CN111743601A - 从血管除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置 - Google Patents

从血管除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置 Download PDF

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CN111743601A
CN111743601A CN202010580985.5A CN202010580985A CN111743601A CN 111743601 A CN111743601 A CN 111743601A CN 202010580985 A CN202010580985 A CN 202010580985A CN 111743601 A CN111743601 A CN 111743601A
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thrombus
engaging portion
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thrombectomy device
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D·瓦勒
B·凯西
M·吉尔瓦里
J·奥戈尔曼
K·麦卡德尔
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Neuravi Ltd
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Abstract

一种用于从血管中除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置,其包括血栓接合元件(700),所述血栓接合元件具有收缩的运输构型和扩张的展开构型。在扩张构型中,周围部分被侧向地间隔开,并且血栓接合部分(700)在这些周围部分之间延伸。装置(700)可具有两个叠加的波形,它们通过大幅值曲线(723)和较短节距的正弦形模式(721,722)提供。波形形状沿着装置的长度改变血栓和装置之间的接触压力,减小了在一些位置处本装置对血栓的压缩。本装置当被置于张力下时可以细长,这在驱出过程中帮助保持血栓细长。

Description

从血管除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置
本申请是申请日为2015年11月25日、申请号为201580064164.3、发明名称为“从血管除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及意于从血管除去严重阻塞物的装置。严重阻塞物可包括血栓、错位的装置、移位的装置、大栓子等。当部分或所有的血栓从血管壁脱开时发生血栓栓塞。然后,此血栓(现在称为栓塞物)被在血液流动的方向上携带。如果血栓停留在脑血管中则可能造成缺血性发作。如果血栓产生在静脉系统中或心脏的右侧中并且停留在肺动脉或其分支中则可能造成肺栓塞。血栓也可局部地产生和阻塞血管,而不以栓塞物的形式释放-此机理在冠状动脉堵塞的形成过程中是常见的。本发明特别适合于从患有急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)的患者的脑动脉中、从患有心肌梗死(MI)的患者的天然或移植冠状血管中、从患有肺栓塞(PE)的患者的肺动脉中以及从在其中血栓导致阻塞的其它周围动脉和静脉血管中除去血栓。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种从血管除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置,其包括具有收缩的运输构型和扩张的展开构型的血栓接合元件,其中该装置的至少一部分具有纵向延伸的波动起伏延伸的边缘。
在一个实例中,所述血栓接合元件具有第一周围部分,第二周围部分,和在第一周围部分和第二周围部分之间延伸的血栓接合部分,其中,在所述扩张构型中,这些周围部分被侧向地间隔开,所述血栓接合部分在这些周围部分之间延伸。
在一个实施例中,所述波动起伏延伸的边缘具有类似波浪的形式。所述波动起伏延伸的边缘可具有正弦波的形式。
在一个实例中,所述装置具有至少两个波动模式。所述波动模式可彼此叠加。在一个实例中,第一模式具有波长和幅值,第二模式具有比第一模式的波长和幅值大的波长和幅值。
在一个实施例中,取血栓装置包括用于改变波动形状的激活器。所述激活器可包括至少一个推丝和/或至少一个拉丝。
在一个实例中,所述血栓接合元件包括一个或多个血栓抓持特征。
在一个实施例中,在所述收缩构型中血栓接合部分是大致扁平的。
在所述扩张构型中血栓接合部分可以是曲线形的。
在所述扩张构型中血栓接合部分是大致扁平的。
在一个实施例中,在所述收缩构型和扩张构型中血栓接合部分是大致曲线形的。
在一个实例中,在所述扩张构型中血栓接合部分是螺旋的或涡旋的形式。
在所述扩张构型中血栓接合部分可以是大致s-形的。
在一个实施例中,所述血栓接合元件具有总体上面朝相反方向的两个表面,并且在所述扩张的展开构型中其中一个表面或两个表面能够与血栓接合。
在一个实施例中,所述装置包括当该装置处于扩张的展开构型中时限定出用于血液流动的流动通道的一部分。
在一个实例中,所述装置包括近侧部分,远侧部分,和近侧部分和远侧部分之间的血栓接合部分,其中近侧部分相对于血栓接合部分可滑动地移动。所述近侧部分可包括可滑动元件,比如领部和从领部伸出的近侧支架,所述血栓接合部分包括近侧轴杆,并且所述领部相对于近侧轴杆可滑动地移动。所述近侧部分的支架中的至少一些支架可在向远侧方向上延伸,用于在所述领部相对于近侧轴杆向近侧移动时将血栓至少部分地捕获在血栓接合部分和近侧支架之间。
在一个实施例中,所述波动模式具有从2.0mm至6.0mm的幅值。所述波动模式具有从3.0mm至8.0mm的节距。
在一个实施例中,所述血栓接合部分包括由支架和冠状部限定的多个小室结构,其中所述支架和/或冠状部中的至少一些被以类似波浪的形式布置,以增强血栓的嵌入。
在一个实例中,所述装置的血栓接合部分具有包含扁平部分和弯曲部分两者的横向截面。
在一个实施例中,在所述扩张构型中,所述装置的血栓接合部分的至少一部分相对于纵向轴线呈大致涡旋或螺旋构型。所述血栓接合部分可还包括远侧管状部分。在管状部分的远侧端处可设置血栓碎片部分。
在一个实施例中,所述血栓接合部分包括由小室结构元件形成的一对侧轨,多个血栓接合支架元件被连接到所述小室结构元件,所述小室结构元件从由侧轨限定的平面的相反两侧突伸。
在另一实施例中,所述血栓接合部分包括多个段,相邻的段彼此以约90°布置。所述段中的至少一些段具有扁平形状的横向截面。
在所有实施例中,取血栓装置可包括远侧的血栓碎片保护部分。
本发明还提供了一种从血管除去阻塞性血栓的方法,包括步骤:
提供具有血栓接合部分的取血栓装置,所述血栓接合部分具有纵向延伸的波动起伏延伸的形式,所述装置具有收缩的运输构型和扩张的展开构型;
朝向阻塞性血栓并且跨过阻塞性血栓推进微导管;
将所述装置装载到微导管内并且将其所述装置进到微导管的远侧部分;
展开所述装置以使血栓嵌入;和
将所述装置的至少一部分和被捕捉的血栓取出到取出导管内。
在一个实施例中,该方法包括在血栓内展开所述装置。
在一些实例中,该方法包括在血栓和围绕着血栓的血管壁的那一部分之间展开所述装置的一部分。
在一个实施例中,该方法包括在所述装置在血栓内展开之后向近侧拉动所述装置。
该方法可包括在展开所述装置后延迟向近侧拉动所述装置,以在向近侧拉动所述装置和血栓之前进一步将所述装置嵌入到血栓内。
在一个实施例中,本方法包括在将所述装置取出到取出导管之前将所述装置向近侧拉到更大的血管内。
在一些实例中,该方法包括拧绕所述装置以将所述装置嵌入血栓内。
根据本发明,提供了一种用于从血管中除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置,其包括血栓接合元件,所述血栓接合元件具有收缩的运输构型和扩张的展开构型,所述血栓接合元件具有第一周围部分,第二周围部分,和在第一周围部分和第二周围部分之间延伸的血栓接合部分,其中,在所述扩张构型中,这些周围部分被侧向地间隔开,所述血栓接合部分在这些周围部分之间延伸。
在一个实施例中,在收缩构型中血栓接合部分是大致扁平的。
在一个实例中,在扩张构型中血栓接合部分是曲线形的。
在另一实例中,在扩张构型中血栓接合部分是大致扁平的。
在一个实施例中,在收缩和扩张构型中血栓接合部分是大致曲线形的。
在一个实例中,在扩张构型中血栓接合部分具有螺旋或涡旋的形式。
在另一实例中,在扩张构型中血栓接合部分具有大致s-形状。
在一个实施例中,所述血栓接合元件具有总体上面朝相反方向的两个表面,并且在所述扩张的展开构型中任一表面能够与血栓接合。
在一个实例中,所述装置包括当该装置处于扩张的展开构型中时限定出用于血液流动的流动通道的一部分。
在一个实施例中,本装置的至少一部分包括波动起伏延伸的边缘。该波动起伏延伸的边缘可具有正弦波的形式或其它类似波浪的形式。
在一个实例中,本装置具有可被叠加的至少两个波动模式。第一模式可具有波长和幅值,第二模式具有比第一模式的波长和幅值大的波长和幅值。
在一个实施例中,本装置包括用于改变波动形状的激活器。激活器包括至少一个推/拉丝。
在一个实例中,血栓接合元件包括一个或多个血栓抓持特征。
本装置可包括远侧捕捉部分。
在一个实例中,本装置由形状记忆材料、比如镍钛诺的扁平片材形成。
本发明还提供了一种从血管除去阻塞性血栓的方法,包括步骤:
提供本发明的取血栓装置;
将该装置装载到微导管内,其中该装置处于收缩的运输构型中;
将微导管推进至阻塞性血栓;
展开该装置以捕捉血栓;和
将该装置和被捕捉的血栓一起取出到取出导管内。
本装置可在血栓内展开以将血栓固定在本装置和血管壁之间。可替代地,本装置在血栓和围绕着血栓的血管壁的那一部分之间展开。
附图说明
本发明从下面参考附图对其一些实施例的描述中能够得到更清楚地理解,这些实施例仅通过例子给出,图中:
图1a是本发明的取血栓装置的视图;
图1b是包括远侧碎片保护部分的另一取血栓装置的视图;
图2a是图1a的装置在血管内的血栓区域中在微导管内的截面图;
图2b是图2a的装置处于扩张的展开构型中的视图;
图2c和2d是微导管的断面图,其中图2a的装置分别以线性定向和圆形定向处于被包裹的构型中;
图3a和3b是在血管中展开的取血栓装置的等轴测视图和侧视图;
图4,5和6是具有各种不同的小室结构形状和切割模式的取血栓装置的视图;
图7是取血栓装置的等轴测视图,其中流动腔穿过该装置;
图8a和8b是具有圆形或u形通道的扁平模式取血栓装置的视图;
图9和10是具有流动通道的其它取血栓装置的视图;
图11a至d示出另一取血栓装置,其一部分具有扁平构型;
图12和13示意出具有螺旋形状的取血栓装置;
图14a,14b和15示意出具有远侧保护部分的另一螺旋形装置;
图16示意出另一取血栓装置,其被沿着该装置的长度拧绕;
图17a是本发明的另一取血栓装置的等轴测视图;
图17b是图17a的装置的一部分的断面图;
图17c至e示出在使用过程中的图17a和b的装置;
图18a和18b示意出具有流动通道的其它取血栓装置,其中小室结构模式和支架的细节被省略;
图19a-19c示意出波状边缘与管状的s-形或u-形中心部分相结合的取血栓装置;
图20示出具有s-形横截面的、沿着装置长度旋涡形延伸的取血栓装置;
图21a-21c是具有扁平中间部分的另一取血栓装置的视图;
图21d示出图21a的装置的碎片保护区域;
图21e示出图21a的装置的中间部分的一部分;
图22a-22c是根据本发明的另一装置的血栓接合部分的等轴测视图、平面图和侧视图;
图23a和23b是取血栓装置在使用过程中的示意图;
图24a-24c是本发明的另一取血栓装置的视图;
图25a-25c是本发明的另一取血栓装置的视图;
图26a-26d示意出本发明的取血栓装置的使用方法;
图27a-27d是示意性波形装置的一系列视图;
图28a-28c是取血栓装置的等轴测视图、侧视图和平面图;
图29a和29b是本发明的另一取血栓装置的平面图和断面图;
图30a-30f示意出本发明的另一取血栓装置的使用方法;
图31是另一取血栓装置的等轴测视图;
图32a和32b分别是本发明的另一取血栓装置的等轴测视图和侧视图;和
图33a和33b分别是本发明的另一取血栓装置的等轴测视图和侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图详细描述本发明的特殊实施例,图中相同的参考数字代表相同或功能类似的元件。在下文中术语“远侧”或“近侧”在提到相对于治疗医生的位置或方向时使用。“远侧”或“远侧地”是距医生一距离处的或在远离医生的方向上的一位置。“近侧”或“近侧地”或“靠近”是医生附近的或在朝向医生的方向上的一位置。
访问脑部血管、冠状动脉血管和肺部血管涉及使用许多从商业上获得的产品和传统的手术步骤。诸如引导丝、引导管、血管造影术导管和微导管等的访问用产品是已知的并且通常被用于导管实验室程序中。在下面的描述中,这些产品和方法与本发明的装置和方法结合使用,但不详细描述。
下面的详细描述在本质上仅仅是示例性的,不意于限制本发明或本发明的应用和用法。虽然对本发明的描述在许多情况下是在颅内动脉治疗的情境中进行的,但本发明也可用于其它身体通道中。
此处公开的装置的可扩张构件希望由在从高度收紧的运输构型中松开时能够自动恢复其形状的材料制成。超弹性材料、比如镍钛诺或具有类似性能的合金是特别适合的。此材料可具有许多形式,比如丝或带或片或管。特别适合的制造过程是激光切割镍钛诺管、然后热定型并电解抛光形成的结构,以制成支架和连接元件的框架。此框架可以是如在这里公开的宽泛形状范围中的任一种,并且可以通过添加合金元件(比如铂)或通过各种其它涂层或标记带而使其在荧光透视下可见。
如在我们的WO2012/120490A中描述的,对血栓的压缩可以改变血栓的性能并且通过使其更坚硬且更“粘性”而使血栓更不容易取出,该文献的整体内容被以引用方式并入本文。本发明的装置是通过以下述方式在血栓和血管壁之间扩张而促进血栓取出:使一些或所有的血栓从血管分层,在相当大的表面积上与血栓接合,以及以对血栓的压缩最小的方式来进行上述操作。对血栓的压缩是最小的,因为本装置不需要显著地移动血栓来进行扩张和与它接合。相反,本装置利用血栓自身和血管壁的约束来引导其扩张,在此分界区域内扩张。
在最简单的形式中,本装置的、不受约束的血栓接合部分具有朝向大致相反方向的两个表面。当此血栓接合部分在阻塞部内展开时受到血栓和血管壁的约束,因此必须采用弯曲的形状来扩张。此弯曲的形状可被认为是具有内面(抵靠着血栓)和外面(抵靠着血管壁)。当通过微导管被传输到目标部位时,本装置的定向可能不为使用者所知晓,因而可能不在它们的控制能力范围内。此设计的优势在于本装置的任一表面都可成为所述内表面或外表面,从而使得本装置实际上是可逆的。
此扁平装置可包括压缩血栓区域以形成横跨血栓的血流通道的部分。此通道用于两个重要目的:1)其减小横跨血栓的压力梯度,从而减小为了撤出血栓而必须克服的力之一,和2)其提供了使氧化的、携带着营养的血到达血栓远侧的缺血区域的流通路径。此部分可包括比如在图7,9,10中示出的管状或圆筒形形状,或在图19中示出的部分圆筒形或“U”形,或使血栓的离散部分被移动以制造从血栓的近侧到血栓的远侧端的无血栓通道的其它形状。
在这里描述的所有装置可还包括远侧碎片捕捉部分,比如在图1,9,12和14中示出的。理想地,此部分被配置在血栓的远侧以防止在取出过程中可能释放出的任何血栓碎片向远侧移动。
图1a示出本发明的取血栓系统100包括血栓接合本体101,血栓接合本体101在其近侧端被连接到轴杆102并且在其远侧端被连接到碎片保护部分113。血栓接合本体包括轴向支架105和横支架107构成的框架,其中横支架包括近侧连接点108和远侧冠状部106。在其它实施例中,可采用可替代设计的血栓接合本体,比如在图3至10中示出的。在本例子中,碎片保护部分113包括支架框架103和纤维基质104。在自由扩张的构型中血栓接合本体101的形状总体上是扁平的。本装置当在血管中被展开时具有内侧和外侧,其中内侧112与血栓接触而外侧111背离血栓。该装置的展开定向决定了哪一侧与血栓接触而哪一侧背离血栓。本装置的这两侧是类似的,使得在不影响装置性能的情况下任一侧都能够被展开成与血栓接触。血栓接合本体的材料可以是镍钛诺或类似的超弹性或伪弹性合金,或者可以是不锈钢或者弹性应变足以允许在从微导管展开时恢复原状的其它材料。该材料可由扁平材料片或由管进行激光切割、然后进一步处理成扁平状。
图2a示出经过血管125中的阻塞性血栓的110的截面图,微导管109已经穿过血管125。血栓切除术装置100被示出在微导管109中处于其折叠的运输构型中。为了引入本装置,首先,按照标准介入程序使引导丝和微导管109横跨过血栓或血块110。然后,去除引导丝,留下按照标准程序引入的本装置。本装置的扁平形状允许其顺从着血管的周围而在血栓和血管壁之间扩张,如图2b中示出的,使本装置在展开后形成‘U’形形状,血栓接合本体的内侧112面对着血栓并且与其接合,血栓接合本体的外侧111面朝血管壁。将本装置定位于血栓和血管壁之间减小了血栓和血管壁之间的接触面积,减小了血栓和血管壁之间的接合,以及减小了后续从血管驱出血栓所需要的力。这样,通过回撤本装置,血栓能够被移出和取回到在近侧定位的导管或鞘管(sheath),如果需要的话借助于吸气进行。可替代地,微导管或中间导管可被向前移动,以部分地重新鞘装(resheath)本装置,使装置100的小室结构(cell)模式(pattern)闭合,将血栓夹在支架之间,改进了本装置和血栓之间的抓持。在重新鞘装过程中,“U”形状的臂也可以朝向血栓弯曲,以增强本装置在血栓上的抓持并且便于取出。本装置和血栓可被重新鞘装并且通过中间导管完全除去,或者被局部重新鞘装的本装置和血栓可利用中间导管撤回到在近侧定位的引导管或鞘管。这可借助于或不借助于吸气进行。
血栓接合本体的远侧端可被连接到或一体至碎片保护部分113,如图1b中所示。在自由扩张的构型中,碎片保护部分可以是扁平的、管状的、锥形形状的或不规则形状的,并且可以是大致平面的或占用一大部分以形成“3D”过滤本体,比如在图21d中示出的网结构。在血管内的展开构型中,本部分提供捕捉栓塞物碎片、防止它们在血流中释放的一种方式。碎片保护部分可由下述构造而成:本装置的各支架,带线图案的、编结或编织的纤维,聚合物膜,或捕获栓塞物碎屑、同时仅部分地限制血流的其它材料。
在图1a示出的实施例中,血栓接合本体101由沿着本装置的长度重复的小室结构模式107形成,并且在自由扩张的构型中是扁平的。切割模式可包括各种各样的小室结构形状和不连接的冠状部。
图2c和2d示出了图2a的微导管和所包裹的装置的详细截面图。当本装置处于此折叠的构型中时,血栓接合本体可以以图2d中所示的圆形定向127被包裹,或者本装置可被包裹为使各支架以图2c中所示的线性定向126排列。此折叠的线性定向可促使本装置以线性方式扩张,便于本装置在血栓和血管壁之间扩张。
图3a(以等轴测视图)示出本装置的实施例,即使当在血管中展开时本装置也维持扁平形状。此图示出扁平装置150在血管151中展开并且被定位在阻塞性血栓152下面。本装置的扁平部分154被连接到近侧轴杆153,以便于本装置的引入和取出。扁平部分154由支架158和小室结构159的模式构成,它们与血栓接合并且被嵌入血栓中。使用扁平装置可改进血栓的抓持和从血管除去的性能,因为血栓没有被本装置很大程度地压缩,这与沿着血栓的长度施加径向力的管状装置不同。
图3b示出图3a中示出的装置和血栓的侧视图。在此视图中,扁平装置156的支架155被示出为嵌入血栓152中。此嵌入致使血栓的部分157突伸穿过本装置的小室结构,改进了本装置在血栓上的抓持。本视图说明了本装置要实现在血栓上的良好抓持并不需要太大的血栓压缩。
支架嵌入的水平和血栓突伸到本装置小室结构内的水平影响本装置能够施加在血栓上的抓持水平。本装置的切割模式,比如支架宽度、长度、小室结构形状和尺寸、冠状部内径、浮动冠状部设计,所有这些都影响支架嵌入血栓中的水平。图4,5和6示出了具有不同的小室结构形状和切割模式的不同实施例。图4示出具有许多不相连的浮动冠状部178的扁平装置175。图5示出类似的扁平装置200,除了中心冠状部通过“脊骨”支架208连接到一起之外。图6示出扁平装置的另一反复结构,其具有沿着扁平装置225的长度连接的多个小室结构229。
在图7中示出的另一实施例中,扁平模式与管状的中间部分252结合,管状的中间部分252提供了在血栓中初始展开时穿过本装置的流动腔。此流动腔252可通过一体的或通过单独的管状部件形成。展开时,在流动腔的每一侧,本装置的扁平部分仍在血栓和血管壁之间扩张。图8a和8b示出可替代的扁平模式275,其可以被热设定而形成本装置中的圆形或U形通道288。这可以通过在热处理之前将本装置夹紧在夹具285中实现,比如在图8b中示出的。图中示出用于外部扁平部分281的小室结构模式280具有与用于中心U通道279的小室结构模式不同的小室结构尺寸和形状,以使在展开时血栓阻挡中心通道中的血流的危险小室结构模式,并且提高装置的灵活性。
图9示意出装置300,其在设计上非常类似于图7的装置250,但另外包括远侧网状部件301。此远侧网状部件可被附接到管状中间部分302的远侧端或附接到连接构件303,连接构件303延伸穿过管状构件并且连接到近侧细长轴杆304。此远侧网状部件301可由一个或多个单纤维丝或纤维形成,该纤维可以是单纤维丝或多纤维丝,并且此远侧网状部件301可以是高强度聚合物材料的,比如超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE),液晶聚合物(LCP),聚乙烯(PE),聚乙二醇对苯二甲酸酯(PET),聚酰胺(PA),酸乙二酯(PEN)或芳族聚酰胺,或可以是金属材料的。如果是金属材料的,那么纤维或细丝优选由形状记忆或超弹性材料比如镍钛诺形成,使得它们可以从在微导管内的压缩构型恢复,而形成直径近似等于本装置在其中被展开的血管的直径的浓密网,以防止血栓碎片向远侧移动。
在图10中示出的实施例中,本装置由提供流动腔的中心管状部件321与沿着本装置的长度的各径向伸出臂327结合而构成。这些径向伸出臂327通过连接构件325而被连接到近侧轴杆324,并且在连接点322处连接到纤维或丝323并且在展开时在血栓和血管壁之间扩张,减小血栓和血管壁之间的摩擦。在撤回过程中,这些纤维提供与血栓的附加接合并且帮助抓持血栓和从血管驱出血栓,将血栓取出至近侧的导管或鞘管。此图还示出本装置上的近侧轴杆324和远侧的射线透不过的末端328。
在图11a-d示出的本装置的另一实施例中,装置355的扁平部分通过将管状装置的一部分热设定成扁平构型而形成,见图11b。本装置被热设定成扁平构型的部分可与本装置的管状部分或锥形部分相邻或在两个管状部分之间,或是本装置的整个长度。此形成方法可导致扁平部分包含2层支架和冠状部370和371。本装置354在弄平前的切割模式可被配置成使得在重新成形为扁平构型之后这两层具有相同的支架模式,其中支架和冠状部在顶部和底部对齐。可替代地,支架模式可被设计成使支架不对齐,而是留出血栓嵌入到支架372之间的空间。这允许在本装置被撤回或部分重新鞘装到中间导管、引导管或微导管内时这些支架夹住血栓,见图11c。血栓被支架夹住增大了本装置在血栓上的抓持并且提高了本装置驱出困难血栓的能力。此构建方法便于扁平部分355与管状的356和锥形形状的358远侧碎片保护部分相结合。
在图12和13中示出的本装置的另一实施例中,装置400被形成为螺旋形状,其中装置的本体在血管内顺从地延伸,所以沿着本装置的整个长度都显著地与血管壁接触。在本例子中,装置的中心线也形成螺旋路径。此装置可以通过从管激光切割所需的支架模式409或者通过切割扁平片材然后在热设定之前围绕着圆筒408包裹此扁平零件而形成。因此,本装置具有与围绕着圆筒包裹宽丝带类似的形状。
当沿着血管轴线看时,此装置不会显著地冲击到血管腔内。通过将本装置定位在血栓和血管壁之间,血栓与血管壁接触的面积减小了,这使得血栓和血管之间的摩擦最小化并且减小了驱逐力。本装置还具有当血栓位于装置腔内侧时不压缩血栓的好处,这使血栓更容易驱出。典型的支架样取栓器(stentriever)装置接合血栓,使血栓主要被定位在该装置的外部径向表面上,同时血栓部分突伸到被切割模式的、位于支架之间的开放小室结构内。本发明的装置便于在血栓不被支架和冠状部压缩的情况下将整个血栓定位在装置的腔内。在用注射器或真空泵吸入的过程中,血栓接合在具有支架样取栓器的装置上能够禁止血栓由于血栓和装置支架之间的接合而流到吸入或中间导管内。本装置的本实施例便于吸入,因为血栓完全在装置的腔内并且各支架不阻挡血栓到吸入导管内的流动路径。
图14a示意出本发明的螺旋形装置的另一实施例425,其类似于图12和13示出的装置400。本装置包括细长的大致平面框架429,其可由丝或由相互连接的支架元件形成。框架429被配置为涡旋形或螺旋形状并且在其近侧端428连接到细长轴杆427,在其远侧端430连接到碎片保护部分426,碎片保护部分426自身终止于远侧末端431中。
图14b示出图14a的装置的侧视图,清楚地示意出碎片保护部分426,用于在血栓驱出和取出的过程中丢失栓塞物材料的危险最小化。
螺旋形状的部件可被用作用于接合和除去血栓的外笼状件,或如图15中所示,如前述那样也可以用作外笼状件453内的内部件451,提供当在血栓内展开时使流动恢复的流动通道。
图16中示出的附加实施例示出了扁平装置485,其已经被沿着装置的长度拧绕。本装置包括支架482的框架。在不受约束的构型中,本装置的中心线是直线并且本装置的两侧481被围绕着此轴线以双螺线形状拧绕,类似于拧绕的梯子或丝带。如在这里描述的所有设计,本部件可被用于接合血栓以驱出和取出血栓,或者它可以是组件的一部分并且用作提供在展开时使流动立即恢复的流动通道的内部件。当用作流动通道时,本部件被定位在主要接合血栓的外笼状件内部。
图17a-e中示出的装置500具有本体部分501和远侧碎片保护部分502。当沿着血管轴线看时,本体部分的截面面具有‘S’形状,如在图17b-e中示出的。在不受约束的构型中,‘S’形状509的外臂是弯曲的,中间部分510形成直径。此装置的直径在长度上可变化,典型地在0.5mm直至10mm的范围内。本装置被设计为当在血栓515中展开时血栓与本装置外部部分上的小室结构模式相接合,并且还可以突伸到本装置的臂和直径部分之间的开口511内,潜在地填充‘S’形状的一侧。‘S’形状的另一侧提供受保护的流动腔512,用于在装置展开时恢复血流。‘S’形状的两侧都是等效的并且任一侧可被展开为与血栓接触,如图17d和17e中所示的。本装置的哪一侧与血栓接触取决于展开的定向。为了驱出血栓,在吸入作用下本装置被撤回到在近侧定位的气球状阻塞物引导管、标准引导管或鞘管鞘管内。可替代地,中间或远侧访问导管可被用于施加远侧吸入,并且本装置可被完全或部分地重新鞘装到导管内。在重新鞘装过程中,突伸到‘S’轮廓的一侧内的血栓可被‘S’形状的臂夹紧和抓持,改进了本装置在血栓上的抓持。血栓夹紧还可以通过将本装置部分地重新鞘装到微导管内而实现。
‘S’形状的臂509的边缘505可以是带有轮廓的或是弯曲的,用于改进血栓接合并且增加血栓突伸到被装置的一侧内。
图18a和18b示出本装置的其它实施例,其中流动通道601和‘C’形状的外笼状件602被示出为直线构型(图18a)和螺旋形构型(图18b)。这些图仅示出这两个部件的轮廓线,而没有示出小室结构模式或支架的细节,其可以是在这里描述的和/或示意的那些中的任一个。
在图19a-c中示出的那种设计的可替代实施例中,装置610的扁平部分具有正弦形或类似波浪的边缘611,与管状的、‘S’形的或‘U’形的中心部分612结合,如在图19b和19c的截面图中示出的。用于扁平部分的类似波浪边缘611可以提高装置的柔韧性,因为在脉管系统内其是围绕着弯曲的弯折部被展开或撤回。‘S’截面形状615具有在血栓中展开时始终提供用于恢复血流的、穿过本装置的流体腔的好处,而不管定向如何。不管装置的哪一侧被展开成与血栓接触,都存在受保护的通道允许血液流经本装置。‘S’形状增大了血栓和装置之间的血栓接触面积,提高了本装置与血栓接合以及驱出血栓的能力。‘S’截面形状还可以沿着装置的长度的涡旋形延伸,如在图20中示出的。在本装置被中间导管部分或完全重新鞘装的过程中,‘S’形状还提供附加的血栓抓持,因为在‘S’的臂内的血栓被夹在支架和中间导管末端之间。
图21a-c示出装置的另一实施例650,其中中间部分651被形成为使得,当从垂直于血管轴线的侧面看时,图21b,它具有正弦或波形形状652。本装置由两侧构成,如前面那样,其中一侧面对着血栓或与血栓接触,而另一侧大致背离血栓。如果装置被颠倒,则先前面对着血栓的那一侧将背离血栓。
将装置形成为波浪形状使血栓和装置之间的接触压力沿着装置的长度变化,减小在各位置处本装置施加在血栓上的压缩。本装置在被置于张力下时也可以是细长的,比如在血栓从脉管系统驱出的过程中。这最小化了血栓的线性压缩并且在血栓的驱出过程中可使其细长,减小了血栓和血管壁之间的摩擦,并且因此减小了本装置除去血栓所需的驱出力。
在图21c示出的本装置的另一实施例中,当沿着血管的轴线看时装置具有弯曲的边缘655。这具有增大本装置与血管壁的接触面积、减小由本装置施加到壁上的接触压力的好处。当沿着血管轴线看时,弯曲的边缘655可与曲线657相切,曲线657相切到扁平部分656或连续的曲线的一部分,使截面形状是被弄平的‘S’。此截面形状具有在折叠构型下改进了包裹轮廓的好处。这还有助于在局部或完全重新鞘装到中间导管、引导管、鞘管或微导管内的过程中本装置的弯曲部分夹住血栓。
图21d示出碎片保护锥形部653的视图,其由激光切割镍钛诺支架660形成并且还可以包括聚合物纤维,以增大碎片保护网状件的密度。此锥形部可通过激光切割扁平片材、然后包裹成锥形形状而形成。然后,片材可在接缝662处连接起来,例如通过激光焊接。可替代地,接缝可被保持不连接,这样在手术过程中如果本装置需要重新使用的话有助于提高清洁的容易性。射线透不过的线圈661或末端也可被添加到锥形部,用于增大荧光透视过程中的可视性。
中间部分651的一部分在图21e中示出了。本视图示出了浮动的或未连接的冠状部665和667,它们被形成为相对于中间部分的剩余部分出平面(out of plane)。在展开时这些冠状部接触血栓,提高本装置驱出血栓的能力。此外,当本装置围绕着弯折部撤回时,这些冠状部保持与血栓接触,提供了使血栓经过这些弯折部和分支部而取出的特殊好处。
图22a-c示出了本发明的另一装置的血栓接合部分700的等轴测视图、平面图和侧视图。
装置700包括近侧支架706和707,它们可被连接到近侧细长构件(未示出)。这些近侧支架被向远侧连接到支架元件网,手术支架元件网包括侧轨701和702,浮动小室结构705,和连接臂703。
本发明的各装置、比如装置700可具有两个叠加的波形模式:具有相对短波长和幅值的第一模式叠加在具有相对长波长和幅值的第二模式上。本装置的支架元件被配置成施加相对强劲的恢复力到第一波形模式上,以使其从在微导管内的相对直线运输构型恢复到当其在血管中的血栓内展开时的波动起伏的或正弦的构型。这允许本装置与血栓接合并且温和、但很牢固地抓持血栓以开始驱出。为了取出血栓,在本装置和血栓被安全撤回到大接收导管之前,可能必须使本装置和血栓向近侧撤回到更大血管直径。第二波形模式帮助在此撤回过程中保持控制被捕捉的血栓。随着血管尺寸的增大,此大幅值的模式使本装置有效地变化尺寸至该血管,并且使本装置在更大、更近侧的血管直径中能够保持与血栓接触,否则在该血管内血栓可能从本装置驱离。
在图22c的侧视图中能够最清楚地看到两个不同的波形模式,其中整个血栓接合部分的实际中心线遵循幅值较大的曲线723,并且本装置的两个侧轨701和702分别遵循节距(pitch)较短的正弦模式721和722。
图23a示出与血管段756中的血栓757接合的装置750的示意图。装置750类似于装置700,但具有附加碎片保护部分751,该附加碎片保护部分751具有添加到其远侧端的远侧末端752。装置750包括本体部分754,其在近侧端753可连接到细长轴杆(未示出)。本体部分754被配置为在展开时扩张成波动起伏的波形、类似正弦的波形模式,如图23a所示的。此波形模式包括峰部761,峰部761致使血栓在与所述峰部相邻的离散区域中局部收缩,比如图示的区域760,但使在血栓本体的大部分上的总压缩最小。因此,在展开时,由于本装置的作用,血栓的总体特性相对不变,但离散的区域760被本装置压缩和抓持。此压缩导致血栓一定程度上局部脱水,增大了其摩擦系数,因此增大了其与本装置的抓持和接合。但是,因为血栓的大部分维持不被本装置压缩,所以血栓与血管的摩擦接合不会显著增大。
图23b示出当被收缩到更大直径、更近侧的血管段758内时的图23a的系统。在此更大直径的血管中,本体部分754采用总体上通过中心线759描述的第二波形模式。这可以通过将本装置配置成在其自由扩张状态下采用图23b示出的形状而实现,这可以通过将镍钛诺装置热设定成此形状而实现,例如。因此,本装置当在微导管内进行折叠以备运输时具有一定存储能量。在血栓内展开时,此能量的相当大一部分被释放,以使本装置呈现图23a的短波长模式。当本装置撤回到更大直径的血管内时,剩余的存储能量被施加,以使本装置能够呈现图23b示出的、被叠加的长波长模式,通过增大本装置的有效直径并且保持与血栓和血管壁的同位关系,帮助本装置保持在被捕捉的血栓上的抓持。
本装置的本实施例和其它实施例可具有另外的波形模式特征,比如在图22b的平面图中的侧轨701和702的曲率,以及“出平面”突伸特征,比如在图21b和21c中更清楚示出的浮动冠状部705。
图24a中示出的装置800是本发明的另一实施例。本装置包括中间部分801,在一个实施例中中间部分801由扁平片材形成并且设定成具有扁平或带轮廓截面的一系列波形形状。此截面也可以通过弄平切割管或当沿着血管轴线看时使用卵形或椭圆形横截面形状的管而形成。在图示的实施例中,中间部分801被与碎片保护特征802和近侧部分803相结合。近侧部分可以是单独的部件并且被形成为管状或锥形形状。本部分通过一个或多个近侧支架804而连接到本装置,该一个或多个近侧支架804连接到被定位于装置轴杆806上的领部805。
领部805可被固定到轴杆806或者它可以自由移动并且能够沿着轴杆滑动。图24b示出本装置的平面图,其中近侧部分803处于相对于中间部分801的近侧位置。这是本装置在血栓或阻塞物中初始展开时的典型定向。当装置800被撤回以驱出血栓时,由于部件和血管壁之间有摩擦所以近侧部分803初始保持静止。在本装置撤回时,中间部分801和血栓相对于部分803向近侧移动,允许血栓在近侧部分的支架的作用下部分地回撤。这帮助在本装置被撤回到更大直径血管内时抓持血栓以及防止损失与血栓的接触。本装置继续撤回导致所有部分作为单一单元向近侧收缩,因为近侧部分803的移动受到与中间部分801的近侧连接部接触的、轴杆806上的领部805限制。然后,本装置和血栓可被撤回到近侧导管,用于从脉管系统除去。
图25a示出本发明的另一实施例的等轴测视图。在本装置850中,类似于在图22中描述的,本体部分851被形成有纵向波形形状。本体部分851还在一个或多个连接点855处被连接到两个或更多个拉丝853和854。这些拉丝853,854延伸至近侧手柄(未示出),在手柄处使用者或医生能够对丝施加拉力。通过将这些丝置于拉力下,可以改变本体部分851的波形轮廓并且可以缩短峰部859和860之间的节距距离。这可以导致血栓在波形形状的谷部856部分处的夹紧增大。图25b示出装置850在血管(未示出)中展开并且与血栓857接合。通过制动穿过微导管858的拉丝853,血栓857被抓持和压缩在本装置的谷部部分856中。
图25c示出本装置的另一反复方式(iteration)沿着血管轴线的侧视图。在本设计中,通过使用者向拉丝861和862施加拉力导致‘S’形状的侧翼863和864朝向‘S’的直径部分865移动。当本装置被展开为与血栓(未示出)接触时,侧翼863和864的致动夹住血栓,提高本装置在血栓上的抓持。可替代地,通过拉丝862和861使用者可以提高本装置完全扩张和在更大面积上接合血栓的能力。
图26a-26d示出本发明的装置的使用方法。引导丝904和微导管902被插入脉管系统900中,并且使用常规已知的技术被推进跨过阻塞性血栓901。当微导管902被定位在阻塞性血栓901的远侧时,从脉管系统900除去引导丝904,以允许取血栓装置910被推进穿过微导管902。装置910被以折叠的构型推进直到本装置的远侧末端到达微导管902的远侧端。微导管902被撤回,同时装置910的位置被维持以横跨血栓901而展开取血栓装置,使得装置910的远侧端优选被定位在血栓901远侧。本装置910包括被连接到细长的近侧轴杆部分911的血栓接合部分912。装置910扩张,以使其以波形模式与阻塞性血栓接合,这导致血栓在与本装置的峰部相邻的离散区域中局部压缩,但使在血栓本体的大部分上的总压缩最小。根据需要,可允许装置910在血栓901内潜伏一段时间。按照标准技术,通过使引导管上的气球状体915膨胀,可以利用血管中的流动抑制。收缩装置910将血栓从其在动脉中的位置驱出,进一步撤回本装置会取出血栓901,直到其被取回到引导管903或引导鞘管内。图26d示意出在取出到引导管903内的过程中与本装置接合的血栓。血流阻断、吸入和其它标准技术可在取血栓过程中使用。装置910可用盐溶液冲洗并且在重新装载到插入工具内之前进行温和清洁。装置910可被重新引入到微导管内以在阻塞性血栓的其它部段中再展开,如果需要的话。
图27a-27d示出了图26a-26d中示出的装置的细节并且示意出图23中示出的装置的一个实施例。图27a示出了包含血栓接合部分930和近侧轴杆931的装置的侧视图。图27b示出装置的平面图,而图27d示出同一装置的等轴测视图。图27c示出图27a中详细示出的截面图A–A。本装置可以由扁平片材形成并且被热设定成一系列波形形状,但保持扁平截面。在另一实施例中,本装置可以具有弯曲的或带轮廓的截面,或者通过弄平切割管或使用当沿着血管轴线看时为卵形或椭圆形截面形状的管形成。如在这里示出的所有实施例一样,本装置可以引入碎片保护特征,例如,比如在图23a和23b中示出的那些。
在一个实施例中,在自由扩张状态下波形模式的幅值是将要取出的阻塞性血栓所处的血管的直径的0.5和3.0倍之间。在优选的实施例中,在自由扩张状态下波形模式的幅值是将要取出的阻塞性血栓所处的血管的直径的0.5和2.0倍之间。在最优选的实施例中,在自由扩张状态下波形模式的幅值是将要取出的阻塞性血栓所处的血管的直径的0.5和1.5倍之间。在自由扩张状态下波形模式的节距优选在将要取出的阻塞性血栓所处的血管的直径的1.0和4.0倍之间。在自由扩张状态下波形模式的节距优选在波形模式的幅值的0.5和2.0倍之间。在人大脑中动脉内使用的优选实施例中,波形模式的幅值在2.0mm和6.0mm之间而波形模式的节距在3.0mm和8.0mm之间。
装置的另一实施例在图28a-28c中示出了。图28a中示出了装置的等轴测视图,图28b示出侧视图,而图28c示出同一装置的平面图。装置952包括被连接到细长轴杆951的血栓接合部分950。部分950可通过如下形成:将扁平片材激光切割成小室结构模式并且热设定成部分或整个的波形模式,以与血栓接合而提供良好的驱出抓持,但总血栓压缩最小。这种装置可包括在这里其他地方公开的小室结构模式中任一者,并且可被用于如关于图26a-d描述的那样取回血栓。本装置的波形形状沿着装置的长度改变血栓和装置之间的接触压力,形成峰部953和槽部954,在峰部953处本装置在血栓上施加相对高的压缩力,在槽部954处本装置在血栓上施加很小或不施加压缩力。峰部953之间的槽部954用作接收空间,血栓当在峰值953处压缩时可以自由流动到该空间内。较高压缩的区域允许本装置的支架嵌入血栓内,形成用显微镜可看见(支架)和肉眼可见(本装置的波形模式)两种水平的机械夹紧。本装置当被置于张力下时,比如在血栓从脉管系统驱出的过程中,也可以是细长的。这使血栓的线性压缩最小化并且在驱出过程中可使血栓细长,减小血栓和血管壁之间的摩擦,以及因此减小本装置除去血栓所需要的驱出力。
图29a示出不同扁平装置模式的例子,其可被形成为纵向的或侧向的波形形状。切割模式可被优化,以使特定的小室结构特征、比如冠状部或横支架与波形模式的峰部和槽部对齐,以最大化血栓嵌入和抓持。例如,一行小室结构973可被与波长对齐,使得冠状部974被定位于本装置波形的峰部和槽部(最大或最小波形幅值)处。类似地,横支架975可被定位于波形的峰部和槽部处,或在具有中间波形高度的中心线处。装置971的外边缘可以是弯曲的,以最小化血管接触压力。
图29a中示出的装置当沿着血管轴线看时可具有扁平的、弯曲的或带轮廓的横截面,例如图29b示出本实施例的截面图(B-B)。此截面图示意出弯曲轮廓,在形成过程之前或作为该形成过程的一部分该弯曲轮廓可被热设定成本装置,用于生成波形。本装置的横截面形状可以是扁平部分和弯曲部分的组合,如图29b中所示,其中本装置在中间部分980中是扁平的,与每一侧981处弯曲部分以及附加直线部分982相接合。
图30a-30f示出本发明的另一装置1006的使用方法,其中,类似于图12示出的那样,本装置在自由扩张的状态下呈现大致涡旋形或螺旋形的构型。此装置可以通过从管激光切割成所需的支架或通过切割扁平片材、然后在热设定之前围绕着芯轴包裹此扁平零件而形成。图30a-30f示出本发明的装置的使用方法。图30a示出动脉1001的代表,其具有分支和定位在分支处的阻塞性血栓1002。微导管1003被插入动脉1001内并且被使用常规已知的技术推进而横跨过阻塞性血栓1002。然后,取血栓装置1006可被推进穿过微导管1003到达目标部位。微导管被收缩,同时保持装置1006的位置以横跨血栓展开取血栓装置,以使装置1011的碎片保护部分优选被定位于血栓1002的远侧。
装置1006包括被连接到细长近侧轴杆部分和远侧碎片保护部分1011的血栓接合部分1010。装置的血栓接合部分1010扩张成螺旋形构型,允许血栓部分地或完全地被该装置包封。这允许本装置抓持和驱出血栓,同时使在血栓本体上的总压缩最小,使血栓更容易除去。初始驱出时,血栓可能部分地位于本装置的外面或近侧,并且在撤回到引导管或鞘管的过程中可以朝向装置的中心移动。引导管1005和中间导管1004在图30b–30f中示出了。在图30d中示出的使用方法中,中间导管1004被向前移动至血栓1002的表面,并且在将本装置和血栓取出到引导管1005内之前施加局部吸气。本装置还可以与血流阻断,吸气和在取血栓过程中通常使用的其它标准技术一起使用。图30e-30f示意出,在驱出和取出到引导管或鞘管1005内的过程中,装置1011的碎片保护部分如何能够捕捉可能会脱离或释放出的阻塞性血栓1002的碎片1012。
图31示出本装置的另一实施例1030,其中装置的近侧部分被以大致涡旋形或螺旋形形状1031(类似于图30的装置1006)配置并且被连接到径向或管状部分1033。螺旋部分可被连接到近侧轴杆1034或本装置的其它部分。远侧管状部分包含碎片保护部分1035并且被连接到远侧用来防止损伤的、射线不能透过的末端1032。图示的螺旋部分1031是示意性表示并且典型地包括激光切割小室结构模式。装置的螺旋部分1031用于提供用于驱出富含纤维的粘性血栓的改进了的性能,同时在撤回到引导管或鞘管的过程中管状部分1030提供良好的血栓保持。如这里示出的所有实施例,在重新装载到插入工具内之前,本装置可被进行冲洗和温和的清洁。如果需要的话,本装置可被重新引入微导管内,在阻塞性血栓的其它段中重新展开。
图32a示出本发明的另一取血栓装置的等轴测视图,包括在近侧附接到细长轴杆1051并且在远侧附接到可选的远侧末端1055的血栓接合部分1050。血栓接合部分1050包括由小室结构元件1052形成的一对侧轨,多个血栓接合支架元件1053和1054被连接到这些小室结构元件1052。支架元件1053和1054从由侧轨限定的平面的相反两侧突伸,如图32b的侧视图示出的。此设计意于以与前述的波状装置类似的原理操作,用于在横支架1053和1054处提供嵌入到血栓内的高嵌入力的局部区域,相邻的区域具有很小或没有嵌入或径向力。在横支架处的高嵌入力在血栓和装置之间形成机械干涉,使本装置能够牢固地抓持血栓,但是,因为这种嵌入以及形成的对血栓的压缩应用于非常离散且有限的区域上,所以对血栓总体的性能影响最小。这是非常重要的优势,因为发明人已经发现对血栓的压缩可使血栓变得更坚硬并且可增大其摩擦系数,这两者可能使其更难取出。
图33a示出本发明的另一取血栓装置的等轴测视图,其包括在近侧附接到细长轴杆1081并且在远侧附接到可选的远侧篮状部1082的血栓接合部分1080。血栓接合部分1080包括多个相邻的段1083和1084,它们彼此近似直角地布置。每段1083或1084可具有大致扁平的形状,但形成的总体结构1080具有三维结构,如在图33b示出的侧视图中能够看到的。这些交替的段在血栓中形成与前面示出的波状设计类似的高压缩区域和低压缩区域的类似模式,在血栓抓持和以最小力取出方面具有类似的优势。
从前述的说明中很显然,虽然已经图示和描述了本发明的特殊实施例,但在不偏离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可以进行各种修改。例如,虽然在这里描述的实施例参考了特殊特征,但本发明包括具有不同特征组合的实施例。本发明还包括不包含所有被描述的特殊特征的实施例。
因此,本发明不限制于前面描述的实施例,可以在结构和细节上进行改变。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于从血管中除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置,其包括血栓接合元件,所述血栓接合元件具有收缩的运输构型和扩张的展开构型,所述血栓接合元件具有第一周围部分,第二周围部分,和在第一周围部分和第二周围部分之间延伸的血栓接合部分,其中,在所述扩张构型中,这些周围部分被侧向地间隔开,所述血栓接合部分在这些周围部分之间延伸,并且其中所述装置的至少一部分具有纵向延伸的波动起伏延伸的边缘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述波动起伏延伸的边缘具有类似波浪的形式。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述波动起伏延伸的边缘具有正弦波的形式。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的取血栓装置,包括用于改变波浪形状的激活器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述激活器包括至少一个推丝和/或至少一个拉丝。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的取血栓装置,其中,在所述收缩构型和扩张构型两者中血栓接合部分是大致曲线形的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的取血栓装置,其中,在所述扩张构型中血栓接合部分是大致s-形的。
8.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述装置包括近侧部分,远侧部分,和近侧部分和远侧部分之间的血栓接合部分,其中近侧部分相对于血栓接合部分可滑动地移动。
9.根据权利要求8所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述近侧部分包括领部和从领部伸出的近侧支架,所述血栓接合部分包括近侧轴杆,并且所述领部相对于近侧轴杆可滑动地移动。
10.根据权利要求9所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述近侧部分的支架中的至少一些支架在向远侧方向上延伸,用于在所述领部相对于近侧轴杆向近侧移动时将血栓至少部分地捕获在血栓接合部分和近侧支架之间。
11.根据权利要求2或3所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述波动模式具有从2.0mm至6.0mm的幅值。
12.根据权利要求2,3或11所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述波动模式具有从3.0mm至8.0mm的节距。
13.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述血栓接合部分包括多个段,相邻的段彼此以约90°布置。
14.根据权利要求13所述的取血栓装置,其中,所述段中的至少一些段具有扁平形状的横向截面。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的取血栓装置,包括远侧的血栓碎片保护部分。
16.一种用于从血管中除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置,包括:
血栓接合部分,其具有收缩的运输构型和扩张的展开构型,其中,在所述扩张的展开构型中,所述血栓接合部分包括:
多个峰部部分,其被配置用于使血栓和所述装置之间的接触压力沿着所述装置的长度变化;和
相应峰部部分之间的多个槽部,其包括血栓接收空间;
其中,每个峰部被配置用于在血栓上施加相对高的压缩力,而每个槽部被配置用于在血栓上施加很小或不施加压缩力。
17.一种用于从血管中除去阻塞性血栓的取血栓装置,其包括:
轴杆;
血栓接合部分,其被连接到所述轴杆的远端并且具有收缩的运输构型和扩张的展开构型,其中,在所述扩张的展开构型中,所述血栓接合部分包括:
多个峰部部分,其被配置用于使血栓和所述装置之间的接触压力沿着所述装置的长度变化;和
相应峰部部分之间的多个槽部,其包括血栓接收空间;和
相对于所述血栓接合部分可移动的近侧部分,
其中,每个峰部被配置用于在血栓上施加相对高的压缩力,而每个槽部被配置用于在血栓上施加很小或不施加压缩力。
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