CN1554217A - 具有优良电磁屏蔽性能的钢板和热浸电镀钢板 - Google Patents

具有优良电磁屏蔽性能的钢板和热浸电镀钢板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1554217A
CN1554217A CNA018052525A CN01805252A CN1554217A CN 1554217 A CN1554217 A CN 1554217A CN A018052525 A CNA018052525 A CN A018052525A CN 01805252 A CN01805252 A CN 01805252A CN 1554217 A CN1554217 A CN 1554217A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
steel plate
content
weight
hot dipping
electromagnetic shielding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA018052525A
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English (en)
Inventor
李在永
金逸荣
孙晋君
赵雷夏
郭荣镇
权纯宙
金容敏
李贞植
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology RIST
Posco Holdings Inc
Original Assignee
Posco Co Ltd
Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology RIST
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR10-2000-0078772A external-priority patent/KR100490989B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR10-2000-0081056A external-priority patent/KR100454746B1/ko
Application filed by Posco Co Ltd, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology RIST filed Critical Posco Co Ltd
Publication of CN1554217A publication Critical patent/CN1554217A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/06—Aluminium; Calcium; Magnesium; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
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    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明揭示了一种具有优良电磁屏蔽性能的钢板和一种具有优良电磁屏蔽性能的热浸电镀钢板。该钢板由一种组合物制备而成，其中，以重量含量计，该组合物中C，N和S的含量之和为0.150％或更低；Mn的含量为0.1％～1.0％；Si的含量为0.5％或更低；Al的含量为1.0％或更低；P的含量为0.06％或更低；其余的为Fe和必然存在的元素。该钢板的屈服强度为18Kg/mm2或更高；延伸率为40％或更高。该热浸电镀钢板由一种组合物制备而成，其中，以重量含量计，该组合物中C，N和S的含量为0.0150％或更低；Mn的含量为0.2％～0.8％；Al的含量为0.6％或更低；Si的含量为0.4％或更低；P的含量为0.06％或更低，条件是Mn，Al，Si和P重量含量之和为0.2－1.0％；其余的为Fe和必然存在的元素。该热浸电镀钢板除了具有较高的屈服强度外，还由于表面镀有防腐元素而具有防腐性。

Description

具有优良电磁屏蔽性能的钢板和热浸电镀钢板
发明领域
本发明涉及一种电磁屏蔽钢板和一种热浸电镀钢板，其用于建筑和电子设备方面，例如工程仪表板，电子设备外壳，输电线的控制板，等等。特别地，本发明涉及对60Hz的电磁场显示26dB或更高的屏蔽效应(屏蔽效率为95％)、屈服强度为18～25kg/mm2、延伸率为40％或更高的钢板和热浸电镀钢板。
背景技术
许多自然和人造源能够产生电磁波形式的电磁能。这些电磁波是由振荡电磁场组成，该电磁场能与细胞，植物，动物，或人类这样的生物系统发生不同的相互作用。人们发现电磁波对人体存在不利影响，这一发现促进了屏蔽电磁波的各种方法和材料的发展。对人体产生不利影响的波总称有害波。
近年的研究表明低频电磁波对生物系统存在有害影响。特别地，一系列的研究揭示了输电线附近产生的电磁场与致癌作用的相互关系，这在全世界产生了重大影响。
除了致癌作用外，低频磁性波会使长时间暴露于该波下的人体中产生感应电流，从而破坏了各种离子如Na+，K+，Cl-等离子的跨细胞膜的生理平衡，导致肌体的激素分泌和免疫细胞受到不利影响。
此外，其他研究结果表明了磁场对褪黑激素分秘的影响，褪黑激素是负责控制睡眠周期的激素，而且长期暴露于磁场下会得失眠症。
由于电磁场对人体的不利影响引起了人们对环境的关注，所以各国相继制定法律来降低由各类电气设备和电磁设备释放出来的电磁波的可容许的水平。而且，把对电子和/或电磁设备的电磁波的控制作为这类设备的进口壁垒。例如，瑞典和其它欧洲国家限制进口磁漏高于2mG的电视机或计算机监视器。
与此类似，韩国制定法律来控制频带电磁场的暴露极限(Standardsfor human body protection from electromagnetic waves；Notification No.2000-91 of the Ministry of Information and Communication of Korea)。同时，韩国颁布法律通告：电磁波被定为环境污染源(Publication No.2001-77 of the Ministry of the Environment of Korea)。
为了解决上述有害电磁波对人体的影响，屏蔽技术在两方面得到发展：结构和材料。在建筑方面，美国第6,282,848号专利和日本特开平7-32136中公开了磁屏蔽室。象铜这样的导电材料目前正用作抗电磁波的屏蔽材料，如日本专利公开号2001-217589中的描述。然而，这样的材料仅能用于高频电磁波中(高于1KHz)。
60Hz的电磁波通常在普通电源中检出，它由一个电场分量和一个磁场分量组成，二者皆随时间而变化。所以，为了屏蔽这些对人体健康有不利影响的低频电磁波，时变的电场和磁场应一起考虑。然而还没有开发出有效屏蔽时变电磁场的钢板的应用技术。
具有高磁导率的钢板通常用于电磁屏蔽。例如，日本特开平10-208670号和特开平10-96067号以及PCT WO 97/11204公开了静磁场屏蔽钢板可用在例如电视监视器的彩色显像管中，目的是预防电视机监视器的色彩调制。在地球磁场这样的静磁场下，可以利用上述钢板的抗磁力和磁导率，但是却不能应付时变电磁场。因此，常规的钢板与电磁波屏蔽所用钢板有所不同。
根据不同情况的需要，要求建筑材料不能使电磁波透过材料。关于这一点，建议将热轧厚硅钢板应用于电磁场屏蔽结构中，这项技术公开在日本专利公开2001-107201号和2001-107202号中。然而，建筑材料仅利用了静磁场下硅钢板的高磁导率，而对电场的屏蔽效应却没有描述。而且，因钢板没经冷轧处理只经热轧处理，所以其成型性和可镀性(电镀层的性能)很差。
同时，本发明人在韩国专利申请1999-52018号中公开了一种在低频下具有优良的屏蔽效应的钢材料。屏蔽性能是在静磁场下，通过测量钢板的电导率和磁导率而得到的理论值，因此，它和真实值不同。这样在实际应用中就遇到了困难，所以，仍需要在时变磁场中进行屏蔽评价。
为了满足这一需要，根据频率来评价钢板的屏蔽性能的方法已被开发出来(韩国专利号2000-799907和2000-80886)，现在处于应用之中。
通常钢板的屏蔽效率可以由下面的方程式得到：
方程式1
Figure A0180525200061
方程式2
以单位dB表示，钢板的屏蔽效应可以由下面的方程式得到：
方程式3
Figure A0180525200063
方程式4
根据方程式可知，具有90％屏蔽效率(电磁波消减到十分之一)的屏蔽材料的屏蔽效应可表示为20dB。具有95％屏蔽效率(电磁波消减到二十分之一)的屏蔽材料的屏蔽效应相当于大约26dB。
以本发明人看来，韩国专利申请2000-81056号是针对生物波(biowave)钢板展开论述的，该钢板是基于在其上涂覆了能够释放远红外辐射的粉末的电磁屏蔽冷轧钢板。为了提高抗时变磁场的屏蔽效应，也就是说，为了得到在时变磁场中的高磁导率，屏蔽电磁波的生物波钢板含有0.02％或更低的碳以及0.5～3.5％的硅。
尽管C的含量为0.02％或更低的冷轧钢板具有优越的电磁屏蔽效应，但却发现它强度很差。不仅因为颗粒尺寸使它的结构变得粗糙，而且由于碳固溶体的减少，以及钢板的碳沉积物较少，钢板的应变降低。因此，这种钢板不适于应用在需要合适强度的建筑材料和设备中。
Si含量为0.5～3.5％的硅钢板具有优良的磁屏蔽效应，但其电屏蔽效应差。尤其是这类硅钢板强度太高，成型性太差(延伸率为40％或更低)，所以很难应用于需要材料成型性的建筑和家用电器中。在Si钢板被层压以用在磁心中的情况下，电绝缘材料被涂覆在层状结构的表面上，以将涡流损耗减至最低。这样，在硅钢板上镀Zn这样的防腐物质是不可能的。此外，Si钢板很昂贵，因为它们不是由普通冷轧工艺(退火温度小于900℃)生产出来的，而是在特殊的炉子里在很高的温度(高于900℃)下退火。由于以上原因，硅钢板不适合用作建筑和家用电器的面板材料。
如果硅钢板用于户外环境，象建筑外部装修，那它必须能够防腐。在这一方面，热浸电镀防腐物质被应用于这样的外部装修。根据本发明人的实验，其中在硅钢板去除绝缘材料后再通过热浸电镀镀上锌，发现硅钢板由于存在锌的缘故，电镀效果很差。
发明的公开
本发明中，对适合建筑和电器设备的电磁屏蔽钢板进行彻底广泛的研究后，得到以下结果：间隙元素C，N和S以及辅助元素Si，Al，Mn和P对电磁屏蔽效应和钢板的强度有着巨大的影响，辅助元素的浓度影响着钢板的热轧电镀的效果。
因此，本发明的一个目的是克服现有技术中遇到的困难，提供一种钢板和一种热浸镀锌钢板，该钢板在1mm厚度的基础上对60Hz时变电磁场的屏蔽效应为26dB(屏蔽效率95％)或更高，钢板的屈服强度为18-25kg/mm2，延伸率为40％或更高。
根据本发明的一方面，提供一种具有电磁屏蔽效应的钢板。此钢板由一种组合物制备而成，该组合物中C，N和S的含量之和为0.0150重量％或更低；含有0.1-1.0重量％的Mn；含有0.5重量％或更低的Si；含有1.0重量％或更低的Al；含有0.06重量％或更低的P；其余的为Fe和必然存在的元素。
根据本发明的另一方面，提供一种具有高电磁屏蔽能力和高屈服强度的热浸镀锌钢板。此钢板由一种组合物制备而成，该组合物中C，N和S的含量之和为0.0150重量％或更低；含有0.2-0.8重量％的Mn；含有0.6重量％或更低的Al；含有0.4重量％或更低的Si；含有0.06重量％或更低的P，条件是Mn，Al，Si和P的总含量为0.2～1.0重量％；其余的为Fe和必然存在的元素。
实施发明的最佳方式
本发明是关于屏蔽电磁场的钢板。磁场是由电流产生的，而电场是由电压引起的。低频下，电磁波分成电分量和磁分量。为了能够用作电磁屏蔽，材料必须能削弱或屏蔽电分量和磁分量。
材料抗低频磁场的磁屏蔽效应是由改变磁通量通路和引起涡流损耗的能力决定的。在这里，磁通量通路的改变意味着，当屏蔽材料遇到有害磁场时，材料表面产生电磁场能够流过的通道，这样磁场就不会进入屏蔽材料内部，而引到别处被消散。在这里，涡流损耗表明：当波形式的磁场遇到屏蔽材料时，在屏蔽材料上以对消磁场方向循环的涡电流将磁场在屏蔽材料的表面以热能的形式消耗掉。具有高磁导率的材料在改变磁通量通路方面具有较大的优越性。同时，低频下产生的涡流损耗，随屏蔽材料的电导率和磁导率的增加而明显增加。因此，60Hz下，具有高电导率和高磁导率的钢板表现出优异的低频磁场屏蔽性能。
即使电流不流动，也可以由电势差的存在感生出电场。为了防止屏蔽空间感生电场，屏蔽空间必须处于等电势状态。由于电导率越高抑制电势差的产生效果就越好，所以具有高体积电导率的材料是理想的电屏蔽材料。
根据本发明人的经验，在有电磁波这样的时变电磁场存在下，要准确测定材料的电导性和磁导率是很困难的。此外，在测量电导性和磁导率的过程中，样品的制备很复杂，而导致大的误差。
在本发明中，测定了钢板的抗电磁场的屏蔽效应。在此方面，低频磁屏蔽效应是用测量在时变电磁场中的磁屏蔽效应的仪器来评价的(韩国专利号2000-79907和2000-80886)。对于抗时变电场的屏蔽效应，是在屏蔽材料存在和不存在的条件下，使用置于屏蔽室外面的60Hz下的1,200v/m的电压源，通过测量其电场强度的比率测定的。
除了Fe之外，钢板可以包含其它的不同元素。通常加入到铁磁性Fe中以提高钢板的强度和防腐性能的合金元素影响时变磁场(60Hz)中钢板的最大磁导率和电导率。而且，磁导率和电导率随钢板的C含量和颗粒尺寸的变化而变化。当然，由于象固溶体硬化、晶粒细化等增强机理的变化，不同组成的钢板表现出不同的机械性能。
根据本发明，提供一种适合建筑和装饰板的钢板，即屈服强度为18～25kg/mm2，电磁屏蔽性能为95％(26dB)或更高。本发明人做了广泛、彻底的实验研究，实验中当钢板的组成改变时，测量了钢板的电磁屏蔽效应和机械强度，得到结论：每一组分在决定钢板的电磁屏蔽效应和强度方面的作用是确定的。特别地，发现了C，N，S，Si，Al，Mn和P对钢板的电磁屏蔽效应和机械强度的影响很大。根据实验结果，可以得到最佳的钢组合物体系。
另外，实验发现：Si，Al和Mn这类辅助元素的含量影响着钢板的热浸镀锌，使得钢板在热浸可镀性，以及屏蔽效应和强度方面更加优越。
总之，钢板的电磁屏蔽效应很大程度上依赖于N，C和S这类间隙元素的含量，或者那些能形成沉淀的元素的含量。例如，钢板的内应力随C，N和S的浓度的增加而增加，而钢板的强度也随C，N和S含量的增加而增加。同时，间隙元素C，N和S以Fe3C，AlN和MnS形式分别沉淀下来，从而提高了钢板的强度。
然而，应变增加和沉淀的形成引起了钢板磁导率和电导率的下降，因此降低了钢板的屏蔽性能。事实上，仅使用这样的间隙元素就要得到具有合适的强度和高于95％的屏蔽效应是非常困难的。
根据本发明，C，N和S的总量对钢板的电磁屏蔽性能具有决定性影响，所以在钢组合物中该总量限为最高0.015％。
优选C和N每一种的含量都小于0.0030％、S的含量控制在0.0090％，这样能确保钢板具有电磁屏蔽性能和机械成型性。
如果间隙元素C、N和S按上述确定的量使用，钢板强度会变差。为了弥补间隙元素的最小含量所引起的强度减弱，需要其它元素来使固溶体硬化，以增加钢板的强度。然而，为了提高钢板的强度，应限制元素的用量和种类，以防因使磁导率和电导性的大幅度下降而减弱电磁屏蔽效应。
本发明的钢板含有一定量的Si。增加Si的含量可以提高钢板的强度，但却能降低磁屏蔽性能。特别地，当钢板中Si的含量超过0.5重量％时，它的延伸率大大降低，同时，磁屏蔽能力变得很弱，所以Si含量超过0.5％的钢板不适合用作必须具有足够的机械成型性的建筑和家用电器上的磁场屏蔽板。因此，根据本发明，Si的含量限制在最多0.5重量％。Si含量较高的硅钢板通常具有较高的磁导率，因而具有较好的磁屏蔽效应。然而，本发明的钢板不具有这样的效应，因为本发明中使用的钢板是按照冷轧工艺制成的，没有经过普通硅钢板进行的热退火工艺。
本发明的钢板还含有一定量的Al。Al提高了钢板的强度而又没有明显降低钢板的电磁屏蔽效应。本发明中钢板的Al的重量含量最高为1.0％。如果Al的重量含量超过1.0％，那会使钢板的抗电磁场的屏蔽能力明显下降，使钢板的延伸率局限在小于40％的范围内。
在电磁屏蔽效应和机械性能方面，Al表现出和Si相似的效果。人们认为相似的效果是因为两种元素在对钢板的磁导率和电导性的影响及增强机理很相似。
本发明的钢板中也含有Mn。即使钢板中含有大量的Mn，也不会改变电屏蔽性能，因为Mn元素不会影响钢板的电导率。然而，钢板的机械性能和磁屏蔽性能会随Mn含量的变化而大幅度变化。
当Mn的重量含量达0.1％时，除使钢板具有合适的强度(屈服强度18kg/mm2)外，Mn通常有利于钢板的磁屏蔽效应(高于26dB)、延伸率(高于40％)。然而，当Mn的重量含量增加到超过1.0％时，钢板的磁屏蔽效应不会进一步提高，而延伸率会降低。考虑到以上实验结果，Mn的重量含量为0.1～1.0％。
P在其重量含量小于0.06％时，尽管起到增加钢板的强度的作用，但不会很明显的影响钢板的电磁屏蔽效应。当P的重量含量大于0.06％时，钢板强度反常地增加到25kg/mm2，而屏蔽效应下降。因此，本发明的钢板中P的重量含量小于0.06％。
在钢板的制造过程中，除了某些不可避免的元素存在外，其它象Ti，V和Nb这样的元素最好不要含在本发明的钢板之内，因为它们除了破坏低频电磁屏蔽性能外，还使钢板的颗粒尺寸。所以，本发明的钢板要尽可能的排除能引起钢板颗粒尺寸下降的元素。
为了使含有上述规定组分的钢板具有防腐能力，可对其进行电镀。例如，镀有锌层的钢板和表面不镀任何物质的钢板具有同样的电磁屏蔽效应。原因在于锌层很薄，几乎没有磁性能。
为了提高冷轧钢板的防腐能力，可以对钢板热浸电镀锌和铝。
因为Si，Al和Mn对钢板的热浸电镀影响很大，如果钢板本身受到热浸电镀，那么就会出现电镀缺陷。因此，根据本发明，提供一种热浸电镀钢板，其元素的含量得到最优控制，以便避免电镀缺陷的出现。
为了确保钢板的热浸电镀效果，优选Si的重量含量为0.4％或更低。因Si很容易氧化，如果它的含量过高，就会在冷轧钢板的表面上形成不利电镀效果的SiO2。如果Si的重量含量在0.2～0.4％的范围内，钢板热浸电镀后，钢板表面会发黑，但它和电镀缺陷有所区别。这一问题可以通过随后的表皮光轧工艺来解决。在此，表皮光轧指钢板在低负荷下轧制，为了控制钢板的形状和粗糙度，它是在产品生产的最后阶段进行的。因此，优选Si的重量含量为0.2％或更低，这样热浸电镀后就不需要进行额外的表皮光轧工艺过程。
关于钢板的热浸电镀，优选钢板中Al的重量含量为0.6％或更低。Al的重量含量大于0.6％会降低钢板的可镀性，因而会引起电镀缺陷。Al的重量含量在0.4～0.6％之间时，可以看见轻微的电镀缺陷，但这样的电镀缺陷可以通过热浸电镀之后的表皮光轧过程将其去除。因此，要省略额外的表皮光轧过程就要限制Al的重量含量为0.4％或更低。
对于Mn来说，优选Mn的重量含量在0.2～0.8％的范围。例如，如果Mn的含量太小，很难确保钢板的强度达合适的水平。另一方面，Mn的重量含量超过0.8％时，在热浸电镀时容易引起电镀缺陷。
根据本发明，Mn，Si，Al和P的重量含量占钢板重量的0.2～1.0％。当Mn，Si，Al和P的重量含量之和小于0.2％时，钢板的强度仅能增加到最高18kg/mm2。当Mn，Si，Al和P的重量含量之和超过1.0％时，钢板显示出极差的磁屏蔽效应，而且，会出现热浸电镀缺陷。
在热浸电镀性能方面，其它组成元素P，C，N和S的含量按上述来限定。
通过按上述方法来控制辅助元素的含量，就会有效地生产出具有优良的电磁屏蔽效应和热浸电镀性能的钢板。
根据本发明，钢板上可以涂覆一层有机树脂，这样钢板就有颜色了。钢板上涂覆一层如聚乙烯或丙烯酸树脂这样的含有颜料的有机树脂后，叫做PCM钢板(预涂钢板)，这样的PCM钢板具有特性电磁屏蔽性能和它以前具有的机械性能，这不仅因为树脂里的染料不具有磁性，而且因为涂层厚度薄至25μm。
根据本发明，远红外辐射率大于0.9的远红外辐射粉末，能在电镀钢板或钢板的热浸电镀层上形成一层厚度为15～60μm的辐射层。此种远红外辐射粉末具有高于1m2/g的比表面积，含有17～99％的Mg(OH)2。
上面总的描述了本发明，要进一步了解可以通过参考下面的一些特定实施例，这些例子的目的是为了说明本发明，在没有特殊说明的情况下，本发明不受下述例子的限制。
实施例1
为了测试间隙元素C，N和S的电磁屏蔽性能，制备不同组成的钢板，其具有不同的N、C和S含量，如下表1所示。在真空下熔化每一种钢组合物30kg。表1中，“Tr”指不添加元素。
钢板在1250℃下重新加热，并热轧至终温为900℃，得到2mm厚的热轧钢板。钢板的热轧皮屑可以通过酸浸去除。将酸浸的热轧钢板冷轧成厚度为1mm，厚度缩减50％。随后采用连续退火模拟设备，在850℃下退火，生产冷轧钢板。
借助电磁屏蔽效应分析器，测量了每块冷轧钢板在60Hz下的电磁屏蔽效应，结果列于下表1中。同时，钢板的机械性能，如屈服强度和延伸率，使用普通检测仪器来测量，结果列于下表1。
 表1
  组合物号                        组成(重量％)     磁屏蔽(dB)     电屏蔽(dB)   屈服强度(Kg/mm2)   延伸率(％)
C N S Si Al Mn
  C.1  0.0025  0.0015  0.0080  Tr.  Tr.  Tr.     28.3     41.4     14.8     51
  C.2  0.0100  0.0030  0.0080  Tr.  Tr.  Tr.     16.2     40.4     22.1     43
  C.3  0.0025  0.0080  0.0080  Tr.  Tr.  Tr.     21.3     41.0     20.8     42
  1  0.0020  0.0020  0.0080  0.2  Tr.  0.2     27.9     40.1     22.3     43
  2  0.0025  0.0025  0.0090  0.1  Tr.  0.1     27.7     40.1     18.7     46
  C.4  0.0020  0.0020  0.0160  0.2  Tr.  0.2     23.9     40.1     25.1     39
  C.5  0.0030  0.0080  0.0100  0.2  Tr.  0.2     22.2     39.9     25.3     38
  C.6  0.0100  0.0025  0.0080  0.2  Tr.  0.2     15.4     39.8     27.2     36
从表1中的数据明显可以看出，本发明的钢板(组合物1号和2号)每一种的C，N和S的重量含量之和低于0.0150％，并分别含有适量的Si和Mn，显示出优异的电和磁屏蔽效应，二者均超过26dB(屏蔽效率95％)，并具有高于18kg/mm2的屈服强度。它们在延伸率方面的机械成型性也是优良的(大于40％)。
相比之下，对比组合物1号中，N，C和S的含量低，在电磁屏蔽效应方面很优越，但其强度很低，不适合于本发明。
尽管对比组分别物2-6号钢板的强度很高，但因它们的N，C和S的含量超出本发明所规定的上限，所以它们的磁屏蔽效应很差，电屏蔽效应大大降低。
实施例2
对元素Si和Al对钢板的电磁屏蔽效应和机械性能的影响进行了测试。此时，制备不同组成的钢板，其具有不同的Al和Si含量，如下表2所示。在真空下熔化每一种钢组合物30kg。表2中，“Tr”指不添加元素。
钢板在1250℃下重新加热，并热轧至终温为900℃，得到2mm厚的热轧钢板。钢板的热轧鳞片可以通过酸浸去除。将酸浸的热轧钢板冷轧成厚度为1mm，厚度缩减50％。随后用连续退火模拟设备，在850℃下退火，生产冷轧钢板。
借助电磁屏蔽效应分析器，测量了每块冷轧钢板在60Hz下的电磁屏蔽效应，结果列于下表2中。同时，钢板的机械性能，如屈服强度和延伸率，使用普通检测仪器来测量，结果列于下表2。
表2
  组合物                            组成(重量％)     磁屏蔽(dB)    电屏蔽(dB)   屈服强度(Kg/mm2) 延伸率(％)
C N Si Al Mn P
  3   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     27.9     40.1     22.3     43
  4   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.4   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     26.8     38.4     24.8     41
  C.7   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.6   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     25.5     37.9     27.5     39
  C.8   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.8   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     22.7     37.9     29.2     36
  5   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   0.4   0.2   Tr.     26.6     39.8     21.4     45
  6   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   0.8   0.2   Tr.     26.1     38.6     21.2     43
  C.9   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   1.2   0 2   Tr.     25.4     37.5     24.5     38
  C.10   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   1.6   0.2   Tr.     24.1     36.7     26.2     36
从表2中的数据明显可以看出，3～6号组合物的钢板的C，N和S的重量含量之和在本发明的范围之内，并含有适量的Si和Al，具有优异的电和磁屏蔽效应，二者均超过26dB(屏蔽效率95％)，并具有高于18kg/mm2的屈服强度。它们在延伸率方面的机械成型性也是优良的(大于40％)。
相比之下，对比组合物7和8号，它们的Si含量超过0.5％，延伸率和磁屏蔽效应皆大大降低。因此它们不适合用作建筑和家用电器的磁屏蔽钢板。
对比组合物9和10号的Al含量超过1.0％，尽管其强度提高了，但它们的电和磁屏蔽效应都低，延伸率也低于40％。因此它们不适用于本发明。
实施例3
制备不同组成的钢板，其具有不同的Mn和P含量，如下表3所示。在真空下熔化每一种钢组合物30kg。表3中，“Tr”指不添加元素。
钢板在1250℃下重新加热，并热轧至终温为900℃，得到2mm厚的热轧钢板。钢板的热轧鳞片可以通过酸浸去除。将酸浸的热轧钢板冷轧成厚度为1mm，厚度缩减50％。随后用连续退火模拟设备，在850℃下退火，生产冷轧钢板。
借助电磁屏蔽效应分析器，测量了每块冷轧钢板在60Hz下的电磁屏蔽效应，结果列于下表3中。同时，钢板的机械性能，如屈服强度和延伸率，使用普通检测仪器来测量，结果列于下表3。
表3
    组合物号                          组成(重量％)   磁屏蔽(dB)   电屏蔽(dB)   屈服强度(Kg/mm2)   延伸率(％)
C N Si Al Mn P
    7   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.1   Tr.     27.3     40.1     23.5     41
    8   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.3   Tr.     27.7     40.0     21.8     45
    9   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.5   Tr.     27.9     40.0     19.5     48
    10   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.7   Tr.     26.0     39.9     21.3     43
    C.11   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.9   Tr.     24.7     39.9     23.5     40
    11   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   Tr.   0.7   Tr.     26.6     40.3     21.4     45
    12   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   Tr.   0.9   Tr.     26.1     40.1     23.1     41
    C.12   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   Tr.   1.1   Tr.     25.4     40.1     25.2     38
    13   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.3   0.3   0.2   Tr.     26.2     38.5     24.1     42
    14   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.3   0.3   0.2   0.04     26.0     38.2     24.7     41
    C.13   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.3   0.3   0.2   0.08     23.8     38.2     27.3     36
从表3中的数据明显可以看出，7～14号组合物的钢板的C，N和S的重量含量之和在本发明的范围之内，并含有适量的Mn，Si和Al，具有优异的电和磁屏蔽效应，二者均超过26dB(屏蔽效率95％)，并具有高于18kg/mm2的屈服强度。它们在延伸率方面的机械成型性也是优良的(大于40％)。
相比之下，对比组合物11和12号的Mn含量超过0.8％，电磁屏蔽效应很差，延伸率也降低。对比组合物13的P含量超过0.06％，由于它的延伸率和屏蔽效应都不好，因此它不适用于本发明。
实施例4
在按组合物号1～3制造的冷轧钢板上，在65℃下用电镀模拟装置以镀层密度15g/m2电镀锌。分析结果表明钢板和电镀前具有相同的电磁屏蔽效应和机械性能。这是基于以下事实：除锌镀层薄至2.5μm外，Zn镀层也不具有磁性。因此，本发明的冷轧钢板具有优良的电磁屏蔽效应，并可被制成防腐钢板。
实施例5
制备不同组成的钢板，其具有不同的Si和Al含量，如下表4所示。在真空下熔化每一种钢组合物30kg。表4中，“Tr”指不添加元素。
钢板在1250℃下重新加热，并热轧至终温为900℃，得到2mm厚的热轧钢板。钢板的热轧鳞片可以通过酸浸去除。将酸浸的热轧钢板冷轧成厚度为1mm，厚度缩减50％。随后用连续退火模拟设备，在850℃下退火，生产冷轧钢板。然后使用热浸电镀模拟装置在该冷轧钢板上热浸电镀锌至镀层密度为300g/m2。
借助电磁屏蔽效应分析器，测量了每块电镀的冷轧钢板在60Hz下的电磁屏蔽效应，结果列于下表4中。同时，钢板的机械性能，如屈服强度和延伸率，使用普通检测仪器测量，结果列于下表4。
用肉眼的观察来确定和测定镀层的粘附性，热浸电镀钢板的可镀性可以表示为以下形式：○代表可镀性好；△代表存在可修复的缺陷，该缺陷可以通过表皮光轧过程去除；×代表存在不可修复的严重的电镀缺陷。各类情况列于表4中。
表4
组合物号                          组成(重量％) 磁屏蔽(dB) 电屏蔽(dB) 屈服强度(Kg/mm2) 热浸可镀性
    C     N   Si   Al   Mn   P
    1   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     28.1     40.5     22.0     ○
    2   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.4   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     26.9     38.9     24.0     △
    C.1   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.6   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     25.5     38.2     27.4     ×
    C.2   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.8   Tr.   0.2   Tr.     22.8     38.0     28.6     ×
    3   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   0.2   0.2   Tr.     26.9     40.5     20.6     ○
    4   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   0.4   0.2   Tr.     26.5     39.9     21.3     ○
    5   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   0.6   0.2   Tr.     26.1     39.2     23.3     △
    C.3   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   0.8   0.2   Tr.     25.4     38.8     22.5     ×
    6   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.3   0.3   0.2   Tr.     26.1     38.5     24.1     ○
    C.4   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.3   0.4   0.2   Tr.     24.2     38.2     25.8     ○
    C.5   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.3   0.6   0.2   Tr.     21.6     37.7     26.3     ×
从表4中的数据明显可以看出，本发明的钢板(组合物1～6号)的C，N和S的重量含量之和低于0.0150％，并含有适量的Mn，Al，Si和P，这些钢板除具有通常较好的可镀性外，均具有优异的电和磁屏蔽效应。特别的，当Al和Si的含量分别控制在0.4％和0.2％以下时，组合物1，3，4和6号比其它组合物2和5号具有更好的可镀性。
另一方面，对比组合物1和2号的Si含量超过0.4％，表现出较差的可镀性，以至可以观察到电镀缺陷。人们认为这是由于Si很容易被氧化，在钢板表面形成SiO2。
Al含量超过0.6％的对比组合物3号中，可以观察到严重的电镀缺陷。
即使Mn，Si和Al各自的含量在本发明所规定的范围内，但Mn，Al，Si和P的总量超过1.0％(对比组合物4和5号)时，热浸电镀后的钢板在镀层粘附性方面表现出很差的可镀性，在磁屏蔽效应方面也有所下降。
实施例6
制备不同组成的钢板，其具有不同的Mn含量，如下表5所示。重为30kg的每一种钢组合物在真空下熔化。表5中，“Tr”指不添加元素。
钢板在1250℃下重新加热，并热轧至终温为900℃，得到2mm厚的热轧钢板。钢板的热轧鳞片可以通过酸浸去除。随后，将酸浸的热轧钢冷轧成厚度为1mm，厚度缩减50％。随后，用连续退火模拟设备，在850℃下退火，生产冷轧钢板。然后使用热浸电镀模拟装置在该冷轧钢板上热浸电镀锌至镀层密度为300g/m2。
借助电磁屏蔽效应分析器，测量了每块电镀的冷轧钢板在60Hz下的电磁屏蔽效应，结果列于下表5中。同时，钢板的机械性能，如屈服强度和延伸率，使用普通检测仪器测量，结果列于下表5。
用肉眼的观察来确定和测定镀层的粘附性之后，热浸电镀钢板的可镀性可以表示为以下形式：○代表可镀性好；×代表存在不可修复的严重的电镀缺陷。各类情况列于表5中。
表5
  组合物号                        组成(重量％)   磁屏蔽(dB)    电屏蔽(dB)     屈服强度(Kg/mm2)     热浸可镀性
C N Si Al Mn
    7   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.2     27.9     40.5     23.5     ○
    8   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.4     28.2     40.3     21.8     ○
    9   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.6     28.3     40.4     19.5     ○
    10   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   0.8     26.8     40.3     21.3     ○
    C.6   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   0.2   Tr.   1.0     25.6     40.2     23.5     ×
    11   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   Tr.   0.2     28.1     40.5     18.1     ○
    C.7   ＜0.003   ＜0.003   Tr.   Tr.   Tr.     28.4     41.5     14.5     ○
从表5中的数据明显可以看出，Mn的重量含量在本发明所规定的范围内且Mn，Al，Si和P的总含量低于1.0％的钢板(组合物7～11号)，都显示出优异的屈服强度，电磁屏蔽性能和优良的可镀性。
相比之下，对比组合物6号的Mn含量超过0.8％，且Mn，Si，Al和P的总量超过1.0％，可以观察到具有严重的电镀缺陷。另一方面，尽管对比组合物7号在电磁屏蔽性能和热浸电镀性很优越，但是其屈服强度低，不适合用作普通的建筑板。
工业实用性
如上所述，本发明的钢板的电磁屏蔽性能、屈服强度和加工性能非常优越，它的间隙元素C，N和S以及辅助元素Si，Al，Mn和P的含量均在控制范围内，所以该钢板适合用作建筑和电器设备的电磁场屏蔽板。

Claims (14)

1.一种具有电磁屏蔽效应的钢板，其屈服强度为18kg/mm2或更高，延伸率为40％或更高，所述的钢板由一种组合物制备而成，以重量含量计，该组合物中C，N和S的含量之和为0.0150％或更低；Mn的含量为0.1～1.0％；Si的含量为0.5％或更低；Al的含量为1.0％或更低；P的含量为0.06％或更低；其余的为Fe和必然存在的元素。
2.权利要求1所述的钢板，其中C和N的重量含量分别为0.0030％或更低，S的重量含量为0.0090％或更低。
3.权利要求1所述的钢板，其中当钢板厚度为1mm时，电磁屏蔽效应为26dB或更高。
4.权利要求1所述的钢板，其上包含一层电镀层。
5.权利要求4所述的钢板，在其电镀层上还包含一层有机树脂涂层。
6.权利要求4所述的钢板，其中所述的电镀层被一层远红外辐射效率为0.9的远红外辐射粉末覆盖，粉末层的厚度为15～60μm。
7.权利要求6所述的钢板，其中所述的远红外辐射粉末具有1m2/g的比表面积，并含有17～99重量％的Mg(OH)2。
8.一种具有高电磁屏蔽效应和高屈服强度的热浸电镀钢板，其上镀有防腐元素，该钢板由一种组合物制备而成，以重量含量计，该组合物中C，N和S的含量之和为0.0150％或更低；Mn的含量为0.2～0.8％；Al的含量为0.6％或更低；Si的含量为0.4％或更低；P的含量为0.06％或更低，条件是Mn，Al，Si和P的含量之和为0.2～1.0％；其余的为Fe和必然存在的元素。
9.权利要求8所述的热浸电镀钢板，其中C和N各自的重量含量为0.0030％或更低，S的重量含量为0.0090％或更低。
10.权利要求8所述的热浸钢板，其中Al和Si各自的重量含量分别为0.4％或更低，及0.2％或更低。
11.权利要求8所述的热浸电镀钢板，其中当钢板厚度为1mm时，其电磁屏蔽效应为26dB或更高，其屈服强度为18kg/mm2或更高。
12.权利要求8所述的热浸电镀钢板，在其热浸电镀层上进一步包含一层有机树脂涂层。
13.权利要求8所述的热浸电镀钢板，其进一步包括一层远红外辐射率为0.9或更高的远红外辐射粉末层，厚度为15～60μm。
14.权利要求8所述的热浸电镀钢板，其中远红外辐射粉末具有1m2/g的比表面积，并含有17～99重量％的Mg(OH)2。
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