CN103124584B - 高尔夫球和制造高尔夫球的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了高尔夫球和制造高尔夫球的方法。在一个实施方式中，制造高尔夫球的方法包括在高尔夫球的至少一个中间层上模塑由热塑性树脂制成的壳；使包括异氰酸酯化合物和共反应物化合物的异氰酸酯溶液渗透到所述壳的外部部分中；和使催化剂渗透到所述壳的外部部分中。所述催化剂催化所述异氰酸酯化合物和所述共反应物化合物之间的反应以形成反应产物。所述共反应物化合物可为第二异氰酸酯化合物，所述催化剂可为季铵盐，且所述反应产物可为异氰脲酸酯。所述反应产物调整所述外部部分的至少一种物理性质，使得所述外部部分的所述物理性质不同于内部部分的物理性质。被调整的物理性质可为显微压入硬度，其中所述外部部分的显微压入硬度大于所述壳的内部部分的显微压入硬度。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年7月21日提交的美国临时申请No.61/366183和2010年8月2日提交的美国临时申请No.61/370096的权益，将其全部引入作为参考，好像在本文中完全阐述一样。
技术领域和背景技术
本发明涉及高尔夫球和制造高尔夫球的方法。高尔夫球的物理性质、组成和设计决定了其在运动中的性能特性，包括距离、击球高度(loft)、飞行对称性、旋转和耐用性。鉴于用于进行不同类型的击球的不同的高尔夫球杆，可构造高尔夫球，使得加强和/或削弱一些性能特性以执行这样的击球。
例如，可根据期望击球的距离和用于进行这样的击球的球杆将高尔夫球构造为加强或削弱所述球的旋转特性。对于其中使用发球杆、木杆和长铁杆的长距离击球，高速旋转通常是不合乎需要的。高速旋转可增加上升高度(lift)，其可导致距离的损失。相反，对于中等至短距离击球，高速旋转(约5000至12000rpm)可为合乎需要的。高速旋转可改善在飞行期间的控制和当球撞击果岭(green)时的停止力(“抓取”)。球具有对于长距离击球的低速旋转和对于中等至短距离击球的高速旋转的特性可称作旋转分离(spinseparation)。具有软壳(低挠性模量和低硬度)以及硬的中间层的多层高尔夫球提供良好的旋转分离。
但是，软壳易于发生聚合物的“塑性变形(磨损，scuff)”或剪切屈服，这损害球的完整性和性能。用于进行中等至短距离击球的铁杆和沙杆(wedge)具有这样的杆面，该杆面拥有当参照地面测量时的大的杆面倾角，其中0度为球杆杆面垂直于地面，和90度为球杆杆面平行于地面。大角度的杆面在杆面击打球时赋予球的壳相对高的剪切力。这些剪切力高到足以使壳的聚合物材料剪切屈服或“塑性变形”。高程度的塑性变形使得球不适合用于运动。其还可使得在塑性变形发生时在击球期间旋转速率下降，由此赋予高尔夫球的不一致的旋转特性。因此，构造这样的高尔夫球壳是合乎需要的：其是柔软的以用于具有良好的旋转分离的多层高尔夫球中但是不太容易剪切屈服或发生塑性变形。
一种尝试的方案描述于美国专利No.6,458,307和6,729,975中。这些专利公开了通过如下使由热塑性树脂制成的高尔夫球壳的表面硬化：容许多异氰酸酯化合物渗透到所述壳的表面中并引起所述多异氰酸酯化合物与所述热塑性树脂中包含的活性氢基团之间的反应以形成许多氨基甲酸酯键和脲键以将所述热塑性树脂交联。但是，塑性变形仍是问题。
发明内容
在一个实施方式中，多层高尔夫球包括芯、至少一个中间层、和壳。所述壳可由热塑性树脂制成且包括外部部分和内部部分。所述壳的外部部分包括碳二亚胺、异氰酸酯二聚体、异氰酸酯三聚体、多异氰脲酸酯(聚异氰脲酸酯，polyisocyanurate)、脲酮亚胺(uretoimine)和唑烷酮中的至少一种和所述热塑性树脂的互穿聚合物网络。所述内部部分基本上不含所述互穿聚合物网络。所述壳的外部部分具有比所述壳的内部部分的显微压入硬度(microindentationhardness)大的显微压入硬度。
在一个实施方式中，多层高尔夫球包括芯、至少一个中间层、和壳。所述壳可由热塑性树脂制成且包括外部部分和内部部分。所述外部部分可包括异氰酸酯化合物与具有非活性氢基团的共反应物化合物的反应产物和所述热塑性树脂，所述异氰酸酯化合物已在催化剂的存在下与所述共反应物化合物的所述非活性氢基团反应以形成所述反应产物。
在一个实施方式中，制造高尔夫球的方法包括在高尔夫球的至少一个中间层上模塑热塑性树脂制成的壳；使包括异氰酸酯化合物、共反应物化合物和催化剂的异氰酸酯溶液渗透到所述壳的外部部分中。所述催化剂催化所述异氰酸酯化合物和所述共反应物化合物之间的反应以形成反应产物。所述共反应物化合物可为第二异氰酸酯化合物，所述催化剂可为季铵盐，和所述反应产物可为异氰脲酸酯。所述反应产物调整(modify)所述外部部分的至少一种物理性质，使得所述外部部分的所述物理性质不同于所述内部部分的所述物理性质。被调整的物理性质可为显微压入硬度，其中所述外部部分的显微压入硬度大于所述壳的内部部分的显微压入硬度。
附图说明
图1图示了多层高尔夫球的剖视图；
图2图示了多层高尔夫球的横截面图的一部分；和
图3图示了本发明的多层高尔夫球的实施方式的横截面图的一部分。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施方式可用于例如改善多层高尔夫球的性能。如本文中所使用的，术语多层高尔夫球指的是由至少两层构造的高尔夫球，且可包括例如双层式、三层式和四层式高尔夫球。参照图1至3，三层式多层高尔夫球的例子可包括芯2、中间层3和壳4。壳4可包括在其上模塑的微凹5。多层高尔夫球和所述球的相应的单独的层可通过本领域普通技术人员已知的任何合适的材料和方法制造，包括描述于例如美国专利7,491,878中的那些。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，用异氰酸酯溶液渗透具有由热塑性树脂例如热塑性聚氨酯形成的壳的高尔夫球。所述溶液可包括异氰酸酯化合物、共反应物化合物和催化剂。所述共反应物可包括至少一个非活性氢基团。非活性氢基团是化合物上的在反应期间典型地不是不稳定的或可交换的氢基团。所述共反应物化合物可例如为第二异氰酸酯化合物、碳二亚胺和环氧化物中的至少一种。
异氰酸酯是异氰酸(H-N=C=O)的衍生物。异氰酸酯(-N=C=O)基团的官能性是对于携带质子的亲核试剂(例如伯羟基和伯胺化合物)高度活泼的，且异氰酸酯的反应通常以向碳氮键的加成进行。异氰酸酯的反应落入两个主要类别：
1.活性氢反应；和
2.非活性氢反应。
活性氢是例如如下的活性氢：连接至羟基(-OH)、胺基(-NH2)和水(HOH)分子的活性氢。聚氨酯化学是基于异氰酸酯与含活性氢的化合物的反应。异氰酸酯是具有一个或多个高度反应性的异氰酸酯基团(-N=C=O)的化合物。该基团容易地与连接至比碳的电负性强的原子的氢原子反应。异氰酸酯基团的反应性可通过考虑在下图中所示的共振可能性进行解释。
预计电子密度在氧原子上最大且在碳原子上最小。这导致氧原子具有最大的净负电荷、碳具有净正电荷、且氮具有中间净负电荷。
不携带质子的亲核试剂(非活性氢)例如其它异氰酸酯，将在催化剂的帮助下反应。例如，在三聚作用催化剂的存在下，一个异氰酸酯的氮原子将与第二异氰酸酯的碳原子反应，且第三异氰酸酯的氮原子将随后与第一异氰酸酯的碳原子反应。这形成异氰脲酸酯环。不存在氢到异氰酸酯基团的氮原子的亲核加成。所形成的异氰脲酸酯分子是非常热稳定的。
在一个实施方式中，可使异氰酸酯溶液渗透通过壳4的表面并进入到壳4的热塑性树脂中至比壳4的整个厚度小的深度。在壳4的表面与容许所述溶液渗透的深度之间的部分可称作壳4的外部部分7。在一个实施方式中，外部部分7具有约0.1mm至1.0mm的厚度。在另一实施方式中，容许所述溶液渗透至约15至20密耳的深度。所述渗透可使所述异氰酸酯化合物、共反应物和催化剂扩散通过在壳4的外部部分7中的热塑性树脂的网络。所述溶液未渗透到其中的所述壳的部分可称作壳4的内部部分8。如本文中使用的那些术语的壳4的外部部分7和内部部分8的例子图示于图3中。
所述催化剂可催化所述异氰酸酯化合物和所述共反应化合物之间的反应以形成反应产物。在一个实施方式中，所述催化剂可为氧化膦、吡啶、碱金属皂(alkalisoap)、季铵盐、强碱、有机锑碘化物、乙酰丙酮锌和苯甲酰氯中的至少一种。所述催化剂可催化所述异氰酸酯化合物和所述共反应物化合物的非活性氢基团之间的反应以形成反应产物。所述反应产物可为例如碳二亚胺、异氰酸酯二聚体、异氰酸酯三聚体、多异氰脲酸酯、脲酮亚胺和唑烷酮中的至少一种。在催化剂的存在下异氰酸酯化合物和共反应物化合物之间形成反应产物的示例性的典型反应包括在表1中。
表1
图3图示了壳4的外部部分7中的反应产物6的例子。在图3中图示的例子中，在壳4的表面附近显示出较高浓度的反应产物以在外部部分7中形成反应产物的梯度。在一个实施方式中，反应产物渗透到所述壳中至约15至20密耳的深度，由此形成所述壳的具有约15至20密耳厚度的外部部分7。所述壳的内部部分7可基本上不含所述反应产物。对本申请而言，基本不含指的是最小量或不足以影响材料的物理性质或球的性能特性的量。
所述异氰酸酯化合物和所述共反应物之间的反应可在外部部分7中的热塑性树脂的网络中发生，并在壳4的外部部分7中形成反应产物和热塑性树脂的互穿聚合物网络。如本文中所使用的互穿聚合物网络(IPN)指的是这样的聚合物材料：其包括在聚合物水平上至少部分地交织但彼此不共价键合、并且除非化学键被破坏才能分离的两种或更多种网络。此外，壳4的内部部分8可基本上不含热塑性树脂和反应产物的IPN。
所述反应产物和/或热塑性树脂和反应产物的IPN可导致壳的外部部分的至少一种物理性质的改变。例如，所述反应产物和/或IPN可提高壳4的外部部分7的硬度，使得外部部分7的硬度大于内部部分8的硬度。硬度可通过例如根据维氏(Vickers)硬度测试(HV)或努氏(Knoop)硬度测试(HK)的显微压入硬度测试而确定。外部部分7的增加的硬度可例如改善高尔夫球的抗剪切性和旋转分离性质。
适用于本发明的目的的示例性异氰酸酯化合物包括：甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)/2,4-二异氰酸酯基-1-甲基苯；甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)/2,6-二异氰酸酯基-1-甲基苯；甲苯2,4和甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯的65:35的混合物(TDI-65/35)；甲苯2,4和甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯的80:20的混合物(TDI-80/20)；4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)/1,1'-亚甲基双(4-异氰酸酯基苯)；2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)/1-异氰酸酯基-2-(4-异氰酸酯基苯基)甲基苯；2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)/1,1'-亚甲基双(2-异氰酸酯基苯)；六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)/1,6-二异氰酸酯基己烷；异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)/5-异氰酸酯基-1-(异氰酸酯基甲基)-1,3,3-三甲基环己烷；间-四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(m-TMXDI)/1,3-双(1-异氰酸酯基-1-甲基乙基)苯；二环己基甲烷4,4'-二异氰酸酯(HMDI)/1,1'-亚甲基双(4-异氰酸酯基环己烷)；三苯基甲烷-4,4',4''-三异氰酸酯/1,1',1''-亚甲基三(4-异氰酸酯基苯)；萘1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)/1,5-二异氰酸酯基萘；对-亚苯基二异氰酸酯(PPDI)/1,4-二异氰酸酯基苯。可用的二异氰酸酯的例子是由BayerCorporation.制造的MONDURMRLIGHT。
适合用于本发明的目的的示例性催化剂如下。氧化膦的例子是甲氟膦酸异丙酯。示例性的吡啶为吡啶-N-氧化物。示例性的碱金属皂包括水杨酸锂。示例性的季铵盐包括可从AirProductsandChemicalsInc.以商品名DABCOTMR、DABCO-TMR-2、DABCOTMR-3、DABCOTMR-4、和DABCOTMR-5获得的那些。季铵盐也可与作为助催化剂的有机锡化合物一起使用。示例性的强碱为氢氧化铵。
作为例子，本发明的高尔夫球的实施方式可根据下面的方法制造。将具有热塑性聚氨酯壳的高尔夫球用异氰酸酯的溶液渗透。所述异氰酸酯的溶液可为溶剂、至少一种异氰酸酯化合物和催化剂。所述溶剂可为，例如，丙酮或甲基乙基酮(MEK)。所述异氰酸酯化合物可为所述溶液的约0.1-40％，优选4-5％。除非在本文中另外定义，术语约指的是提及的量的±10％。所述渗透可通过例如如下进行：使高尔夫球与所述异氰酸酯溶液接触约1至约10分钟、优选4-5分钟的接触时间。可以通过例如如下进行接触：将所述高尔夫球浸泡或浸渍在所述溶液中。所述球与所述溶剂的接触可导致所述溶剂将所述热塑性聚氨酯溶胀，并容许所述异氰酸酯化合物渗透所述壳。接触时间越长，异氰酸酯可向壳中渗透得越深。所述催化剂可催化在所述溶液中异氰酸酯化合物和第二异氰酸酯化合物之间的反应(在该例子中，异氰酸酯为共反应物)。所述反应可经由异氰酸酯的非活性氢发生以形成异氰脲酸酯，其为异氰酸酯的三聚体。为了形成异氰脲酸酯，所述催化剂可为，例如，碱金属皂或季铵盐，以加快反应。所述溶液在与所述球接触期间可任选地加热至约76℉-约120℉以加快反应。将所述球从与所述异氰酸酯溶液的接触移出(theballisremovedfromcontactwiththeisocyanatesolution)，并将所述球加热到约76℉至约180℉的温度(其中优选约76℉至约120℉)约10分钟至约5小时的时间。所述加热可在烘箱中进行。在加热后，可将所述球用醇如异丙醇或甲醇清洁，并让其干燥。然后可将所述球用水性底漆涂覆，并让其干燥。这样的水性底漆可包括，例如，聚氨酯分散体，例如来自Chemtura的Witcobond234。然后可向所述球提供最终的聚氨酯涂层，并让其干燥。这样的聚氨酯可以包括，例如，双组分聚氨酯，如与HDI预聚合物混合的饱和聚酯。
在一个实施方式中，将具有热塑性聚氨酯壳的高尔夫球浸泡在异氰酸酯溶液中，所述溶液为丙酮、所述溶液的约15%的异氰酸酯化合物和0.05％的水杨酸锂的异氰酸酯溶液。将所述球浸泡在所述溶液中约2分钟。将所述高尔夫球从所述溶液取出，并加热至180℉约4小时。然后将所述球用异丙醇清洁，并让其干燥。然后将所述球用水性底漆涂覆，并让其干燥。向所述球施加最终的双组分聚氨酯涂层，并让其干燥。
在一个实施方式中，将具有热塑性聚氨酯壳的高尔夫球浸泡在异氰酸酯溶液中，所述溶液为丙酮、所述溶液的约15%的异氰酸酯化合物和0.1％的DabcoTMR(季铵盐催化剂)的异氰酸酯溶液。将所述球浸泡在所述溶液中约2分钟。将所述高尔夫球从所述溶液取出，并加热至180℉约4小时。然后将所述球用异丙醇清洁，并让其干燥。然后将所述球用水性底漆涂覆，并让其干燥。向所述球施加最终的双组分聚氨酯涂层，并让其干燥。
本文中引用的所有参考文献(包括出版物、专利申请和专利)特此引入作为参考，其参考程度如同每一篇参考文献被单独并具体地说明引入作为参考且在本文中被全部阐述一样。
在描述本发明的上下文中(尤其是在所附权利要求的上下文中)使用术语“一个(种)”和“所述(该)”以及类似的指示物应解释为涵盖单数和复数两者，除非本文中另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾。术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”应解释为开放式术语(即，意味着“包括，但不限于”)，除非另有说明。本文中数值范围的列举仅仅意图用作单独提及落在该范围内的每个独立值的简写方法，除非本文中另有说明，且在说明书中引入每个独立的值，就如同其在本文中被单独列举。本文中描述的所有方法可以任何合适的顺序进行，除非本文中另有说明或与上下文明显矛盾。本文中提供的任何和所有实施例、或示例性语言(如，“例如”)的使用仅用来更好地说明本发明，而不是对本发明的范围加以限制，除非另有说明。说明书中没有语言应被解释为是在指明本发明的实践所必需的任何非要求保护的要素。
本文中描述了本发明的优选实施方式，包括本发明人已知的用于实施本发明的最佳模式。在阅读上述说明后，那些优选实施方式的变型对于本领域普通技术人员来说将变得明晰。本发明人希望技术人员适当地采用这样的变型，且本发明人意图让本发明用不同于本文中具体描述的方式进行实践。因此，本发明包括由适用的法律所允许的所附权利要求中所述主题的所有变型和等同物。此外，在其所有的可能变型中的上述要素的任意组合包括在本发明中，除非本文中另有说明或者与上下文明显矛盾。权利要求将被解释为包括到现有技术所容许的程度的可替换实施方式。
Claims (12)
1.高尔夫球，包括：
芯、至少一个中间层、和壳；
其中所述壳包括热塑性树脂；
其中所述壳进一步包括外部部分和内部部分，
所述外部部分包括包含4％-5％的异氰酸酯化合物的异氰酸酯溶液与具有非活性氢基团的共反应物化合物的反应产物、和所述热塑性树脂的互穿聚合物网络，且其中所述异氰酸酯溶液中的异氰酸酯化合物接触所述外部部分1至5分钟的接触时间，且其中异氰酸酯溶液中的异氰酸酯化合物与所述非活性氢基团的共反应物化合物在催化剂的存在下反应，所述催化剂催化在所述溶液中异氰酸酯化合物和所述非活性氢基团的共反应物化合物之间的反应，以形成所述反应产物，且其中所述反应产物包括多异氰脲酸酯，该多异氰脲酸酯包括异氰脲酸酯环。
2.权利要求1的高尔夫球，其中所述内部部分不含所述互穿聚合物网络。
3.权利要求1的高尔夫球，其中所述外部部分具有0.1mm至1.0mm的厚度。
4.权利要求1的高尔夫球，其中所述外部部分具有比所述内部部分的显微压入硬度大的显微压入硬度。
5.权利要求1的高尔夫球，其中所述催化剂为氧化膦、吡啶、碱金属皂、季铵盐、强碱、有机锑碘化物、乙酰丙酮锌和苯甲酰氯中的至少一种。
6.权利要求1的高尔夫球，其中所述共反应物化合物是第二异氰酸酯化合物，所述催化剂是碱金属皂和季铵盐中的一种。
7.制造高尔夫球的方法，包括：
在高尔夫球的至少一个中间层上模塑由热塑性树脂构成的壳；和
使包括异氰酸酯化合物、共反应物化合物和催化剂的异氰酸酯溶液渗透到所述壳的外部部分中；
其中异氰酸酯溶液包含4％-5％的异氰酸酯化合物，且其中使异氰酸酯溶液渗透到所述壳的外部部分中包括使所述异氰酸酯溶液接触所述高尔夫球1至5分钟的接触时间；
其中所述催化剂催化所述异氰酸酯化合物和非活性氢基团的所述共反应物化合物之间的反应以形成反应产物，其中所述反应产物包括多异氰脲酸酯，该多异氰脲酸酯包括异氰脲酸酯环，其中反应产物调整所述外部部分的至少一种物理性质，使得所述外部部分的所述物理性质不同于内部部分的物理性质。
8.权利要求7的方法，其中所述催化剂是氧化膦、吡啶、碱金属皂、季铵盐、强碱、有机锑碘化物、乙酰丙酮锌和苯甲酰氯中的至少一种。
9.权利要求7的方法，其中所述至少一种物理性质是显微压入硬度，且其中所述外部部分的显微压入硬度大于所述内部部分的显微压入硬度。
10.权利要求7的方法，其中使所述高尔夫球与所述异氰酸酯溶液接触的步骤是在76°F至120°F的温度与所述异氰酸酯溶液进行；
所述方法进一步包括：
将所述高尔夫球从与所述异氰酸酯溶液的接触移出；
将所述高尔夫球加热至76°F至180°F的温度10分钟至5小时；
用醇溶液清洁所述高尔夫球；
用水性底漆覆盖所述高尔夫球；和
用聚氨酯涂覆所述高尔夫球。
11.根据权利要求7的方法制造的高尔夫球。
12.根据权利要求7的方法制造的高尔夫球，其中所述共反应物化合物是第二异氰酸酯化合物，所述催化剂是碱金属皂和季铵盐中的一种。
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- 2011-07-20 CN CN201180045446.0A patent/CN103124584B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-20 TW TW100125643A patent/TWI546105B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-07-20 EP EP11738558.3A patent/EP2595710A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-20 US US13/187,261 patent/US8920264B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-20 JP JP2013520828A patent/JP5686450B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| US3793236A (en) * | 1971-02-12 | 1974-02-19 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind | Oxazolidone-modified isocyanurate resins |
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| CN1105598A (zh) * | 1994-01-17 | 1995-07-26 | 李荣堂 | 高尔夫球具无接缝之制造方法 |
| US6458307B2 (en) * | 1996-12-24 | 2002-10-01 | Bridgestone Sports Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing a golf ball |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI546105B (zh) | 2016-08-21 |
| US20120021850A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| US8920264B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
| CN103124584A (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
| JP5686450B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
| EP2595710A1 (en) | 2013-05-29 |
| JP2013532517A (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
| TW201210659A (en) | 2012-03-16 |
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