CN104517891A - 形成沟槽结构的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 141
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/76—Making of isolation regions between components
- H01L21/762—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers
- H01L21/76224—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using trench refilling with dielectric materials
- H01L21/76237—Dielectric regions, e.g. EPIC dielectric isolation, LOCOS; Trench refilling techniques, SOI technology, use of channel stoppers using trench refilling with dielectric materials introducing impurities in trench side or bottom walls, e.g. for forming channel stoppers or alter isolation behavior
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
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- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
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- H01L21/02164—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material being a silicon oxide, e.g. SiO2
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Abstract
本发明为形成沟槽结构的方法,包括形成一种填充有可流动介电层的浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构,包括实施注入,以在可流动介电层的上部生成通道。该通道使热退火中的氧源能够在将可流动介电层的SiONH网状物转变为SiOH和SiO的网状物的热退火期间到达STI结构的底部附近的可流动介电层。该通道还有助于在用于将SiOH和SiO的网状物转变为SiO2的另一热退火期间,提供用于生成的副产物离开的路径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种形成半导体结构的方法,具体而言,涉及一种形成沟槽结构的方法。
背景技术
诸如浅沟槽隔离件(STI)的沟槽结构用于将半导体晶圆上的有源区域相互分开和隔离。通过在衬底中蚀刻沟槽,利用诸如氧化物的电介质过填充该沟槽,然后去除任何多余的电介质来形成STI。STI帮助将有源区域相互电隔离。
然而,随着电路密度持续增大,STI的沟槽的宽度减小,从而增大了STI沟槽的高宽比。沟槽(或者间隙)的高宽比定义为沟槽高度(或者间隙高度)除以沟槽宽度(或者间隙宽度)。对于先进的技术来说,使用间隙填充介电材料完全填充又窄又深的沟槽变得非常困难。未完全的间隙填充导致不期望的空隙,并且当去除多余电介质期间暴露出该不期望的空隙时,增加了包含不期望缺陷的风险。该空隙还可能导致有源区域之间的隔离不充分。STI中空隙的出现将会影响产量。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题,根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种形成半导体结构的方法,包括:在衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层;对所述可流动介电层实施注入工艺;实施具有氧源的第一热退火;实施第二热退火;以及实施平坦化工艺,以去除所述沟槽外侧的多余的可流动介电层。
在上述方法中,还包括:在沉积所述可流动介电层之后以及实施所述注入工艺之前实施O3固化。
在上述方法中,其中,所述注入工艺注入H原子或者He原子。
在上述方法中,其中,所述注入工艺的注入深度在大约至大约的范围内。
在上述方法中,其中,注入能量在大约6keV至大约25keV的范围内。
在上述方法中,其中,注入深度与所述沟槽的深度的比率在大约1/3至大约1/2的范围内。
在上述方法中,其中,所述注入工艺为所述第一热退火的氧源创建到达所述沟槽的底部附近的所述可流动介电层的通道。
在上述方法中,其中,所述第一热退火的峰值退火温度在大约500℃至大约800℃的范围内,并且所述氧源是蒸汽。
在上述方法中,其中,所述第二热退火的峰值退火温度在大约1000℃至大约1200℃的范围内。
在上述方法中,其中,所述第一热退火和所述第二热退火的总退火时间在大约6小时至大约15小时的范围内。
在上述方法中,其中,用于沉积所述可流动介电层的源气是三硅烷基胺(TSA)。
在上述方法中,其中,通过自由基组分化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺沉积所述可流动介电层。
在上述方法中,其中,沉积而成的所述可流动介电层包括SiONH网状物。
在上述方法中,其中,所述第一热退火和所述第二热退火将沉积而成的所述可流动介电层转变为二氧化硅(SiO2)。
在上述方法中,其中,所述第一热退火和所述第二热退火将沉积而成的所述可流动介电层转变为氧化硅(SiO)。
根据本发明的另一方面,还提供了一种在衬底中形成浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的方法,包括:通过化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺在所述衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层,其中,所述可流动介电层填充所述沟槽且不形成空隙;使用O3固化沉积而成的所述可流动介电层;对所述可流动介电层实施注入工艺,其中,所述注入工艺在所述可流动介电层的顶部生成通道;实施具有氧源的蒸汽热退火;实施干式热退火;以及实施平坦化工艺,以去除所述沟槽外侧的多余的可流动介电层。
在上述方法中,其中,用于沉积所述可流动介电层的源气是三硅烷基胺(TSA),并且通过自由基组分化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺沉积所述可流动介电层。
在上述方法中,其中,所述蒸汽热退火和所述干式热退火将沉积而成的所述可流动介电层中的SiONH网状物转变为二氧化硅(SiO2)。
在上述方法中,其中,所述注入工艺注入H原子或者He原子。
根据本发明的又一方面,还提供了一种在衬底中形成浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的方法,包括:在所述衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层,其中,所述沟槽的高宽比大于大约8,其中,所述可流动介电层填充所述沟槽且不形成空隙;对所述可流动介电层实施注入工艺;实施具有氧源的第一热退火;实施第二热退火;以及实施平坦化工艺,以去除所述沟槽外侧的多余的可流动介电层。
附图说明
将如附图所示参考本发明的实施例来描述本发明。应该理解,这些附图用于示出的目的,因此并非按比例绘制。
图1至图8是根据一些实施例的在各个制造阶段的用于形成浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的连续工艺的横截面图。
具体实施方式
应该理解,以下公开的内容提供了多个不同实施例或者实例以实现不同特征。以下描述了部件和布置的特定实例来简化本发明。当然,这些仅仅是实例而并不旨在进行限定。另外,本发明可以在各个实例中重复参考标号和/或文字。这种重复用于简化和清楚的目的,其本身并不表示所描述的各个实施例和/或结构之间的关系。
随着晶体管尺寸的减小,与形成晶体管相关的各个部件的尺寸也随之减小。这种部件之一是形成在有源区域之间的用于提供隔离的浅沟槽隔离件(STI)。如所述,因为STI的开口变小而深度未变小,所以部件尺寸的减小导致了高宽比的增大。用于填充具有较小高宽比的STI的技术无法用于充分填充先进技术中的具有较大高宽比的STI。在多个化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺中,将含硅前体和含氧气体与等离子体共同使用以在衬底表面上直接形成氧化硅。这些等离子基CVD工艺以沉积的方式形成氧化硅,然而,它们对具有较大高宽比的结构会填充不良。
一种改进填充的可选方式涉及使用可流动介电材料替代传统的沉积的氧化硅。顾名思义,可流动介电材料可以在沉积以填充间隙中的空隙的过程中“流动”。通常,可以在含硅前体中加入各种化学物质以实现沉积膜的流动。在一些实施例中,可以加入氮氢键。可流动电介质前体的实例(特别是可流动的氧化硅前体)包括硅酸盐、硅氧烷、甲基倍半硅氧烷(MSQ)、氢硅倍半氧烷(HSQ)、MSQ/HSQ、全氢硅氮烷(TCPS)、全氢聚硅氮烷(PSZ)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)或者硅烷胺,诸如三硅烷基胺(TSA)。这些可流动的氧化硅材料在多步操作工艺中形成。在沉积可流动膜之后,固化该可流动膜,然后进行退火以去除不期望的元件以形成氧化硅。当去除不期望元件之后,可流动膜致密化并发生收缩。在一些实施例中,实施多个退火工艺。固化和退火可以导致沟槽侧壁氧化并且将隔离区域变宽。另外,在延长的时间(诸如总共30小时或者更长的时间)内将可流动膜在高温(诸如大约1000℃至大约1200℃)下多次固化和退火。固化和退火有效地降低了用于剩余半导体制造工艺的热预算。另外,对于先进技术的器件而言,可能无法接受在高退火温度下的长期退火循环。因此,亟需改进出用于形成STI结构的不同方法。
图1至图8是根据一些实施例的在衬底50中形成STI结构200的各个阶段的截面图。图1示出了形成在衬底50中的沟槽100。沟槽的形成包括图案化衬底及蚀刻衬底的多个操作。衬底50可以是体硅(掺杂或者未掺杂)或者绝缘体上硅(SOI)衬底的有源层。通常,SOI衬底包括半导体材料的有源层,半导体材料诸如硅、锗、硅锗、绝缘体上硅锗(SGOI)或者它们的组合。可以使用的其他衬底包括多层衬底、梯度衬底或者混合取向衬底。
图1还示出了在一些实施例中的形成在衬底50的顶面110上方的图案化硬掩模层102和该图案化硬掩模层102下面的保护层101。保护层101保护顶面110免于与硬掩模层102直接接触。例如,如果衬底50紧挨着沟槽100的部分由硅制成,则保护层101保护有源区域120。有源区域120用于在STI结构(200)形成之后形成器件(诸如晶体管、电阻器等)。根据将要形成的器件,有源区域120可以包含根据设计需要决定的n阱或者p阱。
在一些实施例中,保护层101由热氧化物制成。保护层101的厚度在大约20nm至大约100nm的范围内。硬掩模层102有助于在蚀刻沟槽100期间保持图案的完整性。在一些实施例中,硬掩模层102在去除填充沟槽100的多余可流动电介质膜期间用作平坦化停止层。在一些实施例中,硬掩模层102由SiN制成。然而,还可以使用其他材料,诸如SiON、碳化硅或者它们的组合。硬掩模层102的厚度在大约200nm至大约1200nm的范围内。硬掩模层102可以由诸如化学汽相沉积(CVD)、等离子体增强化学汽相沉积(PECVD)或者低压化学汽相沉积(LPCVD)的工艺形成。可选地,硬掩模层102通过首先制成为氧化硅,然后再通过氮化转化为SiN的方式制成。一旦形成,通过合适的光刻和蚀刻工艺将硬掩模102和保护层101图案化,以在表面110的上方形成用于沟槽100的开口。
为了在衬底50中形成沟槽100,通过诸如反应离子刻蚀(RIE)的蚀刻工艺去除衬底50通过开口暴露的部分。沟槽100将衬底50的顶面110附近的有源区域120分隔开。沟槽100具有侧壁112和底面114。在一些实施例中,沟槽100的宽度W1在大约20nm至大约100nm的范围内。在一些实施例中,沟槽100的深度D1在大约50nm至大约350nm的范围内。
在一些实施例中,沟槽100的高宽比(沟槽深度D1(在本文有时称为沟槽高度)除以沟槽宽度W1)大于大约8或者大于10。
参照图2,根据一些实施例,依次沉积氧化硅衬垫121和硅衬垫122来作为沟槽100的内衬。氧化硅衬垫121和硅衬垫122沉积在侧壁112和底面114上。在一些实施例中,在沟槽100的硅壁上热生长氧化硅衬垫121。衬底在高温下暴露于含氧环境并且暴露于氧的表面转化为氧化硅。在一些实施例中,含氧环境包括蒸气。氧化硅衬垫121可以包括位于热生长氧化硅层上方的额外的一层或者多层。在一些实施例中,可以使用等离子体增强原子层沉积(PEALD)沉积额外的氧化硅层。根据各个实施例,形成氧化硅衬垫121以保护氧化硅衬垫121下方的硅衬底50免受随后的氧化的影响。诸如热氧化物膜的致密氧化硅膜用于在随后工艺中保护下方的硅衬底50免受化学氧化的影响。为了最小化将填充的已经具有较高高宽比的沟槽的高宽比的增量,氧化硅衬垫121相对较薄,大约是数十至上百埃在一些实施例中,氧化硅衬垫121的厚度在大约2nm至大约50nm的范围内。
参照图2,硅衬垫层122沉积在氧化硅衬垫121上方。硅衬垫层122在可流动电介质膜的热退火(将在以下描述)期间提供应力释放。在一些实施例中,硅衬垫层122是非晶硅或者多晶硅。硅衬垫层122的厚度在大约至大约的范围内。硅衬垫层122可以在包含Si2H6、SiH4、Si3H8、SiCl2H2、SiCl3H或者它们的组合的气体环境中通过使用熔炉系统来形成。在一些实施例中,Si2H6的流量在大约10标准立方厘米每分钟(sccm)至大约1000sccm的范围内。在一些实施例中,形成硅衬垫层122的温度在大约200℃至大约600℃的范围内。在一些实施例中,形成硅衬垫层122的压力范围在大约10mTorr至大约10Torr的范围内。可选地,硅衬垫层122可以通过使用能够形成共型硅层的沉积技术来形成,这些技术诸如在包含Si3H8、SiH4、SiCl2H2、SiCl3H或者它们的组合的气体环境中的低温化学汽相沉积工艺(CVD)。
在一些实施例中,气体环境还包含诸如H2的载气。载气有助于更好地控制处理均匀性。在一些实施例中,Si3H8的流量在大约10标准立方厘米每分钟(sccm)至大约1000sccm的范围内,H2的流量在大约5标准升每分钟(slm)至大约50slm。在一些实施例中,在化学沉积工艺中形成硅衬垫层122的温度在大约250℃至550℃的范围内。
参照图3,在沉积硅衬垫层122之后,将可流动介电材料过填充沟槽100和硬掩模层102以形成可流动介电层115。通过使用旋涂电介质(SOD)形成工艺,或者通过利用诸如自由基组分CVD(radical-component CVD)的化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺沉积可流动电介质来形成可流动介电层115。可流动氧化硅前体的实例包括硅酸盐、硅氧烷、甲基倍半硅氧烷(MSQ)、氢硅倍半氧烷(HSQ)、MSQ/HSQ、全氢硅氮烷(TCPS)(perhydrosilazane)、全氢聚硅氮烷(PSZ)(perhydro-polysilazane)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)或者硅烷胺(SA)。
在一些实施例中,通过使用含硅前体与另一前体(诸如通过等离子体生成的“氮自由基”前体)的反应来沉积可流动介电层115。在一些实施例中,含硅前体不含碳并且包括硅烷胺,诸如H2N(SiH3)、HN(SiH3)2、N(SiH3)3或者它们的组合。硅烷胺可以与可用作载气和/或反应气体的其他气体相混合。其他气体的实例可以包括H2、N2、NH3、He和Ar等等。硅烷胺还可以与其他不含碳的含硅气体混合,诸如硅烷(SiH4)和乙硅烷(Si2H6)、氢(例如,H2)和/或氮(例如,N2、NH3)。
氮可以包含在自由基前体和/或含硅前体中。当自由基前体中存在氮时,该自由基前体可以称为氮自由基前体。氮自由基前体包括通过激发等离子体中的更稳定的含氮前体而形成的等离子体流出物(plasma effluents)。例如,可以在室内等离子体区域或加工室外部的远程等离子体系统(RPS)中激活含有NH3和/或肼(N2H4)的相对稳定的含氮前体,以形成氮自由基前体,然后将该氮自由基前体传送到不含等离子体的衬底处理区域中。稳定的氮前体还可以是包含NH3、N2和H2的组合的混合物。
氮自由基前体还可以伴有诸如氩、氦等的载气。可以同时将氧(以O2和/或O3的形式)传送至远程等离子体区域内,以调节用于形成以本技术沉积的可流动介电层115的氮自由基前体中的含氧量。
可以在衬底温度保持在相对较低温度时进行可流动介电层115的沉积。在一些实施例中,在由沉积期间冷却衬底保持的较低的温度下,在衬底表面上沉积可流动介电层115。在一些实施例中,在大约-40℃至大约200℃的温度范围内实施沉积。在一些实施例中,在低于大约100℃的温度下实施沉积。
在一些实施例中,沉积压力在从大约100mTorr至大约10Torr的范围内。在一些实施例中,反应源使用包含三硅烷基胺(Si3H9N或者TSA)和NH3的气体环境。在一个实施例中,Si3H9N的流量在大约100sccm至大约1000sccm的范围内,NH3的流量在大约100sccm至大约2000sccm的范围内。这个特定介电膜可以由系统(加利福尼亚的圣克拉拉的应用材料公司提供)形成。在美国专利第8,318,584号中描述了通过上述自由基组分CVD工艺沉积可流动介电层115的示例性细节。
沉积而成的可流动介电层115能够填充又窄又深的间隙,并且防止在STI结构100中产生空隙和中断。沉积而成的可流动介电层115包含SiOANBHC(或者SiONH)的可流动网状物。在一些实施例中,A是在大约0.8至大约2的范围内的数字,B是在大约0.01至大约1的范围内的数字,而C是在大约0.01至大约1的范围内的数字。在一些实施例中,硬掩模层102上方的可流动介电层115的厚度在大约至大约的范围内。
根据一些实施例,如图4所示,在沉积可流动介电层115之后,对沉积而成的可流动介电层115实施原位固化工艺130。原位意味着在用于沉积可流动介电层115的加工室中实施固化工艺130。在一些实施例中,在不同室中(或者非原位)实施固化工艺130。
在一些实施例中,使用流量在大约100sccm至大约5000sccm的范围内的O3(臭氧)或者使用流量在大约100sccm至大约5000sccm的范围内的蒸汽实施固化工艺130。在一些实施例中,固化工艺130的温度在大约10℃至大约500℃的范围内。可选地,在固化工艺期间使用蒸汽代替O3。在一些实施例中,固化工艺130的压力范围在大约1Torr至大约760Torr。根据一些实施例,固化工艺130的持续时间在大约10秒至大约2小时的范围内。固化工艺130增加了由SiOANBHC(或者SiONH)的网状物制成的沉积而成的可流动介电层115的含氧量,特别是沉积而成的可流动介电层115的靠近表面的部分。
如上所述,固化工艺130增加了沉积而成的可流动介电层115的含氧量。靠近表面的可流动介电层115相比于靠近沟槽100底部的可流动介电层115更加暴露于O3。图4示出了靠近表面的示例性SiONH网状物(I)和靠近沟槽(100)底部的另一示例性SiONH网状物(II)。靠近表面的SiONH网状物比靠近底部的SiONH网状物含有更多氧(或者O)。固化的可流动介电层115包括氮氢键,且固化的可流动介电层115比氧化硅膜的致密性低。
为了将SiONH网状物转变为SiO(或者SiO2)网状物,需要额外的热退火。可以在从大约200℃至大约1100℃的范围内的温度下实施热退火。可以提供氧源(诸如蒸气)来帮助将SiONH网状物转变为SiO网状物。然而,如果在O3固化之后立即应用利用蒸汽的热退火,则由于表面非常接近于氧源而将在表面上形成一层包含大部分SiO网状物的致密介电层。在一些实施例中,这种致密表面层的厚度在从大约至大约的范围内。可流动介电层115的表面上的这种致密介电层将会阻挡氧源(诸如蒸汽)渗透或者扩散穿过致密的顶层到达下面的未转变的SiONH网状物。因此,对于制造目的来说,SiONH网状物至SiO网状物的转变可能不发生或者发生得非常慢。
为了解决这个问题,根据一些实施例,如图5所示,实施注入工艺140建立通道以使氧源到达表面下的SiONH网状物。注入元素可以包括H、He、Si、O或者N。部分衬底50未被硬掩模层102覆盖并且不是STI结构。在注入工艺140期间,衬底50的这些部分暴露于注入源。H和He原子较小,并且不会对未覆盖硅衬底50的这些部分造成损坏。相反,Si、O和N原子较重并且可能对暴露的硅衬底50造成损坏。如果选择这些之一用作注入源,则可能需要诸如光刻胶层的保护掩模。
表I根据一些实施例比较了用于固化的可流动介电层(类似于上述层115)的注入物种类、注入能量和所达到的注入深度。表I中的数据示出,在到达相同深度的条件下,更重的元素需要更高的注入能量。例如,为了到达的注入深度,H原子将需要大约20keV的注入能量,He原子将需要大约25keV的注入能量,并且N原子将需要大约100keV的注入能量。在一些实施例中,H或者He用作注入元素,并且注入能量在大约6keV至大约25keV的范围内。在一些实施例中,注入深度D2在大约至大约的范围内。在一些实施例中,注入浓度在从大约1E13原子/立方厘米至大约5E15原子/立方厘米的范围内。在一些实施例中,沟槽的注入深度D2与注入深度D1的比率R至少为1/3。在一些实施例中,比率R在大约1/3至大约2/3的范围内。在一些实施例中,比率R在大约1/3至大约1/2的范围内。
表I可流动介电膜的注入物种类、注入深度和注入能量
根据一些实施例,如图5所示,注入工艺在固化可流动介电层115的表面部分形成微型通道(或者沟道)109。沟道109使得后续热退火的氧源到达接近沟槽100底部的SiONH。通道109还使得热退火的副产物能够从可流动介电层115离开到周围环境。
根据一些实施例,如图6所示,在如上所述实施注入工艺140之后,衬底会经历蒸汽热退火工艺150。蒸汽(H2O)渗透穿过由注入形成的通道109以到达SiONH网状物并且将该SiONH网状物转变为SiOH和SiO网状物。如图6所示,转变的副产物(诸如NH3、N2、N2O等等)还可以通过通道109到达可流动介电层115的表面。
在一些实施例中,在熔炉中实施蒸汽热退火150。在一些实施例中,在在大约150℃至大约800℃的温度范围内实施退火工艺150。退火工艺150开始于大约150℃,然后将温度递升至在大约500℃至大约800℃的预定温度。退火工艺150的压力在大约500Torr至大约800Torr的范围内。蒸汽的流量在大约1slm至大约20slm的范围内。蒸汽热退火工艺150的持续期间在大约20分钟至大约2小时的范围内。蒸汽退火工艺150将可流动介电层中的SiONH网状物转变为SiOH和SiO的网状物。图6示出了蒸汽热退火工艺150结束时可流动介电层115中的示例性SiOH和SiO网状物(III)。
蒸汽热退火工艺150导致可流动介电层115的收缩。蒸汽热退火工艺150的持续时间和温度影响了收缩量。
根据一些实施例中,如图7所示,在上文所描述的蒸汽热退火工艺之后,实施“干式”(不包含蒸汽)热退火工艺160以将SiOH和SiO网状物转变为SiO(或者SiO2)网状物。在干式热退火工艺160期间,没有使用蒸汽。在一些实施例中,在干式热退火工艺160期间使用惰性气体,诸如N2。在一些实施例中,干式退火的峰值退火温度在大约1000℃至大约1200℃的范围内。在一些实施例中,在熔炉中实施热退火。热退火的压力在大约500Torr至大约800Torr的范围内。用于干式热退火工艺的气体可以包括惰性气体,诸如N2、Ar、He或者它们的组合。干式热退火工艺的持续时间在大约30分钟至大约3小时的范围内。干式退火工艺160将可流动介电层中的SiOH和SiO的网状物转变为SiO(或者SiO2)的网状物。如上文所述,通道109还使退火的副产物能够离开。图7示出了干式退火工艺160结束时可流动介电层115中的示例性SiO网状物(IV)。
干式热退火工艺160还可以导致可流动介电层115进一步收缩。干式热退火工艺160的持续时间和温度影响了收缩量。
蒸汽和干式退火还将固化的可流动介电层115周围的硅衬垫层122转变为氧化硅层,从而不会由于固化的可流动介电层115的转变和致密化而在STI结构的底部形成空隙或者低密度区域。
蒸汽退火工艺150和干式热退火工艺160导致可流动介电层115的收缩。在一些实施例中,可流动介电层115的体积收缩大约5%至大约20%。退火工艺(150和160)的持续时间影响了收缩量。
根据一些实施例,如图8中所示,在干式热退火工艺之后,可流动介电层115完全转变为SiO2,实施平坦化工艺170来去除沟槽(100)外侧的可流动介电层115。在一些实施例中,平坦化工艺170是化学机械抛光(CMP)工艺。在一些实施例中,平坦化工艺170去除了沟槽100外侧的可流动介电层115。在一些实施例中,平坦化工艺170还去除了硬掩模层102和保护层101。在一些其他实施例中,平坦化工艺170去除了硬掩模层102;然而,通过蚀刻工艺去除保护层101。
在去除沟槽(100)外侧的多余可流动介电层115、硬掩模层102和保护层101之后,形成STI结构200。干式热退火工艺160结束时在注入工艺140期间形成的通道109消失。
由于应用注入工艺140在固化的可流动介电层115中形成了通道109,因此,相比于上述没有应用注入工艺的制造工艺的30小时以上的退火时间,蒸汽退火工艺150和干式退火工艺160的总持续时间大大减少。在一些实施例中,该总退火持续时间(蒸汽退火工艺150+干式退火工艺160)在大约6小时至大约15小时的范围内。该总持续时间包括熔炉的递升时间和递降时间。在不应用注入工艺140以形成使蒸汽到达沟槽100的底部附近的可流动介电层115的通道109的情况下,因为退火工艺150和160在表面附近形成致密的介电层,所以可能需要在平坦化工艺170之后应用额外的退火工艺。平坦化工艺170将去除致密的介电层,并且需要额外的退火工艺将暴露的可流动介电层115转变为完全的SiO(或者SiO2)网状物。注入工艺140不再需要在平坦化工艺170之后的额外的退火工艺。通过上述工艺所缩短的退火持续时间减少了STI工艺所使用的热预算,这使得STI的制造工艺能够扩展到未来和更加先进的技术代。在更加先进的技术中,相比于现有制造技术,用于形成的热预算可以进一步降低。
尽管上述实施例描述了使用注入形成用于氧源的通道以到达表面下方的SiONH网状物,然而还可以使用其他方法来形成通道。例如,还可以使用等离子体处理或者激光束来形成类似通道。
本发明提供了用于形成填充有可流动介电层的浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的方法的实施例。该方法包括实施注入以在可流动介电层的上部生成通道。该通道使热退火中的氧源能够在用于将可流动介电层的SiONH网状物转变为SiOH和SiO的网状物的热退火期间到达STI结构的底部附近的可流动介电层。该通道还有助于在为将SiOH和SiO的网状物转变为SiO2的另一热退火期间,提供用于产生的副产物离开的路径。
在一些实施例中,提供了一种形成半导体结构的方法。该方法包括在衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层,并且对该可流动介电层实施注入工艺。该方法还包括实施具有氧源的第一热退火,并且实施第二热退火。该方法还包括实施平坦化工艺,以去除该沟槽外侧的多余可流动介电层。
在一些其他实施例中,提供了一种在衬底中形成浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的方法。该方法包括通过化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺在该衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层,其中,该可流动介电层填充该沟槽且没有形成空隙。该方法还包括使用O3固化沉积而成的可流动介电层,并且对该可流动介电层实施注入工艺。该注入工艺在该可流动介电层的顶部中生成通道。该方法还包括使用氧源实施蒸汽热退火,以及实施干式热退火。另外,方法包括实施平坦化工艺,以去除该沟槽外侧的多余的可流动介电层。
在另外的一些其他实施例中,提供了一种在衬底中形成浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的方法。该方法包括在该衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层,其中,该沟槽的高宽比大于大约8。该可流动介电层填充该沟槽且没有形成空隙。该方法还包括在该可流动介电层上实施注入工艺,并且实施具有氧源的第一热退火。该方法还包括实施第二热退火,以及实施平坦化工艺,以去除该沟槽外侧的多余可流动介电层。
尽管上述实施例对于浅沟槽隔离进行了描述,然而,本领域普通技术人员将了解,本发明可以应用至其他期望以高质量电介质填充沟槽或者间隙的结构,特别是具有较高高宽比的沟槽或者间隙。
尽管已经详细地描述了本发明及其优势,但应该理解,可以在不背离所附权利要求限定的本发明主旨和范围的情况下,做各种不同的改变,替换和更改。而且,本申请的范围并不仅限于本说明书中描述的工艺、机器、制造、材料组分、装置、方法和步骤的特定实施例。作为本领域普通技术人员应理解,通过本发明,现有的或今后开发的用于执行与根据本发明所采用的所述相应实施例基本相同的功能或获得基本相同结果的工艺、机器、制造,材料组分、装置、方法或步骤根据本发明可以被使用。因此,所附权利要求应该包括在这样的工艺、机器、制造、材料组分、装置、方法或步骤的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种形成半导体结构的方法,包括:
在衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层;
对所述可流动介电层实施注入工艺;
实施具有氧源的第一热退火;
实施第二热退火;以及
实施平坦化工艺,以去除所述沟槽外侧的多余的可流动介电层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
在沉积所述可流动介电层之后以及实施所述注入工艺之前实施O3固化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述注入工艺注入H原子或者He原子。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述注入工艺的注入深度在大约至大约的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,注入能量在大约6keV至大约25keV的范围内。
6.一种在衬底中形成浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的方法,包括:
通过化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺在所述衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层,其中,所述可流动介电层填充所述沟槽且不形成空隙;
使用O3固化沉积而成的所述可流动介电层;
对所述可流动介电层实施注入工艺,其中,所述注入工艺在所述可流动介电层的顶部生成通道;
实施具有氧源的蒸汽热退火;
实施干式热退火;以及
实施平坦化工艺,以去除所述沟槽外侧的多余的可流动介电层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,用于沉积所述可流动介电层的源气是三硅烷基胺(TSA),并且通过自由基组分化学汽相沉积(CVD)工艺沉积所述可流动介电层。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述蒸汽热退火和所述干式热退火将沉积而成的所述可流动介电层中的SiONH网状物转变为二氧化硅(SiO2)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,所述注入工艺注入H原子或者He原子。
10.一种在衬底中形成浅沟槽隔离(STI)结构的方法,包括:
在所述衬底的沟槽中沉积可流动介电层,其中,所述沟槽的高宽比大于大约8,其中,所述可流动介电层填充所述沟槽且不形成空隙;
对所述可流动介电层实施注入工艺;
实施具有氧源的第一热退火;
实施第二热退火;以及
实施平坦化工艺,以去除所述沟槽外侧的多余的可流动介电层。
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