CN105765760A - 用于板状电池电极的格栅组件以及蓄电池 - Google Patents

用于板状电池电极的格栅组件以及蓄电池 Download PDF

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CN105765760A
CN105765760A CN201480048421.XA CN201480048421A CN105765760A CN 105765760 A CN105765760 A CN 105765760A CN 201480048421 A CN201480048421 A CN 201480048421A CN 105765760 A CN105765760 A CN 105765760A
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英格·科克
贝恩德·艾迪
弗兰克-托马斯·琼斯
阿明·施塔菲尔特
安德里亚斯·杜登博斯特尔
德克·戈培尔
克里斯汀·费舍尔
约尔根·鲍尔
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Keris Germany GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于电化学蓄电池的板状电池电极的格栅组件，其具有边框和布置在该边框处的格栅，其中，边框具有至少一个上边框部件，在该上边框部件的背离该格栅的侧部处布置有电池电极的端子接线片，并且该格栅具有格栅条，格栅的凹处分别被包围，其中，包围该凹处的格栅条的大多数布置成相应的六边形布置方案，从而处于其间的凹处形成六边形，其特征在于，以下特征a)、b)、c)、d)、e)中的至少一个、多个或全部：a)该格栅组件涂覆有膏状的活性物质，在该活性物质上布置有吸取液体的材料，该材料用于吸收蓄电池的液体电解质，b)六边形凹处的尺寸朝向上边框部件增大，c)所有六边形凹处的格栅条具有相同的宽度或者相同的横截面，d)六边形凹处的格栅条并未水平地延伸或平行于上边框部件延伸，e)六边形凹处的格栅条并未竖直地延伸或垂直于上边框部件延伸。本发明还涉及一种蓄电池。

Description

用于板状电池电极的格栅组件以及蓄电池
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于电化学蓄电池的板状电池电极的格栅组件。本发明还涉及一种根据权利要求12所述的蓄电池。
一般来说，本发明涉及具有板状电池电极的电化学蓄电池领域，该板状电池电极也被称作电极板。这种蓄电池尤其制成铅酸蓄电池。在此，该酸形成液体电解质。例如在文献DE102008029386Al或者文献WO01/04977Al中说明了这种电池电极的格栅组件。这种格栅组件通常由铅制成。由于原材料价格上涨和电化学蓄电池减重的目的，希望使所使用的铅量保持较少。
因此本发明的目的在于，说明一种优化的格栅组件，其中，可改善蓄电池的电性能，而原材料用量并不增加。为此，还应说明一种蓄电池。
该目的根据权利要求1通过一种用于电化学蓄电池的板状电池电极的格栅组件来实现，其具有边框和布置在该边框处的格栅，其中，该边框具有至少一个上边框部件，在该上边框部件的背离该格栅的侧部处布置有该电池电极的端子接线片，并且该格栅具有格栅条，该格栅的凹处分别被包围，其中，包围该凹处的该格栅条的大多数布置成相应的六边形布置方案，从而处于格栅条之间的该凹处形成六边形，其特征在于，以下特征a)、b)、c)、d)、e)中的至少一个、多个或全部：
a)该格栅组件涂覆有膏状的活性物质，在该活性物质上布置有吸取液体的材料，该材料用于吸收该蓄电池的液体电解质，
b)该六边形凹处的尺寸朝向该上边框部件增大，
c)所有六边形凹处的格栅条具有相同的宽度或者相同的横截面，
d)该六边形凹处的格栅条并未水平地延伸或平行于该上边框部件延伸，
e)该六边形凹处的格栅条并未竖直地延伸或垂直于该上边框部件延伸。
本发明具有如下优点，借助于该格栅组件可提供显示了改善的电性能参数的蓄电池。因此，尤其蓄电池的循环稳定性提升。改善的格栅组件也对蓄电池的电压电平、电容和内电阻起到积极作用。
根据特征a)，该格栅组件涂覆有膏状的活性物质，在该活性物质上布置有吸取液体的材料，该材料用于吸收该蓄电池的液体电解质。与该格栅条的六边形布置方案或者说六边形凹处相结合，可提供特别高效的蓄电池，尤其AGM蓄电池，该AGM蓄电池具有这种蓄电池类型的所有优点并且在用铅量更少的情况下具有相对更高的机械负荷性。在此，AGM表示吸附式玻璃纤维棉(AbsorbentGlassMat)。因此，吸取液体的该材料例如可构造成微玻璃纤维分离器或者其他吸附式玻璃纤维棉。
根据特征b)，该六边形凹处的尺寸朝向该上边框部件增大。换言之，布置得远离该上边框部件的六边形凹处小于布置得靠近该上边框部件的六边形凹处。该凹处的尺寸尤其可通过其面积来确定。优点在于，该格栅组件设有的活性物质在对电的需求方面比已知的格栅组件分布地更均匀。因此在靠近该上边框部件的六边形凹处中每个凹处比远离该上边框部件布置的六边形凹处可引入更多活性物质。模拟和试验已得出，该格栅和由此形成的电池电极显示了特别均匀的电性能。
根据特征c)，所有六边形凹处的格栅条具有相同的宽度或相同的横截面。这具有如下优点，促进流过该格栅条的电流的均匀分布。
根据特征d)，该六边形凹处的格栅条并未水平地延伸。也可设置成，该六边形凹处的格栅条不平行于该上边框部件延伸。只要使用如水平地、竖直地、上方、下方、在上方、在下方或者平行、或者垂直那样的术语，这些术语涉及该蓄电池处于根据说明书的正常位置的情况下，该电池电极在该电化学蓄电池中的安装位置。该蓄电池根据说明书的正常位置通常是将该蓄电池的底部水平布置的布置方案。通常在此，该上边框部件同样水平地布置。所提及的特征具有如下的优点，可实现特别有效地将该活性物质引入该凹处中并且可避免或者至少显著减少所谓的“膏状残余”。在将该膏状的活性物质涂抹到该凹处中时，沿该格栅条沿涂抹方向的后侧部上出现膏状残余。
根据特征e)，该六边形凹处的格栅条并未竖直地延伸。也可设置成，该六边形凹处的格栅条不垂直于该上边框部件延伸。这同样具有如下优点，可实现特别有效地将该活性物质引入该凹处中并且可避免或者至少显著减少所谓的“膏状残余”。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，该六边形凹处的格栅条形成该格栅的蜂窝式结构。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，该格栅组件构造成用于正极电池电极的格栅组件。根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，该格栅组件是冲压的铅栅。
该格栅组件至少具有上边框部件。额外地，该格栅组件可具有下边框部件、左侧和右侧边框部件，其中，该上边框部件经由该左侧和该右侧边框部件与该下边框部件相连接。在此，该格栅布置在边框内。由此提供在下部区域中坚固性也提高的格栅组件。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，在两个彼此相连接的格栅条之间的角度的大多数大于90°。这同样促进了将膏状的活性物质引入凹处中。只要在本申请的范围中以°(度数)说明角度，则这涉及360°整圆。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，至少一部分六边形凹处由六个格栅条包围，其中四个格栅条具有相同的长度而两个格栅条具有不同于该四个格栅条的相同的长度。由此可实现拉长的或者“沿长度拉伸”的六边形布置方案。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，具有相同长度的该四个格栅条成对地在连接点处彼此相连接。该这样形成的对经由具有另一长度的该两个格栅条彼此相连接。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，延伸通过连接点的直线具有相对于竖直线从5°至25°、尤其从10°至20°的角度。由此可形成向一侧斜置或者倾斜的六边形格栅类型，这具有如下优点，通过倾斜该格栅条使得其主要朝到该端子接线柱的电流方向取向，进而进一步改善该格栅组件的电特性。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，具有另一长度的两个格栅条的长度朝向上边框部件增加。由此例如可实现权利要求1的特征b)。备选地，凹处的尺寸也可朝向该上边框部件以同样的方式增加，例如通过凹处的面积增加，通过包围所有该凹处的格栅条的长度增加。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，具有相同长度的四个格栅条的长度朝向上边框部件保持不变。换言之，该四个格栅条的长度在该格栅组件的竖直延伸上不改变。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，该六边形凹处的尺寸从起始值(在35-45mm2范围内)朝向上边框部件上升至终值(在53-63mm2范围内)。这具有如下优点，可实现相对小的凹处，这又提高了蓄电池的性能。相对小的凹处有利于减小活性物质固化时其收缩的影响，并且有利于改善活性物质的使用。
开始时提及的目的根据权利要求12通过一种蓄电池来实现，其具有多个组装成一个或多个电极板块的板状电池电极，其中，一个、多个或所有电池电极具有之前说明的类型的格栅组件。
根据本发明的一种有利的改进方案，该蓄电池填充有液体电解质。在电池电极之间布置有吸取液体的材料，该材料吸收液体电解质。吸取液体的该材料可布置在所有电池电极之间，或者在仅若干个电池电极之间。引入例如可将每隔两个电池电极包覆入该吸取液体的材料中。该蓄电池尤其可以是AGM蓄电池。
接下来根据附图所使用的实施例详细阐述本发明。
其中：
图1以分解图示出了蓄电池以及其构件，以及
图2示出了铅栅，以及
图3示出了设有该活性物质的铅栅，以及
图4示出了将设有活性物质的铅栅包覆在分离器中，以及
图5以平面图示出了根据本发明的格栅组件，以及
图6以放大图示出了根据图5的格栅组件的部分。
在图中使用相同的附图标记表示彼此相对应的元件。
根据图1首先示例性地阐述根据本发明的蓄电池100的基本结构。该蓄电池100尤其可构造成具有例如呈硫酸形式的液体电解质的铅酸电池。该蓄电池100具有罩壳110，在罩壳中布置有一个或多个极板块107。该蓄电池100具有相应于其行数而确定的极板块107数量。该极板块107分别布置在罩壳110的各个通过中间壁彼此分隔的容纳室中。在该罩壳110内部，该极板块107通过图1未示出的内连接元件彼此连接成串联电路。该一端侧的极板块的正极板和该另一端侧的极板块的负极板与各自的外联接极108、109电气连接，该外联接极位于蓄电池罩壳110的覆盖件111中。通过该联接极108、109对耗电器提供蓄电池100的电能。
该极板块107分别具有交错的正电极板和负电极板。该负电极板是负极板组115，该正电极板是正极板组114。在该图1还示例性地示出了单个电极板，即具有负极的平面铅栅102的负电极板105和具有正极的平面铅栅101的正电极板104。在图1中示出的该正电极板104和该负电极板105已涂抹有活性物质。该活性物质覆盖该格栅条和该凹处。该正极和/或负极铅栅具有多个格栅条和在该格栅条之间形成的多个窗户状的凹处。该负极和/或负极铅栅101、102例如可通过冲压工艺来制造，或者通过其他方法如铸造和/或轧制来制造。
额外地，该正电极板104经由分离材料106与负电极板105分开。该分离材料106尤其可构造成容纳该正电极板104和分离相对相邻的电极板的包袋形式。该正电极板104具有相应的端子接线片103，经由该端子接线片该电极板在该正极板组114中彼此连接成并联电路。该负电极板105具有相应的端子接线片103，经由该端子接线片该电极板在该负极板组115中彼此连接成并联电路。可通过在图1中可见的钎焊或熔焊到该端子接线片103上的连接件112实现该连接。
该蓄电池100根据图1尤其可具有一个或多个根据本发明的例如呈正电极板104形式的电极板。
图2以平面图示例性地示出了正极铅栅101。可见该铅栅101具有多个格栅条114，在该格栅条之间存在多个窗户状的凹处113。出于更好的手工可操作性和机械稳定性以及改善电特性的原因，该铅栅101在一个、多个或所有接下来提及的边框部件的外缘处可具有：上边框部件115、左侧边框部件119、下边框部件117、右侧边框部件118。
图3示出了图2的已至少部分覆盖有通常呈膏状涂覆的活性物质的该铅栅101。该过程也称作涂抹。该图4示出了根据图3的在插入包袋状的分离器106中的设有该活性物质的该铅栅103。
图5示出了根据本发明构造的格栅组件101，该格栅组件又包括具有上边框部件120、下边框部件117、右侧边框部件118和左侧边框部件119的边框。该格栅113位于由之前提及的边框部件包围的区域内。该格栅113具有分别由格栅条包围的凹处。大多数凹处为六边形，诸如示例性地设有附图标记1、2、3的凹处。格栅113的通过六边形凹处形成的区域几乎可以说终止在到边框部件117、118、119、120的过渡部中。如还可见的那样，该凹处的尺寸B从下方、例如从该凹处1开始朝上边框部件120增加，如通过将该凹处1与该凹处2相比较可见的那样。该凹处以及包围其的格栅条布置成一种蜂窝式结构。在此，该蜂窝式结构并不准确地以一定的格栅条平行于边框117、118、119、120来取向，而是该整体的蜂窝式结构几乎可以说略微向右倾斜的。这在图5中借助于直线G可见，该直线相对于竖直线V倾斜过的倾角(相应于角度a)。
接下来根据图6对上述格栅组件进行阐述，该图示出了该凹处3和包围该凹处的格栅条的放大图作为整体六边形凹处的例子。还可见该直线G，该直线相对于该竖直线V转过角度a。
该凹处3由格栅条11、12、13、14、15、16包围。在此该格栅条11、12、14、15具有相同的长度。该格栅条11、12彼此在上连接点17处相连接，该格栅条14、15彼此在下连接点18处相连接。该直线G延伸通过该连接点17、18。
该格栅条13、16分别具有相同的长度。该格栅条13、16的长度可以与该格栅条11、12、14、15的长度相同，然而在根据本发明的格栅组件中对于各个凹处具有另一长度。尤其在该下边框部件117附近的该格栅条13、16的长度可小于或等于该格栅条11、12、14、15的长度。该格栅条13、16的长度朝该上边框部件120增加并且在该上边框部件120附近等于或者大于该格栅条11、12、14、15的长度。
凹处的尺寸以其面积的形式进行测量，该尺寸例如可从该凹处1的数值(处于35-45mm2的范围内，例如40mm2)向上，即向该上边框部件120增加至该凹处2的数值(处于53-63mm2的范围内，例如58mm2)。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于电化学蓄电池(100)的板状电池电极(104、105)的格栅组件(101、102)，其具有边框(117、118、119、120)和布置在该边框处的格栅(113)，其中所述边框(117、118、119、120)具有至少一个上边框部件(120)，在该上边框部件的背离所述格栅(113)的侧部处布置有所述电池电极(104、105)的端子接线片(103)，并且其中所述格栅(113)具有格栅条(11至16)，所述格栅(113)的凹处(1、2、3)分别被包围，其中，包围所述凹处(1、2、3)的所述格栅条(11至16)的大多数布置成相应的六边形布置方案，从而处于其间的所述凹处(1、2、3)形成六边形，其特征在于，以下特征a)、b)、c)、d)、e)中的至少一个、多个或全部：
a)所述格栅组件(113)涂覆有膏状的活性物质(116)，在该活性物质上布置有吸取液体的材料(106)，该材料用于吸收所述蓄电池(100)的液体电解质，
b)所述六边形凹处(1、2、3)的尺寸朝向所述上边框部件(120)增大，
c)所有六边形凹处(1、2、3)的格栅条具有相同的宽度(B)或者相同的横截面，
d)所述六边形凹处(1、2、3)的格栅条(11至16)并未水平地延伸或平行于所述上边框部件(120)延伸，
e)所述六边形凹处(1、2、3)的格栅条(11至16)并未竖直地延伸或垂直于所述上边框部件(120)延伸。
2.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，所述格栅组件(101、102)构造成用于正极电池电极(104、105)的正极格栅组件。
3.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，所述格栅组件(101、102)是冲压的铅栅。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，所述边框(117、118、119、120)具有所述上边框部件(120)、下边框部件(117)和左侧与右侧边框部件(118、119)，其中，所述上边框部件(120)经由左侧与右侧边框部件(118，119)与所述下边框部件(117)相连接，其中，所述格栅(113)布置在所述边框(117、118、119、120)内。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，在两个彼此相连接的格栅条(11至16)之间的角度(β)的大多数大于90°。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，至少一部分所述六边形凹处(1、2、3)由6个格栅条(11至16)包围，其中，4个格栅条(11、12、14、15)具有相同的长度并且2个格栅条(13、16)具有不同于所述4个格栅条(11、12、14、15)的相同的长度。
7.根据权利要求6所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，具有相同长度的所述4个格栅条(11、12、14、15)分别成对地在连接点(17、18)处彼此相连接，并且由此形成的对经由具有另一长度的所述2个格栅条(13、16)彼此相连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，延伸通过所述连接点(17、18)的直线(G)具有相对于竖直线(V)从5°至25°、尤其从10°至20°的角度(a)。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，具有另一长度的所述2个格栅条(13、16)的长度朝向所述上边框部件(120)增加。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，具有相同长度的所述4个格栅条(11、12、14、15)的长度朝向所述上边框部件(120)保持不变。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅组件，其特征在于，所述六边形凹处(1、2、3)的尺寸从35-45mm2范围内的起始值朝向所述上边框部件(120)上升至53-63mm2范围内的终值。
12.一种蓄电池(100)，其具有多个组装成一个或多个电极板块(107)的板状电池电极(104、105)，其中，一个、多个或所有电池电极(104、105)具有根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的格栅组件(101、102)。
13.根据权利要求12所述的蓄电池，其特征在于，所述蓄电池(100)填充有液体电解质并且在电池电极(104、105)之间布置有吸取液体的材料(106)，该材料吸收液体电解质。
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