigkeit des Reinigungsbades gebunden. Denkbar ist dabei, dass die Flüssigkeit im Reinigungsbad getauscht wird, indem die Flüssigkeit in das Reinigungsbad hineingeführt und wieder abgelassen wird, beispielsweise in einem Flüssigkeitskreislauf in das Reinigungsbad hineingepumpt und wieder aus dem Reinigungsbad herausgepumpt wird. Durch die Bindung der Schadstoffe an die Flüssigkeit wird in vorteilhafter Weise vermieden, dass sich die Schadstoffe über die Luft verbreiten und sich beispielsweise an Anlagenteilen ablagern. Weiterhin ist es vorstellbar, dass das nasse Werkstück zeitlich vor dem Erwärmen, beispielsweise mit Heißluft, getrocknet wird.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in the cleaning step in a cleaning bath. In this chemical treatment of the workpiece, the pollutants are bound in an advantageous manner in a liquid of the cleaning bath. It is conceivable that the liquid is exchanged in the cleaning bath by the liquid is guided into the cleaning bath and drained again, for example pumped into a liquid circuit in the cleaning bath and pumped out of the cleaning bath again. By the binding of the pollutants to the liquid is advantageously avoided that the pollutants spread over the air and deposit, for example, to parts of the system. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the wet workpiece is dried in time before heating, for example with hot air.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück im Reinigungsschritt gebürstet wird. Es ist für diese mechanische Behandlung im Reinigungsschritt vorstellbar, dass das Werkstück mit der Bürste in Kontakt gebracht wird und das Werkstück in Längsrichtung bewegt wird, wobei sich die Bürste im Wesentlichen entlang der Querrichtung des Werkstücks erstreckt. Dadurch lässt sich der Reinigungsschritt in vorteilhafter Weise in den Transport des Werkstücks zur Erwärmungsstation integrieren, ohne dass es durch den Reinigungsschritt zu wesentlichen Verzögerungen beim Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen kommt. Es ist auch vorstellbar, dass die Bürste oder ein System aus Bürsten am Eingang zur Erwärmungsstation angeordnet ist und dadurch unmittelbar vor dem Erwärmen für das Reinigen des Werkstücks gesorgt wird. Alternativ ist es vorstellbar, dass das Werkstück manuell gereinigt wird. Beim manuellen Reinigen mit einer Bürste können augenscheinlich bemerkbare Rückstände in vorteilhafter Weise ohne großen zusätzlichen Aufwand entfernt werden.According to another embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece is brushed in the cleaning step. It is conceivable for this mechanical treatment in the cleaning step that the workpiece is brought into contact with the brush and the workpiece is moved in the longitudinal direction, wherein the brush extends substantially along the transverse direction of the workpiece. As a result, the cleaning step can be integrated into the transport of the workpiece to the heating station in an advantageous manner without significant delays in hot or warm forging being achieved by the cleaning step. It is also conceivable that the brush or a system of brushes is arranged at the entrance to the heating station and thereby provided for the cleaning of the workpiece immediately before heating. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the workpiece is cleaned manually. When manually cleaning with a brush evidently noticeable residues can be removed advantageously without much additional effort.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück während des Reinigungsschritts transportiert bzw. bewegt wird. Dadurch lässt sich der Reinigungsschritt in vorteilhafter Weise so in das Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen des Werkstücks integrieren, dass potenzielle Verzögerungen durch den Reinigungsschritt möglichst kurz gehalten werden. Handelt es sich bei dem Reinigungsschritt um eine thermische Behandlung ist es vorstellbar, dass das Werkstück mit einem Brennerband entlang der Förderrichtung an einem Brenner vorbeigeführt wird, wobei der Brenner das Werkstück während des Vorbeiführens erwärmt. Insbesondere wird das Werkstück mit einer Fördereinrichtung entlang einer Förderrichtung bewegt und passiert dabei nacheinander die Reinigungsstation, die Erwärmungsstation und erreicht das Umform- und/oder Härtewerkzeug.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece is transported or moved during the cleaning step. As a result, the cleaning step can advantageously be integrated into the hot or warm forging of the workpiece so that potential delays are kept as short as possible by the cleaning step. If the cleaning step is a thermal treatment, it is conceivable that the workpiece is guided past a burner with a burner strip along the conveying direction, the burner heating the workpiece during the passage. In particular, the workpiece is moved with a conveyor along a conveying direction and passes successively the cleaning station, the heating station and reaches the forming and / or hardening tool.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück zeitlich zwischen dem Reinigungsschritt und dem Erwärmen von einer Reinigungsstation zu einer Erwärmungsstation transportiert wird. Im Falle der thermischen Reinigung ist es bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der Transportweg in einer möglichst kurzen Zeit überbrückt wird, um zu vermeiden, dass das Werkstück wieder abkühlt. Insbesondere ist es denkbar, dass die Fördereinrichtung Heizelemente umfasst, die dafür sorgen, dass das Werkstück seine Reinigungstemperatur im Wesentlichen beibehält. Vorzugsweise wird das Werkstück dabei derart transportiert, dass das Werkstück nicht erneut beschmutzt bzw. verunreinigt wird. Insbesondere wird das Werkstück mit einer Fördereinrichtung entlang einer Förderrichtung bewegt und passiert dabei nacheinander die Reinigungsstation, die Erwärmungsstation und erreicht das Umform- und/oder Härtewerkzeug.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece is transported in time between the cleaning step and the heating from a cleaning station to a heating station. In the case of thermal cleaning, it is preferably provided that the transport path is bridged in as short a time as possible in order to avoid that the workpiece cools again. In particular, it is conceivable that the conveyor comprises heating elements, which ensure that the workpiece substantially maintains its cleaning temperature. Preferably, the workpiece is transported in such a way that the workpiece is not polluted again or contaminated. In particular, the workpiece is moved with a conveyor along a conveying direction and passes successively the cleaning station, the heating station and reaches the forming and / or hardening tool.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück beim Erwärmen für das Umformen und/oder Härten mit einem weiteren Brenner auf die Zieltemperatur erwärmt wird. Vorzugsweise wird als Zieltemperatur eine Temperatur zwischen 600 °C und 900 °C gewählt. Wird vorzugsweise ein Mangan-Bor-Stahlwerkstoff eingesetzt, ist es vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Zieltemperatur oberhalb von AC3 erreicht wird, um das Gefüge vollständig in Austenit umzuwandeln. Liegt die Zieltemperatur unterhalb von AC3 und oberhalb von AC1, stellt sich ein Mischgefüge aus Austenit und Ferrit ein. Beispielsweise ist es vorgesehen, dass die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Werkstück auf die Reinigungstemperatur erwärmt wird, bei Verwendung eines Brenners größer ist als die Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Werkstück auf die Zieltemperaturerwärmt wird, insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Strahlungsofens.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece when heated for the forming and / or hardening with another burner to the target temperature is heated. Preferably, a temperature between 600 ° C and 900 ° C is selected as the target temperature. If a manganese-boron steel material is preferably used, it is preferably provided that the target temperature above AC3 is reached in order to convert the microstructure completely into austenite. If the target temperature is below AC3 and above AC1, a mixed structure of austenite and ferrite is established. For example, it is contemplated that the speed at which the workpiece is heated to the cleaning temperature when using a burner is greater than the rate at which the workpiece is heated to the target temperature, particularly when using a radiant oven.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück mit einem Schutzwerkstoff beschichtet und/oder insbesondere zumindest teilweise mit einem Korrosionsschutzöl beschichtet wird, um eine Korrosion beim Transport zu vermeiden.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece is coated with a protective material and / or in particular at least partially coated with a corrosion protection oil in order to prevent corrosion during transport.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass der Brenner und/oder der weitere Brenner mit einem Brenngas und einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas betrieben wird. Vorzugsweise wird die Heizleistung des Brenners und/oder des weiteren Brenners über das Mischungsverhältnis aus dem Brenngas und dem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas eingestellt. Insbesondere wird über einen Sauerstoffgehalt die maximale Temperatur in einer Brennflamme des Brenners und/oder des weiteren Brenners festgelegt. Dabei ist es beispielsweise vorgesehen, dass dem weiteren Brenner ein technisches Sauerstoffgemisch zugeführt wird, wobei der Sauerstoffgehalt vorzugsweise größer als 70 % bzw. besonders bevorzugt größer als 90 % ist. Weiterhin ist es vorgesehen, dass zum Erreichen der Zieltemperatur mit einer gewünschten Geschwindigkeit, mit der das Werkstück erwärmt wird, der Abstand zwischen Brenner und Werkstück, der Sauerstoffgehalt und/oder eine Fördergeschwindigkeit des entlang der Förderrichtung beförderten Werkstücks entsprechend eingestellt werden.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the burner and / or the further burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas. Preferably, the heating power of the burner and / or the further burner via the mixing ratio of the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas is adjusted. In particular, the maximum temperature in a combustion flame of the burner and / or of the further burner is determined via an oxygen content. In this case, for example, it is provided that a technical oxygen mixture is supplied to the further burner, wherein the oxygen content is preferably greater than 70% or particularly preferably greater than 90%. It is further provided that to achieve the target temperature at a desired speed with which the workpiece is heated, the distance between burner and workpiece, the oxygen content and / or a conveying speed of the conveyed along the conveying direction workpiece are set accordingly.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück für das Umformen und/oder Härten in einem Umform-/Härtewerkzeug angeordnet wird. Vorzugsweise ist das Umform-/Härtewerkzeug zumindest teilweise gekühlt und sorgt dadurch in vorteilhafter Weise beispielsweise für ein partielles Härten des Werkstücks.According to another embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the workpiece for forming and / or curing in a forming / hardening tool is arranged. Preferably, the forming / hardening tool is at least partially cooled and thereby provides advantageously for example for a partial hardening of the workpiece.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass als Werkstück eine Blechplatine verwendet wird. Beispielsweise handelt es sich bei dem Werkstück um ein Werkstück, das im Wesentlichen aus einem Mangan-Bor-Stahl, insbesondere 22MnB5, gefertigt ist, oder um eine Blechplatine mit höherem Kohlenstoffgehalt.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that a sheet metal blank is used as the workpiece. By way of example, the workpiece is a workpiece which is essentially made of a manganese-boron steel, in particular 22MnB5, or a sheet metal plate with a higher carbon content.

Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Fertigungsanlage zum Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen eines Werkstücks, insbesondere zum Durchführen eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wobei die Fertigungsanlage eine Reinigungsstation zur Reinigung eines Werkstücks und eine Erwärmungsstation zur Erwärmung des gereinigten Werkstücks umfasst. Die Reinigungsstation ist zur thermischen Behandlung des Werkstücks geeignet, wobei die Reinigungsstation einen Brenner aufweist.A further subject of the present invention is a production plant for hot or warm forging of a workpiece, in particular for carrying out a method according to the invention, wherein the manufacturing plant comprises a cleaning station for cleaning a workpiece and a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece. The cleaning station is suitable for the thermal treatment of the workpiece, wherein the cleaning station has a burner.

Gegenüber dem Stand der Technik hat die erfindungsgemäße Fertigungsanlage den Vorteil, dass mittels der Reinigungsstation dafür gesorgt werden kann, dass mögliche Rückstände von einer Vorbehandlung des Werkstücks entfernt werden und so die Menge an potenziellen Schadstoffen, die die Qualität des später gefertigten Bauteils beeinträchtigen könnten, in vorteilhafter Weise reduziert wird.Compared to the prior art, the manufacturing plant according to the invention has the advantage that it can be ensured by means of the cleaning station that possible residues are removed from a pretreatment of the workpiece and so the amount of potential pollutants that could affect the quality of the later manufactured component in advantageously reduced.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass die Fertigungsanlage eine Fördereinrichtung umfasst. Mit der Fördereinrichtung lässt sich das Werkstück in vorteilhafter Weise über die Reinigungsstation und die Erwärmungsstation zum Umform-/Härtewerkzeug transportieren. Dabei ist es vorstellbar, dass die Fördereinrichtung Förderrollen umfasst.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the manufacturing plant comprises a conveyor. With the conveyor, the workpiece can be advantageously transported via the cleaning station and the heating station for forming / hardening tool. It is conceivable that the conveyor comprises conveyor rollers.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass die Reinigungsstation baulich getrennt ist von der Erwärmungsstation. Dadurch kann in vorteilhafter Weise sichergestellt werden, dass die durch das Erwärmen des Werkstücks auf die Reinigungstemperatur gelösten Schadstoffe über die Luft verbreitet werden und sich anschließend an den Anlagenbauteilen der Erwärmungsstation ablagern.According to another embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the cleaning station is structurally separate from the heating station. This can be ensured in an advantageous manner that the dissolved by the heating of the workpiece to the cleaning temperature pollutants are spread through the air and then deposited on the plant components of the heating station.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Zeichnungen sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen anhand der Zeichnungen. Die Zeichnungen illustrieren dabei lediglich beispielhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung, welche den Erfindungsgedanken nicht einschränken.Further details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the drawings and from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of the invention, which do not limit the inventive concept.

Kurze Beschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Die Figuren 1a bis 1d zeigen ein Verfahren zum Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen eines Werkstücks gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung.The FIGS. 1a to 1d show a method of hot or warm forging a workpiece according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention

In den verschiedenen Figuren sind gleiche Teile stets mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen und werden daher in der Regel auch jeweils nur einmal benannt bzw. erwähnt.In the various figures, the same parts are always provided with the same reference numerals and are therefore usually named or mentioned only once in each case.

In den Figuren 1a bis 1d ist ein Verfahren zum Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen eines Werkstücks 1 gemäß einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dargestellt. Dabei handelt es sich hier beispielsweise um ein Struktur- oder Chassisbauteil für ein Kraftfahrzeug, wobei das Werkstück 1 als Halbzeug, insbesondere in Form eines tailored rolled blank oder wie in Figur 1 dargestellt als Blechplatine, bereitgestellt wird. Dabei besteht das Werkstück 1 beispielsweise aus einem Werkstoff, der zumindest teilweise aus einem Bor-Mangan-Stahl, insbesondere 22MnB5, gefertigt ist. Durch das Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen ist es bevorzugt vorgesehen, das Werkstück 1 in seine finale bzw. endgültige Form als Bauteil zu überführen. Um die Eigenschaften und/oder die Form des später gefertigten Bauteils nicht zu beeinflussen, wird das Werkstück 1 einer Vorbehandlung unterzogen. Ein Beispiel für eine solche Vorbehandlung ist das Beschichten des Werkstücks 1 mit einem Korrosionsschutzöl bzw. mit einem Schmierstoff, um eine Korrosion während des Transports des Werkstücks zu vermeiden. Ein anderes Beispiel für die Vorbehandlung ist das Auftragen eines Schneidöls auf das Werkstück 1, um einen möglichen Platinenzuschnitt im Vorfeld der Warm- oder Halbwarmumformung zu erleichtern. Durch die Vorbehandlung und durch andere äußere Umstände verbleiben Rückstände, beispielsweise von dem Korrosionsschutzöl, dem Schmierstoff und/oder dem Schneidöl, auf dem Werkstück 1 zurück. Bei einem für das Warm- oder Halbwarmumformen erforderlichen Erwärmen des Werkstücks 1 würden diese Rückstände als Schadstoffe zu Schäden oder Beeinträchtigungen, beispielsweise in Form einer Werkstoffversprödung, am gefertigten Bauteil führen. Zur Vermeidung solcher Beeinträchtigungen ist es vorgesehen, dass das vorbehandelte Werkstück 1, vorzugsweise unmittelbar vor dem Erwärmen des Werkstücks 1 in einer Erwärmungsstation 20, in einem Reinigungsschritt gereinigt wird. Vorzugsweise wird mit dem Reinigungsschritt 60 Sekunden, bevorzugt 20 Sekunden und besonders bevorzugt 5 Sekunden vor dem Erwärmen des Werkstücks 1 begonnen.In the FIGS. 1a to 1d A method of hot or warm forging a workpiece 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Here, for example, a structural or chassis component for a motor vehicle, wherein the workpiece 1 as a semi-finished product, in particular in the form of a tailored rolled blank or as in FIG. 1 shown as a sheet metal blank, is provided. In this case, the workpiece 1 consists for example of a material which is at least partially made of a boron-manganese steel, in particular 22MnB5. By the hot or warm forging, it is preferably provided to convert the workpiece 1 in its final or final shape as a component. In order not to influence the properties and / or the shape of the later manufactured component, the workpiece 1 is subjected to a pretreatment. An example of such a pretreatment is the coating of the workpiece 1 with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubricant in order to avoid corrosion during the transport of the workpiece. Another example of the pretreatment is the application of a cutting oil to the workpiece 1 to facilitate a possible blank cutting in advance of hot or warm forging. Due to the pretreatment and other external circumstances, residues, for example of the anticorrosion oil, the lubricant and / or the cutting oil, remain on the workpiece 1. In a required for hot or warm forging warming of the workpiece 1, these residues would lead as pollutants to damage or impairment, for example in the form of a material embrittlement on the manufactured component. To avoid such impairments, it is provided that the pretreated workpiece 1, preferably immediately before the heating of the workpiece 1 in a heating station 20, is cleaned in a cleaning step. Preferably, the cleaning step is started for 60 seconds, preferably 20 seconds and more preferably 5 seconds before the heating of the workpiece 1.

Als Beispiel für einen Reinigungsschritt zeigt die Ausführungsform in den Figuren 1a bis 1d in der Figur 1b eine thermische Behandlung in einer Reinigungsstation 10. In der vorliegenden Ausführungsform umfasst die Reinigungsstation 10 ein Brennerband oder Rollengang 4, das unterhalb des vom Brennerband oder Rollenganges 4 geförderten Werkstücks 1 angeordnet ist. Weiterhin weist die Reinigungsstation 10 vorzugsweise einen Brenner 2 auf, der ober- und/oder unterhalb des beförderbaren Werkstücks 1 angeordnet ist. Dabei ist es weiterhin vorgesehen, dass der Brenner 2 das Werkstück 1 auf eine Reinigungstemperatur erwärmt. Dazu wird der Brenner 2 insbesondere mit einem Gemisch aus einem Brennergas und einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas betrieben. Weiterhin tritt bei der Nutzung eines Brenners 2 zum Erwärmen des Werkstücks 1 auf die Reinigungstemperatur eine Brennerflamme 3 aus, die beispielsweise das Werkstück 1 in der Reinigungsstation 10 direkt kontaktiert oder auf Abstand zum Werkstück gehalten wird. Insbesondere weist das Brennerband oder Rollengang 4 an einer Position eine Aussparung 6 auf, damit die Brennerflamme 3 ungehindert das Werkstück 1 erwärmen kann. Weiterhin ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück 1 beidseitig über jeweils einen Brenner 2 erwärmt wird, um möglichst allumfänglich die Oberfläche des Werkstücks 1 von Rückständen zu befreien. Dabei ist es vorstellbar, dass sich der Brenner 2 entlang einer senkrecht zu einer Förderrichtung des Brennerbandes oder Rollenganges 4 verlaufenden Richtung, vorzugsweise oszillierend, bewegt, um mit dieser Bewegung die Erwärmung entlang einer Quererstreckung des Werkstücks 1 zu realisieren. Insbesondere ist es vorstellbar, dass die Reinigungstemperatur durch die Festlegung einer Fördergeschwindigkeit, mit der das Werkstück 1 von dem Brennerband oder Rollengang 4 befördert wird, der Festlegung eines Abstands des Brenners 2 vom Werkstück 1 und/oder durch die Festlegung eines Sauerstoffgehalts des dem Brenngas beigemischten sauerstoffhaltigen Gases eingestellt bzw. realisiert wird. Weiterhin ist es vorzugsweise vorgesehen, dass die Brennerflamme 3 des Brenners 2 in der Reinigungsstation 10 das Werkstück 1 homogen, d.h. gleichmäßig entlang der Oberfläche, erwärmt. Weiterhin ist es vorstellbar, dass die Reinigungsstation 10 ein Abluftsystem umfasst, um die bei der thermischen Behandlung entstehenden Schmutzgase mit dem Abluftsystem abzuführen. Damit lässt sich vermeiden, dass die in dem Schmutzgas enthaltenden Schadstoffe sich auf den Anlagenbauteilen der Reinigungsstation 10 absetzen. Um weiter zu vermeiden, dass sich die im Schmutzgas enthaltenen Schadstoffe auf Anlagenbauteilen ablagern, die beispielsweise in einer Erwärmungsstation 20 angeordnet sind, ist in der dargestellten Ausführungsform die Reinigungsstation 10 baulich getrennt von der Erwärmungsstation 20, wie es in Figur 1c gezeigt wird.As an example of a cleaning step, the embodiment in FIGS FIGS. 1a to 1d FIG. 1b shows a thermal treatment in a cleaning station 10. In the present embodiment, the cleaning station 10 comprises a burner belt or roller conveyor 4, which is arranged below the workpiece 1 conveyed by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4. Furthermore, the cleaning station 10 preferably has a burner 2, which is arranged above and / or below the transportable workpiece 1. It is further provided that the burner 2 heats the workpiece 1 to a cleaning temperature. For this purpose, the burner 2 is operated in particular with a mixture of a burner gas and an oxygen-containing gas. Furthermore, when using a burner 2 for heating the workpiece 1 to the cleaning temperature, a burner flame 3 emerges which, for example, directly contacts the workpiece 1 in the cleaning station 10 or is held at a distance from the workpiece. In particular, the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 at a position on a recess 6, so that the burner flame 3 can heat the workpiece 1 unhindered. Furthermore, it is provided that the workpiece 1 is heated on both sides via a respective burner 2 in order to free the surface of the workpiece 1 from residues as far as possible. It is conceivable that the burner 2 moves along a direction perpendicular to a conveying direction of the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 direction, preferably oscillating, to realize the heating along a transverse extent of the workpiece 1 with this movement. In particular, it is conceivable that the cleaning temperature by setting a conveying speed, with which the workpiece 1 is conveyed by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4, the determination of a distance of the burner 2 from the workpiece 1 and / or by determining an oxygen content of the fuel gas oxygen-containing gas is set or realized. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the burner flame 3 of the burner 2 in the cleaning station 10, the workpiece 1 homogeneously, ie uniformly heated along the surface. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the cleaning station 10 comprises an exhaust air system to dissipate the generated during the thermal treatment of dirty gases with the exhaust system. This makes it possible to prevent the contaminants contained in the pollutant gas from settling on the plant components of the cleaning station 10. In order to further avoid that the pollutants contained in the waste gas deposit on plant components, which are arranged for example in a heating station 20, in the illustrated embodiment, the cleaning station 10 is structurally separate from the heating station 20, as in Figure 1c will be shown.

In Figur 1c ist eine Erwärmungsstation 20 in Form eines Ofens 5 dargestellt, wobei das Werkstück 1 zum Erwärmen innerhalb des, vorzugsweise geschlossenen, Ofens 5 angeordnet wird. Insbesondere ist es vorgesehen, dass die Zieltemperatur größer ist als die Reinigungstemperatur. Weiterhin ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück 1 in der Erwärmungsstation 20 mit einem weiteren Brenner oder mittels Strahlung erwärmt wird, wobei der weitere Brenner vorzugsweise mit einem Gemisch aus einem Brenngas und einem sauerstoffhaltigen Gas betrieben wird. Insbesondere wird der weitere Brenner in der Erwärmungsstation 20 mit einem technischen Sauerstoff, dessen Sauerstoffgehalt bevorzugt größer ist als 75 %, besonders bevorzugt größer als 90 %, betrieben. Beispielsweise kann das Erwärmen in der Erwärmungsstation 20 zur Einstellung von materiellen Eigenschaften des später gefertigten Bauteils genutzt werden. Beispielsweise wird das Werkstück 1 zumindest in einem ersten Bereich gezielt auf eine Temperatur unterhalb von AC3, insbesondere unterhalb von AC1 erwärmt, um eine vollständige Austenitisierung zu vermeiden und/oder zumindest in einem zweiten Bereich auf eine Temperatur oberhalb von AC3 erwärmt, um eine Austenitsisierung zu veranlassen. Denkbar ist auch, dass das Werkstück 1 zeitlich nach dem Reinigungsschritt und zeitlich vor dem Erwärmen vorbeschichtet wird, um mit dieser Vorbeschichtung für eine Legierungsschichtausbildung auf der Oberfläche des Werkstücks 1 zu sorgen. Weiterhin ist es vorgesehen, dass die Reinigungsstation 10 mit der Erwärmungsstation 20 über eine Fördereinrichtung 4 verbunden ist. Insbesondere wird das gereinigte Werkstück 1 von der Fördereinrichtung 4 in den Ofen 5 befördert.In Figure 1c a heating station 20 is shown in the form of a furnace 5, wherein the workpiece 1 for heating within the, preferably closed, furnace 5 is arranged. In particular, it is provided that the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature. Furthermore, it is provided that the workpiece 1 is heated in the heating station 20 with a further burner or by means of radiation, wherein the further burner is preferably operated with a mixture of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas. In particular, the further burner in the heating station 20 is operated with a technical oxygen whose oxygen content is preferably greater than 75%, particularly preferably greater than 90%. For example, the heating in the heating station 20 can be used to adjust the material properties of the later manufactured component. For example, at least in a first region, the workpiece 1 is deliberately heated to a temperature below AC3, in particular below AC1, in order to avoid complete austenitization and / or at least in a second region heated to a temperature above AC3, in order to promote austenitization cause. It is also conceivable that the workpiece 1 is precoated in time after the cleaning step and before the heating in order to provide this precoating for alloy layer formation on the surface of the workpiece 1. Furthermore, it is provided that the cleaning station 10 is connected to the heating station 20 via a conveyor 4. In particular, the cleaned workpiece 1 is conveyed by the conveyor 4 into the oven 5.

Nach dem Erwärmen des gereinigten Werkzeugstücks 1 ist es vorgesehen, dass das Werkstück 1 in ein, vorzugsweise gekühltes, Umform- und/oder Härtewerkzeug 30 eingelegt und dort umgeformt und/oder gehärtet wird, wie es in Figur 1d dargestellt ist. Insbesondere umfasst das Umform- und/oder Härtewerkzeug 30 eine Werkzeugform, die abgestimmt ist mit dem zu fertigenden Bauteil. Weiterhin ist es vorstellbar, dass die Fördereinrichtung das Werkstück 1 entlang der Förderrichtung in einer Fertigungsanlage über die Reinigungsstation 10 und die Erwärmungsstation 20 in das Umform- und/oder Härtewerkzeug 30 befördert.After heating the cleaned tool piece 1, it is provided that the workpiece 1 is placed in a, preferably cooled, forming and / or hardening tool 30 and formed there and / or cured, as it is in Figure 1d is shown. In particular, the forming and / or hardening tool 30 comprises a tool mold that is matched with the component to be manufactured. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the conveying device conveys the workpiece 1 along the conveying direction in a production plant via the cleaning station 10 and the heating station 20 into the forming and / or hardening tool 30.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Werkstückworkpiece
22
Brennerburner
33
Brennerflammeburner flame
44
Fördereinrichtung, Brennerband, RollengangConveyor, burner belt, roller conveyor
55
Ofenoven
66
Aussparungrecess
1010
Reinigungsstationcleaning station
2020
Erwärmungsstationheating station
3030
Umform- und/oder HärtewerkzeugForming and / or hardening tool

Claims (15)

  1. Method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece (1), comprising the following steps:
    providing of the workpiece (1),
    at least partial pretreating of the workpiece (1),
    at least partial heating of the workpiece (1) to a target temperature in a heating station (20) and
    at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece (1),
    wherein the workpiece (1) is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece (1),
    characterized in that the workpiece (1) in the cleaning step is at least partially thermally treated, wherein the workpiece (1) in the cleaning step is heated by a burner (2) to a cleaning temperature.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, wherein the workpiece (1) in the cleaning step is at least partially chemically and/or mechanically treated.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) in the cleaning step is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning bath.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) in the cleaning step is brushed.
  5. Method according to Claim 1, wherein the burner (2) is moved preferably in an oscillating manner the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction of the workpiece (1) during the heating.
  6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) is transported during the cleaning step.
  7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) is transported from a cleaning station (10) to a heating station (20) between the cleaning step and the heating.
  8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) is heated by an additional burner to the target temperature.
  9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) is coated with a protective material and/or coated with a corrosion protection oil.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 1, 5 to 9, wherein the burner (2) and/or the additional burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
  11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) is arranged in a forming and/or hardening die (30) for the forming and/or hardening.
  12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the workpiece (1) used is a flat metal sheet.
  13. Production plant for hot or warm forming of a workpiece (1), for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the production plant comprises a cleaning station (10) for cleaning a workpiece and a heating station (20) for heating the cleaned workpiece, characterized in that the cleaning station (10) is suitable for thermal treatment of the workpiece (1), wherein the cleaning station (10) has a burner (2).
  14. Production plant according to Claim 13, wherein the production plant comprises a conveying mechanism (4).
  15. Production plant according to Claim 13 or 14, wherein the cleaning station (10) is structurally separate from the heating station (20).
EP15794508.0A 2014-11-19 2015-11-05 Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece Active EP3221474B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15794508T PL3221474T3 (en) 2014-11-19 2015-11-05 Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014116950.6A DE102014116950B4 (en) 2014-11-19 2014-11-19 A process for hot or warm forging a workpiece and manufacturing plant for hot or warm forging a workpiece
PCT/EP2015/075809 WO2016078924A1 (en) 2014-11-19 2015-11-05 Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece

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EP3221474A1 EP3221474A1 (en) 2017-09-27
EP3221474B1 true EP3221474B1 (en) 2019-02-27

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EP (1) EP3221474B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2018501960A (en)
KR (1) KR20170087903A (en)
CN (1) CN107109505A (en)
BR (1) BR112017008386A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2961869C (en)
DE (1) DE102014116950B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2724986T3 (en)
MX (1) MX2017005307A (en)
PL (1) PL3221474T3 (en)
TR (1) TR201907458T4 (en)
WO (1) WO2016078924A1 (en)

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DE102016218957A1 (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 Thyssenkrupp Ag Temporary corrosion protection layer

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JPS5913570B2 (en) * 1976-12-02 1984-03-30 新日本製鐵株式会社 Annealing method for strip welds
JPH06280070A (en) * 1993-03-30 1994-10-04 Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd Manufacture of metal corrugate sheath cable
JP3252047B2 (en) * 1994-03-07 2002-01-28 日新製鋼株式会社 Degreasing and cleaning method for metal strip
SE527771C2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2006-05-30 Aga Ab Procedure for the manufacture of elongated steel products
DE102006005063A1 (en) * 2006-02-03 2007-08-09 Linde Ag Process for the heat treatment of steel strip
JP4840089B2 (en) * 2006-11-08 2011-12-21 住友金属工業株式会社 Manufacturing method of molded products
JP2011032536A (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-17 Neturen Co Ltd Method of combined heat treatment of quench-hardened steel member, and quench-hardened steel member
DE102011001140A1 (en) * 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Flat steel product, method for producing a flat steel product and method for producing a component
HUE035766T2 (en) * 2011-03-10 2018-05-28 Schwartz Gmbh Oven system and process for partially heating steel blanks
DE102013002121B4 (en) * 2013-02-08 2015-04-02 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method and pressing tool for the production of aluminum body components and car body component
EP2848715B1 (en) * 2013-09-13 2018-10-31 ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG Method for producing a steel component with an anti-corrosive metal coating
DE102013020419A1 (en) * 2013-12-05 2014-07-24 Daimler Ag Method for heating of workpiece such as sheet metal e.g. metal plate, involves heating workpiece in heating zone immediately after drying cleaned workpiece
JP5842942B2 (en) * 2014-02-03 2016-01-13 Jfeスチール株式会社 Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent plating adhesion and method for producing the same

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EP3221474A1 (en) 2017-09-27
DE102014116950A1 (en) 2016-05-19
MX2017005307A (en) 2017-07-28
DE102014116950B4 (en) 2018-02-15
KR20170087903A (en) 2017-07-31
CA2961869C (en) 2019-07-16
CA2961869A1 (en) 2016-05-26
BR112017008386A2 (en) 2018-02-14
JP2018501960A (en) 2018-01-25
CN107109505A (en) 2017-08-29
US20170321295A1 (en) 2017-11-09
ES2724986T3 (en) 2019-09-18
PL3221474T3 (en) 2019-09-30
TR201907458T4 (en) 2019-06-21
WO2016078924A1 (en) 2016-05-26

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