CN109310216B - 寝具及寝具用罩单 - Google Patents

寝具及寝具用罩单 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109310216B
CN109310216B CN201780034570.4A CN201780034570A CN109310216B CN 109310216 B CN109310216 B CN 109310216B CN 201780034570 A CN201780034570 A CN 201780034570A CN 109310216 B CN109310216 B CN 109310216B
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China
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water
layer
air
permeable
retaining
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CN201780034570.4A
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CN109310216A (zh
Inventor
近藤妙子
小岛昌和
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Airweave Manufacturing Inc
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Airweave Manufacturing Inc
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Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种例如即便婴幼儿吐出奶或口水等，也抑制长丝三维结合体内部的污染，并且容易确保透气性的寝具及寝具用罩单，构成为包括：垫层(101)，使用长丝三维结合体而形成，具有透气性；透气性拨水层(102)，设于所述垫层(101)的上侧，具有透气性及拨水性；以及透气性保水层(103)，设于所述透气性拨水层(102)的上侧，具有保水性及保水时的透气性。

Description

寝具及寝具用罩单
技术领域
本发明涉及一种床垫(mattress)或枕头等寝具及寝具用罩单(cover sheet)。
背景技术
对于在自己的意识下无法自由翻身的婴幼儿来说，若头朝下俯卧，则大多情况下要担心婴幼儿的口或鼻是否被床垫或枕头等寝具蒙住而难以呼吸。
另一方面，近年来运动员(athlete)等注重睡眠的人开始大量使用下述床垫，此床垫利用使包含热塑性树脂的长丝(线条)彼此三维熔接结合而成的长丝三维结合体作为垫材料(cushion material)。例如，专利文献1中公开了这种床垫的一例。
所述长丝三维结合体的空隙率高，透气性优异。因此，如图14所示，通过将长丝三维结合体用作婴幼儿用床垫700的垫材料，即便婴幼儿的脸埋没到床垫或枕头中也能够确保某程度的透气性，能够降低完全无法呼吸的风险(risk)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本专利特开2010-154965号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
但是，长丝三维结合体为多根长丝交缠的结构，因而有若婴幼儿吐出的奶或口水渗入至长丝三维结合体内部则难以擦拭，细菌容易繁殖而变得不卫生等问题。
另外，也想到在长丝三维结合体的上表面设置罩单，以使奶或口水不渗入至长丝三维结合体内部，但若罩单被奶或口水濡湿，则罩单的透气性容易降低。越欲防止奶或口水进入长丝三维结合体内部，罩单濡湿时的透气性越容易降低，难以使濡湿时的透气性与清洁性以高度的水平并存。
鉴于所述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种例如即便婴幼儿吐出奶或口水等，也抑制长丝三维结合体内部的污染，并且容易确保透气性的寝具及寝具用罩单。
解决问题的技术手段
本发明的寝具构成为包括：垫层，使用长丝三维结合体而形成，具有透气性；透气性拨水层，设于所述垫层的上侧，具有透气性及拨水性；以及透气性保水层，设于所述透气性拨水层的上侧，具有保水性及保水时的透气性。
根据本结构，例如即便婴幼儿吐出奶或口水等，也抑制长丝三维结合体内部的污染，并且容易确保透气性。此外，本发明的寝具配置于横卧的使用者(例如婴幼儿)的下侧，作为一例，相当于床垫或枕头。
另外，所述结构更具体而言也可设为下述结构：在所述透气性保水层的上侧，具备保水性低于所述透气性保水层且具有透气性及透水性的非保水性透水层。根据本结构，非保水性透水层密接于横卧在寝具上的使用者的皮肤等，通过将汗等水分迅速导入透气性保水层或向大气中蒸发，而能够抑制皮肤表面因汗等水分而发粘。
另外，所述结构更具体而言也可设为下述结构：所述透气性拨水层是由使用疏水性纱的编织物或针织物所构成，所述疏水性纱是由选自聚酯纤维(polyester fibre)、尼龙纤维(nylon fibre)及亚克力纤维(acrylic fibre)中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维所构成，所述透气性保水层是由使用亲水性纱、与疏水性纱此两种纱的编织物或针织物所构成，所述亲水性纱是由选自棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维(rayon fibre)中的一种或两种以上的亲水性纤维所构成，所述疏水性纱是由选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维所构成。
此外，在仅使用包含棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝那样的亲水性纤维的亲水性纱作为透气性保水层的情况下，在透气性保水层含有大量水分的状态下，因水的表面张力而纱的间隙被水堵塞。若为了防止这一情况而预先在布料中设置大的间隙，则保水性降低，因此为了提高保水性而需要增厚布料。通过将由选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维构成的疏水性纱，与由选自棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维中的一种或两种以上的亲水性纤维构成的亲水性纱一起用作透气性保水层，即便在透气性保水层含有大量水分的状态下，也能够在疏水性纱彼此交叉的接触点附近，残留不因水的表面张力而被堵塞的间隙，从而能够保水并且确保透气性。此外，即便水暂时积存在疏水性纱彼此交叉的纱的间隙中，也由于在其附近存在亲水性纱，而水从表面能小的疏水性纱被吸至表面能大的亲水性纱，因此疏水性纱的间隙的水分移动至亲水性纱。
另外，也可设为下述结构：在具有包含所述垫层的垫体、及可对所述垫体拆装的罩单的所述结构的寝具中，所述透气性保水层设于所述罩单。另外，也可设为下述结构：在具有包含所述垫层的垫体、及可对所述垫体拆装的罩单的所述结构的寝具中，所述透气性保水层及所述透气性拨水层设于所述罩单。
根据这些结构，例如可将经污染的罩单从垫体拆下，更容易地清洗罩单。另外，所述结构的寝具可为枕头或床垫，也可为其他寝具。
另外，本发明的寝具用罩单构成为：可对使用长丝三维结合体而形成的具有透气性的垫体拆装，并且与所述垫体一起形成寝具，且所述寝具用罩单包括：具有透气性及拨水性的透气性拨水层、以及具有保水性及保水时的透气性的透气性保水层，且通过安装于所述垫体，而以将所述透气性拨水层配置于所述垫体的上侧，将所述透气性保水层配置于所述透气性拨水层的上侧的方式形成。
根据本结构，通过安装于垫体，能够获得与本发明的寝具同等或以此为准的效果，并且可拆下垫体而容易地清洗寝具用罩单。
另外，所述结构更具体而言可设为下述寝具用罩单：所述透气性拨水层是由使用疏水性纱的编织物或针织物所构成，所述疏水性纱是由选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维所构成，所述透气性保水层是由使用亲水性纱、与疏水性纱此两种纱的编织物或针织物所构成，所述亲水性纱是由选自棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维中的一种或两种以上的亲水性纤维所构成，所述疏水性纱是由选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维所构成。
另外，所述结构更具体而言也可设为下述结构：具有保水性低于所述透气性保水层且具有透气性及透水性的非保水性透水层，通过安装于所述垫体，而将所述非保水性透水层配置于所述透气性保水层的上侧。根据本结构，非保水性透水层密接于横卧在寝具上的使用者的皮肤等，通过将汗等水分迅速导入透气性保水层或向大气中蒸发，而能够抑制皮肤的表面因汗等水分而发粘。
发明的效果
根据本发明的寝具或寝具用罩单，例如即便婴幼儿吐出奶或口水等，也抑制长丝三维结合体内部的污染，并且容易确保透气性。
附图说明
图1是第一实施方式的婴幼儿用寝具套组的外观立体图。
图2是图1所示的寝具套组的截面图。
图3是长丝三维结合体制造装置的概略性结构图。
图4是图3所示的长丝三维结合体制造装置的截面箭视图。
图5是图3所示的喷嘴板附近的概略性结构图。
图6是第二实施方式的床垫的截面图。
图7是第三实施方式的床垫的截面图。
图8(a)～图8(c)是表示透气性保水层的详细结构的一例的说明图。
图9是第四实施方式的枕头的截面图。
图10是第五实施方式的枕头的截面图。
图11是第六实施方式的床垫的外观立体图。
图12是第六实施方式的床垫的截面图。
图13A是与网面布料有关的说明图。
图13B是与另一网面布料有关的说明图。
图13C是与双层透气(double russel)布料有关的说明图。
图14是与婴幼儿用床垫有关的说明图。
符号的说明
1：长丝三维结合体制造装置
2：熔融长丝
3：长丝三维结合体
10：熔融长丝供给装置
11：加压熔融部
11a：料缸
11b：排出口
12：长丝排出部(模头)
12a：导流路
13：材料投入部(料斗)
14：螺杆
15：螺杆电机
16：螺杆加热器
17：喷嘴板
17a：喷嘴
18(18a～18f)：模头加热器
20：三维结合体形成装置
21：长丝三维结合体厚度限制部
21a、21b：承接板
22：长丝冷却部
23：水槽
24a、24b：输送机
25a～25h：搬送辊
100、200、350、650：床垫
150、400、550：枕头
300、600；床垫用罩单
500：枕头用罩单
101、151、201、401：透气性垫层
102、152、202、301、402、501：透气性拨水层
103、153、203、302、403、502：透气性保水层
204、303、404、503：非保水性透水层
310、510、610：垫体
601a：第一透气性拨水层
601b：第二透气性拨水层
602a：第一透气性保水层
602b：第二透气性保水层
具体实施方式
以下，一方面参照附图一方面对本发明的各实施方式进行说明。此外，与床垫或枕头的说明有关的上下、左右及前后的各方向(彼此正交的方向)如各附图所示。仅以上下方向与图1等所示的床垫的厚度方向一致，且以前后方向与床垫的长度方向(横卧在床垫上的使用者的身高方向)一致的方式方便地设定。
1.第一实施方式
首先，对本发明的第一实施方式进行说明。图1是本实施方式的婴幼儿用寝具套组的外观立体图。另外，图2是将图1所示的寝具套组以左右一分为二的平面切断时的截面图。这些图所示的寝具套组为在床垫100上放置枕头150。床垫100及枕头150均为配置在横卧的婴幼儿下方的寝具的一实施方式。
此外，详细情况将于后述，但床垫100及枕头150的结构是设计成即便俯卧的婴幼儿的脸埋没也尽量不妨碍呼吸。根据所述寝具套组，即便俯卧的婴幼儿成为脸埋没到床垫100及枕头150中的任一个的状态，也能够相对较畅快地呼吸。
其中，床垫100及枕头150也能以分别独立的寝具的形式各自使用。例如，也可采用不使用枕头150而使婴幼儿睡在床垫100上的使用方法，或在通常的床垫或被子上放置枕头150，以将头枕在枕头150上的方式使婴幼儿睡下的使用方法。
床垫100含有具有透气性的透气性垫层101、具有透气性及拨水性的透气性拨水层102、以及具有保水性及保水时的透气性的透气性保水层103。这些各层例如可通过在层叠配置后实施粘接或缝合等而一体化。
透气性垫层101(后述的枕头的透气性垫层151也同样)是使包含热塑性树脂的长丝(线条)彼此三维熔接结合而形成的、空隙率高且透气性优异的长丝三维结合体。此外，关于长丝三维结合体的制造装置及制造方法，将于下文中详细说明。透气性垫层101是形成为适于从下方支撑横卧的婴幼儿的全身的床垫的尺寸。
透气性拨水层102是以覆盖整个透气性垫层101(包含透气性垫层101的上侧的面)的方式设置。透气性拨水层102(后述的枕头的透气性拨水层152也同样)是由具有与经干燥的口罩(mask)同等或更高的透气性，且水分不渗透的多孔质的疏水性材料所形成的层。所谓疏水性材料，是指含有不具有与水的亲和性高的羟基等极性基的单元作为主成分的高分子材料(此处，未考虑高分子末端的极性基)，具有亲水性低(表面能低，拨水性高)而不易吸附水(容易斥水)的特性。疏水性材料例如可举出：聚酯、尼龙、亚克力、聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯。透气性拨水层102的拨水性(疏水性)高于透气性保水层103，且发挥尽量不妨碍透气性，但更充分地抑制奶或口水等向透气性垫层101渗入的作用。
所述透气性拨水层102优选为可获得俯卧的婴幼儿能够畅快地呼吸的程度的透气性，例如能够使用：每100平方厘米形成有1,000个～10,000个左右的直径0.5mm～2mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～5mm，且由疏水性材料的纤维(疏水性纤维)所形成的多孔质的针织物或编织物；每100平方厘米形成有300～3000个直径1mm～2mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～2mm，且由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)等疏水性树脂所构成的多孔质片材等。
透气性拨水层102也能够使用利用粗纱的平织的布(针织物)。若相邻纱彼此的间隙过窄则透气性降低，若过宽则防水性降低，因此相邻纱彼此的间隔(相当于孔的直径)优选为0.1mm以上且2mm以下，进而优选为0.2mm以上且1mm以下。
多孔质的针织物或编织物能够使用由聚酯等疏水性纤维所形成的网面布料或双层透气布料等，能够将这些布料使用一片或重叠使用多片。此外，网面布料例如可应用图13A或图13B所示的实施方式的布料，双层透气布料例如可应用图13C所示的实施方式的布料。特别是双层透气布料，一片布料便可获得充分的层厚，因而能够在压缩变形时也确保透气性垫层101与透气性保水层103的层间距离，因此抑制奶或口水等从透气性保水层103向透气性垫层101渗入的效果提高。进而，通过100％或局部地使用经氟系树脂等实施了拨水加工的聚酯纤维或氟碳纤维(聚四氟乙烯)作为疏水性纤维，能够容易地斥水(提高拨水性)，因此抑制奶或口水等渗入的效果进一步提高。
透气性保水层103是以隔着透气性拨水层102而与透气性垫层101的整个上表面相向的方式设于透气性垫层101的上侧。透气性保水层103优选为与透气性垫层101相比而保水性充分高，由此能够更良好地保持奶或口水等。透气性保水层103(后述的枕头的透气性保水层153也同样)是由在干燥状态及濡湿状态下具有与经干燥的口罩同等或更高的透气性，且吸水性及保水性优异的多孔质的亲水性材料(保水性材料)所形成的厚度为2mm～10mm左右的层。所谓亲水性材料，是指含有具有与水的亲和性高的羟基等极性基的单元作为主成分的高分子材料，具有亲水性高(表面能高，拨水性低)而容易吸附水(不易斥水)的特性。亲水性材料例如可举出棉、麻、人造丝等纤维素系纤维。
所述透气性保水层103需要获得即便在吸收了水分的状态下也能够畅快地呼吸的程度的透气性，能够使用：每100平方厘米形成有100个～3,000个左右的直径1mm～5mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～5mm，且由棉或人造丝所形成的多孔质的针织物(纱布)或编织物；或者，每100平方厘米形成有100个～1,000个直径2mm～5mm的孔，厚度为2mm～5mm，且由聚乙烯醇(PVA)或鞣皮等亲水性材料所形成的多孔质片材等。多孔质的针织物或编织物能够使用由棉等亲水性纤维所形成的网面布料或双层透气布料等，能够将这些布料使用一片或重叠使用多片。特别是双层透气布料，一片布料便可获得充分的层厚，因而能够提高保水性，因此优选。透气性保水层103也能够使用利用粗纱的平织的布(针织物)。若相邻纱彼此的间隙过窄则保水时的透气性降低，若过宽则保水性降低，因此相邻纱彼此的间隔(相当于孔的直径)优选为0.5mm以上且3mm以下，进而优选为1mm以上且2mm以下。
关于透气性保水层103(及枕头的透气性保水层153)的吸水性，若每单位面积的吸水量少，则婴幼儿吐出的奶或口水在水平方向上扩展而被吸收，吸收速度变慢。因此，此吸水量理想为尽可能高。例如，所述每单位面积的吸水量优选为每100平方厘米为20g以上，进而优选为每100平方厘米为50g以上。
另外，从使俯卧的婴幼儿的呼吸畅快的观点来看，透气性保水层103(及枕头的透气性保水层153)理想为确保必要的保水性能，但也具有尽可能高的透气性。关于此透气性，可根据婴幼儿的呼吸力(吸入空气的力或吐出空气的力)而适当调整。
关于透气性的具体数值，优选为利用依据日本工业标准(Japanese IndustrialStandards，JIS)L 1096-19998.27.1A法(弗雷泽型(Frazir Type)法)的适当的透气性测定方法所测定的各层(相当于透气性拨水层及透气性保水层，第二实施方式～第五实施方式的情况下除了这些以外，也相当于非保水性透水层)的透气性为150cm3/cm2·s以上，以将垫层除外的整个罩单计，优选为100cm3/cm2·s以上。
关于透气性拨水层(或第二实施方式～第五实施方式中的非保水性透水层)的透气性测定方法的具体例，可举出采取透气性拨水层(或第二实施方式～第五实施方式的非保水性透水层)的试片，使用弗雷泽型试验机(安田精机制作所股份有限公司制造)的方法。此方法中，在所述试验机的圆筒的一端(吸气侧)安装试片后，利用变阻器以倾斜式气压计显示125Pa的压力的方式调整吸入风扇，根据此时的垂直式气压计所显示的压力、及所使用的空气孔的种类，利用所述试验机所附带的表而求出透过试片的透气性(cm3/cm2·s)。
另外，关于透气性保水层的透气性测定方法的具体例，可举出采取经80g水濡湿的20cm×20cm的透气性保水层的试片，使用弗雷泽型试验机(安田精机制作所股份有限公司制造)的方法。此方法中，在所述试验机的圆筒的一端(吸气侧)安装试片后，利用变阻器以倾斜式气压计显示125Pa的压力的方式调整吸入风扇，根据此时的垂直式气压计所显示的压力、及所使用的空气孔的种类，利用所述试验机所附带的表而求出透过试片的透气性(cm3/cm2·s)。
如本实施方式所示，在由容易吸附水(亲水性高)的保水性材料所构成的透气性保水层103的铅垂方向下部，设有由不易吸附水(亲水性低)的疏水性材料所构成的透气性拨水层102，由此在透气性保水层103与透气性拨水层102的界面上形成妨碍水移动的障壁(表面能隙)，利用此障壁，处于界面的水从透气性拨水层102被吸至透气性保水层103，由此抑制以水为主成分的奶或口水等的移动的效果提高。
关于透气性拨水层102的材料，不要求绝对的拨水性，只要分别构成透气性保水层103与透气性拨水层102的材料中，疏水性(拨水性)的水平不同即可。例如，也能以透气性拨水层102的接触角(前进接触角及后退接触角两者)的值高于透气性保水层103的接触角(前进接触角及后退接触角两者)的值的方式选择各自的材料。
特别是不使用纤维且拨水性极高的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)制的多孔质片材，水或污渍也不会进入纤维间，污渍不易附着，因此适合作为透气性拨水层102(及枕头的透气性拨水层152)的材料。
透气性保水层103也可不仅设于透气性垫层101的上侧而且还设于下侧。这样，可将床垫100制成即便上下倒置也发挥同样效果的两面可用(reversible)规格。此时，在放置床垫100时无需在意上下朝向，另外，即便在床垫100的上侧沾污时等作为应急措施而将床垫100翻过来使用，也可获得所需效果。所述方面对于后述的第二实施方式及第三实施方式的床垫而言也同样。
此外，本实施方式中，透气性拨水层102是以覆盖整个床垫100的方式设置，因此可抑制水分从所有方向朝透气性垫层101渗入。即，不仅抑制婴幼儿吐出的奶或口水等从上侧渗入，而且也能够抑制水分从下侧或横侧(前后左右)渗入。
另外，枕头150中设有具有透气性的透气性垫层151、具有透气性及拨水性的透气性拨水层152、以及具有保水性及保水时的透气性的透气性保水层153。这些各层例如可通过在层叠配置后实施粘接或缝合等而一体化。
此外，关于材质或厚度方向的尺寸及结构等，透气性拨水层152与上文所述的透气性拨水层102同等，透气性保水层153与上文所述的透气性保水层103同等。关于保水性、吸水性及拨水性，透气性拨水层152具有与透气性拨水层102同等的特性，透气性保水层153具有与透气性保水层103同等的特性。
透气性垫层151为与透气性垫层101同样的长丝三维结合体，可利用与透气性垫层101的情况同样的方法而制造。透气性垫层151是形成为适于承载横卧的婴幼儿的头的枕头的尺寸。
透气性拨水层152是以覆盖整个透气性垫层151(包含透气性垫层151的上侧的面)的方式设置。透气性拨水层152的疏水性(拨水性)高于透气性保水层153，且发挥尽量不妨碍透气性，但更充分地抑制奶或口水等向透气性垫层151渗入的作用。
透气性保水层153是以覆盖整个透气性拨水层152的方式设置。此外，透气性保水层153的上侧部分也能够视为以隔着透气性拨水层152而与透气性垫层151的整个上表面相向的方式，设于透气性垫层151的上侧。透气性保水层153优选为与透气性垫层151相比而保水性充分高，由此能够更良好地保持奶或口水等。
此外，透气性拨水层152、透气性保水层153是以覆盖透气性垫层151的整个外侧(包含上侧及下侧)的方式层叠，因此成为即便将枕头150上下倒置也发挥同样效果的两面可用规格。因此，在放置枕头150时无需在意上下朝向，另外，即便在枕头150的上侧沾污时等作为应急措施而将枕头150翻过来使用，也可获得所需效果。
但是，例如为了削减制造成本等，透气性拨水层152也能以仅覆盖透气性垫层151的上侧的方式设置，透气性保水层153也能以仅覆盖透气性拨水层152的上侧的方式设置。所述方面对于后述的第四实施方式及第五实施方式的枕头而言也同样。
如以上所说明，本实施方式的各寝具(床垫100、枕头150)包括：使用长丝三维结合体而形成的具有透气性的垫层(透气性垫层101或透气性垫层151)；以及设于所述垫层的上侧，具有保水性及保水时的透气性的透气性保水层(透气性保水层103或透气性保水层153)。
因此，根据各寝具(床垫100、枕头150)，能够使透气性保水层介于横卧的婴幼儿与垫层之间。由此，例如即便婴幼儿吐出奶或口水等，透气性保水层也保持所述奶或口水等，由此能够尽量防止长丝三维结合体内部的污染。另外，同时透气性保水层即便在保持有奶或口水等的状态下也容易确保透气性，可尽量不妨碍俯卧的婴幼儿的呼吸。
这样，各寝具(床垫100、枕头150)发挥透气性或弹力性等优异的长丝三维结合体的特性(适于寝具的特性)，并且也设想婴幼儿吐出奶或口水等的状况，而设计成俯卧的婴幼儿也能够尽可能畅快地呼吸。
此外，所述透气性保水层优选为具有即便保有奶或口水等水分但透气性也几乎不降低的性质，但即便透气性因保水而稍许降低，也只要维持可确保俯卧的婴幼儿的呼吸的程度的透气性，则障碍少。考虑到这一方面，例如也可预先推定婴幼儿可能吐出的奶或口水等的水分量，将即便保有此所推定的量的水分也可维持所述程度的透气性者用作透气性保水层。
另外，本实施方式的各寝具(床垫100、枕头150)中，还在所述垫层与所述透气性保水层之间具备具有透气性及拨水性的透气性拨水层(透气性拨水层102或透气性拨水层152)。因此，可更充分地防止奶或口水等到达长丝三维结合体内部。例如即便在溢出大量的奶那样的情况下，透气性拨水层也能够阻止奶向垫层内渗入，尽量防止长丝三维结合体内部的污染。
另外，溢出至各寝具(床垫100、枕头150)的奶或口水等大部分积存于透气性保水层而未到达垫层，因此相对较容易通过表面附近的清洗或擦拭等而除去。通过将奶或口水等适当除去，可保持寝具清洁。此外，例如也可在透气性保水层中设置颜色因水分而改变的材料，以可容易地把握含有奶或口水等的部位。
各寝具(床垫100、枕头150)中，也可设为可将垫层以外的层部分(本实施方式的情况下，为透气性拨水层与透气性保水层的合计部分、或透气性保水层的部分)从垫层分离，且利用家用洗衣机等而可整体清洗。此外，关于将垫层以外的层部分设于寝具用罩单的实施方式，将作为后述的第三实施方式及第五实施方式进行更详细说明。
此外，本实施方式(后述的第二～第六的各实施方式中也同样)中，透气性拨水层优选为由使用疏水性纱的编织物或针织物所构成，所述疏水性纱是由选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维所构成。另外，透气性保水层优选为由使用亲水性纱、与疏水性纱此两种纱的编织物或针织物所构成，所述亲水性纱是由选自棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维中的一种或两种以上的亲水性纤维所构成，所述疏水性纱是由选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维所构成。
所谓本发明中的疏水性纤维(疏水性纱)，是指由含有不具有与水的亲和性高的羟基等极性基的单元(单体)作为主成分的高分子材料所形成的纤维(纱)，可举出聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维、聚乙烯纤维等。这些中，聚酯纤维由于耐久性优异，且能够以低成本获取，因而特别优选。另外，所谓本发明中的亲水性纤维(亲水性纱)，是指由含有具有与水的亲和性高的羟基等极性基的单元(单体)作为主成分的高分子材料所形成的纤维(纱)，可举出棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维等纤维素系纤维。这些中，棉纤维由于吸水性优异(保水性)或耐久性优异，且能够以低成本获取，因而特别优选。
在仅使用包含棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝那样的亲水性纤维的亲水性纱作为透气性保水层的情况下，在透气性保水层含有大量水分的状态下，因水的表面张力而纱的间隙被水堵塞。若为了防止这一情况而预先在布料中设置大的间隙，则保水性降低，因此为了提高保水性而需要增厚布料。
通过将由选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维及亚克力纤维中的一种或两种以上的疏水性纤维所构成的疏水性纱，与由选自棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维中的一种或两种以上的亲水性纤维所构成的亲水性纱一起用作透气性保水层，即便在透气性保水层含有大量水分的状态下，也能够在疏水性纱彼此交叉的接触点附近，残留不因水的表面张力而被堵塞的间隙，从而能够确保透气性。
此外，即便水暂时积存在疏水性纱彼此交叉的纱的间隙中，也由于在其附近存在亲水性纱，而水从表面能小的疏水性纱被吸至表面能大的亲水性纱，因此疏水性纱的间隙的水分能够移动至亲水性纱。
接下来，对可用作各透气性垫层101、151的长丝三维结合体的制造装置及制造方法进行说明。图3是长丝三维结合体制造装置1的概略性结构图。图4是图3所示的长丝三维结合体制造装置的A-A′截面箭视图。图5是图3所示的喷嘴板17附近的更详细的结构图。
长丝三维结合体制造装置1包括：熔融长丝供给装置10，将多根熔融长丝向铅垂下方排出；三维结合体形成装置20，使所述多根熔融长丝三维熔接结合，并且冷却固化而形成长丝三维结合体；以及厚度控制装置(未图示)，控制长丝三维结合体的厚度。
熔融长丝供给装置10包含加压熔融部11(挤出机)及长丝排出部12(模头)。加压熔融部11包含材料投入部13(料斗)、螺杆14、螺杆电机(screw motor)15、螺杆加热器16及未图示的多个温度传感器。
在加压熔融部11的内部，形成有用于将从材料投入部13供给的热塑性树脂一面加热熔融一面搬送的料缸11a，且可旋转地收容有螺杆14。在料缸11a的下游侧端部，形成有用于将热塑性树脂向长丝排出部12排出的排出口11b。
长丝排出部12包含喷嘴板17、多个模头加热器18(18a～18f)及未图示的多个温度传感器。在长丝排出部12的内部，形成有将从加压熔融部11的排出口11b排出的熔融热塑性树脂引导至喷嘴板17的导流路12a。
喷嘴板17是形成有作为多个开口部的喷嘴17a的大致长方体的金属制厚板，设于相当于导流路12a的最下游部的长丝排出部12的下部。本实施方式中，将圆形的喷嘴17a的内径设定为1mm，将邻接的喷嘴17a间的距离(间距)设定为10mm，但能够根据长丝三维结合体的斥力的方式，适当调整喷嘴形状、喷嘴内径、喷嘴间隔或喷嘴配置。
关于本实施方式中能够用作长丝三维结合体的材料的热塑性树脂，例如能够使用：聚乙烯、聚丙烯等聚烯烃系树脂，聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯等聚酯系树脂，尼龙66等聚酰胺系树脂，聚氯乙烯树脂及聚苯乙烯树脂等，或苯乙烯系弹性体、氯乙烯系弹性体、烯烃系弹性体、氨基甲酸酯系弹性体、聚酯系弹性体、腈系弹性体、聚酰胺系弹性体、氟系弹性体等热塑性弹性体等。
从材料投入部13供给的热塑性树脂在料缸11a内经加热熔融后，以熔融热塑性树脂的形式从排出口11b被供给于长丝排出部12的导流路12a，从喷嘴板17的多个喷嘴17a向三维结合体形成装置20排出多根熔融长丝。
三维结合体形成装置20包含长丝三维结合体厚度限制部21及长丝冷却部22。长丝三维结合体厚度限制部21包含一对承接板21a、21b。承接板21a、21b分别为具有包含向中央部(朝向彼此接近)向下倾斜的平板状的倾斜面、及向铝垂方向下方延伸的平板状铅垂面的弯曲部的金属板，这些金属板空开规定间隙而面对称地设置。此外，三维结合体形成装置20中，也可在与长丝三维结合体的厚度对应的方向(图5中的左右方向)上，设有用以驱动承接板21a、21b的机构。
长丝三维结合体厚度限制部21中，对于从喷嘴板17排出的多根熔融长丝(熔融长丝群)，一面在长丝三维结合体的厚度方向上限制搬送路径，一面将所述厚度方向两端部的熔融长丝引导至中央部，向后述的水槽23搬送。另外，三维结合体形成装置20利用水槽23的冷却水的浮力作用，使多根熔融长丝滞留而形成线圈(loop)，同时使邻接的熔融长丝彼此熔接结合，由此形成长丝三维结合体。此外，也可在承接板21a、21b的上部设置未图示的冷却水供给装置，对承接板21a、21b的整个表面供给冷却水。
长丝冷却部22包含蓄积冷却水的水槽23、进行熔融长丝群的抽取及搬送的抽取部24、多个搬送辊25a～25h、以及经由未图示的齿轮而驱动输送机(conveyor)24a、24b及多个搬送辊25a～25h的搬送电机。长丝冷却部22使形成三维结合后的熔融长丝冷却固化，形成长丝三维结合体。抽取部24包含搬送长丝三维结合体的一对输送机24a、24b。
输送机24a包含驱动辊24a1、从动辊24a2、及由驱动辊24a1与从动辊24a2铺架的包含金属网的环形带24a3，由未图示的搬送电机予以旋转驱动。输送机24b包含驱动辊24b1、从动辊24b2、及由驱动辊24b1与从动辊24b2铺架的包含金属网的环形带24b3，由未图示的搬送电机予以旋转驱动。
此外，本实施方式中，使用包含网状的金属网的带式输送机作为环形带24a3、24b3，但只要为搬送部件则并无特别限制，也可使用条板式输送机(slat conveyor)等。搬送辊25a～25h分别由未图示的支撑部件可旋转地支撑，同时以在与长丝三维结合体之间获得规定的摩擦力的方式，利用未图示的弹簧向压缩长丝三维结合体的方向施力。
根据所述长丝三维结合体制造装置1，能够将经三维熔接结合的多根熔融长丝冷却固化而连续地形成长丝三维结合体，将其以适当尺寸切断等而成的物品可应用作各寝具(床垫100、枕头150)的透气性垫层。
2.第二实施方式
接下来，对本发明的第二实施方式进行说明。图6是第二实施方式的床垫200的截面图(将床垫200以左右一分为二的平面切断时的截面图)。床垫200含有具有透气性的透气性垫层201、具有透气性及拨水性的透气性拨水层202、具有保水性及保水时的透气性的透气性保水层203、以及非保水性透水层204。
透气性垫层201、透气性拨水层202及透气性保水层203的材质、结构及位置关系等分别与第一实施方式的床垫100中的透气性垫层101、透气性拨水层102及透气性保水层103同样，因而此处省略详细说明。
另一方面，非保水性透水层204是以与透气性保水层203的整个上表面相向的方式设于透气性保水层203的上侧。非保水性透水层204的上表面成为床垫200的上侧表面。
非保水性透水层204是由保水性低但吸水并扩散水的材料所形成的层，透气性及透水性(通水性、透湿性)优异，例如具有容易使汗、奶及口水等水分透过的性质。非保水性透水层204至少保水性低于透气性保水层203。此非保水性透水层204优选为可获得俯卧的婴幼儿能够畅快地呼吸的程度的透气性，例如能够使用：每100平方厘米形成有1,000～10,000个左右的直径0.5mm～3mm的孔且厚度为0.5mm～5mm的多孔质的针织物或编织物。
关于吸水并扩散水的材料，例如能够利用将能够通过毛细管现象而吸水并使水扩散的超极细聚酯纤维或异形截面的聚酯纤维纺织而成的纱等，除此以外，还能够使用在聚酯纤维等疏水性纤维中混合1％～20％的人造丝等亲水性纤维并纺织而成的纱等。在使用利用粗纱的平织的布(纱布状的针织物)作为非保水性透水层204的情况下，若相邻纱彼此的间隙过窄则透气性降低，若过宽则水的吸水扩散性降低，因而相邻纱彼此的间隔(相当于孔的直径)优选为0.5mm以上且3mm以下，进而优选为1mm以上且2mm以下。
非保水性透水层204密接于横卧在床垫200上的婴幼儿的皮肤，有将汗等水分迅速导入透气性保水层203或向大气中蒸发的作用。由此，可获得抑制婴幼儿的皮肤因汗等水分而发粘的效果，从而可进一步提高舒适度。
此外，为了将床垫200设为即便上下颠倒也能够使用的两面可用规格，也可将透气性保水层203及非保水性透水层204设于透气性垫层201的上下两侧。设为两面可用规格的优点如第一实施方式的说明中所提及。
3.第三实施方式
接下来，对本发明的第三实施方式进行说明。图7是第三实施方式的床垫350的截面图。此外，本实施方式中，将重点置于床垫用罩单300的说明，因此考虑到观看容易性而对垫体310进行空心表示。
床垫350是由垫体310、及覆盖垫体310的外周部的床垫用罩单300(寝具用罩单的一实施方式)所形成。床垫350成为在利用未图示的拉链而开闭自如的袋状的床垫用罩单300中插入有垫体310的状态。
垫体310与第一实施方式的床垫100的透气性垫层101同等，是使包含热塑性树脂的长丝(线条)彼此三维熔接结合而形成的、空隙率高且透气性优异的长丝三维结合体。
床垫用罩单300具有透气性拨水层301、设于透气性拨水层301的上侧的透气性保水层302、及设于透气性保水层302的外周部(包含透气性保水层302的上侧)的非保水性透水层303，整体上看形成为可收容整个垫体310的袋状。
若进行更具体说明，则透气性拨水层301是以将插入至床垫用罩单300内的垫体310的所有方向覆盖的方式设为袋状，透气性保水层302是设为覆盖透气性拨水层301的上侧的片状。另外，非保水性透水层303是以从外侧覆盖透气性拨水层301及透气性保水层302的方式设置。此外，透气性拨水层301、透气性保水层302及非保水性透水层303的材质或结构分别与第二实施方式的床垫200中的透气性拨水层202、透气性保水层203及非保水性透水层204同样。
此外，透气性拨水层301也能以仅覆盖垫体310的上侧的方式设置，非保水性透水层303也能以仅覆盖透气性保水层302的上侧的方式设置。另外，透气性保水层302也能以覆盖透气性拨水层301的所有方向的方式设置。
此处，将透气性保水层302的详细结构的一例示于图8(a)～图8(c)中。图8(a)为将透气性保水层302以规定截面(图8(b)所示的B-B′截面)切断时的截面图，图8(b)是上段层351的上表面图。此外，图8(a)中省略各层的孔部的表示。图8(c)是相当于图8(a)的局部放大图的图，也表示截面上的各层的孔部的位置关系。
图8(a)～图8(c)所示的透气性保水层302成为将分别由鞣皮等高吸水性材料构成的上段层351、中段层352及下段层353自上而下依次层叠而成的结构。另外，上段层351、中段层352及下段层353中设有多数个孔部351a～353a。各层的孔部351a～353a例如为直径3mm～5mm的贯通孔，在各层中大致等间隔地遍布设置。
各层的孔部351a～353a如图8(c)所示，在每个层中错开配置。更具体而言，各层的孔部351a～353a是以如下方式配置：以与相邻层的孔部连通的方式一部分重合，但在透气性保水层302中不产生上下贯穿的部位(所有层的孔部重叠的部位)。由此，透气性保水层302通过上表面与下表面经由各层的孔部351a～353a连通而形成空气的通道(参照图8(c)的实线箭头)，确保良好的透气性。
进而，未将各层的孔部351a～353a配置成上下贯穿透气性保水层302，所述空气的通道相应地变长，可抑制从上段部351的孔部351a渗入至透气性保水层302内的水分(奶或口水等)容易地到达下表面。由此，透气性保水层302将渗入至上段部351的孔部351的水分也充分吸收，确保良好的保水性。此外，图8(a)～图8(c)所例示的透气性保水层的结构不限于本实施方式，也可应用于其他实施方式的透气性保水层。
床垫用罩单300中设有未图示的拉链。通过拉开此拉链而垫体310拆装自如，另一方面，通过将此拉链闭合，能够防止已插入的垫体310随意地脱出。设置此拉链的位置并无特别限定，从容易拆装垫体310且不妨碍睡眠舒心感的观点来看，例如优选为设于前后左右的任一端部附近。
根据本实施方式的床垫350，成为在垫体310的上侧，自下而上依次层叠有透气性拨水层301、透气性保水层302及非保水性透水层303的实施方式。因此，可获得与第二实施方式的床垫200同等或以此为准的效果。
进而，本实施方式中，从床垫用罩单300中取出垫体310而仅清洗床垫用罩单300的操作也简单，因而更容易保持床垫350清洁。
此外，为了将床垫350设为即便上下颠倒也能够使用的两面可用规格，透气性保水层302及非保水性透水层303也可设于垫体310的上下两侧。设为两面可用规格的优点如第一实施方式的说明中所提及。
4.第四实施方式
接下来，对本发明的第四实施方式进行说明。图9是第四实施方式的枕头400的截面图(将枕头400以左右一分为二的平面切断时的截面图)。枕头400含有具有透气性的透气性垫层401、具有透气性及拨水性的透气性拨水层402、具有保水性及保水时的透气性的透气性保水层403、以及非保水性透水层404。
透气性垫层401、透气性拨水层402及透气性保水层403的材质、结构及位置关系等分别与第一实施方式的枕头150的透气性垫层151、透气性拨水层152及透气性保水层153同样，因而此处省略详细说明。
另一方面，非保水性透水层404是以覆盖整个透气性保水层403(包含透气性保水层403的上侧的面)的方式设置。非保水性透水层404的上表面成为枕头400的上侧表面。
非保水性透水层404是由透气性及透水性(通水性、透湿性)优异，不易保持水分的多孔质的非吸水性亲水性材料所形成的层。非保水性透水层404具有适度的亲水性，并且与透气性保水层403相比而透水性更高(保水性更低)。非保水性透水层404例如可由多孔质的布等所构成，所述多孔质的布是将使不含羟基的疏水性单体与含有羟基的亲水性单体共聚合的聚酯纤维或亚克力纤维纺织成纱布状而成。
非保水性透水层404密接于横卧在床垫200上的婴幼儿的脸或头部等，具有将汗迅速导入透气性保水层403或向大气中蒸发的作用。由此，可获得抑制婴幼儿的皮肤因汗等水分而发粘的效果，从而可进一步提高舒适度。
5.第五实施方式
接下来，对本发明的第五实施方式进行说明。图10是第五实施方式的枕头550的截面图。此外，本实施方式中，将重点置于枕头用罩单500的说明，因此考虑观看容易性而对垫体510进行空心表示。
枕头550是由垫体510、及覆盖垫体510的外周部的枕头用罩单500(寝具用罩单的一实施方式)所形成。床垫550成为在利用未图示的拉链而开闭自如的袋状的枕头用罩单500中插入有垫体510的状态。
垫体510与第一实施方式的枕头150的透气性垫层151同等，是使包含热塑性树脂的长丝(线条)彼此三维熔接结合而形成的、空隙率高且透气性优异的长丝三维结合体。
床垫用罩单500含有透气性拨水层501、设于透气性拨水层501的外周部的透气性保水层502、以及设于透气性保水层502的外周部的非保水性透水层503，整体上看形成为可收容整个垫体510的袋状。
若进行更具体说明，则透气性拨水层501是以将插入至枕头用罩单500内的垫体510的整个外侧覆盖的方式设为袋状。另外，以覆盖透气性拨水层501的整个外侧的方式设有透气性保水层502，以覆盖透气性保水层502的整个外侧的方式设有非保水性透水层503。此外，透气性拨水层501、透气性保水层502及非保水性透水层503的材质或结构分别与第四实施方式的枕头400中的透气性拨水层402、透气性保水层403及非保水性透水层404同样。
枕头用罩单500中设有未图示的拉链。通过拉开此拉链而垫体510拆装自如，另一方面，通过将此拉链闭合，能够防止已插入的垫体510随意地脱出。设置此拉链的位置并无特别限定，从容易拆装垫体510且不妨碍睡眠舒心感的观点来看，例如优选为设于前后左右的任一端部附近。
根据本实施方式的枕头550，成为在垫体510的上侧，自下而上依次层叠有透气性拨水层501、透气性保水层502及非保水性透水层503的实施方式。因此，可获得与第四实施方式的枕头400同等或以此为准的效果。
进而，本实施方式中，从枕头用罩单500取出垫体510而仅清洗枕头用罩单500的操作也简单，因此更容易保持枕头550清洁。
6.第六实施方式
接下来，对本发明的第六实施方式进行说明。图11是第六实施方式的床垫650的外观立体图，图12是床垫650的垂直截面图。
床垫650是由垫体610、及覆盖垫体610的铅垂方向上部的床垫用罩单600(寝具用罩单的一实施方式)所形成。如图11所示，在床垫用罩单600的上表面的四角落的角部(图11中以空心箭头表示的部位)，分别配置有固定用橡胶带603。各角部的固定用橡胶带603成为挂在垫体610的角部上的状态(一部分绕过垫体610的下表面的状态)，利用其张力而在垫体610的上部固定床垫用罩单600。
垫体610与第一实施方式的床垫100的透气性垫层101同等，是使包含热塑性树脂的长丝(线条)彼此三维熔接结合而形成的、空隙率高且透气性优异的长丝三维结合体。
床垫用罩单600具有第一透气性拨水层601a、第一透气性保水层602a、第二透气性拨水层601b及第二透气性保水层602b，这些层在垫体610的铅垂方向上方依次层叠。此外，第一透气性拨水层601a及第二透气性拨水层601b的材质或结构与第二实施方式的床垫200中的透气性拨水层202同样。另外，第一透气性保水层602a及第二透气性保水层602b的材质或结构与第二实施方式的床垫200中的透气性保水层203同样。
本实施方式中，形成有两个朝向铅垂方向下方设置的透气性保水层与透气性拨水层的接触界面，由此即便对透气性保水层施加局部高的压力，也能够抑制以水为主成分的奶或口水等的移动。关于朝向铅垂方向下方设置的透气性保水层与透气性拨水层的接触界面的数量，也能以形成三个以上的接触界面的方式，将透气性保水层与透气性拨水层交替重叠多层。
7.概括
以上，对本发明的各实施方式进行了说明，但本发明的结构不限于所述实施方式，可在不偏离发明主旨的范围内加以各种变更。例如，本发明的实施方式的床垫、枕头及寝具用罩单中，也可在不偏离使婴幼儿吐出的奶或口水等吸收至透气性保水层中，即便在濡湿状态下也确保透气性等目的的范围内，设置多个非保水性透水层或拨水性通风层。
另外，应认为所述实施方式在所有方面为例示而非限制性。应理解本发明的技术范围是由权利要求而非所述实施方式的说明来公开，包含属于与权利要求均等的含义及范围内的所有变更。
工业可利用性
本发明可用于婴幼儿用的寝具等。

Claims (3)

1.一种寝具，其特征在于：
所述寝具在具有透气性的垫层的上侧设置抑制水分朝所述垫层渗入的透气性拨水层及透气性保水层，
所述垫层为使用长丝三维结合体所形成，
所述透气性拨水层为每100平方厘米形成有1,000个～10,000个的直径0.5mm～2mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～5mm，且由疏水性纤维所形成的多孔质的针织物或编织物，或者
每100平方厘米形成有300～3000个直径1mm～2mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～2mm，且由聚四氟乙烯所形成的多孔质片材，
所述疏水性纤维选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、亚克力纤维、实施了拨水加工的聚酯纤维及氟碳纤维，
所述透气性保水层，层叠设于具有透气性及拨水性的所述透气性拨水层的上侧，
所述透气性保水层是通过吸引处于所述透气性保水层与所述透气性拨水层的界面上的水的亲水性材料而形成的保水层，且具有即使保水时也能够呼吸的透气性，
所述透气性保水层为每100平方厘米形成有100个～3,000个直径1mm～5mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～5mm，且由亲水性材料所形成的多孔质的针织物或编织物，
所述亲水性材料是由选自棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维中的一种或两种以上的亲水性纤维所构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的寝具，其特征在于，在所述透气性保水层的上侧，包括保水性低于所述透气性保水层且具有透气性及透水性的非保水性透水层。
3.一种寝具用罩单，其特征在于：
能够对使用长丝三维结合体所形成的具有透气性的垫体拆装，且与所述垫体一起形成寝具，所述寝具用罩单具有抑制水分朝所述垫层渗入的透气性拨水层及透气性保水层，
所述透气性拨水层为每100平方厘米形成有1,000个～10,000个的直径0.5mm～2mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～5mm，且由疏水性纤维所形成的多孔质的针织物或编织物，或者
每100平方厘米形成有300～3000个直径1mm～2mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～2mm，且由聚四氟乙烯所形成的多孔质片材，
所述疏水性纤维选自聚酯纤维、尼龙纤维、亚克力纤维、实施了拨水加工的聚酯纤维及氟碳纤维，
所述透气性保水层，层叠设于具有透气性及拨水性的所述透气性拨水层的上侧，
所述透气性保水层是通过吸引处于所述透气性保水层与所述透气性拨水层的界面上的水的亲水性材料而形成的保水层，且具有即使保水时也能够呼吸的透气性，
所述透气性保水层为每100平方厘米形成有100个～3,000个直径1mm～5mm的孔，厚度为0.5mm～5mm，且由亲水性材料所形成的多孔质的针织物或编织物，
所述亲水性材料是由选自棉纤维、麻纤维及人造丝纤维中的一种或两种以上的亲水性纤维所构成。
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