EP2497840B2 - Oven system for partially heating steel blanks - Google Patents
Oven system for partially heating steel blanks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2497840B2 EP2497840B2 EP11157721.9A EP11157721A EP2497840B2 EP 2497840 B2 EP2497840 B2 EP 2497840B2 EP 11157721 A EP11157721 A EP 11157721A EP 2497840 B2 EP2497840 B2 EP 2497840B2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- temperature
- component
- heating
- areas
- Prior art date
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
Definitions
- the invention relates to a furnace system and a method for targeted heat treatment of sheet metal components in individual component zones.
- press hardening was developed to produce a component from hardened steel sheet.
- Steel sheets are first heated to an austenite temperature between 850 ° C and 950 ° C, then placed in a press tool, quickly formed and quickly quenched by the water-cooled tool to a martensite temperature of approx. 250 ° C.
- a steel sheet hardened in this way has only about 6-8% elongation at break, which is disadvantageous in special areas in the event of a collision of two vehicles, particularly in the event of a side impact.
- the kinetic energy of the penetrating vehicle cannot be converted into heat of deformation. Rather, in this case the component will break brittle and also threaten to injure the occupants.
- the document WO 2009/113 938 describes a press hardening process with which soft sections in the finished product can be achieved by reducing the cooling rate of these material sections. This reduces the martensite content in these areas and consequently increases the elongation at break of these areas.
- the European patent application EP 2 143 808 A1 discloses a method for producing a molded component with at least two structural areas of different ductility from a component blank made of hardenable steel, which is heated differently in some areas and then shaped and hardened in areas in a hot-forming and hardening tool, the component blank being heated to a homogeneous temperature of less than AC3 in a heating device is heated and then brought to a temperature above AC3 in the first areas by means of an infrared lamp field, in order to be subsequently hardened in the hot areas and hardness areas in the first areas.
- bulkheads for separating the temperature fields are proposed.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a furnace system and a method for the targeted heat treatment of sheet metal components, which avoids the disadvantages described above.
- the furnace system according to the invention is suitable for partially heating sheet steel components to a temperature above the AC3 temperature.
- the furnace system has a conventional, universal production furnace for heating the sheet steel parts to a temperature close to, but below the AC3 temperature, the furnace system further comprising a profiling furnace with at least one level.
- the at least one level has an upper and a lower part, as well as a product-specific intermediate flange inserted into a corresponding receptacle, the product-specific intermediate flange being designed to give the component a predetermined temperature profile with temperatures above the AC3 temperature for areas to be hardened and below Apply AC3 temperature for softer areas.
- the furnace system also has a positioning system on which the component can be placed in a defined position after heating in the production furnace and / or after heating in the profiling furnace. This ensures that the component is in a predefined position after heating in the production furnace or after partial heating in the profiling furnace.
- the component can then be directed into a pre-defined position in the profiling furnace or a press can be inserted for the subsequent mold hardening process. The more precisely the insertion position of the component can be maintained, the less trimming is required on the finished, hard sheet metal part.
- the product-specific intermediate flange has means for active cooling of individual areas. In an advantageous embodiment, the cooling is designed as water cooling.
- the product-specific intermediate flange has means for heating individual areas, which are electrical heaters. This makes it possible to specifically heat and / or cool individual, product-specific areas, so that the temperatures of these areas can be kept within narrow tolerances. If individual areas are heated above the AC3 temperature, these areas will become particularly hard in the subsequent mold hardening process. The other areas, which are not specifically heated to the AC3 temperature, will become less hard in the subsequent mold hardening process and instead have a higher elongation at break. With the electric heaters, a particularly precise temperature control is possible.
- the furnace system has a production furnace which, as a continuous furnace, has a transport system for passing the components through the production furnace.
- the cycle time for heating the components can thus be kept at the level of conventional heating ovens for the form hardening process. If the subsequent process step of stamping a temperature profile on the component determines the cycle time, so that the cycle time for the entire process threatens to be extended, a profiling furnace with multiple levels can be used, in which the components are partially or partially heated further in parallel. The parallel use of several profiling furnaces is also conceivable.
- the profiling furnace has means for temperature control in a closed control loop.
- more than one control loop can also be provided.
- the furnace system continues to have a handling system for handling the components.
- the handling system can quickly and precisely place the components in the positioning system, remove them from the positioning system and insert and remove them in the product-specific intermediate flange in the profiling furnace.
- the handling system can then insert the components into a press tool for subsequent form hardening.
- Using a handling system minimizes the risk of injury to operating personnel from the hot components.
- a handling system executes the movements in defined and reproducible times so that the components can be inserted into the press tool for mold hardening with minimal temperature tolerances, which has proven to be advantageous for the component quality.
- the component is heated in the production furnace by means of gas burners, natural gas, for example, being used as the energy source.
- the positioned component is brought into a defined position in the profiling furnace by means of a handling system.
- the application of a temperature profile to the component in the profiling furnace is advantageously controlled via a closed control loop. This allows the tightest temperature tolerances to be realized on the component, which has a positive effect on the quality of the form-hardened component.
- areas of the The component is specifically heated to a temperature above the AC3 temperature via a product-specific intermediate flange, while other areas, which are supposed to have a higher elasticity in the finished part, are kept at a temperature below the AC3 temperature.
- Fig. 1 shows a furnace system according to the invention in a plan view.
- a first robot 61 positions a component 5 on a roller conveyor that transports the component 5 through the production furnace 10.
- the production furnace 10 is a conventional universal furnace which is heated with natural gas burners 9 to a temperature below the AC3 temperature of the respective component material.
- the transport speed of the components 5 through the production furnace 10 is selected such that the components 5 almost assume the temperature prevailing in the production furnace 10.
- In the transport direction behind the production furnace 10 there is a positioning system 20 that brings each component 5 into a defined lying position.
- a handling system 22 picks up the component 5 and brings it into a defined position in the profiling furnace 40.
- the profiling furnace 40 there are an upper part 40 and a lower part 41, as well as a receptacle 44 for a product-specific intermediate flange 45 and the product-specific intermediate flange 45 itself
- the intermediate flange 45 has on the one hand areas with electrical heaters 46 and on the other hand areas 48 which can be cooled.
- Such areas 48 can have cooling bores through which a cooling medium, such as water or oil, flows.
- a cooling medium such as water or oil
- All known electrical heaters such as, for example, electrical heating cartridges or electrical surface heating systems can be used as electrical heaters 46.
- Electric heaters have the advantage that they can be regulated very precisely and quickly.
- the areas 30, which should be particularly hard after a subsequent mold hardening process, are heated to a temperature above the AC3 temperature by the electric heater 46.
- Other areas 50, which should have a higher elongation at break after the subsequent mold hardening process, are kept at a temperature below the AC3 temperature by the targeted cooling 48 of these areas.
- the temperature is controlled in at least one closed control loop. After the dwell time required to heat the regions 30 to the desired temperature above the AC3 temperature, the component 5 now provided with a temperature profile is removed from the profiling furnace 40 by means of the handling system 22.
- the handling system 22 is designed as a rake. However, all other suitable handling systems can also be used.
- the handling system 22 places the component 5 again on the positioning system 20. However, it is also conceivable to place component 5 on another transfer station after impressing a temperature profile. A second robot 60 then takes over the component 5 in order to insert it into the tool 70 of a press for die hardening. Typically, however, the component 5 can be inserted directly into the press tool 70 without repositioning, since there is no relative movement in the profiling furnace 40 and therefore no more reorientation of the component 5.
- Fig. 2 shows the profiling furnace 40 in a detailed view as a plan view.
- a component 5 located in front of the profiling furnace 40 on the positioning system 20 can be seen.
- Another component 5 is located in the profiling furnace 40.
- Areas 30 of the component 5 which are supposed to be particularly hard after the shape hardening process are located on regions of the product-specific intermediate flange 45, which can be specifically heated by heaters 46.
- This is an electrical heating element which is supplied with electrical energy via connections 47, which is made available by a control means (not shown).
- Another area 50 of the component 5, which should have a greater elongation at break than the hard area 30 after the shape hardening process, is located on an area 48 of the product-specific intermediate flange 45, which can be specifically cooled. For this purpose, cooling medium is passed through the connections 49 into the area 48.
- Fig. 3 is the section AA Fig. 2 through the profiling furnace 40.
- the profiling furnace 40 has an upper part 41 and a lower part 42, as well as a receptacle 44 for a product-specific intermediate flange 45 and the product-specific intermediate flange 45 itself.
- heaters 46 can be seen, which are supplied with energy via connections 47.
- the component 5 in the region 30 can be specifically heated to a temperature above the AC3 temperature.
- the handling system 22, which is located in front of the profiling furnace 40 can be seen.
- the arrows indicate that the handling system 22 can move a component 5 vertically and horizontally, so that a component 5 located on the positioning system 20 (not shown) by means of the handling system 22 can be inserted into the product-specific intermediate flange 45 within the profiling furnace 40.
- any other suitable handling system can also be used.
- only one profiling furnace 40 is described with one level.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ofensystem und ein Verfahren zur gezielten bauteilzonen-individuellen Wärmebehandlung von Blechbauteilen.The invention relates to a furnace system and a method for targeted heat treatment of sheet metal components in individual component zones.
In der Technik besteht bei vielen Anwendungsfällen in unterschiedlichen Branchen der Wunsch nach hochfesten Metallblechteilen bei geringem Teilegewicht. Beispielsweise ist es in der Fahrzeugindustrie das Bestreben, den Kraftstoffverbrauch von Kraftfahrzeugen zu reduzieren und den CO2-Ausstoß zu senken, dabei aber gleichzeitig die Insassensicherheit zu erhöhen. Es besteht daher ein stark zunehmender Bedarf an Karosseriebauteilen mit einem günstigen Verhältnis von Festigkeit zu Gewicht. Zu diesen Bauteilen gehören insbesondere A-und B-Säulen, Seitenaufprallschutzträger in Türen, Schweller, Rahmenteile, Stoßstangenfänger, Querträger für Boden und Dach, vordere und hintere Längsträger. Bei modernen Kraftfahrzeugen besteht die Rohkarosse mit einem Sicherheitskäfig üblicherweise aus einem gehärteten Stahlblech mit ca. 1500MPa Festigkeit. Dabei werden vielfach Al-Si-beschichtete Stahlbleche verwendet. Zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus gehärtetem Stahlblech wurde der Prozess des so genannten Presshärtens entwickelt. Dabei werden Stahlbleche zuerst auf Austenittemperatur zwischen 850°C und 950°C erwärmt, dann in ein Pressenwerkzeug gelegt, schnell geformt und durch das wassergekühlte Werkzeug zügig auf Martensittemperatur von ca. 250°C abgeschreckt. Dabei entsteht hartes, festes Martensitgefüge mit ca. 1.500MPa Festigkeit. Ein solcherart gehärtetes Stahlblech weist aber nur ca. 6-8% Bruchdehnung auf, was in speziellen Bereichen im Falle des Zusammenstoßes zweier Fahrzeuge, besonders beim Seitenaufprall, nachteilig ist. Die kinetische Energie des eindringenden Fahrzeugs kann dabei nicht in Verformungswärme umgesetzt werden. Vielmehr wird in diesem Fall das Bauteil spröd brechen und droht zusätzlich die Insassen zu verletzen.In technology, there is a desire for high-strength sheet metal parts with a low part weight in many applications in different industries. For example, in the automotive industry, efforts are being made to reduce the fuel consumption of motor vehicles and to reduce CO2 emissions, but at the same time to increase occupant safety. There is therefore a rapidly increasing need for body components with a favorable strength-to-weight ratio. These components include, in particular, A and B pillars, side impact protection beams in doors, sills, frame parts, bumper bumpers, cross beams for the floor and roof, front and rear longitudinal beams. In modern motor vehicles, the body-in-white with a safety cage usually consists of a hardened steel sheet with a strength of approximately 1500 MPa. Al-Si coated steel sheets are often used. The process of so-called press hardening was developed to produce a component from hardened steel sheet. Steel sheets are first heated to an austenite temperature between 850 ° C and 950 ° C, then placed in a press tool, quickly formed and quickly quenched by the water-cooled tool to a martensite temperature of approx. 250 ° C. This creates a hard, firm martensite structure with a strength of approx.1,500MPa. A steel sheet hardened in this way has only about 6-8% elongation at break, which is disadvantageous in special areas in the event of a collision of two vehicles, particularly in the event of a side impact. The kinetic energy of the penetrating vehicle cannot be converted into heat of deformation. Rather, in this case the component will break brittle and also threaten to injure the occupants.
Für die Automobilindustrie ist es daher wünschenswert, Karosseriebauteile zu erhalten, die mehrere unterschiedliche Dehnungs- und Festigkeitszonen im Bauteil aufweisen, so dass sehr feste Bereiche einerseits und sehr dehnfähige Bereiche andererseits in einem Bauteil vorliegen. Dabei sollten die allgemeinen Ansprüche an eine Produktionsanlage weiterhin beachtet sein: so sollte es zu keiner Taktzeiteinbuße an der Form-Härteanlage kommen, die Gesamtanlage sollte uneingeschränkt allgemein verwendet und schnell kundenspezifisch umgerüstet werden können. Der Prozess sollte robust und wirtschaftlich sein und die Produktionsanlage nur minimalen Platz benötigen. Die Form und Kantengenauigkeit des Bauteils sollte so hoch sein, dass Hartbeschnitt weitgehend entfallen kann, um Material und Arbeit einzusparen.It is therefore desirable for the automotive industry to obtain body components which have several different expansion and strength zones in the component, so that there are very firm areas on the one hand and very elastic areas on the other hand in one component. The general requirements for a production plant should continue to be observed: there should be no loss of cycle times on the form hardening plant, the entire plant should be used without restriction in general and quickly be customized. The process should be robust and economical and the production plant should only take up minimal space. The shape and edge accuracy of the component should be so high that hard trimming can largely be omitted in order to save material and labor.
Im Stand der Technik sind entsprechende Verfahren und Vorrichtungen beschrieben. Dabei benutzen diese Verfahren partiell beheizte Werkzeuge, wobei ein Bereich des Bauteils oberhalb der Martensit bildenden Abschreckgeschwindigkeit abgekühlt wird. Der Rest des Bauteils wird wie üblich schroff abgekühlt und bildet Martensit. Beispielsweise beschreibt die Druckschrift
In dem Dokument
Das Dokument
Dabei weisen alle Verfahren, die ein partiell beheiztes Werkzeugs benutzen, den Nachteil auf, dass das Bauteil mit Verzug behaftet ist, da das Bauteil mit partiell unterschiedlichen Temperaturen von ca. 300°C bis 500°C im weichen Bereich und von ca. 100°C in martensitischen Bereichen dem Werkzeug entnommen wird und außerhalb des Formzwangs weiter abkühlt. Darüber hinaus wird die Taktzeit des Verfahrens verlängert, da das schnelle Abkühlen zugunsten der Perlit-Ferrit-Bildung verlangsamt wird, womit im gleichen Zug die Wirtschaftlichkeit reduziert wird. Zusätzlich sind solche Werkzeuge sehr komplex und damit teuer und störanfällig.All methods that use a partially heated tool have the disadvantage that the component is distorted because the component has partially different temperatures of approximately 300 ° C to 500 ° C in the soft area and of approximately 100 ° C is removed from the tool in martensitic areas and cools further outside the form constraint. In addition, the cycle time of the process is increased, since the rapid cooling is slowed down in favor of pearlite-ferrite formation, which at the same time reduces the economy. In addition, such tools are very complex and therefore expensive and prone to failure.
Bei einem anderen, im Stand der Technik beispielsweise aus den Dokumenten
Daneben ist in der Praxis ein weiteres Verfahren bekannt, bei dem die weichen Bereiche partiell langsam abgekühlt werden. Dabei wird das Bauteil vollständig oberhalb der Austenittemperatur über die erforderliche Diffusionszeit und - Temperatur hinaus erhitzt und anschließend in einem separaten oder auch dem gleichen Ofen durch partielles Heraushängen an Luft langsam wieder unter Austenittemperatur abgekühlt. Wenn anschließend der Formhärteprozess im Werkzeug durchgeführt wird, sind die Nachteile bezüglich der mangelnden Formgenauigkeit und der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Produktionsofens eliminiert. Nachteil dieses Verfahrens ist die langsamere Taktzeit durch den zusätzlichen Arbeitsschritt. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht in der undefinierte Abkühlungsrate, die bei Bauteilen unter 1,2mm Dicke gelegentlich zur Martensitbildung führt. Die Abkühlrate ist undefiniert, da die Abkühlung in nicht genau zu definierender Umgebungstemperatur stattfindet. Der Prozess kann daher nicht als robust bezeichnet werden. Des Weiteren ist dieser Prozess nur mit zwei unterschiedlich harten Zonen darstellbar.In addition, another method is known in practice in which the soft areas are partially slowly cooled. The component is heated completely above the austenite temperature beyond the required diffusion time and temperature, and then slowly cooled again below the austenite temperature in a separate or the same furnace by partially hanging it out in air. If the mold hardening process is then carried out in the mold, the disadvantages with regard to the lack of dimensional accuracy and the economy of the production furnace are eliminated. The disadvantage of this method is the slower cycle time due to the additional work step. Another disadvantage is the undefined cooling rate, which sometimes leads to the formation of martensite in components less than 1.2 mm thick. The cooling rate is undefined because the cooling takes place in an ambient temperature that cannot be precisely defined. The process can therefore not be described as robust. Furthermore, this process can only be represented with two zones of different hardness.
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Schließlich können auch unterschiedliche Stähle miteinander verschweißt werden, so dass nicht härtbarer Stahl in den weichen und härtbarer Stahl in den harten Zonen vorliegen. Bei einem anschließenden Härteprozess kann das gewünschte Härteprofil über dem Bauteil erreicht werden. Die Nachteile dieses Verfahrens liegen in der gelegentlich unsicheren Schweißnaht bei einem üblicherweise für Karosserieteile verwendeten Al-Si-beschichteten ca. 0,8-1,5mm dicken Blech, des dortigen schroffen Härteübergangs sowie in den wegen des zusätzlichen Fertigungsschritts des Verschweißens erhöhten Kosten des Bleches. In Tests kam es gelegentlich zu Ausfällen durch Bruch in der Nähe der Schweißnaht, so dass der Prozess nicht als robust bezeichnet werden kann.Finally, different steels can also be welded together so that non-hardenable steel is present in the soft and hardenable steel in the hard zones. In a subsequent hardening process, the desired hardness profile can be achieved over the component. The disadvantages of this method lie in the occasionally unsafe weld seam in the case of an Al-Si-coated sheet approximately 0.8-1.5 mm thick, which is usually used for body parts, the abrupt hardness transition there, and in the increased cost of the sheet due to the additional manufacturing step of welding , In tests, failures occasionally occurred due to breakage near the weld seam, so the process cannot be described as robust.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Ofensystem und ein Verfahren zur gezielten Wärmebehandlung von Blechbauteilen bereitzustellen, das die oben beschriebenen Nachteile vermeidet.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a furnace system and a method for the targeted heat treatment of sheet metal components, which avoids the disadvantages described above.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Ofensystem mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruches 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Ofensystems ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 - 7.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a furnace system with the features of
Weiterhin wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 9 - 11.Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method according to
Das erfindungsgemäße Ofensystem ist dazu geeignet, Bauteile aus Stahlblech partiell auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der AC3-Temperatur zu erwärmen. Das Ofensystem weist einen üblichen, universellen Produktionsofen zum Erwärmen der Stahlblechteile auf eine Temperatur nahe, aber unterhalb der AC3-Temperatur auf, wobei das Ofensystem weiterhin einen Profilierofen mit mindestens einer Ebene aufweist. Die mindestens eine Ebene verfügt über ein Ober- und ein Unterteil, sowie einen in eine entsprechende Aufnahme eingebrachten produktspezifischen Zwischenflansch, wobei der produktspezifische Zwischenflansch dazu ausgebildet ist, dem Bauteil ein vorgegebenes Temperaturprofil mit Temperaturen über der AC3-Temperatur für zu härtende Bereiche und unter der AC3-Temperatur für weichere Bereiche aufzuprägen.The furnace system according to the invention is suitable for partially heating sheet steel components to a temperature above the AC3 temperature. The furnace system has a conventional, universal production furnace for heating the sheet steel parts to a temperature close to, but below the AC3 temperature, the furnace system further comprising a profiling furnace with at least one level. The at least one level has an upper and a lower part, as well as a product-specific intermediate flange inserted into a corresponding receptacle, the product-specific intermediate flange being designed to give the component a predetermined temperature profile with temperatures above the AC3 temperature for areas to be hardened and below Apply AC3 temperature for softer areas.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform verfügt das Ofensystem weiterhin über ein Positioniersystem, auf dem das Bauteil nach der Erwärmung im Produktionsofen und/oder nach der Erwärmung im Profilierofen in eine definierte Position abgelegt werden kann. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass sich das Bauteil nach der Erwärmung im Produktionsofen beziehungsweise nach der partiellen Erwärmung im Profilierofen in einer vordefinierter Lage befindet. So kann das Bauteil anschließend gerichtet in eine vordefinierte Lage in den Profilierofen beziehungsweise eine Presse für den nachfolgende Formhärtungsvorgang eingelegt werden. Je genauer die Einlegeposition des Bauteils eingehalten werden kann, desto weniger Beschnitt am fertigen, harten Blechteil ist erforderlich. Der produktspezifische Zwischenflansch verfügt über Mittel zur aktiven Kühlung einzelner Bereiche. In einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist die Kühlung als Wasserkühlung ausgeführt.In a preferred embodiment, the furnace system also has a positioning system on which the component can be placed in a defined position after heating in the production furnace and / or after heating in the profiling furnace. This ensures that the component is in a predefined position after heating in the production furnace or after partial heating in the profiling furnace. The component can then be directed into a pre-defined position in the profiling furnace or a press can be inserted for the subsequent mold hardening process. The more precisely the insertion position of the component can be maintained, the less trimming is required on the finished, hard sheet metal part. The product-specific intermediate flange has means for active cooling of individual areas. In an advantageous embodiment, the cooling is designed as water cooling.
Der produktspezifische Zwischenflansch verfügt über Mittel zur Beheizung einzelner Bereiche, wobei es sich hierbei um elektrische Heizungen handelt. Dadurch ist es möglich, einzelne, produktspezifische Bereiche gezielt zu beheizen und/oder zu kühlen, so dass die Temperaturen dieser Bereiche in engen Toleranzen gehalten werden können. Werden einzelne Bereiche über die AC3-Temperatur beheizt, werden diese Bereiche im anschließenden Formhärtungsprozess besonders hart werden. Die anderen Bereiche, die gezielt nicht über die AC3-Temperatur aufgeheizt werden, werden im anschließenden Formhärtungsprozess weniger hart werden und statt dessen eine höhere Bruchdehnung aufweisen. Mit den elektrischen Heizungen ist eine besonders genaue Temperaturführung möglich.The product-specific intermediate flange has means for heating individual areas, which are electrical heaters. This makes it possible to specifically heat and / or cool individual, product-specific areas, so that the temperatures of these areas can be kept within narrow tolerances. If individual areas are heated above the AC3 temperature, these areas will become particularly hard in the subsequent mold hardening process. The other areas, which are not specifically heated to the AC3 temperature, will become less hard in the subsequent mold hardening process and instead have a higher elongation at break. With the electric heaters, a particularly precise temperature control is possible.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, den Produktionsofen mit Gasbrennern zu beheizen. Dadurch ist eine besonders wirtschaftliche Erwärmung der Bauteile möglich. Da das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vorsieht, die Bauteile in dem Produktionsofen nur auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der AC3-Temperatur aufzuheizen und die Wärme für die Aufheizung definierter Bereiche auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der AC3-Temperatur in einem späteren Prozessschritt in dem Profilierofen einzubringen, ist eine sehr genaue Temperaturregelung im Produktionsofen nicht erforderlich, so dass der Nachteil der schlechteren Regelbarkeit von Gasbrennern gegenüber der von elektrischen Heizungen zugunsten der Wirtschaftlichkeit für den günstigeren Energieträger Gas in Kauf genommen werden kann.It has proven advantageous to heat the production furnace with gas burners. This enables particularly economical heating of the components. Since the method according to the invention provides to heat the components in the production furnace only to a temperature below the AC3 temperature and to introduce the heat for heating defined areas to a temperature above the AC3 temperature in the profiling furnace in a later process step, this is a very precise one Temperature control in the production furnace is not necessary, so that the disadvantage of the poorer controllability of gas burners compared to that of electric heaters can be accepted in favor of the economic viability for the cheaper energy source gas.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist das Ofensystem einen Produktionsofen auf, der als Durchlaufofen über ein Transportsystem zum Durchleiten der Bauteile durch den Produktionsofen verfügt. Die Zykluszeit für die Erwärmung der Bauteile lässt sich so auf dem Niveau herkömmlicher Erwärmungsöfen für das Formhärteverfahren halten. Wenn der nachgeschaltete Verfahrensschritt des Aufprägens eines Temperaturprofils auf das Bauteil Zykluszeit bestimmend wird, so dass sich die Zykluszeit für den Gesamtprozess zu verlängern droht, kann ein Profilierofen mit mehreren Ebenen eingesetzt werden, in dem die Bauteile parallel oder teilparallel partiell weiter erwärmt werden. Auch der parallele Einsatz mehrerer Profilieröfen ist denkbar.In a further advantageous embodiment, the furnace system has a production furnace which, as a continuous furnace, has a transport system for passing the components through the production furnace. The cycle time for heating the components can thus be kept at the level of conventional heating ovens for the form hardening process. If the subsequent process step of stamping a temperature profile on the component determines the cycle time, so that the cycle time for the entire process threatens to be extended, a profiling furnace with multiple levels can be used, in which the components are partially or partially heated further in parallel. The parallel use of several profiling furnaces is also conceivable.
Um die Temperaturtoleranzen am Bauteil bei der gezielten Erwärmung einzelner Bereiche besonders eng halten zu können, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Temperaturführung in einem geschlossenen Regelkreis zu steuern. Dazu weist der Profilierofen in einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform Mittel zur Temperaturführung im geschlossenen Regelkreis auf. Dabei kann vorteilhafterweise auch mehr als ein Regelkreis vorgesehen werden.In order to be able to keep the temperature tolerances on the component particularly tight during the targeted heating of individual areas, it has proven to be advantageous to control the temperature control in a closed control loop. For this purpose, in an advantageous embodiment, the profiling furnace has means for temperature control in a closed control loop. Advantageously, more than one control loop can also be provided.
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Ofensystem weiterhin über ein Handlingsystem zum Handling der Bauteile verfügt. Das Handlingsystem kann die Bauteile gezielt und schnell in das Positioniersystem ablegen, dem Positioniersystem wieder entnehmen und in den produktspezifischen Zwischenflansch im Profilierofen einlegen und wieder entnehmen. Weiter kann das Handlingsystem die Bauteile anschließend in ein Pressenwerkzeug zum anschließenden Formhärten einlegen. Durch die Verwendung eines Handlingsystems ist die Verletzungsgefahr des Bedienpersonals durch die heißen Bauteile minimiert. Ein Handlingsystem führt die Bewegungen in definierten und reproduzierbaren Zeiten aus, so dass die Bauteile mit minimalen Temperaturtoleranzen in das Pressenwerkzeug zur Formhärtung eingelegt werden können, was sich als vorteilhaft für die Bauteilqualität erwiesen hat.It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the furnace system continues to have a handling system for handling the components. The handling system can quickly and precisely place the components in the positioning system, remove them from the positioning system and insert and remove them in the product-specific intermediate flange in the profiling furnace. The handling system can then insert the components into a press tool for subsequent form hardening. Using a handling system minimizes the risk of injury to operating personnel from the hot components. A handling system executes the movements in defined and reproducible times so that the components can be inserted into the press tool for mold hardening with minimal temperature tolerances, which has proven to be advantageous for the component quality.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich durch die folgenden Prozessschritte aus:
- Erwärmen eines Bauteils im Produktionsofen bis nahe an seine AC3-Temperatur;
- Positionieren des erwärmten Bauteils mittels eines Positioniersystems;
- Einbringen des positionierten Bauteils in eine definierte Position in dem Profilierofen;
- Aufbringen eines Temperaturprofils auf das Bauteil im Profilierofen durch Erwärmung ausgewählter Bereiche auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der AC3-Temperatur, wobei andere Bereiche auf einer Temperatur unterhalb der AC3-Temperatur gehalten werden;
- Austragen des mit einem Temperaturprofil versehenen Bauteils aus dem Profilierofen.
- Heating a component in the production furnace to close to its AC3 temperature;
- Positioning the heated component by means of a positioning system;
- Introducing the positioned component into a defined position in the profiling furnace;
- Applying a temperature profile to the component in the profiling furnace by heating selected areas to a temperature above the AC3 temperature, other areas being kept at a temperature below the AC3 temperature;
- Discharge of the component with a temperature profile from the profiling furnace.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Erwärmung des Bauteils im Produktionsofen mittels Gasbrennern erfolgt, wobei als Energieträger beispielsweise Erdgas benutzt werden kann.It has proven to be advantageous if the component is heated in the production furnace by means of gas burners, natural gas, for example, being used as the energy source.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform erfolgt das Einbringen des positionierten Bauteils in eine definierte Position in dem Profilierofen durch ein Handlingsystem. Die Vorteile hiervon sind, dass die Verletzungsgefahr für das Bedienpersonal minimiert ist und der Prozess durch die konstanten Handlingzeiten robuster wird. Von Vorteil ist dabei, dass ein solches System für bereits vorhandene Anlagen nachrüstbar ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, the positioned component is brought into a defined position in the profiling furnace by means of a handling system. The advantages of this are that the risk of injury for the operating personnel is minimized and the process becomes more robust due to the constant handling times. The advantage here is that such a system can be retrofitted to existing systems.
Vorteilhafterweise wird das Aufbringen eines Temperaturprofils auf das Bauteil im Profilierofen über einen geschlossenen Regelkreis gesteuert. Dadurch können engste Temperaturtoleranzen am Bauteil verwirklicht werden, was sich positiv auf die Qualität des formgehärteten Bauteils auswirkt. Zur Aufbringung des Temperaturprofils werden zu härtende Bereiche des Bauteils über einen produktspezifischen Zwischenflansch gezielt auf eine Temperatur oberhalb der AC3-Temperatur aufgeheizt, während andere Bereiche, die im Fertigteil eine höhere Dehnfähigkeit aufweisen sollen, auf einer Temperatur unterhalb der AC3-Temperatur gehalten werden.The application of a temperature profile to the component in the profiling furnace is advantageously controlled via a closed control loop. This allows the tightest temperature tolerances to be realized on the component, which has a positive effect on the quality of the form-hardened component. To apply the temperature profile, areas of the The component is specifically heated to a temperature above the AC3 temperature via a product-specific intermediate flange, while other areas, which are supposed to have a higher elasticity in the finished part, are kept at a temperature below the AC3 temperature.
Weitere Vorteile, Besonderheiten und zweckmäßige Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Darstellung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele anhand der Abbildung.Further advantages, special features and expedient developments of the invention result from the subclaims and the following illustration of preferred exemplary embodiments with reference to the figure.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- das erfindungsgemäße Ofensystem in einer Draufsicht
- Fig. 2
- eine Detailansicht des Profilierofens
- Fig. 3
- Schnitt A-A aus
Fig. 2
- Fig. 1
- the furnace system according to the invention in a plan view
- Fig. 2
- a detailed view of the profiling furnace
- Fig. 3
- Cut out AA
Fig. 2
Statt der erwähnten Roboter kann auch jedes andere geeignete Handlingsystem eingesetzt werden. In der in der Figur dargestellten Ausführungsform ist nur ein Profilierofen 40 mit einer Ebene beschrieben. Es ist aber genauso möglich, in dem Profilierofen 40 mehr als eine Ebene vorzusehen, wobei in jeder Ebene jeweils ein Oberund Unterteil, sowie eine Aufnahme für einen produktspezifischen Zwischenflansch vorgesehen ist, so dass mehreren Bauteile 5 parallel oder teilparallel ein Temperaturprofil aufgeprägt werden kann. Ebenso ist es zur Kapazitätserhöhung des Ofensystems 1 möglich, mehrere Profilieröfen 40 vorzusehen.Instead of the robots mentioned, any other suitable handling system can also be used. In the embodiment shown in the figure, only one profiling furnace 40 is described with one level. However, it is also possible to provide more than one level in the profiling furnace 40, an upper and lower part and a receptacle for a product-specific intermediate flange being provided in each level, so that a temperature profile can be impressed on a plurality of components 5 in parallel or partially parallel. Likewise, to increase the capacity of the
- 11
- Ofensystemfurnace system
- 55
- Stahlblechteil, BauteilSheet steel part, component
- 99
- Gasbrennergas burner
- 1010
- Produktionsofenproduction furnace
- 2020
- Positioniersystempositioning
- 2222
- Handlingsystemhandling system
- 3030
- harter Bereichhard area
- 4040
- ProfilierofenProfilierofen
- 4141
- Oberteiltop
- 4242
- Unterteillower part
- 4444
- Aufnahmeadmission
- 4545
- produktspezifischer Zwischenflanschproduct-specific intermediate flange
- 4646
- Heizelementheating element
- 4747
- Anschlussconnection
- 4848
- gekühlter Bereichrefrigerated area
- 4949
- KühlwasseranschlussCooling water connection
- 5050
- dehnfähiger Bereichstretchable area
- 6060
- Zweiter RoboterSecond robot
- 6161
- Erster RoboterFirst robot
- 7070
- Presswerkzeugpress tool
Claims (11)
- A furnace system (1) for partial heating of sheet steel parts (5) to a temperature above the Ac3 temperature with a production furnace (10) for heating the sheet steel parts (5) to a temperature close to but below the Ac3 temperature,
characterized in that
the furnace system (1) also has a profiling furnace (40) with at least one level, wherein the at least one level has an upper part (41) and a lower part (42), as well as a receptacle (44) for a product-specific intermediate flange (45) and the product-specific intermediate flange (45) introduced therein, and wherein the product-specific intermediate flange (45) is configured to impart a predetermined temperature profile to the component (5), with temperatures above Ac3 for areas (30) to be hardened and below Ac3 for softer areas (50), and means for active cooling of individual areas (48), wherein the product-specific intermediate flange (45) has electrical heating systems (46) for heating individual areas. - The furnace system (1) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the furnace system (1) also has a positioning system (20) on which the component (5) can be placed in a defined position after heating in the production furnace (10) and/or after heating in the profiling furnace (40). - The furnace system (1) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
that the product-specific intermediate flange (45) has a water cooling system in individual areas (48). - The furnace system (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
that the production furnace (10) is heated by means of gas burners (9). - The furnace system (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
that the production furnace (10) also has a transport system for conveying the components (5) through the production furnace (10). - The furnace system (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
that the furnace system (1) also has a handling system (22, 60, 61) for handling the components (5). - The furnace system (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the profiling furnace (40) has means for temperature control in a closed control circuit. - A method for partial heating of sheet steel parts (5) to a temperature above the Ac3 temperature, comprising the steps of
heating a component (5) in the production furnace (10) to close to its Ac3 temperature;
positioning the heated component (5) by means of a positioning system (20); introducing the positioned component (5) into a defined position in the profiling furnace (40);
application of a temperature profile to the component (5) in the profiling furnace (40) by heating selected areas (30) to a temperature above the Ac3 temperature by means of a product-specific intermediate flange (45), wherein other areas (50) are kept at a temperature below the Ac3 temperature in a targeted manner by active cooling by means of the product-specific intermediate flange (45);
discharging the component (5) provided with a temperature profile from the profiling furnace (40). - The method according to claim 8,
characterized in that
that the heating of the component (5) takes place in the production furnace (10) by means of gas burners (9). - The method according to one of claims 8 or 9,
characterized in that
the positioned component (5) is introduced into a defined position in the profiling furnace (40) by a handling system (22). - Method according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized in that
the application of a temperature profile to the component (5) in the profiling furnace (40) is controlled by means of a closed control circuit.
Priority Applications (12)
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PT111577219T PT2497840T (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Oven system and process for partially heating steel blanks |
ES11157721T ES2635765T5 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Furnace system and procedure for partial heating of sheet steel parts |
HUE11157721A HUE035766T2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Oven system and process for partially heating steel blanks |
EP11157721.9A EP2497840B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Oven system for partially heating steel blanks |
PL11157721T PL2497840T5 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Oven system and process for partially heating steel blanks |
KR1020137026638A KR20140044797A (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-03-09 | Furnace system for the controlled heat treatment of sheet metal parts |
CN201280022169.6A CN103534364B (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-03-09 | For the heat treated furnace system of control of metal plate component |
US14/003,997 US9493856B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-03-09 | Furnace system for the controlled heat treatment of sheet metal components |
BR112013023132A BR112013023132A2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-03-09 | oven system for specific heat treatment of sheet metal components |
JP2013557116A JP2014513206A (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-03-09 | Furnace system for controlled heat treatment of sheet metal parts |
PCT/EP2012/054139 WO2012120123A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-03-09 | Furnace system for the controlled heat treatment of sheet metal components |
US15/333,352 US10287650B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2016-10-25 | Furnace system for the controlled heat treatment of sheet metal parts |
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EP11157721.9A EP2497840B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2011-03-10 | Oven system for partially heating steel blanks |
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2011
- 2011-03-10 HU HUE11157721A patent/HUE035766T2/en unknown
- 2011-03-10 ES ES11157721T patent/ES2635765T5/en active Active
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- 2012-03-09 US US14/003,997 patent/US9493856B2/en active Active
- 2012-03-09 WO PCT/EP2012/054139 patent/WO2012120123A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-09 CN CN201280022169.6A patent/CN103534364B/en active Active
- 2012-03-09 BR BR112013023132A patent/BR112013023132A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-03-09 JP JP2013557116A patent/JP2014513206A/en active Pending
- 2012-03-09 KR KR1020137026638A patent/KR20140044797A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2497840A1 (en) | 2012-09-12 |
US9493856B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
ES2635765T5 (en) | 2020-09-28 |
PT2497840T (en) | 2017-08-08 |
PL2497840T5 (en) | 2020-07-27 |
US20140083572A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
PL2497840T3 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
BR112013023132A2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
HUE035766T2 (en) | 2018-05-28 |
CN103534364B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
KR20140044797A (en) | 2014-04-15 |
US10287650B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 |
CN103534364A (en) | 2014-01-22 |
WO2012120123A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
EP2497840B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
US20170037489A1 (en) | 2017-02-09 |
ES2635765T3 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
JP2014513206A (en) | 2014-05-29 |
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