CA2152135A1 - Breathable absorbent pad - Google Patents
Breathable absorbent padInfo
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- CA2152135A1 CA2152135A1 CA 2152135 CA2152135A CA2152135A1 CA 2152135 A1 CA2152135 A1 CA 2152135A1 CA 2152135 CA2152135 CA 2152135 CA 2152135 A CA2152135 A CA 2152135A CA 2152135 A1 CA2152135 A1 CA 2152135A1
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- absorbent pad
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- pad
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to a breathable absorbent pad having a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer and a moisture absorbent layer disposed on said bottom layer. The absorbent pad of the present invention may further comprise a fluid permeable top layer wherein the absorbent material is disposed between the top layer and the bottom layer. High density stitching unexpectedly improves the absorbency of a graduated density non-woven material usable as the moisture absorbent layer with or without the top layer. The present invention is also directed to a method of making a breathable absorbent pad comprising the steps of providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer, a moisture absorbent layer and securing the layers together. Stitching of the top and bottom of a binding material through the layers secures the layers together. The method may further comprise the step of providing a top layer and stitching the top layer and the moisture absorbent layer together.
Description
~ 21 521 35 Breathable Absorbent Pad by Joseph A. Ravella Cross-References none Government Rights none Background This invention relates to absorbent pads and more particularly to breathable absorbent pads which may be washed and reused numerous times.
Pads comprising an absorbent material typically are used to retain fluids away from a user so as to provide comfort. To accomplish this, absorbent pads absorb fluid away from the surface of the pad which is in contact with the source of fluid .
At a minimum, absorbent pads comprise a layer of absorbent material.
The pads may also be provided with a moisture impervious exterior layer to protect whatever object in the physical surroundings with which the pad may be in contact.
The exterior layer is typically a plastic sheet, such as polyethylene or propylene. Such pads generally provide for the protection from moisture of not only the user, but also the physical surroundings of the user. Absorbent pads may be either disposable or reusable.
Absorbent pads are easily adaptable for use on a bed, chair, wheelchair, or the like. For example, such a pad has particular use in keeping an incontinent patient, a surgical patient or anyone subject to the drainage of body fluids dry and comfortable while also protecting bedding and other furniture from damage. For this use, the pad is placed on top of the patient's bedding or wheelchair with the plastic underlayer facing against the bedding or chair. Thus, the absorbent layer serves to absorb the patient's excrements of fluid while the fluid impervious underlayer prevents these excrements or fluids from passing through and wetting or soiling the bedding material or the chair fabric upon which the pad is placed. Absorbent underpads placed on tables such as operating tables, examination tables and the like serve a similar function. Absorbent pads may also be used as sanitary pads adjacent to toilets or
Pads comprising an absorbent material typically are used to retain fluids away from a user so as to provide comfort. To accomplish this, absorbent pads absorb fluid away from the surface of the pad which is in contact with the source of fluid .
At a minimum, absorbent pads comprise a layer of absorbent material.
The pads may also be provided with a moisture impervious exterior layer to protect whatever object in the physical surroundings with which the pad may be in contact.
The exterior layer is typically a plastic sheet, such as polyethylene or propylene. Such pads generally provide for the protection from moisture of not only the user, but also the physical surroundings of the user. Absorbent pads may be either disposable or reusable.
Absorbent pads are easily adaptable for use on a bed, chair, wheelchair, or the like. For example, such a pad has particular use in keeping an incontinent patient, a surgical patient or anyone subject to the drainage of body fluids dry and comfortable while also protecting bedding and other furniture from damage. For this use, the pad is placed on top of the patient's bedding or wheelchair with the plastic underlayer facing against the bedding or chair. Thus, the absorbent layer serves to absorb the patient's excrements of fluid while the fluid impervious underlayer prevents these excrements or fluids from passing through and wetting or soiling the bedding material or the chair fabric upon which the pad is placed. Absorbent underpads placed on tables such as operating tables, examination tables and the like serve a similar function. Absorbent pads may also be used as sanitary pads adjacent to toilets or
2~52135 .
urinals and if flame-resistant, as a safety pad adjacent to stoves or the like where grease and other liquids may be spilled.
Absorbent pads may also be provided with a slip-resistant underlayer to prevent the pads from slipping out of position when a user moves about while sitting, Iying or standing on the pad. To accomplish slip-resistance, the underside of the moisture impermeable layer can be treated with a slip-resistant coating while retaining the moisture impermeable characteristics of the bottom layer and at the same time preventing slippage of the pad.
Problem to be Solved A problem associated with the use of absorbent pads is the inability of the pads to dry quickly while in use. For example, if a patient experiences a release of fluids which are absorbed, the pad remains wet until the moisture has a chance to evaporate. This is because air cannot access the wet pad until the patient is removed from the pad. Ordinarily the pad must be removed and disposed of or washed.
Continuous replacement and disposal of wet pads adds to the expense of using absorbent pads. Furthermore, while the pad is wet, the absorptive capacity of the pad is limited by the amount of retained moisture.
A malady afflicting immobile bed or wheelchair-bound individuals is bed sores. Bed sores, or decubitus ulcers, are caused by the reduction or lack of blood flow to skin and muscle tissue. The deprived cells quickly die and sores form which are highly susceptible to infection and which often become open wounds which canspread throughout the body's soft tissue. Conditions which contribute to the formation of bed sores include pressure, circulatory disease, the exposure of tissue to extreme temperatures and shearing which can stretch and close blood vessels.
Absorbent pads used as bedding or chair fabric can be a contributing factor to the formation and aggravation of bed sores and the like. Pads with a plastic underlayer do not permit air to circulate in the area of the user's skin in contact with the pad resulting in the localized buildup of heat. If the top layer of the pad is not a soft, non-abrasive fabric the user's skin may be further subjected to shearing forces.
For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for an absorbent pad which can dry quickly without removing the user therefrom. The absorbent pad should also be capable of reducing heat buildup and shearing forces in the area of the user's skin in contact with the pad thereby reducing or eliminating conditions which lead to oraggravate bed sores.
Summary The present invention is directed to an absorbent pad that satisfies these needs. Generally speaking, an absorbent pad having the features of the present invention fulfills these needs by providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer and a moisture absorbent layer disposed on said bottom layer.
The absorbent pad of the present invention may further comprise a fluid permeable top layer wherein the moisture absorbent layer is disposed between the top layer and the bottom layer. The top layer may be secured to the moisture absorbent second layer by any suitable means, such as by stitching. I have also discovered that high density stitching unexpectedly improves the absorptive capabilities of a graduated density non-woven material usable as the moisture absorbent layer with or without the top layer.
The present invention is also directed to a method of making a breathable absorbent pad comprising the steps of providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer, a moisture absorbent layer and securing the layers together by any suitable means such as, for example, by surrounding the outer perimeter edges of the layers with a binding material and stitching the top and bottom of the binding through the layers. The method may further comprise the step of providing a top layer and stitching the top layer and the moisture absorbent layer together thereby defining a quilted pattern.
An advantage of the absorbent pad of the present invention is the improved drying capabilities of the pad provided by the passive air flow through the fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer. As a result of this advantage, the pad has to be changed and washed less often than previous pads and is therefore less expensive to use. The breathable nature of the absorbent pad also reduces heat buildup next to the user's skin thereby aiding in the prevention and aggravation of bed sores .
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new, breathable absorbent pad having one or more of the novel features of this invention as set forth above or hereinafter shown or described.
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Another object of this invention is to provide a new method for making a breathable absorbent pad with the method of this invention having one or more of the novel features of this invention as set forth above or hereinafter shown or described .
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an absorbent pad which provides passive air flow through the fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer thereby preventing heat buildup in the area of the user's skin in contact with the pad and contributing to the drying of the moisture absorbent layer.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an absorbent pad to readily absorb relatively large volumes of liquid in such a manner that the liquid absorbed does not thereafter irritate the user.
It is still another object of this invention to provide an absorbent pad for use as an underpad or the like.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an absorbent pad which prevents seepage of fluids through the pad and to the physical surroundings.
Yet another object of this invention to provide underpads which serve to prevent a medical patient's excrements or fluids from passing therethrough and hence serves to protect the underlying articles from being soiled.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an absorbent pad which can be made of size for a bed or use in chairs, wheelchairs and the like.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an absorptive pad for use in connection with hospital burn beds as well as with tables, cribs and for use as baby bibs and diapers, for use as doilies, aprons and protective garments and sheet and yard goods and for use as sanitary slippers, bathmats, automobile radiator covers, sanitary protective aprons and the like.
A feature of the present invention is the gas permeability of the bottom layer which allows air to access the moisture absorbent layer from below therebyaiding in moisture evaporation and acting as a means for reducing heat buildup next to the user's skin.
Another feature of the present invention is that the breathable absorbent pad is comprised of fabric which allows it to be washed using regular institutional .
Iaundry procedures and is of lightweight material which dries rapidly and is reusable through countless washings.
A still further feature of the present invention is a non-abrasive top layer that does not create shear stress on a user's skin.
Brief Description of the Drawings These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawings where:
FIG. 1 shows a top plan view of a breathable absorbent pad embodying features of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a top plan view of a breathable absorbent pad embodying further features of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a breathable absorbent pad of another embodiment having the features of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a fragmentary perspective view of a breathable absorbent pad embodying features of the present invention.
Description The breathable absorbent pad of the present invention, denoted in the drawings as the numeral 10, is shown generally in FIG. 1. The term "breathable" as used herein means that the gas permeable bottom layer 12 allows passive airflow through the pad 10 permitting air to freely associate with the layers of the pad 10.
The pad 10 comprises a bottom layer 12 of fluid impermeable and gas permeable material. A layer 14 of moisture absorbent material is positioned to coincide with the bottom layer 12. The layers may be secured together by suitable means, such as by binding tape 24 which overlaps the edges of the pad 10 and is bound thereto by means of stitching 26.
Where a graduated density non-woven material is used as the moisture absorbent layer 14, stitch means 22 comprising from about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch and defining a patterned outline, which is illustrated in FIG. 2 as an "onion" pattern when viewed normal to the top of the pad 10, may be provided to enhance the absorptive capabilities of the graduated density non-woven material.Optionally, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a top layer 16 of soft, non-abrasive material may be positioned over the moisture absorbent layer 14 and next tothe clothing or skin of a user. The moisture absorbent layer 14 and top layer 16 may be held together by stitch means 22 through the two layers pulling the layers together in a plurality of locations and defining a quilted construction. As described above, a stitch means 22 of from about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch serves to enhance the absorptive capabilities of the pad 10 where the moisture absorbent layer 14 is a graduated density non-woven material.
The bottom layer 12 comprises 100% fluid impermeable, waterproof material which is also gas permeable. Any suitable material exhibiting these properties may be used. Preferably the material is lightweight to facilitate the handling of the absorbent pad 10. An example of a material usable as the bottom layer 12 is Goretex~ which is manufactured by and available from W.L. Gore Company of Elkton, Maryland, U.S.A. The bottom layer 12 provides complete protection against fluid seepage through the absorbent pad 10 and no other protection by any other layer is required. The bottom layer 12 is impervious to urine, spilled liquids, blood and sweat and thus protecting, for example, a mattress or any other object it is laying against from exposure to such liquids. The bottom layer 12 also allows passive airflow through the pad 10 which facilitates drying of the moisture absorbent layer 14 and the reduction of heat build-up near the user's skin.
The bottom surface 18 of the bottom layer 12 which is in contact with an underlying article may optionally be treated or of a material which has a high coefficient of friction relative to the underlying surface. Such material may comprise a coating which can be applied to the bottom layer 12. Any suitable slip-resistant coating can be used as is well known in the art so long as the coating does not negate the fluid impermeable and gas permeable properties of the bottom layer material.Preferably, the slip-resistant coating is polyvinyl chloride which is available from Bradford Industries of Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A. This ensures that the absorbent pad of the present invention 10 remains in place when in contact with mattresses, wheelchair seats and the like. The pad 10 is thus prevented from slipping or sliding out of position when the user moves about on the pad 10 which also ensures protection of the underlying article from, for example, the incontinent user's excrements or fluids.
The moisture absorbent layer 14 may be made of fabric, plastic or other conventional, absorbent material well known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the moisture absorbent layer 14 is chosen for maximum absorbency and more preferablyis a non-woven polyester material which is lightweight, does not bunch up, remains soft, dries quickly and is of the appropriate thickness for efficiency in changing and washing the absorbent pad 10. Non-woven material may be manufactured by any method known in the art, such as by bonding a fiber batt or "web" using additivebinders or mechanical bonding using a needle loom, as will be described below.
Alternatively, the moisture absorbent layer 14 may be formed of a hydrophilic material such as crepe or cellulose material having good water absorption properties.
The moisture absorbent layer 14 preferably comprises a non-woven absorbent material having graduated density. Absorbent materials of this type are particularly suitable for use as a medical or hygienic absorbent for the absorption of body fluids such as for surgical dressings, sanitary products and incontinence products. The preferred graduated density non-woven material for use in the present invention is manufactured by USM Corporation of Russell, Massachusetts, U.S.A and is available from Technomarketing, Inc. of Rougemont, North Carolina, U.S.A.
The preferred non-woven absorbent material having graduated density is manufactured by needling a web that, before needling but after tacking, is of substantially constant density across its thickness. As is known in the art, needling is a form of mechanical bonding wherein a multiplicity of rapidly reciprocating barbed needles are driven a controlled distance through a base web thereby reinforcing the web. The needle barbs, on their downward passage, engage bundles of fibers of the web pushing them downward through the web thereby forming numerous small loci of fiber entanglement. As the needles start upward the fiber bundles slide clear of the needle barbs without untangling the transverse interlocked fiber bonds.
Needling a web to produce a graduated density non-woven material is carried out so that the needles penetrate to the extent that only the surface regions of the web are needled. The web may comprise a major proportion, up to about 100%, of hydrophilic fibers, which may be blended with a minor proportion, preferably up to about 30%, of hydrophobic fibers. The hydrophilic fibers used in the web are preferably rayon, acrylic or cotton fibers, or a mixture thereof and more preferably rayon fibers. The hydrophobic fibers used in the web are preferably polyester orpolyolefin fibers and more preferably polyester fibers. The hydrophobic fibers, when incorporated, provide a "scaffolding" which resists compression and helps to maintain the low density structure of the center of the material both during needling and in subsequent use, especially when the material becomes wet. The web may alternatively comprise 100% hydrophobic fibers. In this case, the absorbency of the web is due to the structure of the material, rather than any inherent absorbency of the fibers.
Barbed needles having a section without barbs close to the point of the needle and then a section which is provided with barbs are preferably used to needle the web. Suitable needles include those marketed by Foster Needle of Lester, England, under the reference number 15 x 8 x 40 x 3.5CB F.20 9-1 8-3B and those marketed by Groz Beckaert of Stuttgart, Germany, under the reference numbers 15 x 18 x 43 x 3.5 C333 G1002, G92919.
During the needling process, after tacking, the depth of penetration of the needles is controlled so that the first barb on the needle penetrates the web to a depth such that substantially only those fibers which are in the surface region thus penetrated are re-oriented and those in the center region remain substantially in their original orientation. Needling may be carried out to a similar penetration at each surface of the web, so that a symmetrical absorbent material which can be used with either surface contacting the source fluid is obtained. Alternatively, needling may be carried out to a different penetration at the two surfaces of the web, to provide a material having surface regions of different densities. Such an arrangement of different surface densities has the effect of improving the fluid uptake. When, for example, a material having surface regions of different densities is used in theabsorbent pad of the present invention, the less dense surface is disposed adjacent the source of the moisture and the more dense surface remote therefrom.
As a general rule, the weight of the graduated density absorbent material and/or the needle penetration affects absorbency. As the weight of the final product is reduced, the absorptive capacity is reduced and handling the fabric becomes more difficult, but can be advantageous in certain applications. As the weight of thematerial is increased the absorption may increase more than linearly therewith, apparently because as the weight increases there is a proportionately greater quantity of fibers in the absorbent central region of the web. In practice, the weight of said layer(s) is determined empirically.
The optional top layer 16 of the absorbent pad 10 is made of a soft, non-reflective, non-abrasive material through which liquid readily passes. The top layer 16 is preferably in the form of a fabric layer and more preferably is a knitted polyester fabric. The knitted polyester fabric may be obtained from any suitable source such as Guilford Industries of Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.A. However, it is to be understood that the top layer 16 may be made of other materials and other knitted, woven or non-woven constructions as desired and as are known in the art. Preferably the material is permeable to but does not absorb moisture and does not shift, flatten, or lump after washing. The top layer 16 of the absorbent pad 10 positions itself next to the patient's skin to prevent chafing, aid in the prevention and aggravation of bed sores and can be used as padding. The top layer 16 fabric also absorbs and conducts radiated body heat to the moisture absorbent layer 14 which acts to vent such heat through the bottom layer 12 thereby reducing heat to the skin tissue of the user.
In addition, the top layer 16 may have a hydrophilic finish and/or an antimicrobial finish. The hydrophilic finish assures rapid dissipation and absorption of liquid or moisture coming into contact with the skin or clothing of the user Iying or sitting on the pad 10 to allow rapid drying of the skin. The hydrophilic finish insures that the moisture is wicked into the moisture absorbent layer 14 thereby leaving the entire top surface of the pad 10 substantially dry. The wicking action leaves the pad 10 feeling dry to the user, thereby eliminating the discomfort of a wet surface.The antimicrobial finish assures that any bacteria coming into contact with the finish will be killed upon continued contact with the finish. Any suitable hydrophilic or antimicrobial finish known in the art may be used. An exemplary hydrophilic finish which has been used is Milatese which is available from Guilford Industries of Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.A.
As noted above, the moisture absorbent layer 14 and top layer 16 may be held together by stitch means through the two layers. The thread used for thestitch means 22 may be any suitable thread and preferably is polyester. The stitch means 22 pull the top layer 16 and moisture absorbent layer 14 together in a plurality .
of locations, shown typically in FIG. 4, defining a quilted construction and patterned outline which is illustrated, in this example, as an "onion" outline when viewed normal to the top layer 16. The stitches do not extend through and hence do not puncture the bottom layer 12 whereby the liquid impervious integrity of the pad 10 is assured and leakage prevented. The technique used to make the quilted construction may be any suitable technique known in the art.
I have further discovered that the absorptive capabilities of the preferred graduated density non-woven material are unexpectedly enhanced by using a stitchmeans 22 of from about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch. The stitching 22 is accomplished by use of a multi-needle lock stitch quilting machine. A suitable top thread is a P23 - 100% filament polyester 70 Denier 3 ply and the bobbin is a 260/7 Spun polyester 60/2. This quilting process is done by using about a 12 to about 18 stitch per linear inch cycle. Stitching to improve the absorptive capabilities of the moisture absorbent layer may be provided with or without the top layer.
The layers may be secured together by any suitable means known in the art including binding tape, whip-stitching, adhesives, lamination and the like. The preferred securing means is binding tape 24 which overlaps the layers of the pad 10 and is bound to the edges of the pad 10 by means of stitching 26. Stitching 26 surrounds the outer perimeter of the absorbent pad 10 and is stitched to the top and bottom of the binding 24 and through the respective layers. The binding tape 24 surrounds and protects the peripheral edges of the layers and defines the peripheral outline thereof. After defining a quilted construction pattern of the desired size and shape as described above, the binding tape 24 is sewn in position to complete the pad 10. The binding tape 24 may be any suitable tape known in the art and may be made of any suitable material. Preferably the binding tape is made of polyester. While any suitable thread may be used, preferably a TEX 40 50/2 spun polyester top thread with an inbath finish on a single needle lock stitch machine is used. The bobbin thread may be the same as the top thread. The binding 24 gives the edge a firm, lasting character. Furthermore, it is understood that in this embodiment the pad 10 is free of securing means between the top layers 14 and 16 and the bottom layer 12 inwardly of the peripheral stitching 26. This construction is satisfactory in the preferred embodiment using a graduated density non-woven material even through a 2~52135 large number of washings of the pad 10.
Where binding tape 24 is used to attach the layers, the layers have the same outer perimeter dimensions to align with each of the other layers. Alternatively, the bottom layer 12 may be slightly larger than the other layers and folded around the edges thereof and stitched. In this embodiment, the binding 24 is the waterproofmaterial used as the bottom layer 12.
Depending on its use, the absorbent pad of the present invention 10 can be manufactured of any size, such as for the complete protection of a standard hospital bed or for use in a chair or wheelchair. The layers can be dye cut to desired dimensions and the edges can be sealed by binding tape 24 and stitching 26. Where the pad 10 comprises more than two layers it is preferably quilted to prevent the moisture absorbent layer 14 from bunching up or shifting.
Underpads constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention may be dispensed individually wrapped and in sterile condition in paper envelopes or in unsterile rolls of the material so that attendants may cut from the rolls pads of desired size.
Should the top layer 16 become wet with fluid, the fluid is wicked into and absorbed by the moisture absorbent layer 14. The breathable bottom layer 12 allows air to freely associate with the moisture absorbent layer 14 and top layer 16 and provide a drying action. Furthermore, user movement on the pad 10 selectively compresses and releases pressure on different parts of the pad 10 which selectively expands and contracts thus forming a bellows effect by which air may be pumped in and out of the pad 10 through the bottom layer 12 thereby replenishing the fresh air and removing excess heat and moisture through the material of the bottom layer 12.
Thus, air is circulated to the underlying portions of the pad 10 for removing heat from beneath the user. In this manner, a hot, moist condition is reduced which may lead to the loss of skin integrity. Lack of ventilation for heat dissipation and the dangers of shearing forces to the user's skin are avoided. The result is that the pad 10 dries rapidly even with the patient laying thereon and there is a minimum amount of time that the pad 10 remains wet thereby keeping the patient's skin wet. This minimizes the discomfort to the user and lessens the tendency for the user to develop bed sores and the like.
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The absorbent pad 10 may be used as a bed sheet or mattress protector which is used mostly for sanitary purposes. Liquids will not penetrate through the bottom layer 12 which is laying against the mattress or bed. Use of the pad 10 thereby eliminates the separate sheeting used in conjunction with the usual pad. The pad 10 is suggested for use as a reusable, washable pad for nursing homes, hospitals, state and federal institutions. It can also be used as a mattress pad for a burn bed, a bumper pad, a baby's crib pad, as a diaper or an apron or vest with the same idea incorporated, that the clothing will be protected from liquid.
In cleaning, the absorbent pad of the present invention 10 can be quickly washed and dried using regular institutional laundry procedures and because it is manufactured of lightweight materials, it dries rapidly. The pad 10 is reusable through countless washings.
Thus it is seen that the breathable absorbent pad 10 described above provides maximum absorbency and thereby comfort to persons coming into contact therewith and results in a dry moisture absorbent layer 14 a very short time after such layer 14 becomes wet. In addition, the present invention 10 provides a new method of making a breathable absorbent pad. Of course, such a pad is particularly adapted for use with a user having urinary incontinence, or anyone subject to drainage of body fluids.
Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof, other versions are possible. For example, the features of this invention can be utilized singly or in various combinations thereof to provide a liquid-absorbing, breathable pad assembly usable with otherliquids and in other applications as desired, including a urinal pad, stove pad and the like. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained herein.
urinals and if flame-resistant, as a safety pad adjacent to stoves or the like where grease and other liquids may be spilled.
Absorbent pads may also be provided with a slip-resistant underlayer to prevent the pads from slipping out of position when a user moves about while sitting, Iying or standing on the pad. To accomplish slip-resistance, the underside of the moisture impermeable layer can be treated with a slip-resistant coating while retaining the moisture impermeable characteristics of the bottom layer and at the same time preventing slippage of the pad.
Problem to be Solved A problem associated with the use of absorbent pads is the inability of the pads to dry quickly while in use. For example, if a patient experiences a release of fluids which are absorbed, the pad remains wet until the moisture has a chance to evaporate. This is because air cannot access the wet pad until the patient is removed from the pad. Ordinarily the pad must be removed and disposed of or washed.
Continuous replacement and disposal of wet pads adds to the expense of using absorbent pads. Furthermore, while the pad is wet, the absorptive capacity of the pad is limited by the amount of retained moisture.
A malady afflicting immobile bed or wheelchair-bound individuals is bed sores. Bed sores, or decubitus ulcers, are caused by the reduction or lack of blood flow to skin and muscle tissue. The deprived cells quickly die and sores form which are highly susceptible to infection and which often become open wounds which canspread throughout the body's soft tissue. Conditions which contribute to the formation of bed sores include pressure, circulatory disease, the exposure of tissue to extreme temperatures and shearing which can stretch and close blood vessels.
Absorbent pads used as bedding or chair fabric can be a contributing factor to the formation and aggravation of bed sores and the like. Pads with a plastic underlayer do not permit air to circulate in the area of the user's skin in contact with the pad resulting in the localized buildup of heat. If the top layer of the pad is not a soft, non-abrasive fabric the user's skin may be further subjected to shearing forces.
For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for an absorbent pad which can dry quickly without removing the user therefrom. The absorbent pad should also be capable of reducing heat buildup and shearing forces in the area of the user's skin in contact with the pad thereby reducing or eliminating conditions which lead to oraggravate bed sores.
Summary The present invention is directed to an absorbent pad that satisfies these needs. Generally speaking, an absorbent pad having the features of the present invention fulfills these needs by providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer and a moisture absorbent layer disposed on said bottom layer.
The absorbent pad of the present invention may further comprise a fluid permeable top layer wherein the moisture absorbent layer is disposed between the top layer and the bottom layer. The top layer may be secured to the moisture absorbent second layer by any suitable means, such as by stitching. I have also discovered that high density stitching unexpectedly improves the absorptive capabilities of a graduated density non-woven material usable as the moisture absorbent layer with or without the top layer.
The present invention is also directed to a method of making a breathable absorbent pad comprising the steps of providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer, a moisture absorbent layer and securing the layers together by any suitable means such as, for example, by surrounding the outer perimeter edges of the layers with a binding material and stitching the top and bottom of the binding through the layers. The method may further comprise the step of providing a top layer and stitching the top layer and the moisture absorbent layer together thereby defining a quilted pattern.
An advantage of the absorbent pad of the present invention is the improved drying capabilities of the pad provided by the passive air flow through the fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer. As a result of this advantage, the pad has to be changed and washed less often than previous pads and is therefore less expensive to use. The breathable nature of the absorbent pad also reduces heat buildup next to the user's skin thereby aiding in the prevention and aggravation of bed sores .
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a new, breathable absorbent pad having one or more of the novel features of this invention as set forth above or hereinafter shown or described.
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Another object of this invention is to provide a new method for making a breathable absorbent pad with the method of this invention having one or more of the novel features of this invention as set forth above or hereinafter shown or described .
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an absorbent pad which provides passive air flow through the fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer thereby preventing heat buildup in the area of the user's skin in contact with the pad and contributing to the drying of the moisture absorbent layer.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an absorbent pad to readily absorb relatively large volumes of liquid in such a manner that the liquid absorbed does not thereafter irritate the user.
It is still another object of this invention to provide an absorbent pad for use as an underpad or the like.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide an absorbent pad which prevents seepage of fluids through the pad and to the physical surroundings.
Yet another object of this invention to provide underpads which serve to prevent a medical patient's excrements or fluids from passing therethrough and hence serves to protect the underlying articles from being soiled.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an absorbent pad which can be made of size for a bed or use in chairs, wheelchairs and the like.
It is a further object of this invention to provide an absorptive pad for use in connection with hospital burn beds as well as with tables, cribs and for use as baby bibs and diapers, for use as doilies, aprons and protective garments and sheet and yard goods and for use as sanitary slippers, bathmats, automobile radiator covers, sanitary protective aprons and the like.
A feature of the present invention is the gas permeability of the bottom layer which allows air to access the moisture absorbent layer from below therebyaiding in moisture evaporation and acting as a means for reducing heat buildup next to the user's skin.
Another feature of the present invention is that the breathable absorbent pad is comprised of fabric which allows it to be washed using regular institutional .
Iaundry procedures and is of lightweight material which dries rapidly and is reusable through countless washings.
A still further feature of the present invention is a non-abrasive top layer that does not create shear stress on a user's skin.
Brief Description of the Drawings These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with regard to the following description, appended claims and accompanying drawings where:
FIG. 1 shows a top plan view of a breathable absorbent pad embodying features of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a top plan view of a breathable absorbent pad embodying further features of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a breathable absorbent pad of another embodiment having the features of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a fragmentary perspective view of a breathable absorbent pad embodying features of the present invention.
Description The breathable absorbent pad of the present invention, denoted in the drawings as the numeral 10, is shown generally in FIG. 1. The term "breathable" as used herein means that the gas permeable bottom layer 12 allows passive airflow through the pad 10 permitting air to freely associate with the layers of the pad 10.
The pad 10 comprises a bottom layer 12 of fluid impermeable and gas permeable material. A layer 14 of moisture absorbent material is positioned to coincide with the bottom layer 12. The layers may be secured together by suitable means, such as by binding tape 24 which overlaps the edges of the pad 10 and is bound thereto by means of stitching 26.
Where a graduated density non-woven material is used as the moisture absorbent layer 14, stitch means 22 comprising from about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch and defining a patterned outline, which is illustrated in FIG. 2 as an "onion" pattern when viewed normal to the top of the pad 10, may be provided to enhance the absorptive capabilities of the graduated density non-woven material.Optionally, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a top layer 16 of soft, non-abrasive material may be positioned over the moisture absorbent layer 14 and next tothe clothing or skin of a user. The moisture absorbent layer 14 and top layer 16 may be held together by stitch means 22 through the two layers pulling the layers together in a plurality of locations and defining a quilted construction. As described above, a stitch means 22 of from about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch serves to enhance the absorptive capabilities of the pad 10 where the moisture absorbent layer 14 is a graduated density non-woven material.
The bottom layer 12 comprises 100% fluid impermeable, waterproof material which is also gas permeable. Any suitable material exhibiting these properties may be used. Preferably the material is lightweight to facilitate the handling of the absorbent pad 10. An example of a material usable as the bottom layer 12 is Goretex~ which is manufactured by and available from W.L. Gore Company of Elkton, Maryland, U.S.A. The bottom layer 12 provides complete protection against fluid seepage through the absorbent pad 10 and no other protection by any other layer is required. The bottom layer 12 is impervious to urine, spilled liquids, blood and sweat and thus protecting, for example, a mattress or any other object it is laying against from exposure to such liquids. The bottom layer 12 also allows passive airflow through the pad 10 which facilitates drying of the moisture absorbent layer 14 and the reduction of heat build-up near the user's skin.
The bottom surface 18 of the bottom layer 12 which is in contact with an underlying article may optionally be treated or of a material which has a high coefficient of friction relative to the underlying surface. Such material may comprise a coating which can be applied to the bottom layer 12. Any suitable slip-resistant coating can be used as is well known in the art so long as the coating does not negate the fluid impermeable and gas permeable properties of the bottom layer material.Preferably, the slip-resistant coating is polyvinyl chloride which is available from Bradford Industries of Lowell, Massachusetts, U.S.A. This ensures that the absorbent pad of the present invention 10 remains in place when in contact with mattresses, wheelchair seats and the like. The pad 10 is thus prevented from slipping or sliding out of position when the user moves about on the pad 10 which also ensures protection of the underlying article from, for example, the incontinent user's excrements or fluids.
The moisture absorbent layer 14 may be made of fabric, plastic or other conventional, absorbent material well known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the moisture absorbent layer 14 is chosen for maximum absorbency and more preferablyis a non-woven polyester material which is lightweight, does not bunch up, remains soft, dries quickly and is of the appropriate thickness for efficiency in changing and washing the absorbent pad 10. Non-woven material may be manufactured by any method known in the art, such as by bonding a fiber batt or "web" using additivebinders or mechanical bonding using a needle loom, as will be described below.
Alternatively, the moisture absorbent layer 14 may be formed of a hydrophilic material such as crepe or cellulose material having good water absorption properties.
The moisture absorbent layer 14 preferably comprises a non-woven absorbent material having graduated density. Absorbent materials of this type are particularly suitable for use as a medical or hygienic absorbent for the absorption of body fluids such as for surgical dressings, sanitary products and incontinence products. The preferred graduated density non-woven material for use in the present invention is manufactured by USM Corporation of Russell, Massachusetts, U.S.A and is available from Technomarketing, Inc. of Rougemont, North Carolina, U.S.A.
The preferred non-woven absorbent material having graduated density is manufactured by needling a web that, before needling but after tacking, is of substantially constant density across its thickness. As is known in the art, needling is a form of mechanical bonding wherein a multiplicity of rapidly reciprocating barbed needles are driven a controlled distance through a base web thereby reinforcing the web. The needle barbs, on their downward passage, engage bundles of fibers of the web pushing them downward through the web thereby forming numerous small loci of fiber entanglement. As the needles start upward the fiber bundles slide clear of the needle barbs without untangling the transverse interlocked fiber bonds.
Needling a web to produce a graduated density non-woven material is carried out so that the needles penetrate to the extent that only the surface regions of the web are needled. The web may comprise a major proportion, up to about 100%, of hydrophilic fibers, which may be blended with a minor proportion, preferably up to about 30%, of hydrophobic fibers. The hydrophilic fibers used in the web are preferably rayon, acrylic or cotton fibers, or a mixture thereof and more preferably rayon fibers. The hydrophobic fibers used in the web are preferably polyester orpolyolefin fibers and more preferably polyester fibers. The hydrophobic fibers, when incorporated, provide a "scaffolding" which resists compression and helps to maintain the low density structure of the center of the material both during needling and in subsequent use, especially when the material becomes wet. The web may alternatively comprise 100% hydrophobic fibers. In this case, the absorbency of the web is due to the structure of the material, rather than any inherent absorbency of the fibers.
Barbed needles having a section without barbs close to the point of the needle and then a section which is provided with barbs are preferably used to needle the web. Suitable needles include those marketed by Foster Needle of Lester, England, under the reference number 15 x 8 x 40 x 3.5CB F.20 9-1 8-3B and those marketed by Groz Beckaert of Stuttgart, Germany, under the reference numbers 15 x 18 x 43 x 3.5 C333 G1002, G92919.
During the needling process, after tacking, the depth of penetration of the needles is controlled so that the first barb on the needle penetrates the web to a depth such that substantially only those fibers which are in the surface region thus penetrated are re-oriented and those in the center region remain substantially in their original orientation. Needling may be carried out to a similar penetration at each surface of the web, so that a symmetrical absorbent material which can be used with either surface contacting the source fluid is obtained. Alternatively, needling may be carried out to a different penetration at the two surfaces of the web, to provide a material having surface regions of different densities. Such an arrangement of different surface densities has the effect of improving the fluid uptake. When, for example, a material having surface regions of different densities is used in theabsorbent pad of the present invention, the less dense surface is disposed adjacent the source of the moisture and the more dense surface remote therefrom.
As a general rule, the weight of the graduated density absorbent material and/or the needle penetration affects absorbency. As the weight of the final product is reduced, the absorptive capacity is reduced and handling the fabric becomes more difficult, but can be advantageous in certain applications. As the weight of thematerial is increased the absorption may increase more than linearly therewith, apparently because as the weight increases there is a proportionately greater quantity of fibers in the absorbent central region of the web. In practice, the weight of said layer(s) is determined empirically.
The optional top layer 16 of the absorbent pad 10 is made of a soft, non-reflective, non-abrasive material through which liquid readily passes. The top layer 16 is preferably in the form of a fabric layer and more preferably is a knitted polyester fabric. The knitted polyester fabric may be obtained from any suitable source such as Guilford Industries of Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.A. However, it is to be understood that the top layer 16 may be made of other materials and other knitted, woven or non-woven constructions as desired and as are known in the art. Preferably the material is permeable to but does not absorb moisture and does not shift, flatten, or lump after washing. The top layer 16 of the absorbent pad 10 positions itself next to the patient's skin to prevent chafing, aid in the prevention and aggravation of bed sores and can be used as padding. The top layer 16 fabric also absorbs and conducts radiated body heat to the moisture absorbent layer 14 which acts to vent such heat through the bottom layer 12 thereby reducing heat to the skin tissue of the user.
In addition, the top layer 16 may have a hydrophilic finish and/or an antimicrobial finish. The hydrophilic finish assures rapid dissipation and absorption of liquid or moisture coming into contact with the skin or clothing of the user Iying or sitting on the pad 10 to allow rapid drying of the skin. The hydrophilic finish insures that the moisture is wicked into the moisture absorbent layer 14 thereby leaving the entire top surface of the pad 10 substantially dry. The wicking action leaves the pad 10 feeling dry to the user, thereby eliminating the discomfort of a wet surface.The antimicrobial finish assures that any bacteria coming into contact with the finish will be killed upon continued contact with the finish. Any suitable hydrophilic or antimicrobial finish known in the art may be used. An exemplary hydrophilic finish which has been used is Milatese which is available from Guilford Industries of Greensboro, North Carolina, U.S.A.
As noted above, the moisture absorbent layer 14 and top layer 16 may be held together by stitch means through the two layers. The thread used for thestitch means 22 may be any suitable thread and preferably is polyester. The stitch means 22 pull the top layer 16 and moisture absorbent layer 14 together in a plurality .
of locations, shown typically in FIG. 4, defining a quilted construction and patterned outline which is illustrated, in this example, as an "onion" outline when viewed normal to the top layer 16. The stitches do not extend through and hence do not puncture the bottom layer 12 whereby the liquid impervious integrity of the pad 10 is assured and leakage prevented. The technique used to make the quilted construction may be any suitable technique known in the art.
I have further discovered that the absorptive capabilities of the preferred graduated density non-woven material are unexpectedly enhanced by using a stitchmeans 22 of from about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch. The stitching 22 is accomplished by use of a multi-needle lock stitch quilting machine. A suitable top thread is a P23 - 100% filament polyester 70 Denier 3 ply and the bobbin is a 260/7 Spun polyester 60/2. This quilting process is done by using about a 12 to about 18 stitch per linear inch cycle. Stitching to improve the absorptive capabilities of the moisture absorbent layer may be provided with or without the top layer.
The layers may be secured together by any suitable means known in the art including binding tape, whip-stitching, adhesives, lamination and the like. The preferred securing means is binding tape 24 which overlaps the layers of the pad 10 and is bound to the edges of the pad 10 by means of stitching 26. Stitching 26 surrounds the outer perimeter of the absorbent pad 10 and is stitched to the top and bottom of the binding 24 and through the respective layers. The binding tape 24 surrounds and protects the peripheral edges of the layers and defines the peripheral outline thereof. After defining a quilted construction pattern of the desired size and shape as described above, the binding tape 24 is sewn in position to complete the pad 10. The binding tape 24 may be any suitable tape known in the art and may be made of any suitable material. Preferably the binding tape is made of polyester. While any suitable thread may be used, preferably a TEX 40 50/2 spun polyester top thread with an inbath finish on a single needle lock stitch machine is used. The bobbin thread may be the same as the top thread. The binding 24 gives the edge a firm, lasting character. Furthermore, it is understood that in this embodiment the pad 10 is free of securing means between the top layers 14 and 16 and the bottom layer 12 inwardly of the peripheral stitching 26. This construction is satisfactory in the preferred embodiment using a graduated density non-woven material even through a 2~52135 large number of washings of the pad 10.
Where binding tape 24 is used to attach the layers, the layers have the same outer perimeter dimensions to align with each of the other layers. Alternatively, the bottom layer 12 may be slightly larger than the other layers and folded around the edges thereof and stitched. In this embodiment, the binding 24 is the waterproofmaterial used as the bottom layer 12.
Depending on its use, the absorbent pad of the present invention 10 can be manufactured of any size, such as for the complete protection of a standard hospital bed or for use in a chair or wheelchair. The layers can be dye cut to desired dimensions and the edges can be sealed by binding tape 24 and stitching 26. Where the pad 10 comprises more than two layers it is preferably quilted to prevent the moisture absorbent layer 14 from bunching up or shifting.
Underpads constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention may be dispensed individually wrapped and in sterile condition in paper envelopes or in unsterile rolls of the material so that attendants may cut from the rolls pads of desired size.
Should the top layer 16 become wet with fluid, the fluid is wicked into and absorbed by the moisture absorbent layer 14. The breathable bottom layer 12 allows air to freely associate with the moisture absorbent layer 14 and top layer 16 and provide a drying action. Furthermore, user movement on the pad 10 selectively compresses and releases pressure on different parts of the pad 10 which selectively expands and contracts thus forming a bellows effect by which air may be pumped in and out of the pad 10 through the bottom layer 12 thereby replenishing the fresh air and removing excess heat and moisture through the material of the bottom layer 12.
Thus, air is circulated to the underlying portions of the pad 10 for removing heat from beneath the user. In this manner, a hot, moist condition is reduced which may lead to the loss of skin integrity. Lack of ventilation for heat dissipation and the dangers of shearing forces to the user's skin are avoided. The result is that the pad 10 dries rapidly even with the patient laying thereon and there is a minimum amount of time that the pad 10 remains wet thereby keeping the patient's skin wet. This minimizes the discomfort to the user and lessens the tendency for the user to develop bed sores and the like.
.
The absorbent pad 10 may be used as a bed sheet or mattress protector which is used mostly for sanitary purposes. Liquids will not penetrate through the bottom layer 12 which is laying against the mattress or bed. Use of the pad 10 thereby eliminates the separate sheeting used in conjunction with the usual pad. The pad 10 is suggested for use as a reusable, washable pad for nursing homes, hospitals, state and federal institutions. It can also be used as a mattress pad for a burn bed, a bumper pad, a baby's crib pad, as a diaper or an apron or vest with the same idea incorporated, that the clothing will be protected from liquid.
In cleaning, the absorbent pad of the present invention 10 can be quickly washed and dried using regular institutional laundry procedures and because it is manufactured of lightweight materials, it dries rapidly. The pad 10 is reusable through countless washings.
Thus it is seen that the breathable absorbent pad 10 described above provides maximum absorbency and thereby comfort to persons coming into contact therewith and results in a dry moisture absorbent layer 14 a very short time after such layer 14 becomes wet. In addition, the present invention 10 provides a new method of making a breathable absorbent pad. Of course, such a pad is particularly adapted for use with a user having urinary incontinence, or anyone subject to drainage of body fluids.
Although the present invention has been described in considerable detail with reference to certain preferred versions thereof, other versions are possible. For example, the features of this invention can be utilized singly or in various combinations thereof to provide a liquid-absorbing, breathable pad assembly usable with otherliquids and in other applications as desired, including a urinal pad, stove pad and the like. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the preferred versions contained herein.
Claims (37)
1. An absorbent pad, comprising, a fluid impermeable and gas permeable first layer and a moisture absorbent second layer disposed on said first layer.
2. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for securing the first layer to the second layer.
3. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 2, wherein the securing means comprises a binding material surrounding the peripheral edges of the first and second layers and stitching between the top and bottom of the binding and through the two layers.
4. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 1, wherein the second layer comprises a non-woven material.
5. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 4, wherein the non-woven material is an absorbent material having graduated density.
6. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 5, further comprising stitching through the second layer.
7. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 6, wherein the stitch density of the stitching is between about 12 and about 18 stitches per linear inch.
8. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 1, wherein the first layer further comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, the outer surface having slip-resistant properties.
9. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 1, further comprising a fluid permeable third layer wherein the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer.
10. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 9, wherein the third layer is a knitted polyester fabric layer.
11. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 9, wherein the second layer and the third layer are held together by stitch means.
12. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 11, wherein the stitch means defines a quilted construction.
13. An absorbent pad, comprising:
a. a fluid permeable top layer;
b. a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer; and c. a moisture absorbent layer comprising a non-woven material disposed between the top and bottom layers.
a. a fluid permeable top layer;
b. a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer; and c. a moisture absorbent layer comprising a non-woven material disposed between the top and bottom layers.
14. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 13, further comprising means forsecuring the layers together.
15. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 14, wherein the securing means comprises binding material surrounding the peripheral edges of the layers and stitching between the top and bottom of the binding and through the layers.
16. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 13, wherein the bottom layer further comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, the outer surface having slip-resistant properties.
17. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 13, wherein the top layer is a knitted polyester fabric.
18. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 13, wherein the top layer and moisture absorbent layer are held together by stitch means.
19. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 18, wherein the stitch means defines a quilted construction.
20. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 13, wherein the non-woven material is an absorbent material having graduated density.
21. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 20, wherein the absorbent material comprises from about 50 to about 100% hydrophilic fibers and from about 50 to about 0% hydrophobic fibers.
22. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 20, wherein the absorbent material comprises from about 70 to about 100% hydrophilic fibers and from about 30 to about 0% hydrophobic fibers.
23. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 20, wherein the absorbent material comprises substantially 100% hydrophobic fibers.
24. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 20, wherein the top layer and moisture absorbent layer are held together by stitch means.
25. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 24, wherein the stitch density of the stitch means is between about 12 and about 18 stitches per linear inch.
26. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 25, wherein said stitch means defines a quilted construction.
27. An absorbent pad, comprising:
a. a fluid permeable top layer;
b. a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer;
c. a moisture absorbent layer comprising a non-woven material disposed between the top and bottom layers, the moisture absorbent layer and toplayer held together by stitch means defining a quilted construction; and d. binding material surrounding the peripheral edges of the layers and stitching between the top and bottom of the binding and through the layers.
a. a fluid permeable top layer;
b. a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer;
c. a moisture absorbent layer comprising a non-woven material disposed between the top and bottom layers, the moisture absorbent layer and toplayer held together by stitch means defining a quilted construction; and d. binding material surrounding the peripheral edges of the layers and stitching between the top and bottom of the binding and through the layers.
28. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 27, wherein the bottom layer further comprises an inner surface and an outer surface, the outer surface having slip-resistant properties.
29. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 27, wherein the non-woven material is an absorbent material having graduated density.
30. The absorbent pad as recited in claim 29, wherein the stitch density of the stitch means is between about 12 and about 18 stitches per linear inch.
31. A method of making an absorbent pad, the method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a moisture absorbent layer;
b. providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable layer; and c. securing the moisture absorbent layer to the fluid impermeable and gas permeable layer.
a. providing a moisture absorbent layer;
b. providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable layer; and c. securing the moisture absorbent layer to the fluid impermeable and gas permeable layer.
32. The method of making an absorbent pad as recited in claim 31, wherein the securing step comprises surrounding the peripheral edges of the layers with a binding material and stitching the top and bottom of the binding through the layers.
33. The method of making an absorbent pad as recited in claim 31, wherein the step of providing the moisture absorbent layer comprises providing a non-woven material having graduated density.
34. The method of making an absorbent pad as recited in claim 33, further comprising the step of stitching the second layer, the stitching having a stitch density of about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch.
35. A method of making a absorbent pad, said method comprising the steps of:
a. providing a fluid permeable top layer;
b. providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer;
c. disposing between the top and bottom layers a non-woven absorbent material having graduated density; and d. securing the layers together.
a. providing a fluid permeable top layer;
b. providing a fluid impermeable and gas permeable bottom layer;
c. disposing between the top and bottom layers a non-woven absorbent material having graduated density; and d. securing the layers together.
36. The method of making an absorbent pad as recited in claim 35, wherein the securing step comprises surrounding the peripheral edges of the layers with a binding material and stitching the top and bottom of the binding through the layers.
37. The method of making an absorbent pad as recited in claim 35, further comprising the step of stitching the top layer and non-woven absorbent material together, the stitching having a stitch density of between about 12 to about 18 stitches per linear inch.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26445194A | 1994-06-23 | 1994-06-23 | |
| US264,451 | 1994-06-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2152135A1 true CA2152135A1 (en) | 1995-12-24 |
Family
ID=23006130
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2152135 Abandoned CA2152135A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-06-19 | Breathable absorbent pad |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2152135A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012171260A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Yang Yang | Diaper mat having new type of absorption layer and processing method therefor |
| US10441479B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2019-10-15 | Knix Wear Inc. | Absorbent garment |
| US11154431B1 (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2021-10-26 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Absorbent garment and method of manufacture thereof |
| US11304536B2 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2022-04-19 | Airweave Inc. | Bedding and bedding cover sheet |
| WO2022096037A1 (en) * | 2020-11-07 | 2022-05-12 | Creaciones Selene S.A.S. | Waterproof gusset fabric that absorbs bodily fluids, for underwear and other items |
| US11497263B1 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2022-11-15 | Knix Wear Inc. | Garments with moisture capture assemblies and associated methods |
| US11590034B2 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2023-02-28 | Knix Wear Inc. | Reusable absorbent accessories and associated methods |
| US11701267B2 (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2023-07-18 | Knix Wear Inc. | Garments with moisture capture assemblies and associated methods |
| US11957552B2 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2024-04-16 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Absorbent garment and method of manufacture thereof |
-
1995
- 1995-06-19 CA CA 2152135 patent/CA2152135A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012171260A1 (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2012-12-20 | Yang Yang | Diaper mat having new type of absorption layer and processing method therefor |
| US10441479B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2019-10-15 | Knix Wear Inc. | Absorbent garment |
| US10441480B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2019-10-15 | Knix Wear Inc. | Absorbent garment |
| US11737931B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2023-08-29 | Knix Wear Inc. | Garments and associated methods |
| US11304536B2 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2022-04-19 | Airweave Inc. | Bedding and bedding cover sheet |
| US11154431B1 (en) | 2020-11-06 | 2021-10-26 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Absorbent garment and method of manufacture thereof |
| WO2022096037A1 (en) * | 2020-11-07 | 2022-05-12 | Creaciones Selene S.A.S. | Waterproof gusset fabric that absorbs bodily fluids, for underwear and other items |
| US11497263B1 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2022-11-15 | Knix Wear Inc. | Garments with moisture capture assemblies and associated methods |
| US11590034B2 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2023-02-28 | Knix Wear Inc. | Reusable absorbent accessories and associated methods |
| US11957552B2 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2024-04-16 | Mast Industries (Far East) Limited | Absorbent garment and method of manufacture thereof |
| US11701267B2 (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2023-07-18 | Knix Wear Inc. | Garments with moisture capture assemblies and associated methods |
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