CA2961869C - Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece - Google Patents
Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2961869C CA2961869C CA2961869A CA2961869A CA2961869C CA 2961869 C CA2961869 C CA 2961869C CA 2961869 A CA2961869 A CA 2961869A CA 2961869 A CA2961869 A CA 2961869A CA 2961869 C CA2961869 C CA 2961869C
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- workpiece
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010730 cutting oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron;manganese Chemical compound [Mn]#B PALQHNLJJQMCIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000712 Boron steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools, brushes, or analogous members
-
- B08B1/12—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/72—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment during chemical change of surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
Abstract
The disclosure relates to a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, comprising the following steps:
providing of the workpiece to be formed, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece.
providing of the workpiece to be formed, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece.
Description
Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece Technical Field The present disclosure concerns a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece and a production plant for hot or warm forming of a workpiece.
Background In hot and warm forming, uncoated or coated materials are generally used. To avoid corrosion during transport, a semifabricated piece in the form of a coil or a sheet can be provided partially, preferably entirely, with a corro-sion protection oil or with lubricants. In addition, a contamination with dust or the like, especially in a coil or sheet warehouse, can likewise hardly be avoided as a rule.
Caused by thermal processes which occur upon reaching the desired temperature for the tempering process, a thermal decomposition of the substances which have been deposited on the semifabricated piece occurs. As a result of this thermal decomposition, contaminants remain on the semifabricated piece, which in turn reduce the quality of the fabricated semifabricated piece. A mechanical cleaning, such as by shot blasting, cannot always entirely remove the residues which occur, or it may in particular impair semifabricated pieces which are coated.
Furthermore, large oil residues, such as those due to a large oil film, may lead to an intensified hydrogen absorp-tion in the material during the processing of the semifinished piece. This may result in material embrittlement on account of the high strength. In the case of a micro-oiling, this behavior is not found, but then no adequate corro-sion protection can be assured.
Summary One object of selected embodiments is to provide a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece with which the quality of the piece fabricated by the hot or warm forming is further improved beyond that of the prior art.
An exemplary embodiment provides a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, comprising the follow-ing method steps:
providing of the workpiece, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature in a heating station and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece,
Background In hot and warm forming, uncoated or coated materials are generally used. To avoid corrosion during transport, a semifabricated piece in the form of a coil or a sheet can be provided partially, preferably entirely, with a corro-sion protection oil or with lubricants. In addition, a contamination with dust or the like, especially in a coil or sheet warehouse, can likewise hardly be avoided as a rule.
Caused by thermal processes which occur upon reaching the desired temperature for the tempering process, a thermal decomposition of the substances which have been deposited on the semifabricated piece occurs. As a result of this thermal decomposition, contaminants remain on the semifabricated piece, which in turn reduce the quality of the fabricated semifabricated piece. A mechanical cleaning, such as by shot blasting, cannot always entirely remove the residues which occur, or it may in particular impair semifabricated pieces which are coated.
Furthermore, large oil residues, such as those due to a large oil film, may lead to an intensified hydrogen absorp-tion in the material during the processing of the semifinished piece. This may result in material embrittlement on account of the high strength. In the case of a micro-oiling, this behavior is not found, but then no adequate corro-sion protection can be assured.
Summary One object of selected embodiments is to provide a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece with which the quality of the piece fabricated by the hot or warm forming is further improved beyond that of the prior art.
An exemplary embodiment provides a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, comprising the follow-ing method steps:
providing of the workpiece, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature in a heating station and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece,
2 wherein the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece.
Another exemplary embodiment provides a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, comprising the following steps: providing of the workpiece, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is coated with a protective material and/or coated with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubricant or cutting oil.
at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature in a heating station and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece, characterized in that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially thermally treated, wherein the workpiece in the cleaning step is heated by a burner to a cleaning temperature.
In another embodiment there is provided a production plant for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, wherein the production plant comprises a clean-ing station for cleaning a workpiece, a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece and a forming and/or hardening die for forming and/or hardening the heated workpiece, wherein the cleaning station is suitable for a thermal treatment, wherein the cleaning station comprises a burner.
As compared to the prior art, the workpiece is cleaned after the pretreating and before the heating for the forming and/or hardening and in particular is thereby freed of residues which have become deposited due to the pretreat-ment on the workpiece. In this way, the quality of the part fabricated after the forming of the workpiece is im-proved, since the likelihood of a depositing of contaminants which form from the residues during the heating of the workpiece and thus the likelihood of a permanent impairment of the workpiece is reduced. Furthermore, other contaminations such as dust can be removed from the workpiece in the cleaning step.
Preferably, it is provided that the cleaning step is done immediately before the heating. It is furthermore prefera-bly provided that the workpiece as a finished part after the forming and/or hardening is a structural or chassis part of a motor vehicle. In particular, the workpiece is provided as a sheet metal piece, especially a flat metal sheet (direct hot forming) or a formed part having practically its final geometry (indirect hot forming), and the pretreatment is at least part of the manufacturing process for the sheet metal piece. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the partial region of the workpiece which is supposed to be heated during the heating to the target temperature, preferably the entire workpiece, is specifically cleaned in the cleaning step. But it is also conceiva-ble to clean specifically those partial regions of the workpiece for which an improved surface quality is desired on the finished part.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially chemically, mechanically and/or thermally treated. The chosen cleaning method is thereby preferably adapted to the workpiece such that the cleaning leaves the properties of the workpiece substantially unimpaired. In this way, one can advantageously ensure that no steps are taken with the cleaning step which endanger the quality of the subsequently fabricated part.
2a According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning bath. During this chemical treatment of the workpiece, the contaminants are advantageous-ly bound in a liquid of the cleaning bath. It is conceivable that the liquid in the cleaning bath will be exchanged by bringing the liquid into the cleaning bath and draining it out once more, for example it is pumped in a liquid circuit into the cleaning bath and again pumped out from the cleaning bath.
Thanks to the binding of the contam-inants to the liquid, it is advantageously prevented that the contaminants spread via the air and become deposited for example on plant parts. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the wet workpiece will be dried, for example with hot air, before the heating.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is in the cleaning step brushed. For this mechanical treatment in the cleaning step, it is conceivable that the workpiece is brought into contact with the brush and the workpiece is moved in the longitudinal direction, while the brush extends substantially along the transverse direction of the workpiece. In this way, the cleaning step can be advantageously integrated in the transport of the workpiece to the heating station, without the cleaning step occasioning any significant delay in
Another exemplary embodiment provides a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, comprising the following steps: providing of the workpiece, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is coated with a protective material and/or coated with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubricant or cutting oil.
at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature in a heating station and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece, characterized in that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially thermally treated, wherein the workpiece in the cleaning step is heated by a burner to a cleaning temperature.
In another embodiment there is provided a production plant for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, wherein the production plant comprises a clean-ing station for cleaning a workpiece, a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece and a forming and/or hardening die for forming and/or hardening the heated workpiece, wherein the cleaning station is suitable for a thermal treatment, wherein the cleaning station comprises a burner.
As compared to the prior art, the workpiece is cleaned after the pretreating and before the heating for the forming and/or hardening and in particular is thereby freed of residues which have become deposited due to the pretreat-ment on the workpiece. In this way, the quality of the part fabricated after the forming of the workpiece is im-proved, since the likelihood of a depositing of contaminants which form from the residues during the heating of the workpiece and thus the likelihood of a permanent impairment of the workpiece is reduced. Furthermore, other contaminations such as dust can be removed from the workpiece in the cleaning step.
Preferably, it is provided that the cleaning step is done immediately before the heating. It is furthermore prefera-bly provided that the workpiece as a finished part after the forming and/or hardening is a structural or chassis part of a motor vehicle. In particular, the workpiece is provided as a sheet metal piece, especially a flat metal sheet (direct hot forming) or a formed part having practically its final geometry (indirect hot forming), and the pretreatment is at least part of the manufacturing process for the sheet metal piece. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the partial region of the workpiece which is supposed to be heated during the heating to the target temperature, preferably the entire workpiece, is specifically cleaned in the cleaning step. But it is also conceiva-ble to clean specifically those partial regions of the workpiece for which an improved surface quality is desired on the finished part.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially chemically, mechanically and/or thermally treated. The chosen cleaning method is thereby preferably adapted to the workpiece such that the cleaning leaves the properties of the workpiece substantially unimpaired. In this way, one can advantageously ensure that no steps are taken with the cleaning step which endanger the quality of the subsequently fabricated part.
2a According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning bath. During this chemical treatment of the workpiece, the contaminants are advantageous-ly bound in a liquid of the cleaning bath. It is conceivable that the liquid in the cleaning bath will be exchanged by bringing the liquid into the cleaning bath and draining it out once more, for example it is pumped in a liquid circuit into the cleaning bath and again pumped out from the cleaning bath.
Thanks to the binding of the contam-inants to the liquid, it is advantageously prevented that the contaminants spread via the air and become deposited for example on plant parts. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the wet workpiece will be dried, for example with hot air, before the heating.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is in the cleaning step brushed. For this mechanical treatment in the cleaning step, it is conceivable that the workpiece is brought into contact with the brush and the workpiece is moved in the longitudinal direction, while the brush extends substantially along the transverse direction of the workpiece. In this way, the cleaning step can be advantageously integrated in the transport of the workpiece to the heating station, without the cleaning step occasioning any significant delay in
3 the hot or warm forming. It is also conceivable that the brush or a system of brushes are arranged at the entrance to the heating station and in this way the cleaning of the workpiece is provided immediately before the heating.
Alternatively, it is conceivable that the workpiece is cleaned manually. In manual cleaning with a brush, residues visible to the naked eye can be advantageously removed without major additional effort.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece in the cleaning step is heated by a burner to a cleaning temperature. Preferably the workpiece is heated by one or more burners, preferably on both sides, especially all around and uniformly. It is conceivable that the burner is moved during the heating along the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, preferably in oscillating manner. Thanks to the heating already done during the cleaning of the workpiece, relatively little heating energy is required to attain the target temperature in the heating station. Preferably the cleaning station with its burner is physically separate from the heating station in order to prevent contaminants which are present in the exhaust gases occurring during the heating to the cleaning temperature from depositing on the plant parts during the heating to the target tem-perature. But it is also conceivable that the cleaning step is carried out in the heating station by the burner re-sponsible for the heating first heating the workpiece to the cleaning temperature and then to the target tempera-ture, the target temperature being greater than the cleaning temperature. It is preferably provided that the air surrounding the workpiece is drawn off during the heating of the workpiece to a cleaning temperature, for exam-ple by means of an exhaust hood, in order to carry away the contaminants.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is transported or moved during the cleaning step. In this way, the cleaning step can be advantageously integrated in the hot or warm forming of the workpiece such that potential delays due to the cleaning step are kept as short as possible. If the cleaning step involves a thermal treatment, it is conceivable that the workpiece is moved by a burner belt along the convey-ance direction past a burner, with the burner heating the workpiece as it moves past it. In particular, the workpiece is moved with a conveying mechanism along a conveyance direction and in this process it passes in succession through the cleaning station, the heating station, and reaches the forming and/or hardening die.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is transported from a cleaning station to a heating station between the cleaning step and the heating step. In the case of thermal cleaning, it is preferably provided that the transport path is covered in a shortest possible time in order to prevent the workpiece from cooling down again. In particular, it is conceivable that the conveying mechanism comprises heating elements which ensure that the workpiece basically maintains its cleaning temperature.
Preferably, the workpiece is trans-ported such that the workpiece does not become polluted or contaminated once more. In particular, the workpiece is moved with a conveying mechanism along a conveyance direction and thereby passes in succession through the cleaning station, the heating station, and reaches the forming and/or hardening die.
Alternatively, it is conceivable that the workpiece is cleaned manually. In manual cleaning with a brush, residues visible to the naked eye can be advantageously removed without major additional effort.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece in the cleaning step is heated by a burner to a cleaning temperature. Preferably the workpiece is heated by one or more burners, preferably on both sides, especially all around and uniformly. It is conceivable that the burner is moved during the heating along the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, preferably in oscillating manner. Thanks to the heating already done during the cleaning of the workpiece, relatively little heating energy is required to attain the target temperature in the heating station. Preferably the cleaning station with its burner is physically separate from the heating station in order to prevent contaminants which are present in the exhaust gases occurring during the heating to the cleaning temperature from depositing on the plant parts during the heating to the target tem-perature. But it is also conceivable that the cleaning step is carried out in the heating station by the burner re-sponsible for the heating first heating the workpiece to the cleaning temperature and then to the target tempera-ture, the target temperature being greater than the cleaning temperature. It is preferably provided that the air surrounding the workpiece is drawn off during the heating of the workpiece to a cleaning temperature, for exam-ple by means of an exhaust hood, in order to carry away the contaminants.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is transported or moved during the cleaning step. In this way, the cleaning step can be advantageously integrated in the hot or warm forming of the workpiece such that potential delays due to the cleaning step are kept as short as possible. If the cleaning step involves a thermal treatment, it is conceivable that the workpiece is moved by a burner belt along the convey-ance direction past a burner, with the burner heating the workpiece as it moves past it. In particular, the workpiece is moved with a conveying mechanism along a conveyance direction and in this process it passes in succession through the cleaning station, the heating station, and reaches the forming and/or hardening die.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is transported from a cleaning station to a heating station between the cleaning step and the heating step. In the case of thermal cleaning, it is preferably provided that the transport path is covered in a shortest possible time in order to prevent the workpiece from cooling down again. In particular, it is conceivable that the conveying mechanism comprises heating elements which ensure that the workpiece basically maintains its cleaning temperature.
Preferably, the workpiece is trans-ported such that the workpiece does not become polluted or contaminated once more. In particular, the workpiece is moved with a conveying mechanism along a conveyance direction and thereby passes in succession through the cleaning station, the heating station, and reaches the forming and/or hardening die.
4 According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is heated during the heating for the forming and/or hardening with an additional burner to the target temperature.
Preferably, the target temperature chosen is a temperature between 600 C and 900 C. If a manganese-boron steel material is used preferably, it is prefera-bly provided that the target temperature is reached above AC3, in order to transform the microstructure com-pletely into austenite. If the target temperature lies below AC3 and above Ad, a mixed microstructure of aus-tenite and ferrite is obtained. For example, it is provided that the speed with which the workpiece is heated to the cleaning temperature when using a burner is greater than the speed with which the workpiece is heated to the target temperature, especially when using a radiant furnace.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is coated with a protective material and/or in particular it is coated at least partially with a corrosion protection oil in order to prevent corrosion during transport.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the burner and/or the additional burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas. Preferably, the heating power of the burner and/or the additional burner is adjusted by the mix ratio of the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas. In particular, an oxygen content is used to establish the maximum temperature in a burning flame of the burner and/or the additional burner. It is provided for example that a technical oxygen mixture is supplied to the additional burner wherein the oxygen content is preferably greater than 70% or especially preferably greater than 90%. Furthermore, it is provided that, in order to reach the target temperature with a desired speed at which the workpiece is heated, the distance be-tween burner and workpiece, the oxygen content, and/or a conveying speed of the workpiece being transported along the conveyance direction are adjusted accordingly.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is arranged in a forming/hardening die for the forming and/or hardening. Preferably, the forming/hardening die is at least partially cooled and thereby ad-vantageously ensures, for example, a partial hardening of the workpiece.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece used is a flat metal sheet. For example, the workpiece is a workpiece fabricated substantially from a manganese-boron steel, especially 22MnB5, or it is a flat metal sheet with higher carbon content.
Another embodiment provides a production plant for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, especially for carry-ing out a method as described above, wherein the production plant comprises a cleaning station for cleaning a workpiece and a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece.
As compared to the prior art, the production plant has the advantage that, as a result of the cleaning station, it can be ensured that possible residues from a pretreatment of the workpiece are removed and thus the quantity of potential contaminants which might impair the quality of the subsequently fabricated part is reduced in advantageously reduced.
Preferably, the target temperature chosen is a temperature between 600 C and 900 C. If a manganese-boron steel material is used preferably, it is prefera-bly provided that the target temperature is reached above AC3, in order to transform the microstructure com-pletely into austenite. If the target temperature lies below AC3 and above Ad, a mixed microstructure of aus-tenite and ferrite is obtained. For example, it is provided that the speed with which the workpiece is heated to the cleaning temperature when using a burner is greater than the speed with which the workpiece is heated to the target temperature, especially when using a radiant furnace.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is coated with a protective material and/or in particular it is coated at least partially with a corrosion protection oil in order to prevent corrosion during transport.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the burner and/or the additional burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas. Preferably, the heating power of the burner and/or the additional burner is adjusted by the mix ratio of the fuel gas and the oxygen-containing gas. In particular, an oxygen content is used to establish the maximum temperature in a burning flame of the burner and/or the additional burner. It is provided for example that a technical oxygen mixture is supplied to the additional burner wherein the oxygen content is preferably greater than 70% or especially preferably greater than 90%. Furthermore, it is provided that, in order to reach the target temperature with a desired speed at which the workpiece is heated, the distance be-tween burner and workpiece, the oxygen content, and/or a conveying speed of the workpiece being transported along the conveyance direction are adjusted accordingly.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece is arranged in a forming/hardening die for the forming and/or hardening. Preferably, the forming/hardening die is at least partially cooled and thereby ad-vantageously ensures, for example, a partial hardening of the workpiece.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the workpiece used is a flat metal sheet. For example, the workpiece is a workpiece fabricated substantially from a manganese-boron steel, especially 22MnB5, or it is a flat metal sheet with higher carbon content.
Another embodiment provides a production plant for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, especially for carry-ing out a method as described above, wherein the production plant comprises a cleaning station for cleaning a workpiece and a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece.
As compared to the prior art, the production plant has the advantage that, as a result of the cleaning station, it can be ensured that possible residues from a pretreatment of the workpiece are removed and thus the quantity of potential contaminants which might impair the quality of the subsequently fabricated part is reduced in advantageously reduced.
5 According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the production plant comprises a conveying mechanism.
With the conveying mechanism, the workpiece can be advantageously transported through the cleaning station and the heating station to the forming/hardening die. It is conceivable that the conveying mechanism comprises conveying rollers.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the cleaning station is structurally separate from the heat-ing station. In this way, it can be advantageously ensured that the contaminants loosened by the heating of the workpiece to the cleaning temperature are distributed through the air and then become deposited on the plant parts of the heating station.
Further details, features and benefits of embodiments will emerge from the drawings as well as the following specification of preferred embodiments with the aid of the drawings. The drawings only illustrate sample embodiments which do not limit the notions of the invention.
Brief description of the figures Figures la to id show a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece according to a sample embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description In the various figures, the same parts are always provided with the same reference number and therefote as a rule will respectively only be mentioned or designated once.
Figures la to Id represent a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece 1 according to a sample embodi-ment of the present invention. For example, this involves a structural or chassis part of a motor vehicle, the workpiece I being provided as a semifabricated part, especially in the form of a tailored rolled blank or a metal sheet as shown in Figure 1. The workpiece I consists, for example, of a material fabricated at least partially from a boron-manganese steel, especially 22MnB5. Thanks to the hot or warm forming, it is preferably provided that the workpiece 1 is converted into its final form as a component part. In order not to influence the properties and/or the form of the component fabricated afterwards, the workpiece 1 is subjected to a pretreatment. One example of such a pretreatment is the coating of the workpiece I with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubri-cant in order to prevent corrosion during the transport of the workpiece.
Another example of the pretreatment is the application of a cutting oil to the workpiece I in order to facilitate a possible cutting of the sheet to size in advance of the hot or warm forming. Due to the pretreatment and other external circumstances, residues remain behind on the workpiece 1, such as those of the corrosion protection oil, the lubricant and/or the cutting oil. Up-on heating of the workpiece 1 required for the hot or warm forming, these residues as contaminants would result in damage or impairment of the finished part, for example in the form of a material embrittlement. In order to avoid such impairment, it is provided that the pretreated workpiece 1 is cleaned, preferably directly before the
With the conveying mechanism, the workpiece can be advantageously transported through the cleaning station and the heating station to the forming/hardening die. It is conceivable that the conveying mechanism comprises conveying rollers.
According to a further embodiment, it is provided that the cleaning station is structurally separate from the heat-ing station. In this way, it can be advantageously ensured that the contaminants loosened by the heating of the workpiece to the cleaning temperature are distributed through the air and then become deposited on the plant parts of the heating station.
Further details, features and benefits of embodiments will emerge from the drawings as well as the following specification of preferred embodiments with the aid of the drawings. The drawings only illustrate sample embodiments which do not limit the notions of the invention.
Brief description of the figures Figures la to id show a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece according to a sample embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description In the various figures, the same parts are always provided with the same reference number and therefote as a rule will respectively only be mentioned or designated once.
Figures la to Id represent a method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece 1 according to a sample embodi-ment of the present invention. For example, this involves a structural or chassis part of a motor vehicle, the workpiece I being provided as a semifabricated part, especially in the form of a tailored rolled blank or a metal sheet as shown in Figure 1. The workpiece I consists, for example, of a material fabricated at least partially from a boron-manganese steel, especially 22MnB5. Thanks to the hot or warm forming, it is preferably provided that the workpiece 1 is converted into its final form as a component part. In order not to influence the properties and/or the form of the component fabricated afterwards, the workpiece 1 is subjected to a pretreatment. One example of such a pretreatment is the coating of the workpiece I with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubri-cant in order to prevent corrosion during the transport of the workpiece.
Another example of the pretreatment is the application of a cutting oil to the workpiece I in order to facilitate a possible cutting of the sheet to size in advance of the hot or warm forming. Due to the pretreatment and other external circumstances, residues remain behind on the workpiece 1, such as those of the corrosion protection oil, the lubricant and/or the cutting oil. Up-on heating of the workpiece 1 required for the hot or warm forming, these residues as contaminants would result in damage or impairment of the finished part, for example in the form of a material embrittlement. In order to avoid such impairment, it is provided that the pretreated workpiece 1 is cleaned, preferably directly before the
6 140419PlOWO
heating of the workpiece 1 in a heating station 20, in a cleaning step.
Preferably the cleaning step begins 60 se-conds, preferably 20 seconds and especially preferably 5 seconds before the heating of the workpiece 1.
As an example of a cleaning step, the embodiment in Figures la to Id shows in Figure lb a thermal treatment in a cleaning station 10. In the present embodiment, the cleaning station 10 comprises a burner belt or roller con-veyor 4, arranged underneath the workpiece I being delivered by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4. Further-more, the cleaning station 10 preferably comprises a burner 2, which is arranged above and/or beneath the trans-portable workpiece 1. It is furthermore provided that the burner 2 heats the workpiece 1 to a cleaning tempera-ture. For this, the burner 2 is operated in particular with a mixture of a burner gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
Furthermore, when using a burner 2 for heating the workpiece 1 to the cleaning temperature, a burner flame 3 occurs which makes direct contact with the workpiece 1 in the cleaning station 10, for example, or which is held at a distance from the workpiece. In particular, the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 has a recess 6 in one position so that the burner flame 3 can heat the workpiece 1 unhindered. Furthermore, it is provided that the workpiece I
is heated on both sides by one burner 2 apiece, in order to free as much of the surface of the workpicce I as pos-sible from residues. It is conceivable that the burner 2 is moved along a direction running perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the burner belt or roller conveyor 4, preferably in oscillating manner, in order to realize by this motion the heating along a transverse dimension of the workpiece 1. In particular, it is conceivable that the cleaning temperature is adjusted or realized by the determination of a conveyance speed with which the workpiece 1 is delivered by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4, the determination of a distance of the burner 2 from the workpiece 1 and/or by the determination of an oxygen content of the oxygen-containing gas mixed in with the fuel gas. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the burner flame 3 of the burner 2 in the cleaning station 10 heats the workpiece 1 homogeneously, i.e., uniformly along the surface. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the cleaning station 10 comprises an exhaust air system in order to carry away the pollution gases arising during the thermal treatment by the exhaust air system. In this way, it is possible to prevent the pollutants con-tained in the pollution gas from being deposited on the plant parts of the cleaning station 10. In order to further prevent the pollutants contained in the pollution gas from being deposited on plant parts which are situated for example in a heating station 20, the cleaning station 10 in the depicted embodiment is structurally separate from the heating station 20, as shown in Figure lc.
Figure lc shows a heating station 20 in the form of a furnace 5, the workpiece 1 being arranged for the heating inside the preferably enclosed furnace 5. In particular, it is provided that the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature. Furthermore, it is provided that the workpiece 1 is heated in the heating station 20 with an additional burner or by radiant heating, the additional burner being operated preferably with a mixture of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas. In particular, the additional burner in the heating station 20 is operated with a technical-grade oxygen whose oxygen content is preferably greater than 75 %, especially preferably greater than 90%. For example, the heating in the heating station 20 can be used to adjust material properties of the compo-nent fabricated afterwards. For example, the workpiece 1 is specifically heated in at least a first region to a tem-perature below AC3, especially below Ad, in order to avoid a complete austenitization and/or at least in a se-cond region to a temperature above AC3, in order to bring about an austenitization. It is also conceivable for the workpiece 1 to be precoated after the cleaning step and before the heating in order to ensure by this precoating
heating of the workpiece 1 in a heating station 20, in a cleaning step.
Preferably the cleaning step begins 60 se-conds, preferably 20 seconds and especially preferably 5 seconds before the heating of the workpiece 1.
As an example of a cleaning step, the embodiment in Figures la to Id shows in Figure lb a thermal treatment in a cleaning station 10. In the present embodiment, the cleaning station 10 comprises a burner belt or roller con-veyor 4, arranged underneath the workpiece I being delivered by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4. Further-more, the cleaning station 10 preferably comprises a burner 2, which is arranged above and/or beneath the trans-portable workpiece 1. It is furthermore provided that the burner 2 heats the workpiece 1 to a cleaning tempera-ture. For this, the burner 2 is operated in particular with a mixture of a burner gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
Furthermore, when using a burner 2 for heating the workpiece 1 to the cleaning temperature, a burner flame 3 occurs which makes direct contact with the workpiece 1 in the cleaning station 10, for example, or which is held at a distance from the workpiece. In particular, the burner belt or roller conveyor 4 has a recess 6 in one position so that the burner flame 3 can heat the workpiece 1 unhindered. Furthermore, it is provided that the workpiece I
is heated on both sides by one burner 2 apiece, in order to free as much of the surface of the workpicce I as pos-sible from residues. It is conceivable that the burner 2 is moved along a direction running perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the burner belt or roller conveyor 4, preferably in oscillating manner, in order to realize by this motion the heating along a transverse dimension of the workpiece 1. In particular, it is conceivable that the cleaning temperature is adjusted or realized by the determination of a conveyance speed with which the workpiece 1 is delivered by the burner belt or roller conveyor 4, the determination of a distance of the burner 2 from the workpiece 1 and/or by the determination of an oxygen content of the oxygen-containing gas mixed in with the fuel gas. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the burner flame 3 of the burner 2 in the cleaning station 10 heats the workpiece 1 homogeneously, i.e., uniformly along the surface. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the cleaning station 10 comprises an exhaust air system in order to carry away the pollution gases arising during the thermal treatment by the exhaust air system. In this way, it is possible to prevent the pollutants con-tained in the pollution gas from being deposited on the plant parts of the cleaning station 10. In order to further prevent the pollutants contained in the pollution gas from being deposited on plant parts which are situated for example in a heating station 20, the cleaning station 10 in the depicted embodiment is structurally separate from the heating station 20, as shown in Figure lc.
Figure lc shows a heating station 20 in the form of a furnace 5, the workpiece 1 being arranged for the heating inside the preferably enclosed furnace 5. In particular, it is provided that the target temperature is greater than the cleaning temperature. Furthermore, it is provided that the workpiece 1 is heated in the heating station 20 with an additional burner or by radiant heating, the additional burner being operated preferably with a mixture of a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas. In particular, the additional burner in the heating station 20 is operated with a technical-grade oxygen whose oxygen content is preferably greater than 75 %, especially preferably greater than 90%. For example, the heating in the heating station 20 can be used to adjust material properties of the compo-nent fabricated afterwards. For example, the workpiece 1 is specifically heated in at least a first region to a tem-perature below AC3, especially below Ad, in order to avoid a complete austenitization and/or at least in a se-cond region to a temperature above AC3, in order to bring about an austenitization. It is also conceivable for the workpiece 1 to be precoated after the cleaning step and before the heating in order to ensure by this precoating
7 the formation of an alloy layer on the surface of the workpiece 1.
Furthermore, it is provided that the cleaning station 10 is connected to the heating station 20 via a conveying mechanism 4.
In particular, the cleaned workpicce 1 is delivered by the conveying mechanism 4 to the furnace 5.
After the heating of the cleaned workpiece 1 it is provided that the workpieee I is placed in a preferably cooled forming and/or hardening die 30 and formed and/or hardened therein, as shown in Figure Id. In particular, the forming and/or hardening die 30 comprises a mold which is adapted to the component to be fabricated. Further-more, it is conceivable that the conveying mechanism delivers the workpiece 1 along the conveyance direction in a production plant through the cleaning station 10 and the heating station 20 to the forming and/or hardening die 30.
Furthermore, it is provided that the cleaning station 10 is connected to the heating station 20 via a conveying mechanism 4.
In particular, the cleaned workpicce 1 is delivered by the conveying mechanism 4 to the furnace 5.
After the heating of the cleaned workpiece 1 it is provided that the workpieee I is placed in a preferably cooled forming and/or hardening die 30 and formed and/or hardened therein, as shown in Figure Id. In particular, the forming and/or hardening die 30 comprises a mold which is adapted to the component to be fabricated. Further-more, it is conceivable that the conveying mechanism delivers the workpiece 1 along the conveyance direction in a production plant through the cleaning station 10 and the heating station 20 to the forming and/or hardening die 30.
8 List of reference numbers 1 Workpiece 2 Burner 3 Burner flame 4 Conveying mechanism, burner belt, roller conveyor Furnace 6 Recess Cleaning station Heating station Forming and/or hardening die
Claims (11)
1. A method for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, comprising the following steps:
providing of the workpiece, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is coated with a protective material and/or coated with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubricant or cutting oil, at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature in a heating station and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece, characterized in that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially thermally treated, wherein the workpiece in the cleaning step is heated by a burner to a cleaning temperature.
providing of the workpiece, at least partial pretreating of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is coated with a protective material and/or coated with a corrosion protection oil or with a lubricant or cutting oil, at least partial heating of the workpiece to a target temperature in a heating station and at least partial forming and/or hardening of the workpiece, wherein the workpiece is at least partially cleaned in a cleaning step between the pretreating and the heating of the workpiece, characterized in that the workpiece in the cleaning step is at least partially thermally treated, wherein the workpiece in the cleaning step is heated by a burner to a cleaning temperature.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the workpiece is transported during the cleaning step.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the workpiece is transported from a cleaning station to a heating station between the cleaning step and the heating step.
4. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the workpiece is heated by an additional burner to the target temperature.
5. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the burner and/or the additional burner is operated with a fuel gas and an oxygen-containing gas.
7. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the workpiece is arranged in a forming and/or hardening die for the forming and/or hardening.
8. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the workpiece used is a fiat metal sheet.
9. A production plant for hot or warm forming of a workpiece, wherein the production plant comprises a cleaning station for cleaning a workpiece, a heating station for heating the cleaned workpiece and a forming and/or hardening die for forming and/or hardening the heated workpiece, wherein the cleaning station is suitable for a thermal treatment, wherein the cleaning station comprises a burner.
10. The production plant as claimed in claim 9, wherein the production plant comprises a conveying mecha-nism.
11. The production plant as claimed in claim 9 or 10, wherein the cleaning station is structurally separate from the heating station.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014116950.6 | 2014-11-19 | ||
| DE102014116950.6A DE102014116950B4 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2014-11-19 | A process for hot or warm forging a workpiece and manufacturing plant for hot or warm forging a workpiece |
| PCT/EP2015/075809 WO2016078924A1 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2015-11-05 | Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2961869A1 CA2961869A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| CA2961869C true CA2961869C (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2961869A Expired - Fee Related CA2961869C (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2015-11-05 | Method for hot or warm forming a workpiece and production plant for hot or warm forming a workpiece |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170321295A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3221474B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2018501960A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20170087903A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107109505A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112017008386A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2961869C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102014116950B4 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2724986T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2017005307A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL3221474T3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR201907458T4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016078924A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016218957A1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Temporary corrosion protection layer |
Family Cites Families (13)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5913570B2 (en) * | 1976-12-02 | 1984-03-30 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Annealing method for strip welds |
| JPH06280070A (en) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-04 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd | Manufacture of metal corrugate sheath cable |
| JP3252047B2 (en) * | 1994-03-07 | 2002-01-28 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Degreasing and cleaning method for metal strip |
| SE527771C2 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-30 | Aga Ab | Procedure for the manufacture of elongated steel products |
| DE102006005063A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-09 | Linde Ag | Process for the heat treatment of steel strip |
| JP4840089B2 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2011-12-21 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of molded products |
| JP2011032536A (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-17 | Neturen Co Ltd | Method of combined heat treatment of quench-hardened steel member, and quench-hardened steel member |
| DE102011001140A1 (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-13 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Flat steel product, method for producing a flat steel product and method for producing a component |
| EP2497840B2 (en) * | 2011-03-10 | 2020-02-26 | Schwartz GmbH | Oven system for partially heating steel blanks |
| DE102013002121B4 (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2015-04-02 | Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh | Method and pressing tool for the production of aluminum body components and car body component |
| EP2848715B1 (en) * | 2013-09-13 | 2018-10-31 | ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG | Method for producing a steel component with an anti-corrosive metal coating |
| DE102013020419A1 (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-07-24 | Daimler Ag | Method for heating of workpiece such as sheet metal e.g. metal plate, involves heating workpiece in heating zone immediately after drying cleaned workpiece |
| JP5842942B2 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2016-01-13 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent plating adhesion and method for producing the same |
-
2014
- 2014-11-19 DE DE102014116950.6A patent/DE102014116950B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2015
- 2015-11-05 ES ES15794508T patent/ES2724986T3/en active Active
- 2015-11-05 CN CN201580062675.1A patent/CN107109505A/en active Pending
- 2015-11-05 US US15/527,333 patent/US20170321295A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-11-05 PL PL15794508T patent/PL3221474T3/en unknown
- 2015-11-05 BR BR112017008386A patent/BR112017008386A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-11-05 KR KR1020177015866A patent/KR20170087903A/en unknown
- 2015-11-05 MX MX2017005307A patent/MX2017005307A/en unknown
- 2015-11-05 TR TR2019/07458T patent/TR201907458T4/en unknown
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- 2015-11-05 WO PCT/EP2015/075809 patent/WO2016078924A1/en active Application Filing
- 2015-11-05 CA CA2961869A patent/CA2961869C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102014116950A1 (en) | 2016-05-19 |
| BR112017008386A2 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
| PL3221474T3 (en) | 2019-09-30 |
| US20170321295A1 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
| EP3221474A1 (en) | 2017-09-27 |
| CN107109505A (en) | 2017-08-29 |
| WO2016078924A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| CA2961869A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| KR20170087903A (en) | 2017-07-31 |
| TR201907458T4 (en) | 2019-06-21 |
| DE102014116950B4 (en) | 2018-02-15 |
| ES2724986T3 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
| MX2017005307A (en) | 2017-07-28 |
| JP2018501960A (en) | 2018-01-25 |
| EP3221474B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
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