CN102315178A - 半导体装置 - Google Patents

半导体装置 Download PDF

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CN102315178A
CN102315178A CN2011101924855A CN201110192485A CN102315178A CN 102315178 A CN102315178 A CN 102315178A CN 2011101924855 A CN2011101924855 A CN 2011101924855A CN 201110192485 A CN201110192485 A CN 201110192485A CN 102315178 A CN102315178 A CN 102315178A
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adhesive
groove
semiconductor device
resin enclosure
receiving channel
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CN102315178B (zh
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征矢野伸
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及半导体装置。根据本发明的半导体装置包括:金属基底;树脂外壳,该树脂外壳具有面对金属基底的接合面;涂敷槽,该涂敷槽形成在接合面中且保持用于将树脂外壳与金属基底在预定位置接合的粘合剂,形成涂敷槽的壁的顶面与包含接合面的面相隔开,使得在金属基底和树脂外壳之间形成逃逸空间;逃逸空间,该逃逸空间接纳从涂敷槽流出的多余的粘合剂;接纳槽,该接纳槽与逃逸空间连通且可靠地接纳逃逸空间未能接纳的多余的粘合剂。即使涂敷了对于接纳槽的接纳而言过多的多余粘合剂,也可在止挡槽中接纳多余的粘合剂并防止进一步流出。根据本发明的半导体装置便于确保树脂外壳和金属基底之间的足够的接合强度并实质上防止粘合剂从接合区域流出。

Description

半导体装置
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体装置。具体而言,本发明涉及具有包括基底和利用粘合剂与基底接合的外壳的封装结构的半导体装置。在基底上,经由绝缘基底板安装功率半导体芯片。外壳包括插入其中且与外壳形成为一体的外部端子。
背景技术
图3(A)是示出封装结构的示例的常规半导体装置的俯视图。图3(B)是沿图3(A)的a-a的剖视图。图3(C)是图3(B)中部分b的放大图。
在图3(A)~图3(C)所示的半导体装置中,在用于散热的金属基底10上安装绝缘基底板11。在绝缘基底板11上安装半导体芯片12、13、14、和15。绝缘基底板11经由形成在绝缘基底板11的一个表面上的金属箔,利用焊料与金属基底10接合。半导体芯片12、13、14、和15利用焊料与形成在绝缘基底板11的另一表面上的另一金属箔接合。半导体芯片12、13、14、和15可包括绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)和续流二极管。
框形树脂外壳16放置在绝缘基底板11上使得树脂外壳16包围绝缘基底板11。树脂外壳16利用粘合剂17与基底板11接合。外部端子被插入树脂外壳16中以使树脂外壳和外部端子形成为一体。作为外部端子,对半导体芯片12和14设置外部主电路端子18、19、20、和21以及外部控制端子22、23、24、和25。半导体芯片12和14以及外部主电路端子18、19、20和21通过接合线26彼此电连接。半导体芯片12和14以及外部控制端子22、23、24和25通过接合线27彼此电连接。
树脂外壳16填充有硅胶以对其中通过引线接合连接的电路进行密封。树脂外壳16利用盖子封闭(未示出)。虽然未示出,但用于将半导体装置固定于散热翼片的螺钉被插入钻穿树脂外壳16外侧的金属基底10的孔28。
为了将树脂外壳16接合至金属基底10,在面对金属基底10的树脂外壳16表面的边缘上形成突起,因树脂外壳16和金属基底10之间的突起所产生的间隙填充有粘合剂17,且该粘合剂17被热固化。该接合方法由于接合面积较大,因此便于获得足够的接合强度。然而,其需要涂敷大量的粘合剂17。
为了消除该问题,以下的专利文献1和2提出了下述的技术方案。所提出的技术在面对金属基底的树脂外壳表面中形成槽,并利用粘合剂填充槽,以抑制粘合剂的涂敷量。该槽沿着树脂外壳表面的整个外周侧连续延伸。这里,需要在树脂外壳的插入有外部主电路端子的部分附近、以及在树脂外壳的插入有外部控制端子的部分附近提升接合强度。在树脂外壳的上述部分中(下文中称作为“端子插入部分”),通过超声波焊接对接合线进行接合。由于超声波振动力被施加于端子插入部分,因此要求端子插入部分展现出特别高的接合强度。因此,在端子插入部分中形成多个槽以提高其接合强度。
利用可控制粘合剂涂敷量的给料器将粘合剂涂敷于槽。若涂敷量不够,则无法确保足够的接合强度。若在粘合剂中产生剥离或裂纹,则填充于树脂外壳中的硅胶会漏到外侧。因此,给料器对槽涂敷比所需量要多的粘合剂。
若粘合剂对槽的涂敷量过大,则在将树脂外壳置于金属基底上时,多余的粘合剂会从槽流出到树脂外壳的外侧或内侧。若粘合剂流到树脂外壳的外侧,则树脂外壳的外观会变差。而且,若流出的粘合剂粘到金属基底和散热翼片的接触面并在那里固化,则金属基底的表面高度会变得不均匀,且冷却效率会变差。若流到树脂外壳的内侧的粘合剂污染接合线的接合面,则通过超声波焊接形成的接合部分的强度会变低。下面的专利文献3描述了如下方法,该方法提供具有粘合剂逃逸槽的树脂外壳以防止多余的粘合剂流出。
[专利文献1]日本未审查专利申请公开No.2003-51560
[专利文献2]日本未审查专利申请公开No.2004-103846
[专利文献3]日本未审查专利申请公开No.平7(1995)-30006
然而,在将树脂外壳按压至金属基底并对粘合剂进行加热和固化的状态下,除了槽以外的树脂外壳面和金属基底面之间的间隙较窄。即使粘合剂的涂敷量稍微过多,流出的粘合剂也会通过窄间隙大范围地扩展,并流到树脂外壳的外侧和内侧。即使在形成较多槽的区域形成粘合剂逃逸槽,粘合剂逃逸槽也难以防止粘合剂流出。而且难以精确控制粘合剂的涂敷量以使得流出的粘合剂的量可尽量地较少。
发明内容
鉴于以上的内容,期望消除如上所述的问题。还期望提供一种具有如下接合结构的半导体装置,其便于确保树脂外壳和金属基底之间的足够接合强度,并显著减少流出的粘合剂的量。
根据本发明,提供一种半导体装置,包括:
金属基底;
框形树脂外壳,该框形树脂外壳与金属基底接合以形成容纳半导体芯片的空间;
粘合剂涂敷槽,该粘合剂涂敷槽在预定位置保持有粘合剂,以将树脂外壳与金属基底接合,粘合剂涂敷槽在树脂外壳的面对金属基底的接合面中形成,以使粘合剂涂敷槽沿着接合面的整个外周侧连续延伸;
以及
粘合剂逃逸空间,该粘合剂逃逸空间在粘合剂涂敷槽的侧壁的顶面和金属基底之间形成,顶面与包含接合面的平面相隔开,以将涂敷至粘合剂涂敷槽的多余的粘合剂引入并接纳在该粘合剂逃逸空间中。
从粘合剂涂敷槽流出的多余的粘合剂被引入粘合剂逃逸空间并在其中固化。粘合剂涂敷槽中的粘合剂确保树脂外壳和金属外壳之间的足够的接合强度,且从粘合剂涂敷槽流出的粘合剂被接纳在粘合剂逃逸空间中,不再进一步扩展。
由于具有上述结构的半导体装置包括用于接纳从粘合剂涂敷槽流出的多余的粘合剂的粘合剂逃逸空间,因此根据本发明的半导体装置便于确保树脂外壳和金属外壳之间的足够的接合强度。因此,即使涂敷多余的粘合剂,多余粘合剂也不会如流到树脂外壳的外侧和内侧那样大范围地扩展。因此,根据本发明的半导体装置可靠地防止粘合剂流出。
从根本上,在树脂外壳的接合面中形成粘合剂涂敷槽和粘合剂逃逸空间,使得粘合剂涂敷槽和粘合剂逃逸空间沿接合面的整个外周侧连续延伸。可选地,粘合剂涂敷槽和粘合剂逃逸空间可局部分叉,使得多个粘合剂涂敷槽和多个粘合剂逃逸空间可根据需要局部设置以改变接合强度。
附图简述
图1是示出根据本发明的第一实施方式的槽组合的半导体装置的一部分的放大剖视图。
图2(A)是示出根据本发明的第二实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。
图2(B)是示出根据本发明的第三实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。
图2(C)是示出根据本发明的第四实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。
图2(D)是示出根据本发明的第五实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。
图2(E)是示出根据本发明的第六实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。
图3(A)是示出封装结构的示例的常规半导体装置的俯视图。
图3(B)是沿图3(A)的a-a的剖视图。
图3(C)是图3(B)中部分b的放大图。
具体实施方式
现参考示出本发明的优选实施方式的附图,在下文中具体描述本发明。在示出本发明的优选实施方式的附图中,使用图3(A)~图3(C)中使用的相同附图标记来指示相同的构成要素和等价要素,且为简化目的不再进行其重复的描述。
图1是示出根据本发明的第一实施方式的槽组合的半导体装置的一部分的放大剖视图。
现参考图1,保持有用于将框形树脂外壳16与金属基底10在预定位置接合的粘合剂17的粘合剂涂敷槽30(下文中简称为“涂敷槽30”)在树脂外壳16的面对金属基底10的接合面29中形成。在涂敷槽30的两侧,与涂敷槽30相邻地形成有用于接纳流出的粘合剂的流出粘合剂接纳槽31(下文中简称为“接纳槽31”)。在涂敷槽30和接纳槽31之间的壁的面对金属基底10的顶面与包含接合面29的面相隔开,从而形成使粘合剂逃逸的粘合剂逃逸空间(下文中简称为“逃逸空间”)32。
根据本发明的第一实施方式,在最外侧接纳槽31的外侧,以及在最内侧接纳槽31的内侧,形成防止粘合剂17进一步流出的粘合剂流出防止槽33(下文中简称为“止挡槽33”)。在最外侧接纳槽31的外侧形成的止挡槽33防止粘合剂17流出到树脂外壳16的外侧。在最内侧接纳槽31的内侧形成的止挡槽33防止粘合剂17流出到树脂外壳16的内侧。虽然根据本发明的第一实施方式,止挡槽33形成在接纳槽31的外侧和内侧,但止挡槽33也可形成在接纳槽31的外侧或内侧。
涂敷槽30、接纳槽31、和止挡槽33沿着树脂外壳16的面对金属基底10的环形接合面29的整个外周侧连续形成。
金属基底10由铜、铝、或这些金属的复合材料构成。树脂外壳16由聚苯硫醚(PPS)或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)构成。对粘合剂17使用硅树脂粘合剂或环氧树脂粘合剂。
涂敷槽30、接纳槽31、和止挡槽33形成为从树脂外壳16的接合面29起算为0.5~1mm的深度。形成涂敷槽30、接纳槽31、和止挡槽33,使得其槽宽与其间的间距的比率为1比1。特别是,作为考虑所采用的粘合剂17的厚度和接合强度之间的关系的基准,根据获得高接合强度的粘合剂17的厚度,来选择涂敷槽30的深度。涂敷槽30两侧的壁和接合面29之间的距离、即逃逸空间32的厚度被设定成从0.2mm到0.25mm。
下面描述树脂外壳16与金属基底10接合的工艺的示例。
首先,将树脂外壳16反转以使得接合面29面朝上,并通过给料器将粘合剂17涂敷于涂敷槽30。给料器喷射被控制成多少过量的粘合剂17,以填充涂敷槽30。给料器沿着涂敷槽30移动的同时,持续喷射固定量的粘合剂17。当给料器沿着整个涂敷槽30喷射粘合剂17完成时,将金属基底10安装在树脂外壳16的接合面29上,且在将金属基底10按压于树脂外壳16的同时加热金属基底10以固化粘合剂17,并使树脂外壳16和金属基底10彼此接合。
在将金属基底10按压于树脂外壳16时从涂敷槽30流出的多余粘合剂17流到与涂敷槽30相邻的逃逸空间32,被接纳在逃逸空间32中,并在其中固化。
在对涂敷槽30涂敷的粘合剂17因量过大而不能被接纳在逃逸空间32中时,从逃逸空间32流出的粘合剂17到达与逃逸空间连通且位于逃逸空间32外侧的接纳槽31,且可靠地被接纳在接纳槽31中。因此,流出到接纳槽31的粘合剂17不会再进一步扩展。更具体而言,流出到接纳槽31的粘合剂17不会再扩展到树脂外壳16的外侧(附图的左手侧)、也不会再扩展到容纳有绝缘基底板的树脂外壳16的内侧。
若给料器由于其故障过量地喷射多余粘合剂17而不能被接纳在涂敷槽30、逃逸空间32、和接纳槽31中,则止挡槽33防止粘合剂17流到树脂外壳16的外侧或内侧。
图2(A)是示出根据本发明的第二实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。图2(B)是示出根据本发明的第三实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。图2(C)是示出根据本发明的第四实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。图2(D)是示出根据本发明的第五实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。图2(E)是示出根据本发明的第六实施方式的槽组合的树脂外壳的放大剖视图。
在图2(A)所示的根据本发明的第二实施方式的槽组合中,在树脂外壳16的接合面29中形成两个涂敷槽30,并在槽30之间形成逃逸空间32。通过设置两个涂敷槽30使得涂敷槽30比其槽宽度更宽地彼此相隔开,逃逸空间32的空间被扩展以使得逃逸空间32起到接纳槽31的作用。在涂敷槽30的外侧和内侧,形成止挡槽33。
通过增加涂敷槽30的数量,来提高树脂外壳16和金属基底10之间的接合强度。虽然为了获得大接合强度逃逸空间32并不是太厚,但由于逃逸空间32的接合面积大,因此预期接合强度进一步提高。
在图2(B)所示的根据第三实施方式的槽组合中,在树脂外壳16的接合面29中形成四个涂敷槽30,并在涂敷槽30之间形成逃逸空间32。在涂敷槽30的外侧,即仅在树脂外壳16的边缘区域中,形成止挡槽33。
通过增加涂敷槽30的数量,来大幅提高树脂外壳16和金属基底10之间的接合强度。根据第三实施方式的槽组合例如可应用于树脂外壳16的插入有外部主端子19的部分。对于树脂外壳16的插入有外部主端子19的部分,施加因超声波焊接许多接合线26而引起的超声波振动的较大振动力。虽然根据第三实施方式的止挡槽33形成在树脂外壳16的外周侧,但止挡槽33可根据需要形成在最内侧涂敷槽30的内侧。
在图2(C)所示的第四实施方式的槽组合中,在树脂外壳6的接合面29中形成两个由涂敷槽30和接纳槽31组成的对,并在涂敷槽30和接纳槽31之间形成逃逸空间32。止挡槽33形成在由涂敷槽30和接纳槽31组成的外侧对的外侧。
根据第四实施方式的槽组合便于在树脂外壳16和金属基底10之间获得与通过根据第二实施方式的槽组合获得的接合强度相同的接合强度。根据第四实施方式的槽组合便于获得与根据第三实施方式的槽组合展现出的效果相同的防止粘合剂流出的效果。可选地,可根据需要形成三个或多个由涂敷槽30和接纳槽31组成的对。
在图2(D)所示的根据第五实施方式的槽组合中,在树脂外壳16的接合面29中形成两个由涂敷槽30和接纳槽31组成的对,并在相邻涂敷槽30之间形成逃逸空间32。根据第五实施方式的槽组合便于使逃逸空间32扩展成比根据第四实施方式的槽组合更大。根据第五实施方式的槽组合在树脂外壳16的接合面29中不包括任何止挡槽33。
图2(E)所示的根据第六实施方式的槽组合从根据图2(C)所示的根据第四实施方式的槽组合中除去止挡槽33。详细而言,在树脂外壳16的接合面29中仅形成两个由涂敷槽30和接纳槽31组成的对。在涂敷槽30和接纳槽31之间形成逃逸空间32。因此,根据第六实施方式的槽组合展现出与根据第四实施方式的槽组合展现出的接合强度相同的接合强度。
虽然至此是结合这里的优选实施方式来描述本发明,但一些改变和修改对于本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见的,其不背离本发明的真实精神。因此,本发明并非通过这里的具体描述来进行理解,而是通过所附权利要求来进行理解的。
例如,涂敷槽30和接纳槽31沿着树脂外壳16的接合面29的整个外周侧连续形成。可选地,涂敷槽30和接纳槽31可分叉并结合,以局部增加或减少其数量。

Claims (6)

1.一种半导体装置,包括:
金属基底;
框形树脂外壳,该框形树脂外壳与所述金属基底接合以形成容纳半导体芯片的空间;
粘合剂涂敷槽,该粘合剂涂敷槽在预定位置保持有粘合剂,以将所述树脂外壳与所述金属基底接合,所述粘合剂涂敷槽在所述树脂外壳的面对所述金属基底的接合面中形成,所述粘合剂涂敷槽沿着所述接合面的整个外周侧连续延伸;以及
粘合剂逃逸空间,该粘合剂逃逸空间在所述粘合剂涂敷槽的侧壁的顶面和所述金属基底之间形成,所述顶面与包含所述接合面的平面相隔开,以将涂敷至所述粘合剂涂敷槽的多余的粘合剂引入并接纳在该粘合剂逃逸空间中。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,所述半导体装置还包括:
流出粘合剂接纳槽,该流出粘合剂接纳槽在所述接合面中形成,所述流出粘合剂接纳槽与所述粘合剂涂敷槽相邻并与所述粘合剂逃逸空间连通。
3.如权利要求1所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述半导体装置包括在所述接合面中形成的多个由所述粘合剂涂敷槽和所述粘合剂逃逸空间组成的对。
4.如权利要求2所述的半导体装置,其特征在于,
所述半导体装置包括在所述接合面中的多个由所述粘合剂涂敷槽、所述流出粘合剂接纳槽、和所述粘合剂逃逸空间组成的组。
5.如权利要求4所述的半导体装置,所述半导体装置还包括:
粘合剂流出防止槽,该粘合剂流出防止槽在最外侧粘合剂涂敷槽或最外侧流出粘合剂接纳槽的外侧形成,所述粘合剂流出防止槽防止从所述最外侧粘合剂涂敷槽或从所述最外侧流出粘合剂接纳槽流出的粘合剂进一步流出。
6.如权利要求5所述的半导体装置,所述半导体装置还包括:
粘合剂流出防止槽,该粘合剂流出防止槽在最内侧粘合剂涂敷槽或最内侧流出粘合剂接纳槽的内侧形成,所述粘合剂流出防止槽防止从所述最内侧粘合剂涂敷槽或从所述最内侧流出粘合剂接纳槽流出的粘合剂进一步流出。
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