CN101515563A - 覆盖层的制造方法及半导体装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种覆盖层的制造方法及半导体装置。上述包括铜、氮以及硅和/或锗的覆盖层的制造方法,该覆盖层设置于一铜导电结构上,包括利用暴露铜导电结构于包含锗烷和/或硅烷的一环境下,于该铜导电结构上形成至少一覆盖层,形成该至少一覆盖层的温度介于200℃至400℃之间;进行一氨气等离子体处理步骤,以形成一至少一部分氮化的覆盖层;于该至少一部分氮化的覆盖层上形成一介电阻障层;于形成该至少一覆盖层的步骤之前,对该铜导电结构进行一预备退火步骤,进行该预备退火步骤的温度介于250℃至450℃之间。本发明可避免不良的黏着力和阻障特性、产生硅和/或锗进入铜导电结构的扩散(掺质)路径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半导体装置的制造方法,特别涉及一种集成电路制造中的先进(例如铜)镶嵌内连线的应用。
本发明特别涉及一种后段(back-end)导线工艺的铜内连线结构工艺。
本发明更特别涉及一种位于铜内连线结构上的选择性形成的覆盖层,以改善电致迁移(electro-migration,EM)的电阻。
背景技术
通常用于半导体装置中形成金属内连线(沟槽)和介层孔插塞的形成方法为公知的“镶嵌法(damascene)”。一般而言,上述方法包括于一介电层中形成一开口,上述介电层用以隔开多个垂直形成的金属层。通常利用公知的光刻和蚀刻工艺形成上述开口。形成上述开口之后,以铜或铜合金填入上述开口,以形成一介层孔插塞或一沟槽。然后,利用化学机械研磨工艺(CMP)以移除位于上述介电层表面上多余的金属材料。剩余的铜或铜合金形成介层孔和/或金属内连线。
因为铜具有较低的电阻率,所以铜典型地用于镶嵌工艺中。然而,特别是线宽持续缩小以及电流密度持续提高的情况下,铜会遭受到电致迁移(electro-migration,EM)和压力迁移(stress-migration,SM)等可靠度的问题。所以,典型地形成阻障层以防止铜扩散进入邻近的低介电常数(low-k)介电材料中。近年来,已越来越常用铜的氮硅化物(copper silicide nitride)层来作为阻障层。
为了使较小线宽的导线仍能维持其可靠度,包括位于铜导线顶面上的自对准的阻障层的铜/低介电常数内连线结构已广泛地被研究作为45nm线宽以下的世代的有效的解决方案。当例如氮碳化硅(SiCN)、含氢碳化硅(SiCH)或含氧碳化硅(SiCO)等介电阻障物覆盖狭窄铜导线的表面时,电致迁移(EM)的问题仍然是最主要的考虑。其他自对准阻障物的方法已应用于改善内连线的性能表现。
Gosset等人揭示一种利用铜导线的表面处理或于铜导线表面选择性沉积方式形成一自对准的阻障层的制造方法(Self Aligned Barrier Approach:Overview on Process,Module Integration and Interconnect PerformanceImprovement Challenges,International Interconnect Technology Conference,2006IEEE),其已研究出直接相容于既有的等离子体增强型化学气相沉积工艺和机台的一铜的氮硅化合物(CuSiN)覆盖层。上述工艺包括三个步骤,其中第一个步骤为利用还原等离子体(reducing plasma)(例如氢气成分为主的等离子体(H2-based plasma))移除原生的铜氧化物(native Cu oxide)。第二个步骤为铜的硅化步骤,利用分解例如硅烷(silane)或三甲基硅烷(tri-methyl silane)等硅基前驱物的方式(化学气相沉积)使铜富含硅原子。最后,进行一氨气等离子体步骤以形成自对准的铜的氮硅化物(CuSiN)阻障物。
Usami等人也揭示一种自对准的铜的氮硅化物(CuSiN)阻障物的沉积方式(Highly Reliable Interface of Self-aligned CuSiN process with Low-k SiCbarrier dielectric(k=3.5)for 65nm node and beyond,International InterconnectTechnology Conference,2006IEEE)。在第一个步骤中,于平坦化晶片(Cu-CMP)之后,使用还原等离子体(reducing plasma)以移除形成于铜表面的氧化物。在第二个步骤中,将铜表面暴露于硅烷(SiH4)中,以使硅原子扩散进入铜薄膜中。在第三个步骤中,使用含氮气之后等离子体处理步骤以除去多余的硅原子,并且产生硅原子-氮原子键结,以固定硅原子(silicon pinning)。最后,于铜导线上沉积低介电常数的碳化硅阻障物。利用较用于沉积氮碳化硅(SiCN)(k=4.9)的标准前驱物更为复杂的有机甲基硅烷(organic methyl silane)气源,于公知的增强型等离子体化学气相沉积反应器中沉积碳化硅阻障物。
在美国专利号6,821,890专利揭示一种包含锗化铜、氧化锗、氮化锗或其组合的中间覆盖层,以改善铜表面上黏着力较差的材料的黏着特性。
公知的例如硅化铜的阻障层工艺仍然具有缺点。由于硅化铜的性质较为不稳定,硅原子仍会从硅化铜跑出来而扩散进入低介电常数介电层中。因此,较佳可完全氮化硅化铜层以形成更稳定的铜的氮硅化物。上述的铜的氮硅化合物需要长时间和/或高功率的氨气等离子体处理。然而,上述等离子体处理会有损伤低介电常数介电层的副作用。
使用锗化铜作为覆盖层具有更稳定以及较低电阻率等优点。然而,锗化铜(和铜的氮锗化合物)具有较硅化铜(和铜的氮硅化合物)差的电致迁移(EM)特性。
由于形成合适的覆盖层的上述条件和上述需求会有互相矛盾的情形,因此,需要一种新颖的覆盖层成分及其制造方法,以提供例如可以避免周围介电材料损伤的合适的覆盖层。
因此,需要一种新颖的覆盖层成分,其可以结合覆盖层的良好的阻障特性(避免铜向外扩散)、低电阻率和稳定性等优点,且可忍受(低)片电阻值(sheetresistance,Rs)的增加。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种于铜内连线结构上形成至少一选择性覆盖层的制造方法,上述覆盖层具有较佳的电致迁移(EM)电阻,其结合优良的阻障特性和可接受且稳定的金属片电阻值(Rs)。
本发明提供一种新颖的覆盖层成分及一种(覆盖层)改良的制造方法。
本发明提供一种选择性形成(或提供、或沉积)包括铜、氮以及硅和/或锗的覆盖层的方法,上述覆盖层设置于一铜导电结构上(或其顶面上),包括下列步骤:
利用暴露铜导电结构于包含锗烷(GeH4)和/或硅烷(SiH4)的一环境下,于上述铜导电结构上选择性形成(或提供、或沉积)至少一覆盖层,形成上述至少一覆盖层的温度范围介于200℃至400℃之间;进行一氨气(NH3)等离子体处理步骤,借此形成一至少一部分氮化的覆盖层;以及于上述至少一部分氮化的覆盖层上形成(或提供、或沉积)一介电阻障层;其特征在于:于形成上述至少一覆盖层的步骤之前,对上述铜导电结构进行一预备退火步骤,进行上述预备退火步骤的温度范围介于250℃至450℃之间。
本发明中的“选择性形成一层”的意思为于上述铜导电结构“上(或其顶面上)形成上述层”。
上述铜导电结构于依据本发明的实施例的一半导体装置中形成介层孔和/或金属内连线。
依据本发明的一方法中,于对上述铜导电结构的表面进行化学机械研磨工艺之后,(直接或不直接)进行上述预备退火步骤。
依据本发明的一方法中,对上述铜导电结构进行的上述预备退火步骤的温度较佳介于300℃至450℃之间,更佳介于350℃至450℃之间,最佳为350℃至400℃之间。
依据本发明的一方法中,对上述铜导电结构进行的上述预备退火步骤的时间至少为15分钟,较佳至少30分钟。
上述预备退火步骤于(约)400℃的温度下进行。
上述(额外)预备退火步骤不同于在进行沉积工艺之前,在化学气相沉积反应室中进行的(预备)加热步骤(现有技术的方法)。
于上述(额外)预备退火步骤期间施加的能量总和不同于在进行沉积工艺之前,在化学气相沉积反应室中进行的(预备)加热步骤(现有技术的方法)的能量总和。
上述(额外)预备退火步骤的加热时间不同于在进行沉积工艺之前,在化学气相沉积反应室中进行的(预备)加热步骤(现有技术的方法)的加热时间。
对上述铜导电结构进行的上述(额外)预备退火步骤在可以使(额外)铜裸片成长的温度下进行。
依据本发明的一方法中,于包含锗烷(GeH4)/硅烷(SiH4)的环境中加入氨气(NH3),借此可选择性形成至少一部分氮化的覆盖层。
依据本发明的一方法中,可于包含锗烷(GeH4)/硅烷(SiH4)的环境中加入氨气(NH3)。
依据本发明的一方法中,包含锗烷(GeH4)/硅烷(SiH4)的环境中必须加入氨气(NH3)。
形成至少部分氮化的锗化铜(CuGeyNz)覆盖层的上述环境包括锗烷(GeH4)和氨气(NH3)的混合气体(或由锗烷(GeH4)和氨气(NH3)的混合气体组成)。
上述CuGeyNz覆盖层为包括铜、锗和氮(或由铜、锗和氮组成)的材料。
上述CuGeyNz覆盖层中,y和z不等于零。
上述CuGeyNz覆盖层包括等同于锗和氮的优点。
上述CuGeyNz覆盖层为包括至少25%摩尔分量(mole fraction)的锗和至少25%摩尔分量的氮的材料。
上述CuGeyNz覆盖层又可视为至少一部分氮化的铜锗化物。
上述CuGeyNz覆盖层又可视为铜的氮锗化合物。
依据本发明的一方法中,形成至少部分氮化的铜硅化物(CuSixNz)覆盖层的上述环境包括硅烷(SiH4)和氨气(NH3)的混合气体(或由硅烷(SiH4)和氨气(NH3)的混合气体组成)。
上述CuSixNz覆盖层为包括铜、硅和氮(或由铜、锗和氮组成)的材料。
上述CuSixNz覆盖层中,x和z不等于零。
上述CuSixNz覆盖层包括等同于硅和氮的优点。
上述CuSixNz覆盖层为包括至少25%摩尔分量(mole fraction)的硅和至少25%摩尔分量的氮的材料。
上述CuSixNz覆盖层又可视为至少一部分氮化的铜硅化物。
上述CuSixNz覆盖层又可视为铜的氮硅化合物。
依据本发明的一方法中,形成至少部分氮化的铜的锗硅化合物(CuSixGeyNz)覆盖层的上述环境包括锗烷(GeH4)和硅烷(SiH4)与氨气(NH3)的混合气体。
上述CuSixGeyNz覆盖层为包括铜、硅、锗和氮的材料。
上述CuSixGeyNz覆盖层中,x、y和z不等于零。
上述CuSixGeyNz覆盖层包括等同于硅、锗和氮的优点。
上述CuSixGeyNz覆盖层为分别包括至少25%摩尔分量(mole fraction)的硅、锗和氮的材料。
上述CuSixGeyNz覆盖层又可视为至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物。
上述CuSixGeyNz覆盖层又可视为铜的氮硅锗化合物。
上述CuSixGeyNz覆盖层又可视为一组合的覆盖层。
依据本发明的一方法中,形成至少一覆盖层的上述步骤之后或进行一氨气等离子体处理的上述步骤之后,可重复形成至少一覆盖层的上述步骤,以形成包括两层覆盖层(或由两层覆盖层组成)的叠层。其中一层为包括一部分氮化的铜锗化物(CuGeyNz)覆盖层,而另外一层为包括一部分氮化的铜硅化物(CuSixNz)覆盖层。
可重复形成至少一覆盖层的上述步骤,以改善上述覆盖层的品质。
可于形成至少一覆盖层的上述步骤之后,重复形成至少一覆盖层的上述步骤,以形成包括两层覆盖层(或由两层覆盖层组成)的叠层。
可于进行一氨气等离子体处理的上述步骤之后,重复形成至少一覆盖层的上述步骤,以形成包括两层覆盖层(或由两层覆盖层组成)的叠层。
上述叠层包括两层覆盖层(或由两层覆盖层组成),其中一层为包括一部分氮化的铜锗化物(CuGeyNz)覆盖层,而另外一层为包括一部分氮化的铜硅化物(CuSixNz)覆盖层。上述叠层可视为一双层覆盖层。
依据本发明的一方法中,包含锗烷(GeH4)和/或硅烷(SiH4)的上述环境可包括例如氮气(N2)的(除了氨气(NH3)以外)惰性气体。
依据本发明的一方法中,可于形成上述覆盖层的步骤之后、于形成上述至少一部分氮化的上述覆盖层的步骤之后和/或形成上述介电阻障层的步骤之后,进行一热退火步骤。
可于形成至少一覆盖层的上述步骤之后,进行一热退火步骤。
可于进行一氨气等离子体处理的上述步骤之后,进行一热退火步骤。
可于形成一介电阻障层的上述步骤之后,进行一热退火步骤。
依据本发明的一方法中,对上述铜导电结构进行上述预备退火步骤、选择性形成上述覆盖层和/或上述一部分氮化的覆盖层的步骤于同一反应室进行。
依据本发明的一方法中,对上述铜导电结构进行上述预备退火步骤、形成上述覆盖层和/或上述一部分氮化的覆盖层的步骤于不同反应室进行。
本发明提供另一种于一嵌入式铜导电结构的顶面上形成一自对准的至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物(CuSixGeyNz)覆盖层的制造方法。
用于本发明中的一“自对准层”的意思为“选择性形成于铜导电结构上(或铜导电结构的顶面上)的一层”。
上述自对准的覆盖层仅于铜结构中,且直接与硅和/或锗接触的区域形成。
上述一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物(CuSixGeyNz)为用作为一覆盖层的材料。
至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物(CuSixGeyNz)覆盖层的厚度介于3nm至20nm之间。
本发明提供另一种半导体装置,包括(或可由…组成):
一半导体基板;
一绝缘层,设置于上述半导体基板上方,上述绝缘层具有一嵌入式铜导电结构;以及
一自对准的至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物(CuSixGeyNz)覆盖层,设置于上述嵌入式铜导电结构的顶面上。
本发明提供另一种半导体装置,包括(或可由…组成):
一半导体基板;
一绝缘层,设置于上述半导体基板上方,上述绝缘层具有一嵌入式铜导电结构;
一自对准的覆盖层,设置于上述嵌入式铜导电结构的顶面上,上述自对准的覆盖层包括由两层覆盖层形成的一叠层,上述叠层包括一层至少一部分氮化的铜硅化物(CuSixNz)覆盖层和一层至少一部分氮化的铜锗化物(CuGeyNz)覆盖层。
上述自对准的覆盖层的厚度介于3nm至20nm之间。
上述半导体装置包括一介电阻障层,其覆盖于上述自对准的覆盖层和上述绝缘层。
本发明提供另一种依据本发明的方法形成的半导体装置。
本发明的实施例的优点为,避免不良的黏着力和不良的阻障特性。
本发明的实施例的优点为,避免产生硅和/或锗进入铜导电结构的扩散(掺质)路径。
本发明的实施例的优点为,改善(或降低)因为硅和/或锗导致铜导电结构的高片电阻值(Rs)。
本发明的实施例的优点为,此一新颖的化合覆盖层(CuSixGeyNz)或新颖的双层覆盖层(CuSixNz/CuGeyNz或CuGeyNz/CuSixNz)可结合CuSixNz层和CuGeyNz层的优点。
附图说明
图1A至图1D为本发明一实施例的铜导电结构的示意图,上述铜导电结构上形成有一改良的CuSixNz和/或CuGeyNz覆盖层。
图2为本发明一实施例的CuSixNz和/或CuGeyNz(双层)覆盖层的工艺流程图,上述具有良好和稳定的片电阻。
图3为片电阻值的比较图。其显示利用公知技术形成的顶面具有CuGeN覆盖层的等离子体气相沉积的铜(PVD-Cu)导电结构的片电阻值、利用本发明实施例方法形成的顶面具有CuGeN覆盖层的等离子体气相沉积的铜导电结构的片电阻值和无CuGeN覆盖层的等离子体气相沉积的铜导电结构的片电阻值的比较。
图4为片电阻值的比较图。其显示利用公知技术形成的顶面具有CuGeN覆盖层的电化学沉积的铜(ECP-Cu)导电结构的片电阻值、利用本发明实施例方法形成的顶面具有CuGeN覆盖层的电化学沉积的铜导电结构的片电阻值和无CuGeN覆盖层的电化学沉积的铜导电结构的片电阻值的比较。相较于等离子体气相沉积的铜导电结构,电化学沉积的铜结构(其具有电化学工艺以平坦化铜结构)的起始铜厚度较厚。就上述理由可知,电化学沉积的铜导电结构的片电阻值远低于等离子体气相沉积的铜导电结构,且具有一不同的起始片电阻值。
上述附图中的附图标记说明如下:
10~半导体基板;
1~介电层;
2~铜导电结构;
3~环境;
4、6~覆盖层;
5~等离子体处理步骤;
7~介电阻障层。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种新颖的方法,以于一铜内连线结构上提供一覆盖层,借以防止等离子体损坏,并且改善覆盖层的特性,举例来说,较低的片电阻的增加程度和较佳的阻障性能(此时并没有产生铜的往外扩散效应或忽视铜的往外扩散效应)。为达上述目的,于提供上述覆盖层的步骤之前和/或于包含锗烷(GeH4)/硅烷(SiH4)气体中导入氨气(NH3)的步骤之前可进行一预备退火(pre-annealing)步骤(对铜内连线结构进行退火)。在形成上述覆盖层的步骤期间,于包含锗烷(GeH4)/硅烷(SiH4)气体中导入氨气(NH3)可氮化铜硅化物和/或铜锗化物。
本发明特别涉及一种新颖的覆盖层构造和/或新颖的覆盖层叠层,其可用于铜内连线结构的顶面,例如为(双)镶嵌结构中的一沟槽和一介层孔插塞的顶面。
上述新颖的覆盖层构造和/或新颖的覆盖层叠层解决黏着性不良和阻障性能不良等问题。
此外,上述新颖的覆盖层构造和/或新颖的覆盖层叠层结构提供较佳的电致迁移表现和较佳的(较低的)电阻率。
上述新颖的覆盖层成分(也可视为“结合”的覆盖层)为一CuSixGeyNz层,而上述新颖的覆盖层叠层(也可视为“双层”覆盖层)为一CuSixNz层和位于其顶面上的一CuGeyNz层或一CuGeyNz层和位于其顶面上的一CuSixNz层。
本发明的一实施例涉及一种方法,以选择性地提供设置于一嵌入式铜导电结构上(或其顶面上)的一覆盖层,上述覆盖层包括铜、氮以及硅和/或锗,包括下列步骤:
对上述铜导电结构进行一预备退火步骤;
利用暴露上述铜导电结构于包含锗烷(GeH4)和/或硅烷(SiH4)以及额外添加氨气(NH3)的一环境下,于上述铜导电结构上选择性成长至少一覆盖层;
进行一氨气(NH3)等离子体处理步骤;以及
沉积一介电阻障层。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,进行上述预备退火步骤的温度范围可介于250℃至450℃之间。
更佳地,进行上述预备退火步骤的温度为400℃,进行上述预备退火步骤的时间为30分钟。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,包含锗烷(GeH4)和/或硅烷(SiH4)的上述环境可更包括(除了氨气(NH3)以外)例如氮气的一惰性气体。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,选择性成长至少一覆盖层的上述步骤可使上述铜导电结构暴露于包含锗烷(GeH4)的上述环境下,以于上述铜导电结构上沉积一CuGeyNz覆盖层。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,选择性成长至少一覆盖层的上述步骤可使上述铜导电结构暴露于包含硅烷(SiH4)的上述环境下,以于上述铜导电结构上沉积一CuSixNz覆盖层。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,选择性成长至少一覆盖层的上述步骤可使上述铜导电结构暴露于包含锗烷(GeH4)和/或硅烷(SiH4)的上述环境下,以于上述铜导电结构上沉积一CuSixSixNz覆盖层。
可重复两次选择性成长至少一覆盖层的上述步骤,以形成一CuSixNz覆盖层和一CuGeyNz覆盖层的两层覆盖层的叠层。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,于形成上述至少一覆盖层的步骤之后,可进行一额外的热退火步骤。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,可于进行上述氨气(NH3)等离子体处理步骤之后,可进行一额外的热退火步骤。
在依据本发明实施例的方法中,于沉积上述介电阻障层的步骤之后,可进行一额外的热退火步骤。
本发明的另一实施例揭示一种半导体装置,包括:
一半导体基板;
一绝缘层,设置于上述半导体基板上方,上述绝缘层具有一嵌入式铜导电结构;以及
一自对准的铜的氮硅锗化物(CuSixGeyNz)覆盖层,设置于上述嵌入式铜导电结构的顶面上。
在依据本发明实施例的半导体装置中,上述自对准的覆盖层可为一CuSixNz覆盖层和一CuGeyNz覆盖层形成的两层覆盖层的叠层结构。
在依据本发明实施例的半导体装置中,上述自对准的覆盖层的厚度可介于3nm至20nm之间。
依据本发明实施例的半导体装置可包括一介电阻障层,覆盖于上述自对准的覆盖层和上述绝缘层。
本发明的一实施例提供于一铜导电结构上(或其顶面上)沉积至少一铜的氮锗化物(CuGeyNz)和/或铜的氮硅化物(CuSixNz)。
图1A至图1D为本发明一实施例的铜导电结构2的示意图,上述铜导电结构2上形成有一改良的CuSixNz和/或CuGeyNz覆盖层6。
图2为本发明一实施例的CuSixNz和/或CuGeyNz(双层)覆盖层的工艺流程图,上述CuSixNz和/或CuGeyNz(双层)覆盖层具有良好和稳定的片电阻。
依据本发明的实施例,上述方法选择性地提供设置于一嵌入式铜导电结构2上的一覆盖层6,上述覆盖层包括铜以及硅和/或锗,包括下列步骤:
对上述铜导电结构2进行一预备退火步骤;
利用暴露上述铜导电结构于包含锗烷(GeH4)和/或硅烷(SiH4)以及额外添加氨气(NH3)的源气体的一环境3下,于上述铜导电结构2上选择性成长(或形成、或沉积)至少一覆盖层4;
进行一氨气(NH3)等离子体处理步骤5;以及
沉积一介电阻障层7。
依据本发明实施例的上述铜导电结构2为部分单镶嵌或双镶嵌内连线结构(沟槽或介层孔插塞)。
上述铜导电结构2内嵌于一介电层1(绝缘层1)中,上述介电层1例如为二氧化硅和其他公知的低介电常数介电材料,其用以隔绝内连线结构。
上述介电层1沉积于一半导体基板10上(例如晶片),上述半导体基板10还包括有源元件。
依据本发明实施例的覆盖层4包括铜以及硅和/或锗。
依据本发明实施例的对上述铜导电结构2进行的预备退火的上述步骤使铜产生额外的裸片成长。
化学机械平坦化工艺后的铜导电结构2表面的产生的上述额外的裸片成长,换言之,使裸片成长的上述额外的退火步骤(于化学机械平坦化铜导电结构2之后进行)可有效地消除靠近硅和/或锗的扩散路径的缺陷和晶界。
本发明实施例利用于上述化学机械平坦化工艺后(直接或不直接)进行一预备退火步骤以解决硅和/或锗的扩散路径的问题。
进行上述预备退火步骤的温度范围较佳介于250℃至450℃之间。
进行上述预备退火步骤的温度较佳为400℃,进行上述预备退火步骤的时间较佳为30分钟。
上述预备退火步骤会改善上述金属导线的片电阻(Rs)。
上述预备退火步骤可使金属导线的电阻降低。
可于沉积上述覆盖层之例如化学气相沉积反应室的相同反应室中进行上述预备退火步骤。
可利用快速热退火方式(RTA)进行上述预备退火步骤。
于形成上述覆盖层4之前对上述铜导电结构2进行的上述预备退火步骤,避免锗或硅掺质从上述覆盖层4或形成上述覆盖层4期间的锗烷(GeH4)及硅烷(SiH4)气体(扩散)进入上述铜导电结构2。
存在于铜裸片边界中、界面中或铜裸片中的锗或硅掺质会妨碍铜裸片的成长,且会增加铜的电阻率。
锗或硅掺质导致的高片电阻值(Rs)会因而改善。
可利用暴露上述铜导电结构2于包含锗烷(GeH4)和/或硅烷(SiH4)的一环境3下,进行于上述铜导电结构2上选择性成长至少一覆盖层4的步骤。
进行选择性成长至少一覆盖层4的上述步骤的温度范围较佳介于200℃至400℃之间。
上述覆盖层4的厚度可介于3nm至20nm之间。
为了于成长(或形成、或沉积)上述覆盖层4的期间氮化上述覆盖层4,于包含锗烷(GeH4)(和/或硅烷(SiH4))的上述环境3中添加氨气(NH3)。
上述环境3可更包括例如氮气的惰性气体成分。
依据本发明的实施例,利用暴露已进行预备退火步骤的上述铜导电结构2于硅烷(SiH4)的一环境3下,进行成长(或形成、或沉积)一覆盖层4的步骤,以形成至少一铜硅化物覆盖层4。
于成长(或形成、或沉积)上述覆盖层4的期间再添加氨气(NH3),会形成部分氮化的铜硅化物层或CuSixNz层。
于上述铜导电结构2上选择性地成长一CuSixNz层。换言之,形成一自对准的CuSixNz层。
依据本发明的实施例利用将已进行预备退火步骤的上述铜导电结构2暴露于锗烷(GeH4)的一环境3下,进行成长(或形成、或沉积)一覆盖层4的步骤,以形成至少一铜锗化物覆盖层4。
于成长(或形成、或沉积)上述覆盖层4的期间再添加氨气(NH3),会形成部分氮化的铜锗化物层或CuGeyNz层。
于上述铜导电结构4上选择性地成长一CuGeyNz层。换言之,形成一自对准的CuGeyNz层。
依据本发明的实施例的成长(或形成、或沉积)一覆盖层4的步骤形成由两层覆盖层组成的双层覆盖层。
上述双层覆盖层的形成方式为,先将经过预备退火的上述铜导电结构2暴露于锗烷(GeH4)(或硅烷(SiH4))的一环境3下,以形成至少一第一铜锗化物(或硅化物)覆盖层。然后,再将上述铜导电结构2暴露于硅烷(SiH4)(或锗烷(GeH4))的一环境3下,以形成至少一第二铜硅化物(或锗化物)覆盖层。
于成长(或形成、或沉积)上述覆盖层的期间再添加氨气(NH3),会形成部分氮化的铜锗化物层(或硅化物)或CuGeyNz(或CuSixNz)层。
于上述铜导电结构的顶面上选择性地成长(或形成、或沉积)包含(包括一CuGeyNz层和一CuSixNz层,或由一CuGeyNz层和一CuSixNz层构成)一CuGeyNz层和一CuSixNz层的一双层覆盖层。换言之,形成一自对准的双层覆盖层。
依据本发明实施例的至少一包含硅和锗的覆盖层成为分子式为CuSixGeyNz的化合覆盖层,其可结合CuGeyNz层和CuSixNz层两者的特性。
可利用暴露上述铜导电结构2的表面于包含锗烷(GeH4)及硅烷(SiH4)的一环境3下,进行于上述铜导电结构2上选择性成长(或形成、或沉积)上述CuSixGeyNz的化合覆盖层4的步骤,其中上述环境可(选择性)添加氨气(NH3)。
如果需要选择性成长(或形成、或沉积)一自对准的CuSixGey层,则可将上述铜导电结构2的表面暴露于包含锗烷(GeH4)及硅烷(SiH4)的一环境3下。
如果需要选择性成长(或形成、或沉积)一自对准的CuSixGeyNz层,则可将上述铜导电结构2的表面暴露于包含锗烷(GeH4)及硅烷(SiH4)的一环境3下,其中上述环境可添加氨气(NH3)。
在形成上述覆盖层的期间添加氨气(NH3),可具有避免(降低)锗和/或硅从上述覆盖层4穿透进入上述铜导电结构2中的优点。
依据本发明的实施例,可于形成至少一覆盖层4的步骤之后进行一额外的热退火步骤。
于形成CuGeyNz层和CuSixNz层的期间,在锗烷(GeH4)或硅烷(SiH4)与上述铜导电结构2产生热反应时添加氨气(NH3),也可降低移动/自由的锗和硅离子穿透进入上述铜导电结构2而降低片电阻(Rs)。
依据本发明的实施例,于成长(或形成、或沉积)上述覆盖层4的步骤之后可进行一氨气(NH3)等离子体处理的步骤,以形成一完全氮化的覆盖层6。
依据本发明的实施例,于进行一氨气(NH3)等离子体处理的步骤之后可进行一额外的热退火步骤,以形成一完全氮化的覆盖层。
依据本发明的实施例,于上述至少一覆盖层的顶面上沉积一介电阻障层7的步骤可包括沉积介电常数小于4的一蚀刻停止层。
合适的上述蚀刻停止层可包括碳化硅(SiC)、掺杂碳的氮化硅(SiCN)、掺杂碳的氧化硅(SiCO)、氮化硅(SiN)、碳基材料,举例来说,碳化锗(GeC)、掺杂碳的氮化锗(GeCN)、掺杂碳的氧化锗(GeCO)、氮化锗(GeN)或其组合。
上述介电阻障层7(蚀刻停止层7)的厚度可介于20nm至100nm之间。
也可于形成上述覆盖层6之后可利用“原位(in-situ)”方式形成上述介电阻障层7。举例来说,如果锗烷(GeH4)和氨气(NH3)共同存在于一等离子体环境中,将会形成氮化锗,其可作为完全覆盖上述晶片的一毯覆层。
依据本发明的实施例,于沉积一介电阻障层7的步骤之后可进行一额外的热退火步骤。
本发明的实施例的一优点为,此一新颖的覆盖层6可为化合覆盖层(CuSixGeyNz结合层)或为上述新颖的双覆盖层6(CuSixNz/CuGeyNz或CuGeyNz/CuSixNz),其可结合CuSixNz层和CuGeyNz层的优点。
对于铜的向外扩散效应而言,CuSixNz已知可提供较CuGeyNz佳的阻障性能。所以当CuSixNz作为一覆盖层6时,可使用较薄的蚀刻停止层7(ESL)(例如SiC、SiCN、SiCNO等)以降低有效介电常数值。
另一方面,相较于CuGeyNz的锗而言,CuSixNz中的硅会较快地扩散进入铜中。当CuGeyNz和CuSixNz作为覆盖层6时,CuSixNz会比CuGeyNz明显增加较多的片电阻(Rs)。
可结合CuSixNz层和CuGeyNz层的优点:CuSixGeyNz、CuSixNz/CuGeyNz或CuGeyNz/CuSixNz叠层可降低片电阻的增加程度和防止铜的向外扩散效应,以降低有效介电常数值。
图4为片电阻值(Rs)的比较图。其显示利用公知技术形成的顶面具有CuGeyNz覆盖层的电化学沉积的铜(ECP-Cu)结构的片电阻值、利用本发明实施例方法形成的顶面具有CuGeyNz覆盖层的电化学沉积的铜结构的片电阻值和无CuGeyNz覆盖层的电化学沉积的铜结构的片电阻值的比较。
实施例
第一实施例:CuSixGeyNz覆盖层的形成方式
以下为于一化学气相沉积反应室(CVD chamber)中沉积一CuSixGeyNz覆盖层(于对铜导电结构进行例如工艺温度为400℃,工艺时间为30分钟(预备)退火的步骤之后进行)的适当工艺参数。
气体压力~4torr
硅烷(SiH4)流量~100sccm
锗烷(GeH4)流量~10sccm
氮气(N2)流量~20000sccm
氨气(NH3)流量~1000sccm
工艺温度为350℃,工艺时间为数分钟。
“原位(in-situ)”方式之后氨气(NH3)等离子体处理的适当工艺参数为:
等离子体功率~500W
氨气(NH3)流量~1000sccm
氮气(N2)流量~10000sccm
工艺温度为350℃,工艺时间为30分钟。
除了锗烷(GeH4)和氨气(NH3)的使用顺序不同之外,沉积一双覆盖层(叠层)CuSixNz/CuGeyNz的适当工艺参数类似于上述沉积CuSixGeyNz覆盖层的工艺参数。
虽然本发明已以实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可做些许更动与润饰,因此本发明的保护范围当视所附的权利要求所界定的范围为准。
Claims (18)
1.一种包括铜、氮以及硅和/或锗的覆盖层(6)的制造方法,该覆盖层设置于一铜导电结构(2)上,包括下列步骤:
利用暴露铜导电结构(2)于包含锗烷和/或硅烷的一环境(3)下,于该铜导电结构(2)上形成至少一覆盖层(4),形成该至少一覆盖层的温度范围介于200℃至400℃之间;
进行一氨气等离子体处理步骤(5),借此形成一至少一部分氮化的覆盖层(6);以及
于该至少一部分氮化的覆盖层(6)上形成一介电阻障层(7);
其特征在于:
于形成该至少一覆盖层的步骤之前,对该铜导电结构进行一预备退火步骤,进行该预备退火步骤的温度范围介于250℃至450℃之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中进行该预备退火步骤的时间为至少15分钟。
3.如权利要求2所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中进行该预备退火步骤的温度为400℃。
4.如权利要求1至3任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中氨气添加于包含锗烷和/或硅烷的该环境中,借此形成该至少一部分氮化的覆盖层。
5.如权利要求4所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中该环境包括锗烷与氨气的混合气体,以形成一至少一部分氮化的铜锗化物覆盖层。
6.如权利要求4所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中该环境包括硅烷与氨气的混合气体,以形成一至少一部分氮化的铜硅化物覆盖层。
7.如权利要求4所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中该环境包括锗烷、硅烷与氨气的混合气体,以形成一至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物覆盖层。
8.如权利要求1至6任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中于形成该至少一覆盖层的步骤之后或进行该氨气等离子体处理步骤之后,重复形成该至少一覆盖层的步骤,以形成包括至少两层该覆盖层的一叠层,其中一层包括一部分氮化的一铜锗化物覆盖层,另一层包括一部分氮化的一铜硅化物覆盖层。
9.如权利要求1至8任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中包含锗烷和/或硅烷的该环境包括氮气的一惰性气体。
10.如权利要求1至9任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中于形成该覆盖层的步骤之后、于形成该至少一部分氮化的覆盖层的步骤之后和/或形成该介电阻障层的步骤之后,进行一热退火步骤。
11.如权利要求1至10任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中对该铜导电结构进行该预备退火步骤、形成该覆盖层和/或该一部分氮化的覆盖层的步骤于同一反应室进行。
12.如权利要求1至11任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中对该铜导电结构进行该预备退火步骤、形成该覆盖层和/或该一部分氮化的覆盖层的步骤于不同反应室进行。
13.如权利要求1至11任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法于一嵌入式铜导电结构(2)的顶面上形成一自对准的至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物覆盖层(6)。
14.如权利要求13任一所述的覆盖层的制造方法,其中该自对准的至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物覆盖层(6)的厚度介于3nm至20nm之间。
15.一种半导体装置,包括:
一半导体基板(10);
一绝缘层(1),设置于该半导体基板上方,该绝缘层具有一嵌入式铜导电结构(2);以及
一自对准的至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物覆盖层(6),设置于该嵌入式铜导电结构(2)的顶面上。
16.一种半导体装置,包括:
一半导体基板(10);
一绝缘层(1),设置于该半导体基板上方,该绝缘层具有一嵌入式铜导电结构(2);
一自对准的覆盖层(6),设置于该嵌入式铜导电结构(2)的顶面上,该自对准的覆盖层包括由两层覆盖层形成的一叠层结构,该叠层结构包括一层至少一部分氮化的铜硅化物覆盖层和一层至少一部分氮化的铜锗化物覆盖层。
17.如权利要求15所述的半导体装置,其中该自对准的至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物覆盖层的厚度介于3nm至20nm之间。
18.如权利要求15至17任一所述的半导体装置,还包括一介电阻障层(7),覆盖于该自对准的至少一部分氮化的铜硅锗化物覆盖层和该绝缘层(1)。
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CN101515563B (zh) | 2011-07-27 |
JP2009130369A (ja) | 2009-06-11 |
US20090134521A1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
US7858519B2 (en) | 2010-12-28 |
EP2065927B1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
EP2065927A1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
JP5496493B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
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