CN109152770A - 合成2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1h-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛的方法 - Google Patents
合成2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1h-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109152770A CN109152770A CN201780028862.7A CN201780028862A CN109152770A CN 109152770 A CN109152770 A CN 109152770A CN 201780028862 A CN201780028862 A CN 201780028862A CN 109152770 A CN109152770 A CN 109152770A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 18
- ANMVTDVBEDVFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-ylpyrazole Chemical class CC(C)N1C=CC=N1 ANMVTDVBEDVFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 17
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 12
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl tert-butyl ether Chemical compound COC(C)(C)C BZLVMXJERCGZMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical group [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Butyllithium Substances [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 ZDYVRSLAEXCVBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000007056 sickle cell anemia Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 35
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 aldehyde radical Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 4
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,5,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-6-ol Chemical compound C1CC(C)(C)OC2=C1C(C)=C(O)C=C2C MEKOFIRRDATTAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003349 3-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydropyran Chemical group C1COC=CC1 BUDQDWGNQVEFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-KWCOIAHCSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical group O=[11CH]C1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-KWCOIAHCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- LCEDQNDDFOCWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N morpholine-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CN1CCOCC1 LCEDQNDDFOCWGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DRTZAIDVOGUYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.C1=CC=NC=C1 DRTZAIDVOGUYSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyrrole Natural products C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical group OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KNDUGOWIKQAXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-propan-2-ylpyrrole Chemical compound CC(C)N1C=CC=C1 KNDUGOWIKQAXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFQCQIGMURIECL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2',6'-dimethylspiro[isoquinoline-4,4'-oxane]-1,3-dione;phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.O=C1N(CCN(CC)CC)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21CC(C)OC(C)C2 OFQCQIGMURIECL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=N1 OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCFSYHMCKWNKAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane Chemical class CC1(C)OBOC1(C)C UCFSYHMCKWNKAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000010445 Lactoferrin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010063045 Lactoferrin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical class C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010533 azeotropic distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMHBMLLQKJESDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene;formaldehyde Chemical group O=C.C1=CC=CC=C1 BMHBMLLQKJESDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-yl(diphenyl)phosphane;dichloropalladium;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Fe+2].Cl[Pd]Cl.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1.[CH-]1C=CC(P(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 NXQGGXCHGDYOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLQDQRMFMXYSQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloromethane;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.ClCCl XLQDQRMFMXYSQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002012 dioxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006170 formylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N l-phenylalanyl-l-lysyl-l-cysteinyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophyl-l-glutaminyl-l-tryptophyl-l-arginyl-l-methionyl-l-lysyl-l-lysyl-l-leucylglycyl-l-alanyl-l-prolyl-l-seryl-l-isoleucyl-l-threonyl-l-cysteinyl-l-valyl-l-arginyl-l-arginyl-l-alanyl-l-phenylal Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078795 lactoferrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000021242 lactoferrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium sulphate Substances [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003527 tetrahydropyrans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
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Abstract
本申请公开了合成2‑羟基‑6‑((2‑(1‑异丙基‑1H‑吡唑‑5‑基)‑吡啶‑3‑基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(本申请也称为化合物(I))的方法以及用于此类方法中的中间体。化合物(I)结合至血红蛋白,并增加其氧亲和力,且因此可用于治疗诸如镰形细胞病的疾病。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2016年5月12日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/335,583的优先权,将其通过引用以其全文并出于所有目的并入本文。
技术领域
本文公开了合成2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(化合物(I))的方法以及用于此类方法的中间体。化合物(I)结合至血红蛋白,并增加其氧亲和力,且因此可用于治疗诸如镰形细胞病的疾病。
背景技术
化合物(I)公开在国际公开号WO 2013/102142的实施例17中。化合物(I)结合至血红蛋白,并增加其氧亲和力,且因此可用于治疗诸如镰形细胞病的疾病。
通常,一种化合物要适合作为治疗剂或治疗剂的一部分,该化合物的合成必须可适应大规模制造和分离。大规模制造和分离不应影响化合物的物理性质和纯度,也不应对配制的活性成分的成本或功效产生负面影响。因此,制造和分离的规模扩大可能需要大量努力才能实现这些目标。
发明内容
化合物(I)已经通过某些以2,6-二羟基苯甲醛(化合物1)开始的方法合成,其中每个羟基部分用非分支直链烷基或烷氧基烷基(例如像甲基或甲氧基甲基)保护。在安装醛基后,使用各种羟基去保护方法合成用于合成或生产化合物(I)的化合物(1)。然而,使用的去保护方法导致化合物(1)发生非期望的聚合作用和分解反应-部分归因于用于羟基去保护的条件。非期望的副产物产生复杂混合物,降低化合物(I)收率,且需要大量的努力将化合物(I)纯化至可被接受为用作治疗剂的一部分的程度,因此使得以上方法对于化合物(I)的商业规模合成是不实际的。
本文提供了合成化合物(I)的方法:
该方法以抑制非期望的聚合作用和分解反应并实现化合物(I)的商业规模合成的方式采用保护基序列和温和反应条件以获得化合物(1)。
在一个方面,提供了一种合成化合物(1)的方法:
该方法包括:
步骤(i):用酸处理具有式(2)的化合物:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基,以提供化合物(1),并且其中R1是氢或烷基且R2是烷基;
步骤(ii):任选地将化合物(1)转化为化合物(I):
方式是通过使化合物(1)与具有式(3)的化合物在烷基化反应条件下反应:
其中LG是离去基团;和
步骤(iii):任选地在40℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃,优选地在45℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下从庚烷和甲基叔丁基醚结晶化合物(I)。
本文还提供一种用于合成化合物(I)的方法,该方法包括依次进行第一方面的步骤(i)和(ii),包括本文所述方面1的实施方案和子实施方案,从而合成化合物(I)。本文还提供一种用于合成化合物(I)的方法,该方法包括依次进行第一方面的步骤(i)、(ii)和(iii),包括本文所述方面1的实施方案和子实施方案,从而获得化合物(I)。
本文在第二方面提供了一种合成具有式(2)的化合物的方法:
该方法包括使具有式(4)的化合物甲酰化:
其中具有式(2)和式(4)的化合物中的每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基,以提供以上具有式(2)的化合物。
本文在第三方面提供了一种合成具有式(4)的化合物的方法:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基,该方法包括:
使化合物(5):
在弱酸的存在下与具有式CHR1=CHOR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)的乙烯基醚或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃反应,以提供以上具有式(4)的化合物。
本文在第四方面提供一种合成化合物(1)的方法:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基,该方法包括:
步骤(a):使化合物(5):
在弱酸的存在下与具有式CHR1=CHOR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)的乙烯基醚或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃反应,以提供具有式(4)的化合物:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基;
步骤(b);用甲酰化剂原位处理化合物(4),以提供具有式(2)的化合物:
步骤(c):用酸原位处理具有式(2)的化合物,以提供以上化合物(1);
步骤(d):任选地将化合物(1)转化为化合物(I):
方式是通过使化合物(1)与具有式(3)的化合物反应
其中LG是烷基化反应条件下的离去基团;和
步骤(e):任选地在40℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃,优选地在45℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下从庚烷和甲基叔丁基醚结晶化合物(I)。
本文还提供一种合成化合物(I)的方法,该方法包括依次进行第四方面的步骤(a)、(b)和(c)或(b)和(c),包括本文所述方面4的实施方案和子实施方案。本文还提供一种合成化合物(I)的方法,该方法包括依次进行第四方面的步骤(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)或(b)、(c)和(d),包括本文所述方面4的实施方案和子实施方案。本文还提供一种合成化合物(I)的方法,该方法包括依次进行第四方面的步骤(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)和(e)或(b)、(c)和(d)和(e),包括本文所述方面4的实施方案和子实施方案。在一个实施方案中,第一和第四方面还包括从如本文所述第七方面中提供的中间体化合物(6)合成化合物(3)。
本文在第五方面还提供了具有式(4)的化合物的中间体:
其中每个R是任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基。
在第六方面,提供具有式(2)的中间体:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基。
在第七方面,提供了一种合成化合物(6)的方法:
该方法包括使具有下式的硼酸化合物:
其中R3和R4独立地为烷基或一起形成-(CR’R”)2,其中R’和R”独立地为烷基;与
其中X是卤基或三氟甲磺酸根,在钯催化剂和碱的存在下在有机/含水反应混合物中反应。化合物(6)可用于合成如本文所述的化合物(3)。
通过参考下文详细描述和实施例可更全面理解以上方面,详细描述和实施例旨在举例说明非限制性实施方案。
附图说明
图1是化合物(I)的结晶形式I的XRPD图。
图2是化合物(I)的结晶形式II的XRPD图。
具体实施方式
除非另有说明,否则说明书和权利要求书中使用的下列术语是为了本申请的目的而定义的并且具有以下含义:
“烷基”意指一至六个碳原子的直链饱和一价烃基或三至六个碳原子的支链饱和一价烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、丁基、戊基等。
“任选的”或“任选地”意指随后描述的事件或情形可以发生但不一定发生,且该描述包括其中所述事件或情形发生的情况和其中它没有发生的情况。例如,“任选地从庚烷和甲基叔丁基乙基结晶化合物(I)”意指可以进行结晶但不是必须进行结晶。
如本文所用,“约”意指给定量或范围包括落入实验误差内的范围或量的偏差,除非另有说明。
如本文所用,与多晶型相关的“基本上纯的”是指%化合物如化合物(I),其中按重量计至少70的化合物以给定的多晶型存在。例如,短语“化合物(I)是基本上纯的形式I或II”是指化合物(I)的固态形式,其中按重量计至少70%的化合物(I)分别为形式I或形式II。在一个实施方案中,按重量计至少80%的化合物(I)分别为形式I或形式II。在另一个实施方案中,按重量计至少85%的化合物(I)分别为形式I或形式II。在又另一个实施方案中,按重量计至少90%的化合物(I)分别为形式I或形式II。在又另一个实施方案中,按重量计至少95%的化合物(I)分别为形式I或形式II。在又另一个实施方案中,按重量计至少99%的化合物(I)分别为形式I或形式II。
实施方案:
(a)在实施方案(a)中,第一方面的方法还包括使具有式(4)的化合物甲酰化:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基且R2是烷基)或R是任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基,以提供具有式(2)的化合物。
在实施方案(a)的第一子实施方案中,每个R是相同的。在第二子实施方案中,四氢吡喃-2-基部分未被取代。在实施方案(a)的第三子实施方案中,四氢吡喃-2-基部分被一个、两个或三个烷基取代。
(b)在实施方案(b)中,实施方案(a)的方法还包括使化合物(5):
与具有式CHR1=CHOR2的乙烯基醚(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃,
在弱酸的存在下反应以提供具有式(4)的化合物:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基。
在实施方案(b)的一个子实施方案中,3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃部分未被取代。在实施方案(b)的另一个子实施方案中,3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃部分被一个、两个或三个烷基取代。
(c)在实施方案(c)中,第一方面步骤(i)、第四方面步骤(c)、以及实施方案(a)和(b)的方法中用于移除R基团的酸是有机酸或无机酸。在实施方案(c)的第一子实施方案中,该酸是盐酸、硫酸、三氟乙酸、甲磺酸或乙磺酸。在实施方案(c)的第二子实施方案中,该酸是盐酸。在实施方案(c)的第三子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在小于约4、3、2或1的pH下进行反应。在实施方案(c)的第四子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在约1至约3的pH下进行反应。在实施方案(c)的第五子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在大于1的pH下进行反应。在实施方案(c)的第六子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在小于1的pH下进行反应。在实施方案(c)的第七子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),用有机酸或无机酸原位处理化合物(2)以合成化合物(1)。在实施方案(c)的第八子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在有机溶剂如四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、乙醚或二噁烷中进行反应。在实施方案(c)的第九子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在有机溶剂如四氢呋喃中进行反应。在实施方案(c)的第十子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在小于30℃+/-5℃的温度下进行反应,优选地,在小于约20℃的温度下进行反应。在实施方案(c)的第十一子实施方案中(包括实施方案(c)中所含的子实施方案和实施方案),在比先前合成途径更短的时间量内进行去保护。较短的去保护时间可减少如本文所述的中间体化合物(1)和/或(2)的聚合或去保护。
(d)在实施方案(d)中,第一方面和第四方面的方法、实施方案(a)、(b)和(c)及其中所含子实施方案中LG是氯、溴、甲苯磺酸根、甲磺酸根或三氟甲磺酸根。LG可优选地是氯。在实施方案(d)的第一子实施方案中,LG是氯并且反应是在非亲核有机碱(如吡啶、三甲胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮和二异丙基乙胺,在弱无机碱,如碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、碳酸铯等的存在下)的存在下进行反应。在实施方案(d)的第二子实施方案中,弱无机碱是碳酸氢钠。在实施方案(d)的第三子实施方案中,LG是氯,且反应是在吡啶和弱无机碱(如碳酸氢钠)的存在下进行。在实施方案(d)的第四子实施方案和其中所含的子实施方案和实施方案中,反应是在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中进行。在实施方案(d)的第五子实施方案中,LG是氯,且反应是在碳酸氢钠和催化量的NaI的存在下在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中进行。在实施方案(d)的第六子实施方案和实施方案(d)中所含的子实施方案中,反应是在40℃至50℃之间进行。在实施方案(d)的第七子实施方案和实施方案(d)中所含的子实施方案中,反应是在43℃至45℃之间进行。在实施方案(d)的第八子实施方案和实施方案(d)中所含的子实施方案中,反应完成后,用水处理反应混合物,然后在40℃至50℃,优选地40℃至46℃下接种化合物(I)形式I,得到呈基本上纯的形式I的化合物(I),优选地按重量计化合物(I)是至少95%纯的形式I。
(e)在实施方案(e)中,第一方面的方法步骤(iii)、第四方面步骤(e)以及实施方案(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)和其中所含的子实施方案中,化合物(I)的结晶是在45℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃或在45℃至55℃下进行,且溶剂是正庚烷和甲基叔丁基醚,以提供基本上纯的化合物(I)形式II。在一个实施方案中,按重量计至少95%的化合物(I)是形式II。在一个实施方案中,按重量计至少98%的化合物(I)是形式II。在一个实施方案中,按重量计至少99%的化合物(I)是形式II。
(f)在实施方案(f)中,第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六方面的方法、实施方案(a)-(e)以及其中所含的子实施方案中,每个R是-CH(CH3)-O-CH2CH3、-CH(C2H5)-O-CH2CH3。在(g)的一个子实施方案中,每个R是-CH(CH3)-O-CH2CH3。
(g)在实施方案(g)中,第一、第二、第三、第四、第五和第六方面的方法、实施方案(a)-(e)以及其中所含的子实施方案中,每个R是任选地被一个或两个甲基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基。在(g)的第一子实施方案中,R是四氢呋喃-2-基。在(g)的第二子实施方案中,每个R是被一个甲基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基。
(h)在实施方案(h)中,第三和第四方面的方法、实施方案(a)-(e)以及其中所含的子实施方案中,用于将化合物(5)转化为具有式(4)的化合物的酸是弱酸,诸如对甲苯磺酸或甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓。在实施方案(h)的第一子实施方案中,酸是甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓。
(i)在实施方案(i)中,第二方面和第四方面的方法步骤(b)、实施方案(a)-(i)以及其中所含的子实施方案中,甲酰化剂是n-BuLi和DMF或n-甲酰基吗啉。在实施方案(i)的第一子实施方案中,甲酰化剂是n-BuLi和DMF。在实施方案(i)的第二子实施方案中(包括实施方案(i)的第一子实施方案),反应是在THF中进行。
(j)在实施方案(j)中,第七方面的方法中,钯催化剂是[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯(II)或其二氯甲烷加合物。在实施方案(j)的第一子实施方案中,R3和R4一起形成-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-,且X是卤基。在实施方案(j)的第二子实施方案中(包括实施方案(j)的第一子实施方案),R3和R4一起形成-C(CH3)2-C(CH3)2-,且X是氯。
(k)在实施方案(j)中,第五和第六方面的中间体中,每个R是-CH(CH3)-O-CH2CH3。
(l)在实施方案(l)中,第五和第六方面的中间体中,每个R是四氢吡喃-2-基。
化合物(I)的形式I可以通过在12.94°、15.82°、16.11°、16.74°、17.67°、25.19°、25.93°和26.48°±0.2°2θ中的一处或多处包含X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。在一个实施方案中,化合物(I)的形式I通过与图1基本上相似的X-射线粉末衍射图(CuKα辐射)表征。在另一个实施方案中,化合物(I)的游离碱的形式I通过包含至少两个选自12.94°、15.82°、16.11°、16.74°、17.67°、25.19°、25.93°和26.48°(每个±0.2°2θ)的X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。在另一个实施方案中,化合物(I)的形式I通过包含至少三个选自12.94°、15.82°、16.11°、16.74°、17.67°、25.19°、25.93°和26.48°(每个±0.2°2θ)的X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。在另一个实施方案中,形式I通过包含如下文在表1中所列的1、2、3、4或更多个峰的XRPD图表征,该表列出化合物(I)的形式I的XRPD主峰的XRPD峰位置和相对强度。
表1:化合物(I)的形式I的XRPD峰。
化合物(I)的形式II可通过在13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97°±0.2°2θ中的一处或多处包含X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。在另一个实施方案中,化合物(I)的形式II通过包含与图2基本上相似的X-射线粉末衍射图(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。在另一个实施方案中,化合物(I)的形式II通过包含至少两个选自13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97°2θ(每个±0.2°2θ)的X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。在另一个实施方案中,化合物(I)的形式II通过包含至少三个选自13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97°2θ(每个±0.2°2θ)的X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。在另一个实施方案中,化合物(I)的形式II通过包含选自13.44°、14.43°、19.76°、23.97°2θ(每个±0.2°2θ)的X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。
在另一个实施方案中,形式II通过下文在表2中所列的1、2、3、4或更多个峰表征,该表列出化合物(I)的形式II的XRPD主峰的XRPD峰位置和相对强度。
表2:化合物(I)的形式II的XRPD主峰。
本文所述的方法可用于以制造规模合成(例如,至少0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、10、20、25、50、100或更多kg量)合成化合物(I)。本文所述的方法可用于以较大规模合成(例如,至少0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、10、20、25、50、100或更多kg量),这保留了化合物(I)的物理性质、纯度、功效、其组合或全部。
本文所述方法在化合物(I)合成期间出乎意料地减少化合物(1)聚合,且出乎意料地减少中间体聚合。在一个实施方案中,与如本文所述的先前合成途径相比,聚合可减少至少5%、10%、20%、25%、50%、75%、80%、90%、95%或更多。
本文所述方法在化合物(1)的合成(和分解)期间出乎意料地减少分解反应。与如本文所述的先前合成途径相比,分解反应可减少至少5%、10%、20%、25%、50%、75%、80%、90%、95%或更多。与如本文所述的先前合成途径相比,如本文所述的方法可使化合物(I)的最终产物的纯度增加至少5%、10%、20%、25%、50%、75%、80%、90%、95%、97%、99%或更多。
XRPD分析:
用PANalytical X’Pert3 X-射线粉末衍射仪收集XRPD图,该粉末衍射仪利用Cu Kα辐射的入射光束(1.540598,1.544426 Kα2/Kα1强度比:0.50,管设定为45kV,40mA)。以反射模式在3与40(°2Θ)之间使用连续扫描模式,扫描速度为50s/步,且步长为0.0263(°2Θ)。使用对称布拉格-布伦塔诺(Bragg-Brentano)几何配置衍射仪。数据收集使用 4.3.0.161版和Highscore3.0.0版。
实施例
实施例1
合成2,6-二羟基苯甲醛(化合物(1))
步骤1:
在惰性气体保护下,将四氢呋喃(700mL)添加至间苯二酚(170g,1.54mol,1当量),然后添加甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(3.9g,15.4mmol,0.01当量)、THF(65mL),并将反应混合物冷却至0℃-5℃。在1-1.5h内,添加乙基乙烯基醚(444mL,4.63mol,3.0当量),同时保持温度≤5℃。完成添加后,允许反应混合物在1.5h内达到室温。搅拌反应过夜,冷却至10℃-15℃,并添加510mL1/2饱和NaHCO3,同时将反应溶液维持在低于20℃。分离相。将有机相用425mL水洗涤一次,并用425mL 12.5%NaCl溶液洗涤一次,并蒸发,与THF共沸,得到呈透明无色至淡黄色油的双-EOE-保护的间苯二酚(401.2g,1.55mol,102%未校正)。
步骤2:
在惰性气体保护下将双-EOE-保护的间苯二酚(390g,实际:398.6g=1.53mol,1当量,校正为100%转化)添加至6L玻璃容器,并添加THF(1170mL)。将反应混合物冷却至-10℃至-5℃,并添加n-BuLi(625mL,2.7M于庚烷中,1.687mol,1.1当量)。在-5℃至0℃下搅拌反应混合物30-40min,然后在-10℃至-5℃开始添加DMF(153.4mL,1.99mmol,1.3当量)。搅拌反应混合物,直到完成,然后用1N HCl/EtOAc淬灭。特别是,还发现,用EOE基团保护不仅产生较少副产物,而且显现增加甲酰化反应的速度,以提供2,6-双(1-乙氧基乙氧基)苯甲醛(化合物(2))。
处理混合物,进行相分离,并用MTBE水洗。水洗去除盐后,将有机相浓缩至纯油,得到呈黄色油的化合物(2)(几乎是定量的)。
用溶剂交换进行批量制备,且比其他已知用于合成化合物(I)的方法更快完成,纯度和收率更佳。去保护顺序允许原位使用化合物(2)。
步骤3:
向步骤2的反应溶液添加1N HCl(1755mL),同时维持温度<20℃。用6M HCl将溶液pH调节为pH=0.7-0.8。搅拌反应混合物16h。完成反应后,分离有机相,并添加1560mL甲基叔丁基醚。将有机相用1170mL 1N HCl洗涤一次,用780mL1/2饱和NaCl溶液洗涤一次,并用780mL水洗涤一次,然后浓缩至约280mL体积。向溶液添加780mL甲基叔丁基醚,并再次浓缩至280mL[温度<45℃,真空]。向浆液添加780mL乙腈,并在T<45℃下,在真空中将溶液浓缩至约280mL的最终体积。加热浆液,以使固体重新溶解。将溶液缓慢冷却至室温,并在60℃-65℃下接种,以引发产物结晶。将浆液冷却至-20℃至-15℃,并在此温度下搅拌1-2h。通过过滤分离产物,并用DCM(预先冷却至-20℃至-15℃)洗涤,并在氮气流下干燥,得到呈黄色固体的2,6-二羟基苯甲醛。产量:138.9g(1.00mol,65.6%)。
实施例1A
2,6-二羟基苯甲醛化合物(1)的替代合成
步骤1:
在合适反应器中,在氮气下,将四氢呋喃(207L)添加至间苯二酚(46kg,0.42kmol,1当量),然后添加甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓(1.05kg,4.2mol,0.01当量),并将反应混合物冷却至0℃-5℃。在1-1.5h内,添加乙基乙烯基醚(90.4kg,120.5L,125kmol,3.0当量),同时维持温度≤5℃。完成添加后,允许反应混合物在1.5h内达到室温。将反应搅拌过夜,冷却至10℃-15℃,并添加138L 4%NaHCO3水溶液,同时将反应溶液维持在低于20℃。分离相。将有机相用115L水洗涤一次,并用125.2kg 12.5%NaCl溶液洗涤一次。将有机层通过与THF共沸蒸馏来干燥至水含量值<0.05%(按重量计),得到呈在THF中的溶液的双-EOE-保护的间苯二酚(106.2kg,0.42kmol)。超过先前报道的保护程序的优点是双-EOE-保护的间苯二酚产物无需作为纯产物分离。含产物的THF溶液可直接用于下一反应步骤,因此增加生产量并减少杂质形成。
步骤2:
在惰性气体保护下将双-EOE-保护的间苯二酚溶液(假设100%转化率)添加至合适的反应器。将反应混合物冷却至-10℃至-5℃,并添加n-BuLi(117.8kg,25%于庚烷中,1.1当量)。在-5℃至0℃下搅拌反应混合物30-40min,然后在-10℃至-5℃下添加DMF(39.7kg,0.54kmol,1.3当量)。搅拌反应混合物,直到完成,然后用HCl水溶液(1M,488.8kg)淬灭,得到2,6-双(1-乙氧基乙氧基)苯甲醛。超过先前报道的使用EOE保护基团的程序的优点是HCl淬灭的溶液可直接用于去保护步骤,且2,6-双(1-乙氧基乙氧基)苯甲醛无需作为纯油分离。
步骤3:
用HCl水溶液(6M,约95.9kg)将淬灭溶液的pH调节至<1,并在环境温度下搅拌反应混合物16h。完成反应后,分离有机相,并添加279.7kg甲基叔丁基醚。将有机相用1N HCl水溶液(299kg)洗涤一次,用12.5%NaCl水溶液(205.8kg)洗涤一次,并用189kg水洗涤一次,然后浓缩至约69L的体积。向浆液添加164kg乙腈,并在T<45℃下在真空中将溶液浓缩至约69L。加热浆液,以使固体重新溶解。在60℃-65℃下给溶液接种,以引发产物结晶,并在8hr内缓慢冷却至室温。将浆液冷却至-20℃至-15℃,并在该温度下搅拌1-2h。通过过滤分离产物,并用DCM(50.3kg,预先冷却至-20℃至-15℃)洗涤,并在氮气流下干燥,得到呈黄色固体的2,6-二羟基苯甲醛。产量:37.8kg(0.27kmol,65.4%收率)。所述的从去保护到结晶错开的方法增加产物的生产量和完整性。
实施例2
合成3-(氯甲基)-2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶二盐酸盐
步骤1:
将合适尺寸的烧瓶用氮气吹扫,并填充(2氯吡啶-3-基)甲醇(1.0当量)、碳酸氢钠(3.0当量)、[1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)-二茂铁]二氯化钯(5mol%)、1-异丙基-5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑(1.2当量)以及2-MeTHF(17.4体积)和去离子水(5.2体积)的混合物。将所得溶液加热至70℃至75℃,并通过HPLC监测转化。一旦反应完成,将反应混合物冷却至室温,用去离子水稀释,并分离相。用2N HCl(10体积)萃取有机层,并分离相。用MTBE洗涤水相。用6N NaOH将水相pH调节至8-9。将产物萃取到EtOAc中,用Darco G-60处理30至60min,经MgSO4干燥,通过过滤,并浓缩,得到呈棕色油的(2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶-3-基)甲醇。
步骤2:
向适当配备的反应器填充(2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶-3-基)甲醇盐酸盐(1当量)和纯净水。缓慢添加碳酸氢钠水溶液(8%NaHCO3),以将溶液温度维持在17℃至25℃之间。添加完成后,在17℃至25℃之间搅拌反应混合物,并添加二氯甲烷,分离有机层。然后在大气条件下,在约40℃下蒸馏DCM溶液,并减少体积。向反应器添加DCM,并在20℃至30℃下搅拌反应器的内容物,直到形成澄清溶液。将反应器的内容物冷却至0℃至5℃,将亚硫酰氯缓慢填充入反应器,以维持温度≤5℃。在17℃至25℃下搅拌反应溶液。当反应完成时,将HCl(g)在1,4-二噁烷(约4N,0.8当量)中的溶液缓慢填充入反应器以将溶液温度维持在17℃与25℃之间。将产物3-(氯甲基)-2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶二盐酸盐过滤,用二氯甲烷洗涤并干燥。
实施例3
合成2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛形式I
向适当配备的反应器填充3-(氯甲基)-2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶二盐酸盐(1当量)、碘化钠(0.05当量)、碳酸氢钠(4当量)、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)和2,6-二羟基-苯甲醛(1至1.05当量)。将反应混合物缓慢加热至40℃至50℃,并搅拌直到完成反应。然后添加水,并将反应混合物冷却,维持在17℃至25℃。当添加水完成时,将反应混合物在17℃至25℃下搅拌,并缓慢冷却至0℃至5℃,并将所得固体通过过滤收集。先后用0℃至5℃2:1水/NMP溶液和0℃至5℃水洗涤固体。将固体过滤,并干燥,得到呈形式I的2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛或呈形式I形式I的2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛与NMP溶剂化物的混合物。
替代性合成:
向适当配备的反应器填充3-(氯甲基)-2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)吡啶二盐酸盐(1当量)、碘化钠(0.05当量)、碳酸氢钠(3至4当量)、1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(7当量,NMP)和2,6-二羟基苯甲醛(1.05当量)。将反应混合物加热至40℃至50℃,并搅拌直到完成反应。然后添加水(5当量),同时将反应器内容物维持在40℃至46℃,并用2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛形式I给所得澄清溶液接种。添加额外水(5当量),同时将反应器的内容物维持在40℃至50℃,将反应器内容物冷却至15℃至25℃,并在15℃至25℃下搅拌反应器内容物至少1小时。将固体收集,用1:2NMP:水洗涤两次,并用水洗涤两次,并干燥,得到2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛形式I,全无呈NMP溶剂化物的2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛。
实施例4
制备2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)-苯甲醛形式II
步骤1:
向具有惰性气氛的适当配备的反应器填充粗制2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(来自以上实施例3)和MTBE,并在17℃至25℃下搅拌内容物,直到实现溶解。使反应溶液通过0.45微米过滤器,并在约50℃下用真空蒸馏减少MTBE溶剂体积。将浓缩的溶液加热至55℃至60℃,以溶解任何结晶产物。当获得澄清溶液,将溶液冷却至50℃至55℃,并添加正庚烷。将在正庚烷浆液中的2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)苯甲醛(例如,形式II)晶种填入,并在50℃至55℃下搅拌溶液。将溶液冷却至45℃至50℃,并将正庚烷缓慢添加至反应器,同时将反应溶液温度维持在45℃至50℃。将反应溶液在45℃至50℃下搅拌,然后缓慢冷却至17℃至25℃。取样进行FTIR分析,并在FTIR分析确认2-羟基-6-((2-(1-异丙基-1H-吡唑-5-基)-吡啶-3-基)甲氧基)-苯甲醛(形式II)时视为结晶完成。然后将反应器的内容物冷却至0℃至5℃,并将固体分离,用冷正庚烷洗涤并干燥。
Claims (17)
1.一种合成化合物(I)的方法:
该方法包括:
步骤(i):用酸处理具有式(2)的化合物:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基;并且其中R1是氢或烷基且R2是烷基;
以提供化合物(1):
步骤(ii):使化合物(1)与具有式(3)的化合物在烷基化反应条件下反应
其中LG是离去基团,以提供化合物(I);和
步骤(iii):任选地在45℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下从庚烷和甲基叔丁基醚结晶步骤(ii)的化合物(I)。
2.权利要求1的方法,其还包括使具有式(4)的化合物甲酰化:
以提供具有式(2)的化合物:
其中式(2)和式(4)的化合物中的每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基;并且
R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基。
3.权利要求2的方法,其还包括使化合物(5):
在弱酸的存在下与具有式CHR1=CHOR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)的乙烯基醚或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃反应,以提供具有式(4)的化合物:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)-OR2(其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基)或任选地被一个、两个或三个烷基取代的四氢吡喃-2-基。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中用甲酰化剂原位处理化合物(4),以提供化合物(2)。
5.权利要求1或2的方法,其中用酸原位处理化合物(2),以提供化合物(1)。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项的方法,其中在45℃+/-5℃至55℃+/-5℃下从庚烷和甲基叔丁基醚结晶化合物(I),得到呈基本上纯的形式II的化合物(I),其通过在13.37°、14.37°、19.95°或23.92°±0.2°2θ中的一处或多处包含X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中在45℃至55℃下结晶化合物(I),得到化合物(I),其中按重量计至少95%的化合物(I)是形式II。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其中LG是氯。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项的方法,其中R是-CH(CH3)-O-CH2CH3。
10.权利要求1至9中任一项的方法,其中用于移除该R基团的该酸是无机酸。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中该酸是盐酸。
12.权利要求1至11中任一项的方法,其中LG是氯,且该烷基化反应是在碳酸氢钠和催化量的NaI的存在下在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中进行。
13.权利要求1至11中任一项的方法,其中LG是氯,且该烷基化反应是在碳酸氢钠和催化量的NaI的存在下在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中进行,且化合物(I)是在40℃至50℃下从反应混合物通过添加水结晶出,得到基本上纯的形式I,其通过在12.82°、15.74°、16.03°、16.63°、17.60°、25.14°、25.82°和26.44°±0.2°2θ中的一处或多处包含X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。
14.权利要求1至11中任一项的方法,其中LG是氯,且烷基化反应是在碳酸氢钠和催化量的NaI的存在下在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮中进行,且化合物(I)是在40℃至46℃下从反应混合物通过添加水结晶出,得到按重量计至少95%形式I的化合物(I),该形式I通过在12.82°、15.74°、16.03°、16.63°、17.60°、25.14°、25.82°和26.44°±0.2°2θ中的一处或多处包含X-射线粉末衍射峰(Cu Kα辐射)的XRPD图表征。
15.如权利要求3至14中任一项所述的方法,其中该弱酸是甲苯磺酸吡啶鎓。
16.如权利要求2至15中任一项所述的方法,其中该甲酰化剂是n-BuLi和DMF。
17.一种具有式(2)的中间体:
其中每个R是-CH(CH2R1)OR2;且
其中R1是氢或烷基,且R2是烷基。
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