CN101346157A - 带有针头保护帽的具有内、外套管的自动注射装置 - Google Patents

带有针头保护帽的具有内、外套管的自动注射装置 Download PDF

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CN101346157A
CN101346157A CNA200580051939XA CN200580051939A CN101346157A CN 101346157 A CN101346157 A CN 101346157A CN A200580051939X A CNA200580051939X A CN A200580051939XA CN 200580051939 A CN200580051939 A CN 200580051939A CN 101346157 A CN101346157 A CN 101346157A
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CN101346157B (zh
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R·L·哈伯斯霍
D·M·约翰斯顿
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种注射装置(110)，其具有外壳(112)，该外壳容纳注射器(114)，该注射器具有用于覆盖其针头(118)的密封套筒(123)。可释放的锁定机构将注射器(114)保持在回缩位置。套管(119)从出口孔(128)中伸出，按压该套管能够释放锁定机构。可移去的螺纹帽(111)封闭外壳(112)、覆盖出口孔(128)和套管(119)，由此阻止锁定机构被释放，并与注射器(114)上的套筒(123)接合。当移去帽(111)时，套筒(123)一起被移去，从而不再封闭出口孔(128)并且不再阻止锁定机构被释放。然后，可以将锁定机构释放，注射循环开始。

Description

带有针头保护帽的具有内、外套管的自动注射装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种注射装置，这种类型的注射装置容纳注射器、使其伸出、排放其内容物并且之后使其自动回缩。
背景技术
在WO95/35126和EP-A-0 516473中示出了上述类型的注射装置，其倾向于使用驱动弹簧和一些类型的释放机构，该释放机构在注射器的内容物应该已经排出后，使注射器不再受驱动弹簧的影响，从而允许注射器通过复位弹簧回缩。
一般来说，复位弹簧由于其回复力必须被驱动弹簧来克服而相对较弱，即使在注射循环过程中驱动弹簧作用于注射装置的各部件和注射器上时。这在注射装置与密封的皮下注射器一起使用时会产生问题，该皮下注射器示例性地具有覆盖于皮下注射针头上并保持注射器内容物无菌的密封罩或“套筒”。当然，有必要保持注射器内容物无菌直到给药，也就是说对于设置成一次性的装置而言，套筒一定要同注射装置内的注射器一起移去。
示例性地，从注射器上移去套筒的动作只需从注射器上拔掉套筒，所需力的大小超过20N。该力明显大于复位弹簧的回复力，因此在移去套筒时注射器将被拔出注射装置，而当套筒脱开时注射器将回复到适当的位置。这并不是操纵注射器的最佳方式。振动会使注射器受到损坏，针头会受到损坏并且可能出现注射器与注射装置的作用在注射器上的那些部件再次接合的问题。即使在没有复位弹簧的情况下，例如在注射器通过与注射装置的部件发生摩擦而保持在适当位置的情况下，也存在将注射器重新定位在注射装置的作用于注射器上的那些部件上的问题。
发明内容
本发明的注射装置被设计用来解决所述问题。
根据本发明的第一方面的注射装置包括：
外壳，其适于容纳注射器，所述注射器具有排放喷嘴和覆盖其排放喷嘴的套筒，所述注射器能够在回缩位置和伸出位置之间移动，在所述回缩位置，排放喷嘴容纳在所述外壳中，在所述伸出位置，排放喷嘴通过出口孔从所述外壳伸出；
可释放的锁定机构，其用于将所述注射器保持在回缩位置；以及
外壳闭合构件，其能够位于第一位置和第二位置，在所述第一位置，所述外壳闭合构件位于所述外壳上并且阻止所述锁定机构被释放，在所述第二位置，所述外壳闭合构件不阻止所述锁定机构被释放，所述外壳闭合构件在第一位置处与所述套筒接合，使得所述外壳闭合构件在向其第二位置移动时将所述套筒从注射器上移去。
当所述外壳闭合构件位于其第一位置时，所述外壳闭合构件不仅位于所述外壳上并且与所述套筒接合，而且阻止所述锁定机构被释放。因此，所述注射器被锁定在其回缩位置，无法被向前驱动。当移动所述外壳闭合构件时，所述套筒随同所述外壳闭合构件一起移动，在该过程中所述锁定机构仍然阻止所述注射器移动。之后，可以根据需要释放所述锁定机构，从而允许在使用所述装置时能够向前驱动所述注射器。因此，所述注射器只有在所述套筒被移去的情况下才能向前移动，而在移去所述套筒的过程中所述注射器无法向前移动。
优选地，所述注射装置还包括：
致动器；以及
驱动器，其受所述致动器作用，又作用于所述注射器，以将所述注射器从其回缩位置推进到其伸出位置，并通过所述排放喷嘴排放注射器的内容物。
优选地，当所述外壳闭合构件位于其第一位置时，其闭合通向所述排放喷嘴的所述出口孔。为了便利，所述闭合构件可以是可移除的。换句话说，在第一位置处的所述外壳闭合构件位于所述外壳上，在所述第二位置处其不在所述外壳上。例如，所述外壳闭合构件可以是帽，所述帽借助于螺纹定位在所述外壳上。
如上所述，所述外壳通常包括用于将所述注射器从其伸出位置偏压至其回缩位置的装置。在这种情况下，优选设有复位机构，当所述驱动器到达标称的复位位置时，所述复位机构被致动，以将所述注射器从所述致动器的作用下释放，由此所述偏压装置使所述注射器回复到其回缩位置。
所述装置可以包括释放机构，其可操作以释放所述锁定机构，从而允许所述致动器将所述注射器从其回缩位置推进到其伸出位置。在这种情况下，在第一位置的所述外壳闭合构件阻止所述释放机构被操作。例如，所述释放机构可以是能够在锁定位置和释放位置之间移动的主要构件，在第一位置的所述外壳闭合构件覆盖所述主要构件。
一种尤其有效的结构是在锁定位置的所述主要构件从所述出口孔中伸出，在所述释放位置的所述主要构件不从所述出口孔中伸出或者仅从所述出口孔中伸出很小的程度。这意味着可以通过使所述注射装置的端部与注射部位处的皮肤接触来将所述主要构件从其锁定位置移动到其释放位置。这将容易地确保在注射循环开始之前将所述注射装置相对于所述注射部位定位在最佳位置。套管形式的主要构件使其接触皮肤的面积相对较大，并且允许所述注射器的排放喷嘴在其中被推进和缩回。在皮下注射器的情况下，所述套管将遮蔽所述针头使其不被看见，这有利于防止作呕，尤其对于向自己施药的那些人。
一种简单形式的锁定机构包括闩锁构件，其位于所述外壳内并且被偏压到与锁定表面接合的位置，所述释放机构用于使其从与锁定表面接合的位置移动到不再与所述锁定表面接合的位置。当结合如上所述的可移动的主要构件时可以得到下述结构。所述主要构件包括闩锁开口，所述闩锁构件在与所述锁定表面接合之前通过所述闩锁开口伸出，所述主要构件用作凸轮，所述闩锁构件用作凸轮随动件，从而所述主要构件从其锁定位置移动到其释放位置使得所述闩锁构件脱离所述锁定表面。所述闩锁构件可以包括倾斜表面，所述主要构件的表面抵靠作用在所述倾斜表面上以使所述闩锁构件脱离所述锁定表面。
所述注射装置还可以包括：
扳机，其能够从静止位置运动到启动位置，在所述静止位置，所述扳机致使所述驱动器保持在对应于所述注射器的回缩位置的位置上，在所述启动位置，所述扳机不再如此保持所述驱动器，从而允许所述致动器推进所述驱动器，所述驱动器又将所述注射器从其回缩位置推进到其伸出位置，通过排放喷嘴排放所述注射器的内容物；以及
互锁构件，其能够在锁定位置和释放位置之间移动，在所述锁定位置，所述互锁构件阻止所述扳机从其静止位置运动到其启动位置，在所述释放位置，所述互锁构件允许所述扳机从其静止位置运动到其启动位置，之后所述扳机被保持在其启动位置。
这种装置提供准备使用或已经被使用的视觉指示。如果准备使用所述装置，所述扳机位于其静止位置。如果已经使用所述装置，所述扳机则位于其启动位置。这些位置可以由使用者来辨别。此外，出于简化的目的，所述装置将用于获得上述效果的机构合并到安全互锁机构中。所述扳机可以包括锁定构件，其在所述扳机处于静止位置时与所述驱动器的锁定表面接合，在所述扳机处于启动位置时不与所述锁定表面接合。
所述互锁构件可以包括主要构件，所述互锁构件在锁定位置时所述主要构件从所述出口孔中伸出，所述互锁构件在所述释放位置时所述主要构件未从所述出口孔中伸出或者仅从所述出口孔中伸出很小的程度。这意味着可以通过使所述注射装置的端部与注射部位处的皮肤接触来将所述互锁构件从其锁定位置移动到其释放位置。这将容易地确保在注射循环开始之前将所述注射装置相对于所述注射部位定位在最佳位置。套管形式的主要构件使其接触皮肤的面积相对较大，并且允许所述注射器的排放喷嘴在其中被推进和缩回。在皮下注射器的情况下，所述套管将遮蔽所述针头使其不被看见，这有利于防止作呕，尤其对于向自己施药的那些人。
如下述可以将所述扳机锁定在其静止位置。所述扳机和互锁构件包括突起和孔，当所述互锁构件位于其释放位置时，所述突起与所述孔对准，而在其它情况下所述突起未与所述孔对准。这允许通过将所述突起移动到所述孔中来使所述扳机从其静止位置移动到其启动位置。所述突起可以位于所述扳机上，所述孔位于所述互锁构件中。
如下述可以将所述扳机保持在其启动位置。所述扳机和所述装置的另一个部件包括闩锁突起和相应的闩锁表面，当所述扳机位于其启动位置时，所述闩锁突起抵靠所述相应的闩锁表面并与其锁紧。所述闩锁突起可以位于所述扳机上。所述装置的另一个部件优选是所述互锁构件。
附图说明
以下参照附图以示例的方式对本发明进行说明，其中：
图1示出了注射装置的在将帽固定到其上之前的端部；
图2示出了注射装置的当帽被固定在其上时的端部；
图3为注射装置的剖视图，其中，帽被固定在注射装置上；
图4为在将帽移去之后注射装置的剖视图；
图5为图4的局部放大图；
图6为一种被进一步改进的注射装置的剖视示意图；
图7为这种被改进的注射装置的断面图；以及
图8为一种优选的注射装置的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了注射装置外壳112的端部和帽111。下面将更加详细地描述装置的其它部件，从图中可以看出帽111包括螺纹113，该螺纹113与外壳端部上的相应的螺纹115配合。外壳112的端部具有出口孔128，套管119的端部可以从该出口孔128中伸出。帽111具有中心凸起部121，该中心凸起部121在帽111被安装到外壳112上时配合在套管119中，如图2所示。
图3更加具体地示出了注射装置110。外壳112容纳常规类型的皮下注射器114，该注射器114包括注射器主体116，其一端终止于皮下注射针头118，另一端终止于凸缘120。通常用来手动排放注射器114的内容物的常规柱塞被移除，并用驱动元件134来代替，该驱动元件134终止于塞子122。塞子122将待施加的药物124限制在注射器主体116内。虽然所示注射器是皮下注射器类型，这并非必需的。经皮的或穿真皮层的以及皮下的注射器都可以用于本发明的注射装置。如图所示，外壳包括复位弹簧126，该复位弹簧126将注射器114从伸出位置偏压到回缩位置，在伸出位置，针头118从外壳112中的孔128中伸出，在回缩位置，排放针头118被容纳在外壳112中。该复位弹簧126通过注射器托架127作用在注射器114上。
在外壳的另一端处是致动器，该致动器在这里表现为压缩驱动弹簧130的形式。来自驱动弹簧130的驱动通过多部件驱动器传递到注射器114上，以便使注射器从其回缩位置前进到其伸出位置，并通过针头118排放其内容物。驱动器通过直接作用在药物124和注射器114上完成该任务。通过药物124作用的流体静压力以及初始作用在塞子122和注射器主体116之间的较小的静摩擦保证它们一起前进，直到复位弹簧126触底或注射器主体116遇到一些其它阻碍其运动的障碍(未示出)。
驱动弹簧130和注射器114之间的多部件驱动器包括三个主要的部件。驱动套管131从驱动弹簧130获得驱动并将其传递到第一驱动元件132上的柔性闩锁臂133上。这样又经由柔性闩锁臂135将驱动传递到第二驱动元件即已经提及的驱动元件134上。
第一驱动元件132包括中空杆140，该中空杆140的内腔形成与出口144连通的收集室142，出口144从收集室延伸穿过杆140的端部。第二驱动元件134包括盲孔146，盲孔146在一端打开以接收杆140，而另一端封闭。如图所示，盲孔146和中空杆140限定了储液器148，其中存有减震液。
设置扳机(未示出)，在操作该扳机时，其用于使驱动套管131与外壳112分离，从而允许该驱动套管131在驱动弹簧130的作用下相对于外壳112移动。装置的操作如下。
初始，驱动弹簧130移动驱动套管131，驱动套管131通过柔性闩锁臂133使第一驱动元件132移动，第一驱动元件132通过柔性闩锁臂135使第二驱动元件134移动。第二驱动元件134移动，并且依靠静摩擦和待施加药物124作用的流体静压力使注射器主体116克服复位弹簧126的作用而移动。复位弹簧126压缩，皮下注射针头118从外壳112的出口孔128中伸出。这持续直到复位弹簧126触底或注射器主体116遇到一些其它阻碍其运动的障碍(未示出)。由于第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的静摩擦以及通过待施加药物124作用的流体静压力不足以抵抗驱动弹簧130所产生的全部驱动力，此时第二驱动元件134开始在注射器主体116内部移动并且药物124开始排放。但是，第二驱动元件134和注射器主体116之间的动摩擦以及通过待施加药物124作用的流体静压力足以将复位弹簧126保持在其压缩状态，从而皮下注射针头118保持伸出。
在第二驱动元件134到达其在注射器主体116中的行程末端之前，即在注射器的内容物被完全排出之前，连接第一驱动元件132和第二驱动元件134的柔性闩锁臂135到达外壳112中的收缩部137。该收缩部137借助于其上的斜面使柔性闩锁臂135从图示位置向内运动到不再将第一驱动元件132连接到第二驱动元件134上的位置。一旦这种情况出现，第一驱动元件132不再作用于第二驱动元件134上，从而允许第一驱动元件132相对于第二驱动元件134移动。
由于减震液容纳于限定在第一驱动元件132的端部和第二驱动元件134内的盲孔146之间的储液器148中，当第一驱动元件132被驱动弹簧130作用时，储液器148的容积将随着第一驱动元件132相对于第二驱动元件134的移动而减小。随着储液器148的容积减小，迫使减震液通过出口144进入收集室142中。这样，一旦柔性闩锁臂135被释放，由驱动弹簧130施加的力将作用于减震液使得其流过由出口144形成的收缩部，并在流体静压以及第一和第二驱动元件132、134之间的摩擦的作用下作用于第二驱动元件134。与减震液的流动相关的损耗不会在很大程度上削弱作用在注射器主体上的力。因此，复位弹簧126保持被压缩并且皮下注射针头保持伸出状态。
一段时间后，第二驱动元件134在注射器主体116内完成其行程并且不能进一步前进。此时，注射器114的内容物被完全排放，驱动弹簧130施加的力用于将第二驱动元件134保持在其终点位置并继续使减震液流过出口144，从而允许第一驱动元件132继续移动。
在储液器148的流体排空前，连接驱动套管131和第一驱动元件132的柔性闩锁臂133到达外壳112内的另一个收缩部139。该收缩部139借助于其上的斜面使柔性闩锁臂133从图示位置向内运动到不再将驱动套管131连接到第一驱动元件132上的位置。一旦这种情况出现，驱动套管131不再作用于第一驱动元件132，从而允许它们彼此相对移动。此时，当然，注射器114被释放，这是因为驱动弹簧130施加的力不能再传递给注射器114，作用在注射器上的力仅有来自复位弹簧126的回复力。因此，注射器114回复到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。
当然，上述操作过程只有在将帽111从外壳112的端部移去的情况下才会发生。如图3所示，注射器的端部由套筒123密封。帽111的当其安装在外壳112上时配合在套管119内的中心凸起部121的端部是中空的，该中空端部的唇缘125的前缘157倾斜，后缘不倾斜。因此，在安装帽111时，唇缘125的前缘157跨过套筒123上的肩部159。但是，在移去帽111时，唇缘125的后缘将不跨过肩部159，这意味着当移去帽111时套筒123脱离注射器114。
同时，在图4和5中可以清楚地看到，通过位于外壳112内且被偏压至与注射器托架127的锁定表面163相接合的位置上的弹性闩锁构件161来阻止注射器托架127运动，其中，注射器114相对于该注射器托架127不能运动。该闩锁构件161在与锁定表面163接合之前穿过套管119内的闩锁开口165延伸，套管119的端部从出口孔128中凸出。闩锁构件161包括倾斜表面167，闩锁开口165的边缘171以作用在凸轮随动件上的凸轮的方式抵靠作用在倾斜表面167上。因此，套管119朝向外壳112内的运动，或者换句话说对套管的凸出端的按压，使得闩锁开口165的边缘171与闩锁构件161的倾斜表面167接触，进一步按压套管的凸出端使得闩锁构件161向外运动并由此从锁定表面163上脱离。可以通过使注射装置的端部与注射部位处的皮肤接触来按压套管119。一旦闩锁构件161从锁定表面163上脱离，注射器托架127就可以根据需要在致动器和驱动器的作用下自由移动。
图6和7示出了可以进一步被改进的装置。虽然图6和7在一些细节上与图4和5不同，但以下讨论的原理可以应用到图4和5所示的装置上。如图所示，装置包括扳机300，该扳机300具有位于一端的按钮302和一对凸耳304，所述凸耳304与位于外壳112内侧上的销(未示出)协作以允许扳机围绕通过两个凸耳304的轴线枢转。扳机300的主体部分形成锁定构件306，其中，按钮302和凸耳304固定在该主体部分上。在所示位置中，锁定构件306的远离按钮302的端部与驱动套管131的端部接合，驱动弹簧130作用在驱动套管131上，驱动套管131又作用在前述多部件驱动器上。这防止驱动套管131在驱动弹簧130的作用下移动。当压下按钮302时，扳机300围绕凸耳304枢转，使得锁定构件306的端部从与驱动套管131接合的状态下被提升，从而允许驱动套管131在驱动弹簧130的作用下移动。
图7示出了位于外壳112端部中的出口孔128，可以看到套管119的端部从该出口孔128中伸出。如图6所示，套管119与按钮锁定件310连接，该按钮锁定件310与套管119一起移动。扳机包括止动销312，按钮锁定件310包括止动孔314，如图6所示，该止动孔314与止动销312未对准。然而，通过使套管119向内移动并由此使得按钮锁定件310也相应移动来将止动孔314与止动销312对准。在止动销312与止动孔314未对准时，按钮302不能被压下，一旦止动销312与止动孔314对准，便可以压下按钮302。扳机300还包括带倒钩的柔性闩锁突起316，按钮锁定件310还包括闩锁表面318，当按钮被压下时闩锁突起316与闩锁表面318接合。一旦闩锁突起316与闩锁表面318锁紧，扳机300的按钮302被恒定保持在其压下位置。
因此，使套管119朝向外壳112的内部运动，或者换句话说按压套管的凸出端，使得止动销312与止动孔314对准，从而允许压下扳机按钮302，由此该扳机按钮302通过闩锁突起316和闩锁表面318保持在其压下位置。可以通过使注射装置的端部与注射部位处的皮肤接触来按压套管119，这将容易地确保在注射循环开始之前将套管119定位在适当位置。
使用套管119来释放和锁定扳机300并且允许注射器托架127与阻止套管119被按压的套筒移去帽111一起移动，由此形成具有良好设计的一体式注射装置。
图8示出了一种优选的注射装置210，参照图6和7的上述改进被应用到该注射装置210上。同样，外壳212容纳皮下注射器214。注射器214仍然是常规类型的，其包括注射器主体216和橡胶塞子222，该注射器主体216一端终止于皮下注射针头218，另一端终止于凸缘220，该橡胶塞子222将待施加的药物224限制在注射器主体216内。通常与塞子222连接并用于手动排放注射器214的内容物的常规推筒被移除，并用多部件驱动元件来代替，下面将详细地描述。虽然所示注射器仍是皮下注射器类型，但这并非必需的。如图所示，外壳包括复位弹簧226，该复位弹簧226将注射器214从伸出位置偏压到回缩位置，在伸出位置，针头218从外壳212中的孔228中伸出，在回缩位置，皮下注射针头218被容纳在外壳212中。该复位弹簧226经由套管227作用在注射器214上。
在外壳的另一端是压缩驱动弹簧230。来自驱动弹簧230的驱动通过多部件驱动器传递到注射器214上，以便使注射器从其回缩位置前进到其伸出位置，并通过针头218排放其内容物。驱动器通过直接作用在药物224和注射器214上完成该任务。通过药物224作用的流体静压力以及在塞子222和注射器主体216之间的较小的静摩擦初始保证它们一起前进，直到复位弹簧226触底或注射器主体216遇到一些其它阻碍其运动的障碍(未示出)。
驱动弹簧230和注射器214之间的多部件驱动器也包括三个主要的部件。驱动套管231从驱动弹簧230获得驱动并将其传递到第一驱动元件232上的柔性闩锁臂233上。这些元件在细部图“A”中示出。第一驱动元件232又经由柔性闩锁臂235将驱动传递到第二驱动元件234上。这些元件在细部图“B”中示出。如前所述，第一驱动元件232包括中空杆240，该中空杆240的内腔形成收集室242。第二驱动元件234包括盲孔246，盲孔246在一端打开以接收杆240，而另一端封闭。如图所示，孔246和杆240限定了储液器248，其中存有减震液。
上述参照图6和7的扳机设在外壳212的中间。在操作该扳机时，其用于使驱动套管231与外壳212分离，从而允许该驱动套管231在驱动弹簧230的作用下相对于外壳212移动。装置的操作如下。
初始，驱动弹簧230移动驱动套管231，驱动套管231通过柔性闩锁臂233使第一驱动元件232移动，第一驱动元件232通过柔性闩锁臂235使第二驱动元件234移动。第二驱动元件234移动，并且依靠静摩擦和待施加的药物224作用的流体静压力使注射器主体216克服复位弹簧226的作用而移动。复位弹簧226压缩，皮下注射针头218从外壳212的出口孔228中伸出。这持续到复位弹簧226触底或注射器主体216遇到一些其它阻碍其运动的障碍。由于塞子222和注射器主体216之间的静摩擦以及通过待施加的药物224作用的流体静压力不足以抵抗驱动弹簧230所产生的全部驱动力，此时第二驱动元件234开始在注射器主体216内部移动并且药物224开始排放。但是，塞子222和注射器主体216之间的动摩擦以及通过待施加的药物224作用的流体静压力足以将复位弹簧226保持在其压缩状态，从而皮下注射针头218保持伸出。
在第二驱动元件234在注射器主体216中到达其移动末端之前，即在注射器的内容物被完全排出之前，连接第一驱动元件232和第二驱动元件234的柔性闩锁臂235到达收缩部237。该收缩部237通过部件262形成，该部件262起初可以相对于其它所有部件自由移动，但其被限制在注射器凸缘220和位于第二驱动元件234上的附加柔性臂247之间。这些附加柔性臂247位于第一驱动元件232上的柔性臂235上，借助于附加柔性臂247将驱动传递到第二驱动元件234上。图8示出了处于附加柔性臂247正好与部件262中的收缩部237接触的位置的注射装置210。
收缩部237借助于其上以及附加柔性臂247上的斜面使附加柔性臂247向内运动，附加柔性臂247又使柔性臂235从图示位置向内移动到不再使第一驱动元件和第二驱动元件连接在一起的位置，其中，借助于柔性臂235可以将驱动从第一驱动元件232传递到第二驱动元件234。一旦这种情况出现，第一驱动元件232不再作用于第二驱动元件234上，从而允许第一驱动元件232相对于第二驱动元件234移动。
由于减震液容纳于限定在第一驱动元件232的端部和第二驱动元件234内的盲孔246之间的储液器248中，当第一驱动元件232被驱动弹簧230作用时，储液器248的容积将随着第一驱动元件232相对于第二驱动元件234的移动而减小。随着储液器248的容积减小，迫使减震液进入收集室242中。这样，一旦柔性闩锁臂235被释放，由驱动弹簧230施加的力作用于减震液从而使得其流入收集室242内，并在流体静压以及第一和第二驱动元件232、234之间的摩擦的作用下作用于第二驱动元件234。与减震液的流动相关的损耗无法在很大程度上削弱作用在注射器主体上的力。因此，复位弹簧226保持被压缩并且皮下注射针头保持伸出状态。
一段时间后，第二驱动元件234在注射器主体216内完成其行程并且不能进一步前进。此时，注射器214的内容物被完全排放，驱动弹簧230施加的力用于将第二驱动元件234保持在其终点位置并继续促使减震液流入收集室142内，从而允许第一驱动元件232继续移动。
位于第二驱动元件234后部的凸缘270通常保持柔性臂233与驱动套管231接合。然而，在减震液的储液器248被排空之前，将驱动套管231与第一驱动元件232连接在一起的柔性闩锁臂233相对于第二驱动元件234向前移动足够远，使得凸缘270与柔性臂233中的槽口272对准，由此使凸缘270不再保持柔性臂233与驱动套管231接合。此时，驱动套管231借助于柔性臂233上的倾斜闩锁表面274将柔性闩锁臂233从图示位置向内运动到不再将驱动套管231连接到第一驱动元件232上的位置。一旦这种情况出现，驱动套管231不再作用于第一驱动元件232，从而允许它们彼此相对移动。此时，注射器214被释放，这是因为驱动弹簧230施加的力不再传递给注射器214，作用在注射器上的力仅有来自复位弹簧226的回复力。因此，注射器214此时回复到其回缩位置，注射循环完成。

Claims (21)

1.一种注射装置，包括：
外壳，其适于容纳注射器，所述注射器具有排放喷嘴和覆盖所述排放喷嘴的套筒，所述注射器能够在回缩位置和伸出位置之间移动，在所述回缩位置，所述排放喷嘴容纳在所述外壳中，在所述伸出位置，所述排放喷嘴通过出口孔从所述外壳伸出；
可释放的锁定机构，其将所述注射器保持在其回缩位置；以及
外壳闭合构件，其能够位于第一位置和第二位置，在所述第一位置，所述外壳闭合构件位于所述外壳上并且阻止所述锁定机构被释放，在所述第二位置，所述外壳闭合构件不阻止所述锁定机构被释放，所述外壳闭合构件在所述第一位置与所述套筒接合，使得所述外壳闭合构件在向其第二位置移动时将所述套筒从注射器上移去。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置，其中，所述外壳闭合构件在所述第一位置闭合通向所述排放喷嘴的所述出口孔，在所述第二位置不闭合所述出口孔。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的注射装置，其中，所述外壳闭合构件在所述第一位置时位于所述外壳上，在所述第二位置时不位于所述外壳上。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的注射装置，其中，所述外壳闭合构件是帽，所述帽位于所述外壳上。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的注射装置，还包括：
致动器；以及
驱动器，其受所述致动器作用，又作用于所述注射器，以将所述注射器从其回缩位置推进到其伸出位置，并通过所述排放喷嘴排放注射器的内容物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的注射装置，其中，所述外壳包括用于将所述注射器从其伸出位置偏压至其回缩位置的装置，所述注射装置还包括：
复位机构，当所述驱动器到达标称的复位位置时，所述复位机构被致动，以使所述注射器不受所述致动器的作用，由此所述偏压装置使所述注射器回复到其回缩位置。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的注射装置，还包括释放机构，其能够被操作以释放所述锁定机构，从而允许所述致动器将所述注射器从其回缩位置推进到其伸出位置，所述外壳闭合构件在所述第一位置时阻止所述释放机构被操作。
8.根据权利要求7所述的注射装置，其中，所述释放机构是主要构件，其能够在锁定位置和释放位置之间移动，所述外壳闭合构件在第一位置时覆盖所述主要构件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的注射装置，其中，所述主要构件在所述锁定位置时从所述出口孔中伸出，在所述释放位置时，所述主要构件不从所述出口孔中伸出或者仅从所述出口孔中伸出很小的程度。
10.根据权利要求9或10所述的注射装置，其中，所述主要构件是套管。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的注射装置，其中，所述锁定机构包括闩锁构件，其位于所述外壳内并且被偏压到与锁定表面接合的位置，所述释放机构用于将所述闩锁构件从所述与锁定表面接合的位置移动到不再与所述锁定表面接合的位置。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的注射装置，其中，所述锁定机构包括闩锁构件，其位于所述外壳内并且被偏压到与锁定表面接合的位置，所述主要构件包括闩锁开口，所述闩锁构件在与所述锁定表面接合之前通过所述闩锁开口伸出，所述主要构件用作凸轮，所述闩锁构件用作凸轮随动件，所述主要构件从其锁定位置向其释放位置的移动使得所述闩锁构件与所述锁定表面脱离接合。
13.根据权利要求12所述的注射装置，其中，所述闩锁构件包括倾斜表面，所述主要构件的表面抵靠作用在所述倾斜表面上以使所述闩锁构件与所述锁定表面脱离接合。
14.根据权利要求5-10中任一项所述的注射装置，还包括：
扳机，其能够从静止位置运动到启动位置，在所述静止位置，所述扳机致使所述驱动器保持在与所述注射器的回缩位置相对应的位置上，在所述启动位置，所述扳机不再使所述驱动器被这样保持，从而允许所述致动器推进所述驱动器，所述驱动器将所述注射器从其回缩位置推进到其伸出位置，并通过排放喷嘴排放所述注射器的内容物；以及
互锁构件，其能够在锁定位置和释放位置之间移动，在所述锁定位置，所述互锁构件阻止所述扳机从其静止位置运动到其启动位置，在所述释放位置，所述互锁构件允许所述扳机从其静止位置运动到其启动位置，之后所述扳机被保持在其启动位置。
15.根据权利要求8-10中任一项所述的注射装置，还包括：
扳机，其能够从静止位置运动到操作位置，在所述静止位置，所述扳机致使所述驱动器保持在与所述注射器的回缩位置相对应的位置上，在所述操作位置，所述扳机不再使所述驱动器被这样保持，从而允许所述致动器推进所述驱动器，所述驱动器将所述注射器从其回缩位置推进到其伸出位置，并通过所述排放喷嘴排放所述注射器的内容物；以及
互锁构件，其包括所述主要构件，所述互锁构件能够在锁定位置和释放位置之间移动，在所述锁定位置，所述互锁构件阻止所述扳机从其静止位置运动到其启动位置并且所述主要构件从所述出口孔中伸出，在所述释放位置，所述互锁构件允许所述扳机从其静止位置运动到其启动位置，并且所述主要构件未从所述出口孔中伸出或者仅从所述出口孔中伸出很小的程度，之后所述扳机被保持在其启动位置。
16.根据权利要求14或15所述的注射装置，其中，所述扳机包括锁定构件，其在所述扳机处于静止位置时与所述驱动器的锁定表面接合，在所述扳机处于启动位置时不与所述锁定表面接合。
17.根据权利要求14-16中任一项所述的注射装置，其中，所述扳机和互锁构件包括突起和孔，当所述互锁构件位于其释放位置时，所述突起与所述孔对准，而在其它情况下所述突起未与所述孔对准，从而允许通过使所述突起移动到所述孔中来使所述扳机从其静止位置运动到其启动位置。
18.根据权利要求17所述的注射装置，其中，所述突起位于所述扳机上，所述孔位于所述互锁构件中。
19.根据权利要求14-18中任一项所述的注射装置，其中，所述扳机和所述装置的另一个部件包括闩锁突起和相应的闩锁表面，当所述扳机位于其启动位置时，所述闩锁突起抵靠所述相应的闩锁表面并与其锁紧。
20.根据权利要求19所述的注射装置，其中，所述闩锁突起位于所述扳机上。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的注射装置，其中，所述装置的所述另一个部件是所述互锁构件。
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WO2018195764A1 (zh) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-01 群康生技股份有限公司 注射笔

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JP2009509605A (ja) 2009-03-12
BRPI0520572B1 (pt) 2017-03-28
DE602005022504D1 (de) 2010-09-02
EA200800939A1 (ru) 2008-08-29
NO342250B1 (no) 2018-04-30
PL1928523T3 (pl) 2010-12-31
EP1928523A1 (en) 2008-06-11
JP5275031B2 (ja) 2013-08-28
IL190420A0 (en) 2008-11-03
ATE474612T1 (de) 2010-08-15
CN101346157B (zh) 2011-01-12
DK1928523T3 (da) 2010-10-25
BRPI0520572B8 (pt) 2021-06-22
NO20081501L (no) 2008-06-11
WO2007036676A1 (en) 2007-04-05
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AU2005336826A1 (en) 2007-04-05
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PT1928523E (pt) 2010-09-10
BRPI0520572A2 (pt) 2009-05-19
EP1928523B1 (en) 2010-07-21
KR20080063776A (ko) 2008-07-07
NZ567184A (en) 2009-12-24
ES2346893T3 (es) 2010-10-21
AU2005336826B2 (en) 2012-11-29
EA014438B1 (ru) 2010-12-30
US20110098656A1 (en) 2011-04-28
US9770558B2 (en) 2017-09-26

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