CN102492818B - Thermal treatment process for inlaid steel guide rail - Google Patents
Thermal treatment process for inlaid steel guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN102492818B CN102492818B CN 201110438359 CN201110438359A CN102492818B CN 102492818 B CN102492818 B CN 102492818B CN 201110438359 CN201110438359 CN 201110438359 CN 201110438359 A CN201110438359 A CN 201110438359A CN 102492818 B CN102492818 B CN 102492818B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal treatment process for an inlaid steel guide rail. The process sequentially comprises the following steps of: heating a guide rail plate serving as a workpiece; quenching the guide rail plate; tempering; pressurizing after quenching, wherein the pressurizing step is specifically performed by pressing the workpiece in a rigid plate-shape tool for 3-5 minutes after quenching; and then the tempering step is performed. According to the thermal treatment process for the inlaid steel guide rail provided by the invention, the deformation of a steel plate is obviously reduced in comparison with the conventional process, and more ideal hardness can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermal treatment process of steel guideway middle guide panelling.
Background technology
Along with the development of machine tool industry, ultra-precision machine tool both domestic and external, numerically-controlled machine are more and more higher to the accuracy requirement of bed ways.Known, the mechanical property of bed ways and the quality of geometric accuracy directly affect working accuracy, supporting capacity and the work-ing life of lathe.Steel guideway has reasonable mechanical property and wear resistance, has obtained increasing application in the work in-process heart and numerically-controlled machine.And guide rail edge steel is the core component of steel guideway.
Although the application of steel guideway more and more comes into one's own, what determine guide rail panelling key property is the thickness of steel plate used, is limited to current processing condition, is the insoluble problem of machine industry always.Further, the difficult point of thickness just is quenching technology.If guide-rail plate is too thick, not only waste steel, make the material removal amount of lathe bed also larger, significantly increase process period.And blocked up guide-rail plate is difficult to through hardening.Edge to after on lathe through corase grind and the precision grinding process of guide rail, rigidity layer has larger minimizing, does not reach desirable wear-resisting effect, also greatly reduce work-ing life.And if guide-rail plate is too thin, the deflection of quenching rear rail plate is larger, the deflection maximum can reach 1-2mm, and opposite stays the mill amount generally will be controlled at about 0.4mm, obviously under above-mentioned deflection condition, is difficult to meet the requirement of following process operation.If there is no the measure of proofreading and correct, will bring very large difficulty of processing to follow-up grinder order.Therefore at the initial stage of guide rail edge steel, the thickness of guide-rail plate is all between 25mm-30mm, and material area is in 400 * 100mm left and right.
The third phase in 2007 (total 117 phases) has proposed a kind of " plate of moderate thickness quenching problem and Study on Deformation " that certain reference value is arranged " one heavy technology ", and to have introduced original thermal treatment process be to prevent that distortion is by a kind of method of equivalence increase steel plate thickness, being about to two workpiece uses bolt to put together on together, outside quenching faces, and its defective workmanship and reason have been made a concrete analysis of.Proposed a kind of novel process simultaneously, but also still adopted the method for closing two workpiece, just first with sleeve, two workpiece have been separated to the gap of about 30mm, then row is closing; Purpose is to increase the quenching area, reduces the sectional area that quenches, thereby has guaranteed enough speed of cooling, has and can make two faces of workpiece all can contact with quenching oil.Two faces accomplishing workpiece are evenly cooling, reduce thermal stresses.
Yet, inevitably can affect the quenching of this point and follow-up cooling to the existence of chalaza, its effect does not increase significantly.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of can hardening than the thermal treatment process of steel-sheet steel guideway, than existing technique, the deflection of steel plate is obviously reduced, and can obtain comparatively ideal hardness.
In order to realize goal of the invention of the present invention, institute is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of thermal treatment process of steel guideway, comprise the handle that sequentially carries out step and the quenching step as the guide-rail plate heating of workpiece, and tempering step, also be included in the pressurization steps after described quenching step, this pressurization steps is specially after the quenching step workpiece is flat in the plate shape frock of rigidity, carry out the compacting of 3 ~ 5 minutes, and then carry out tempering step.
Thermal treatment process according to above-mentioned steel guideway adopts the scheme of after quenching, workpiece being suppressed, and makes steel plate just complete the transformation of metallographic structure in steel plate after quenching is fuel-displaced, to guarantee there is no the plasticity bounce-back after roller flatteningl roller levelling.
About mechanism, the contriver thinks, metallographic structure after quenching in steel plate is a kind of unstable austenite-supercooled austenite that will change, now the plasticity of steel plate is best, so in this period, steel plate being taken out to pressing is the best moment, and, through repetition test, steel plate just be there will be no bounce-back after this stage pressing is cooling.Once and find to miss this opportunity, the supercooled austenite in steel plate will transform, and the deflection of steel plate will be increased, and is difficult to proofread and correct.
The contriver thinks that the physical property of utilizing Heat Treatment Of Steel carries out the processing of guide-rail plate, it is the new trial that solves the technical problem that the guide-rail plate heat treatment deformation is large, and find through long-term experiment, can produce technique effect preferably by this technological approaches, for solving the large problem of guide-rail plate heat treatment deformation, provide new approach.
Simultaneously, through measuring, the hardness of institute's acquisition guide rail panelling meets service requirements.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, described plate shape frock is selected the two plates frock, and the workpiece horizontal, between two steel plates, and steel plate thickness is not less than five times of thickness of workpiece; Simultaneously, carry out the pressure adjustment.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, the structure of carrying out the pressure adjustment is the pre-pressing structure between thread connection and above-mentioned two steel plates.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, the step of described guide-rail plate heating is controlled Heating temperature to preset heating temperature, and the control Heating temperature is no more than 10 ° of C of preset heating temperature up and down.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, described preset heating temperature is 900 ° of C, be 8 ~ 9 minutes corresponding heat-up time.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, described quenching step is oil quenching technique, the cool time is controlled at 40 ~ 60 seconds, 150-200 ° of C of coupling workpiece oil outlet temperature.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, in the quenching step, shake workpiece or disturbance quenching oil.
The thermal treatment process of above-mentioned steel guideway, the tempering time of described tempering step is 45 minutes, and controls tempering temperature at 260 ° of C, the workpiece horizontal naturally cooling after tempering.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The main TV structure schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is pressing tool.
Fig. 2 is the plan structure schematic diagram corresponding to Fig. 1, and in figure, dotted portion is work area.
In figure: 1, push bolt, 2, top board, 3, workpiece, 4, press table, 5, push bolt.
Embodiment
According to preferred embodiment of the present invention, a kind of thermal treatment process of steel guideway, comprise the handle that sequentially carries out step and the quenching step as the guide-rail plate heating of workpiece, and tempering step, prior step also can comprise the steps such as blanking, heat treatment normalizing, machining, brill fabrication hole.Core procedure is the pressurization steps after described quenching step, and this pressurization steps is specially after the quenching step workpiece is flat in the plate shape frock of rigidity, carries out the compacting of 3 ~ 5 minutes, and then carries out tempering step.
About the pressure setting of pressurization steps, through long-term experiment, to find, it is the moulding resilience of workpiece after quenching that pressurization needs the factor of considering, therefore, tests and can determine moulding pressure by limited number of time accordingly.This pressure easily obtains in plate shape frock, and also easily adjusts, and the pressure setting initial stage can adopt higher pressure.Another situation is to estimate a value by the Young's modulus of workpiece material, carries out the setting of original pressure.Original pressure is set up generally the value drawn according to Young's modulus and section factor and is multiplied by the coefficient of upper 1.5 ~ 1.8 again.
The contriver thinks, after quenching, after cleaning workpiece surface, uses frock to flatten steel plate, should be now the best stage of steel plate plasticity, also softer, easily is moulded the needed shape of external force.Steel plate naturally cooling after shaping, the tissue in steel plate becomes quenched martensite, and now steel plate inner tissue is relatively stable, the internal stress less, deflection thereafter is less.
About the press time, pressing process is also a process of cooling, and the selected press time, through verification experimental verification, meets the change procedure of theoretic metallographic structure, and the press time is to guarantee completing of this process.Owing to a collection of workpiece, also can having individual character, therefore, proper extension again within seclected time, get the coefficient of 1.1 with the maximum value of experiment statistics data, can meet the thermal treatment with batch workpiece.
About the selection of frock, should adopt the more intense pressing plate of rigidity, the structure of pressing plate is that described plate shape frock is selected the two plates frock, the workpiece horizontal, between two steel plates, and steel plate thickness is not less than five times of thickness of workpiece, to meet rigidity requirement; Even if thicker frock is arranged, but also may not meet the requirement of pressure, now need to coordinate auxiliary pressure device, additional weight that can be extra, but this will certainly cause the loaded down with trivial details of the too fat to move of framework and operation.Therefore, structure is that the structure of carrying out the pressure adjustment is the pre-pressing structure between thread connection and above-mentioned two steel plates preferably, preliminary tension by bolt obtains needed pressure, and preliminary tension can directly read by torque spanner, through converting, can obtain corresponding pressure.
Use the technique of pressing plate compacting to meet than thick quench treatment of platelet, thickness of slab is no longer the category that steel guideway is considered in theory.Nature, those skilled in the art can know, and steel plated guideway plate also can not be too thin, so application this programme can obtain the steel plated guideway plate of better economy.
In addition, according to such scheme, the contriver thinks, the operation in early stage can produce on follow-up operation certain impact, the refrigerant that above-mentioned quenching step is used is oil, and main points are heat-up time and cool time, method, makes steel plate just complete the transformation of metallographic structure in steel plate quenching after fuel-displaced, to guarantee there is no the plasticity bounce-back, the Reducing distortion amount after roller flatteningl roller levelling.
The step of the heating of guide-rail plate described in prior step is controlled Heating temperature to preset heating temperature, and the control Heating temperature is no more than 10 ° of C of preset heating temperature up and down, control temperature in certain interval, can obtain more stable metallographic structure, obvious, metallographic structure meets the described relevant metallographic structure of aforementioned content, therefore, learn and can draw corresponding thermal treatment temp interval according to metal heating processing technology, namely the respective phase change warm area of associated metal.In this warm area, according to steel guideway material thermal treatment physical property, further selection is that described preset heating temperature is 900 ° of C, and be 8 ~ 9 minutes corresponding heat-up time, meets phase-change metal and obtain adequately and uniformly.
The processing condition that further ensure are that as previously mentioned, described quenching step is oil quenching technique, for the target compound of foundation this programme, thin-slab construction namely, the cool time is controlled at 40 ~ 60 seconds, just can through hardening, coupling workpiece oil outlet temperature should be controlled at 150-200 ° of C.
Preferably, in the quenching step, shake workpiece or disturbance quenching oil.
Because steel plate is thinner, the time in oil is unsuitable long again, so shake or disturbance itself are in order to accelerate flowing of oil, to prevent that oily medium is uneven in temperature even, and causes the steel plate deformed amount to increase.Can also accelerate the thermal velocity that is subject to of steel plate, make steel plate reach evenly and rapidly fuel-displaced temperature.Within the time of test determination, metallographic structure in steel plate is a kind of unstable austenite-supercooled austenite that will change, now the plasticity of steel plate is best, so in this period, steel plate being taken out to pressing is the best moment, and, through repetition test, steel plate just be there will be no bounce-back after this stage pressing is cooling.Once miss this opportunity, the supercooled austenite in steel plate will transform, and the deflection of steel plate will be increased, and is difficult to proofread and correct.
The tempering time of described tempering step is 45 minutes, and controls tempering temperature at 260 ° of C, the workpiece horizontal naturally cooling after tempering.Tempering is in order to eliminate the stress of steel plate inside, makes steel plate inner tissue reach a kind of steady state, improves the precision hold-time of guide rail.This tempering belongs to conventional average tempering.
Example 1:
Workpiece is selected: material is the 40Cr hot-rolled steel sheet; According to length * wide * thick blanking, obtain the steel plate of blank 400mm * 190mm * 10mm.
Typical process flow is: blanking-heat treatment normalizing-machining is milled surrounding-machining boring-thermal treatment salt stove heating-oil quenching-special tooling and is flattened guide-rail plate-cooling-tempering-machining mill top and bottom-mill surrounding.
Initial condition for surveys is except considering sheet member (example thickness 10mm, 25mm ~ 30mm much smaller than similar general steel guideway blank) corresponding minimizing of cool time arranged, and, outside the special tooling increased pressing guide-rail plate, other processing condition, can be identical with existing processing condition.Certainly, the time of salt stove heating steps wherein also can also can correspondingly reduce because thickness of slab is less, only is to verify that special tooling flattens the technique effect of guide-rail plate here.
Workpiece is 8 minutes in salt stove heat-up time, heating and temperature control is at 900 ± 10 ° of C, then workpiece is proceeded in quenching oil, cool time is controlled at 40 seconds, oil temperature is controlled at 65 ° of C, the oil outlet temperature that infrared measurement of temperature is measured is 177 ° of C, because being subject to environment and individuality, affects, and the oil outlet temperature of each workpiece under identical processing condition has difference.
Then, after wiping clean the guide-rail plate surface, use the special tooling as shown in attached Fig. 1 and 2 to flatten steel plate, 3 minutes press times.The hardness that the mensuration workpiece flattens after step reaches HRC48.
Then carry out temper, tempered condition is tempering time 45 minutes, 260 ° of C of tempering temperature, and temper number is HRC45.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching completes | Flatten naturally cooling without pressing plate | 0.65mm |
| After oil quenching completes, tempering is arranged | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.09mm |
Successively the experiment condition of same group of this example more than sample is carried out specificly, flatten without pressing plate after oil quenching completes, the maximum deformation quantity of naturally cooling is 0.68mm, least amount of deformation 0.; Tempering carry out the special tooling pressing, naturally cooling, maximum deformation quantity 0.1mm, least amount of deformation 0.08mm after oil quenching completes.
Under above processing condition, after another group sample employing oil quenching is completed, without tempering, special tooling flattens, naturally cooling, and the maximum deformation quantity 0.2mm of mensuration, least amount of deformation is 0.15mm.
Example 2:
60 seconds adjusting process parameter cool times, 192 ° of C of the oil outlet temperature of mensuration, other processing condition, with example 1, are used the special tooling as shown in attached Fig. 1 and 2 to flatten steel plate, 3 minutes press times.The hardness that the mensuration workpiece flattens after step reaches HRC49.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching completes | Flatten naturally cooling without pressing plate | 0.67mm |
| After oil quenching completes, tempering is arranged | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.09mm |
Same group of sample measured, the deformation characteristic of example 1 substantially roughly the same, maximum deformation quantity is slightly high.
Corase grind 10mm size two sides, after grinding off 0.5mm, 90% area grinds.While being milled to 9mm, all grind on two sides, within the steel plate deformed amount is controlled at 0.1mm, reaches the requirement of guide rail panelling.The existing technique that needs larger stock removal in the contrast background technology, not only solved the quenching heat treatment that contains than light sheet according to this programme, and meet the requirement of guide rail panelling fully.
After measuring tempering, workpiece hardness can reach HRC46.
Example 3:
Adopt identical workpiece with example 1 and 2, the cool time is 45 seconds, 65 ° of C of oil temperature, 182 ° of C of workpiece oil outlet temperature; Other processing condition are identical.After oil quenching, hardness reaches HRC48.After oil quenching, compacting is 5 minutes, tempering time 45 minutes, and 260 ° of C of tempering temperature, temper number is HRC46.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching completes | Flatten naturally cooling without pressing plate | 0.75mm |
| After oil quenching completes, tempering is arranged | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.07mm |
Same group of sample measured, and in this group sample, according to the thermal treatment process of this programme and comparing of traditional technology, difference is larger, adopt the least amount of deformation of this programme can reach 0.07mm, and the traditional technology least amount of deformation can only reach 0.7mm.
Example 4:
Adopt identical workpiece with above-mentioned example, 50 seconds cool times, 65 ° of C of oil temperature oil temperature, 187 ° of C of workpiece oil outlet temperature; Other processing condition are identical.After oil quenching, hardness reaches HRC48.After oil quenching, compacting is 4.5 minutes, tempering time 45 minutes, and 260 ° of C of tempering temperature, temper number is HRC46.
Deflection is measured:
| The steel plate state | Processing mode | Deflection |
| After oil quenching completes | Flatten naturally cooling without pressing plate | 0.72mm |
| After oil quenching completes, tempering is arranged | Special tooling flattens, naturally cooling | 0.07mm |
Same group of sample measured, and in this group sample, according to the thermal treatment process of this programme and comparing of traditional technology, difference is also larger, adopts the least amount of deformation of this programme can reach 0.07mm, and maximum deformation quantity reaches 0.08; And the traditional technology least amount of deformation can only reach 0.7mm, maximum deformation quantity reaches 0.75mm.
Example 5: with the test of 10mm 45# hot-rolled steel sheet; Blanking rail board size 400 * 190 * 8; All the other conditions are the same with the 40Cr steel plate in example 1 to 4, in oil oven after heating respectively with oily and use water quenching.Be quenched to room temperature at oil (water), oil quenching hardness HRC32 left and right, distortion 2-3mm; Water quenching hardness HRC52, distortion 6-7mm.
With the 45# steel, quench, oil quenching hardness does not reach design requirements HRC42, and distortion is large, after processing, can not guarantee the design thickness size, is out of shape inhomogeneous; Although the water quenching hardness can reach design requirements, to be out of shape too greatly, following process can't complete.
The scheme in recommendation example 5 not.
It is noted that in addition in quenching process, fully take into account thin plate be difficult for quenching long-time, for can through hardening, preferably adopt shake workpiece or disturbance quenching oil, within the corresponding shorter cool time, if there is no this step, can control and produce certain impact final deflection.The contriver thinks, reason may be if quench thoroughly or quench inhomogeneous, can produce additional thermal stresses, and then produce additional distortion, affects final deflection and controls.
Claims (7)
1. the thermal treatment process of a steel guideway, comprise the handle that sequentially carries out step and the quenching step as the guide-rail plate heating of workpiece, and tempering step, thermal treatment for the 40Cr steel guideway, it is characterized in that: also be included in the pressurization steps after described quenching step, this pressurization steps is specially after the quenching step workpiece is flat in the plate shape frock of rigidity, carries out the compacting of 3 ~ 5 minutes, and then carries out tempering step; Wherein, in the quenching step, shake workpiece or disturbance quenching oil.
2. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plate shape frock is selected the two plates frock, and the workpiece horizontal, between two steel plates, and steel plate thickness is not less than five times of thickness of workpiece; Simultaneously, carry out the pressure adjustment.
3. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the structure of carrying out the pressure adjustment is the pre-pressing structure between thread connection and above-mentioned two steel plates.
4. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the step of described guide-rail plate heating is controlled Heating temperature to preset heating temperature, and the control Heating temperature is no more than 10 ° of C of preset heating temperature up and down.
5. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described preset heating temperature is 900 ° of C, and be 8 ~ 9 minutes corresponding heat-up time.
6. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described quenching step is oil quenching technique, and the cool time is controlled at 40 ~ 60 seconds, 150-200 ° of C of coupling workpiece oil outlet temperature.
7. the thermal treatment process of steel guideway according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the tempering time of described tempering step is 45 minutes, and control tempering temperature at 260 ° of C, the workpiece horizontal naturally cooling after tempering.
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| CN108728627A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-02 | 沈阳海克机床有限公司 | A kind of steel guide rail salt bath furnace integral quenching cold and hot working technique of 9Mn2CrV materials |
| CN114226501A (en) * | 2021-11-06 | 2022-03-25 | 江苏富冠金属科技有限公司 | Moulding device after guide rail quenching |
| CN117004799B (en) * | 2023-09-24 | 2023-12-22 | 江苏朗锐茂达铸造有限公司 | Quenching equipment and method for thin-wall special-shaped piece of subway bogie |
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| JP3605276B2 (en) * | 1998-01-26 | 2004-12-22 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | Induction hardened steel and linear motion device for foreign matter resistant environment |
| JPH11264016A (en) * | 1998-03-18 | 1999-09-28 | Thk Co Ltd | Method for heat treating stainless steel and heat resistance stainless steel |
| JP2000054027A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-22 | Nippon Seiko Kk | Production of linear guide rail |
| JP4698921B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2011-06-08 | 出光興産株式会社 | Quenching method |
| CN100343651C (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-10-17 | 上海新三思计量仪器制造有限公司 | Method for manufacturing steel inlaid guide rail sheet of large tonnage tester for metal tension test |
| CN101463417B (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2011-04-06 | 天水星火机床有限责任公司 | Heat treatment method for strip steel inlaid guide rail |
| DE102009015013B4 (en) * | 2009-03-26 | 2011-05-12 | Voestalpine Automotive Gmbh | Process for producing partially hardened steel components |
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