CN100450994C - 制备1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的方法 - Google Patents

制备1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的方法 Download PDF

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CN100450994C
CN100450994C CNB2006101090392A CN200610109039A CN100450994C CN 100450994 C CN100450994 C CN 100450994C CN B2006101090392 A CNB2006101090392 A CN B2006101090392A CN 200610109039 A CN200610109039 A CN 200610109039A CN 100450994 C CN100450994 C CN 100450994C
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CN1915964A (zh
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J·T·M·林德斯
G·H·M·威廉森斯
R·A·H·J·吉利森
C·F·R·N·布伊克
G·C·P·范霍夫
L·J·E·范德维肯
L·亚罗斯科瓦
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Janssen Pharmaceutica NV
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种制备1-羟基-氨基金刚烷的方法,所述方法包括:i)相应酮(XIII)的还原胺化;ii)分离由此得到的式(XVIII)胺的立体异构体;和iii)式(XVIII)化合物的脱苄基作用。

Description

制备1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的方法
本申请是申请日为2003年12月16日、申请号为200380107278.9、发明名称为“作为11-β羟基类固醇脱氢酶抑制剂的金刚烷基乙酰胺”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
不管是在西方世界,还是在亚洲和发展中国家,代谢综合症都是一种发病率正在提高的疾病。其特征在于肥胖症并且尤其是中央或内脏肥胖、II型糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压、动脉硬化、冠心病并最终导致慢性肾功能衰竭(C.T.Montague等人(2000),Diabetes,49,883-888)。
背景技术
已知糖皮质激素和11β-HSD1是脂肪基质细胞分化为成熟脂肪细胞中的重要因素。在肥胖症患者的内脏基质细胞中,11β-HSD1 mRNA水平与皮下组织相比有所增加。并且,转基因小鼠中11β-HSD1的脂肪组织过度表达与脂肪组织中皮质酮水平增加、内脏肥胖、胰岛素敏感性、Il型糖尿病、高脂血症和食欲旺盛有关(H.Masuzaki等人(2001),Science,294,2166-2170)。因此,11β-HSD1很可能与内脏肥胖和代谢综合症的发病有关。
11β-HSD1的抑制导致分化的减少和脂肪基质细胞增生的增加。并且,糖皮质激素不足(肾上腺切除)提高了胰岛素和瘦蛋白(leptin)引起厌食和体重减轻的活性,并且这种效果被糖皮质激素的施用逆转(P.M.Stewart等人(2002),TrendsEndocrin.Metabol,13,94-96)。这些数据表明:11β-HSD1引起的11-脱氢-17-羟皮质酮提高的再活化可能使肥胖症恶化,并且其可能有助于抑制肥胖症患者脂肪组织中的这种酶。
肥胖症还与心血管疾病有关。在男人和女人中,皮质醇排出率和HDL胆固醇之间都存在重要的关系,这表明糖皮质激素调节心血管疾病的关键成分。在模拟试验中,老年人的主动脉硬化还与内脏肥胖有关。
糖皮质激素和青光眼
当外部给药并且在增加与库兴氏综合症中类似产品的特定条件下,通过增加眼压,糖皮质激素增加了青光眼的危险。皮质类固醇引起的眼内压力增加,是由于糖皮质激素引起小梁网状结构及其内部细胞内基质的改变增加了液体流动的阻力。Zhou等人(Int J Mol Med(1998)1,339-346)也报道:皮质类固醇增加了器官培养的牛前面部分小梁网状结构中纤维结合蛋白以及I型和IV型胶原蛋白的量。
11β-HSD1在角膜上皮和无色素上皮细胞的基细胞中表达。糖皮质激素受体mRNA仅仅在小梁网状结构中被检测到,然而在用于糖皮质激素的无色素上皮细胞mRNA中也存在矿物皮质激素受体和11β-HSD1。对病人给药生胃酮引起眼压的显著减小(S.Rauz等人(2001),Invest.Ophtalmol.Vis.Science,42,2037-2042),表明在治疗青光眼中11β-HSD1抑制剂的作用。
发明内容
因此本发明要解决的基本问题是确定有效的11β-HSD1抑制剂,该抑制剂对11β-HSD1具有高选择性,并且其在治疗与过量皮质醇形成有关的疾病中的应用,例如肥胖症、糖尿病、与肥胖症相关的心血管疾病,和青光眼。
本发明涉及式(I)化合物:
其N-氧化物形式、可药用加成盐以及其立体化学同分异构形式,其中
n表示0、1或2的整数,
m表示0或1的整数,
R1和R2彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10、C1-4烷氧基、Het3-O-C1-4烷基;或
R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成羰基或C3-6环烷基;并且当n为2时,R1和R2之一可以不存在以形成不饱和键;
R3表示氢、Ar1、C1-8烷基、C6-12环烷基或具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900051
其中所述Ar1、C6-12环烷基或单价基团可任选被1个,或可能2或3个选自下组的取代基取代:C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、苯基、卤素、氧(OXO)、羰基、1,3-间二氧杂环戊烯基(1,3-dioxolyl)或羟基;特别是R3表示具有式a)或b)的单价基团,其任选被1个,或可能2或3个选自下组的取代基取代:C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、苯基、卤素、氧、羰基、1,3-间二氧杂环戊烯基或羟基;
R4表示氢、C1-4烷基或C2-4烯基;
Q表示C3-8环烷基、Het1或Ar2,其中所述C3-8环烷基、Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、Het4、苯基、苯氧基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、羟基羰基、NR5R6,被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自C1-4烷基、羟基羰基、Het2、C1-4烷基或NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,被选自苯基-C1-4烷氧基羰基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、羟基羰基或Het5-羰基的1个取代基取代的C2-4烯基,和,被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自卤素、二甲胺、三甲胺、胺、氰基、Het6、Het7-羰基、C1-4烷氧基羰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
R5和R6彼此独立地选自:氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、C1-4烷基羰基、被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自卤素、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基羰基,或者R5和R6彼此独立地表示被苯基取代的C1-4烷基;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自:氢或C1-4烷基;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自:氢、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基羰基;
L表示任选被1个或可能多个选自C1-4烷基或苯基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
Het1表示选自下组的杂环:吡啶基、哌啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、异氮杂茚基(isoindolyl)、二氢吲哚基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、苯并苯硫基、苯硫基、1,8-二氮杂萘基、1,6-二氮杂萘基、喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基、异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基、2H-苯并噻喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并噻喃基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基(1,3-benzodioxolyl);
Het2表示选自下组的单环杂环:哌啶基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基,所述Het2任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Het3表示选自下组的单环杂环:2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、呋喃基、四氢-2H-吡喃基、吡啶基、哌啶基或呋喃基;
Het4表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、三唑基、四唑基或吗啉基,所述Het4任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Het5表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,所述Het5任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;优选哌嗪基或吗啉基;
Het6表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,所述Het6任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Het7表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,所述Het7任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;优选哌嗪基或吗啉基;
Ar1表示选自下组的含有一个或多个环的碳环基团:苯基、联苯基、茚基、2,3-二氢茚基、芴基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基或萘基;
Ar2表示选自下组的含有一个或多个环的碳环基团:苯基、联苯基、苯并环丁烯基、苯并环庚基、苯并环庚烯基、茚基、2,3-二氢茚基、芴基、1,2-二氢萘基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基或萘基;
正如上述和以下定义中所使用的那样,卤素通常为氟、氯、溴和碘;C1-4烷基表示具有1-4个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、1-甲基乙基、2-甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基乙基等等;C1-8烷基表示具有1-8个碳原子的直链或支链饱和烃基,例如C1-4烷基定义的基团和戊基、己基、辛基、2-甲基丁基、2-甲基戊基、2,2-二甲基戊基等等;C3-6环烷基通常表示环丙基、环丁基、环戊基和环己基;C6-12环烷基通常表示环庚基、环辛基、环壬烷、环癸烷、环十一烷、环十二烷;C1-4烷氧基表示直链或支链饱和烃基,例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、1-甲基乙氧基、2-甲基丙氧基等等。
正如此处前面使用的那样,术语“氧”或“羰基”表示(=O),其与所连接的碳原子一起形成羰基部分。
上文提到的可药用加成盐包括式(I)化合物所能够形成的具有治疗活性的无毒酸加成盐形式。后者可通过用合适的酸处理碱形式而方便地得到。合适的酸包括,例如,无机酸,例如氢卤酸,如盐酸或氢溴酸;硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等酸;或有机酸,例如乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸(即丁二酸)、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环拉酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、扑酸等。
上文提到的可药用加成盐包括式(I)化合物所能够形成的具有治疗活性的无毒碱加成盐形式。这种碱加成盐的例子为,例如,钠、钾、钙盐,以及可药用胺盐,例如氨水、烷基胺、苄星青霉素(benzathine)、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、哈胺(hydrabamine)、氨基酸,例如精氨酸、赖氨酸。
相反,所述盐形式可以通过用合适的碱或酸处理成为其游离酸或游离碱形式。
如上使用的术语“加成盐”还包括式(I)化合物的溶剂化物,以及其能够形成的盐。这种溶剂化物例如为水化物、醇化物等等。
如上使用的术语“立体化学同分异构形式”表示可能的各种同分异构形式,以及式(I)化合物可能具有的构象形式。除非另有说明或指出,化合物的化学名称表示所有可能的立体异构和构象异构形式的混合物,所述混合物包括基本分子结构的所有非对映体、对映体和/或构象异构体。式(I)化合物的所有立体化学异构形式,包括纯的形式或各种形式混合物都包括在本发明范围之内。
式(I)化合物的N-氧化物形式指的是式(I)的化合物中一个或几个氮原子被氧化成所谓的N-氧化物。
一组由化合物包括式(I)中进行一个或多个如下限制的化合物:
(i)n表示1或2的整数,前提是当n=2时,Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被一个或可能多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、Het4、苯基、苯氧基、羟基羰基、NR5R6、被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2和NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,和被1个或可能2或3个卤基取代的C1-4烷基;
(ii)R1和R2彼此独立的表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10、C1-4烷氧基、Het3-O-C1-4烷基;或
R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子形成羰基,或C3-6环烷基;
(iii)R3表示苯基、C6-12环烷基或具有下式之一的一价基团:
其中所述苯基、C6-12环烷基或单价基团可任选被1个,或可能2或3个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素、羰基、苯基或羟基的取代基取代;特别是R3表示具有通式a)或b)的单价基团,其任选被1个,或可能2或3个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素、羰基、苯基或羟基的取代基取代;
(iv)R4表示氢或C1-4烷基;
(v)Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、Het4、苯基、苯氧基、羟基羰基、NR5R6,被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自C1-4烷基、羟基羰基、Het2和NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,和被1个或可能2或3个卤基取代的C1-4烷基;
(vi)Het1表示选自下组的杂环:哌啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、异氮杂茚基、二氢吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并苯硫基、1,8-二氮杂萘基、1,6-二氮杂萘基、喹唑啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
(vii)Ar2表示任选被C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基或卤素取代,优选被甲基或甲氧基取代的苯基或萘基。
另一组化合物包括进行一个或多个如下限制的式(I)化合物:
(i)R1和R2彼此独立的表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10;或R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子形成C3-6环烷基;并且当n为2时,R1或R2中的一个可不存在以形成不饱和键;
(ii)R3表示C6-12环烷基或具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900101
其中所述C6-12环烷基或单价基团可任选被1个,或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素、羰基、羟基或1,3-间二氧杂环戊烯基的取代基取代;特别是R3表示具有式a)或b)的单价基团,其任选被1个,或可能2或3个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素、羰基或羟基的取代基取代;
(iii)Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能2或多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、Het4、NR5R6,被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2和NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,被选自苯基-C1-4烷氧基羰基或Het5-羰基的取代基任选取代的C2-4烯基,和,被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自卤素、二甲胺、胺、氰基、Het6、Het7-羰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
(iv)R5和R6彼此独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基羰基、被1个或可能2或3个卤基取代的C1-4烷基羰基。
(v)R9和R10彼此独立地选自氢或C1-4烷基;
(vi)L表示C1-4烷基,优选甲基;
(vii)Het1表示选自下组的杂环:吡啶基、嘧啶基、吲哚基、苯硫基、苯并苯硫基、喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-喹啉基、异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-异喹啉基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基、2H-苯并噻喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并噻喃基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
(viii)Het2表示选自下组的杂环:哌啶基、哌嗪基、吡啶基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基,其中所述Het2任选被1个或可能2个或多个C1-4烷基取代;
(ix)Het4表示四唑基;
(x)Het5表示吗啉基;
(xi)Het6表示选自吡咯烷基、哌嗪基或吗啉基的单环杂环,其中所述Het6任选被1个或可能2个或多个羟基取代,优选被一个羟基取代;
(xii)Het7表示选自哌嗪基或吗啉基的单环杂环,优选为吗啉基;
(xiii)Ar2表示选自下组的含有一个或多个环的碳环基团:苯基、苯并环丁烯基、苯并环庚基、苯并环庚烯基、茚基、2,3-二氢茚基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基或萘基。
特定的式(I)化合物为显示高HSD1特异性的化合物。为此式(I)化合物进行一个或多个如下限制:
(i)n表示0、1或2的整数;
(ii)R1和R2彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10;或者R1和R2与其所连接的碳原子一起形成C3-6环烷基;并且当n为2时,R1或R2中的一个可不存在以形成不饱和键;
(iii)R3表示C6-12环烷基,优选环辛基,或具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900121
优选具有上述式(a)或(b),其中所述C6-12环烷基或一价基团可任选被1个,或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基的取代基取代;优选具有任选被C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基取代的上述式a);
(iv)Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能2或多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、NR5R6
被1个或可能2、3或多个独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2或NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,被选自苯基-C1-4烷氧基羰基或Het5-羰基的1个取代基取代的C2-4烯基,和,
被1个或可能2或3个选自卤素、Het6、C1-4烷氧基羰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
(v)R5和R6彼此独立地表示氢或C1-4烷基;
(vi)R9和R10彼此独立地表示氢或C1-4烷氧基羰基;
(vii)L表示C1-4烷基;
(viii)Het1表示选自下组的杂环:吡啶基、哌啶基、苯硫基、1,2,3,4-四氢-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-异喹啉基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并噻喃基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
(ix)Het2表示吡啶基,吡咯烷基或吗啉基;
(x)Het6表示吗啉基;
(xi)Ar2表示苯基、苯并环丁烯基、苯并环庚基、苯并环庚烯基、2,3-二氢茚基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基、萘基或茚基。
这种高HSD1特异性抑制剂的亚组显示具有优越的细胞活性,并且包括式(I)中进行一个或多个如下限制的化合物:
(i)n表示0、1或2的整数;
(ii)R1和R2彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基;或者
R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成C3-6环烷基;并且当n为2时,R1或R2中的一个可不存在以形成不饱和键;
(iii)R3表示C6-12环烷基,优选环辛基,或具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900131
优选具有上述式(a)或(b),其中所述C6-12环烷基或一价基团可任选被1个,或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基的取代基取代;优选具有任选被C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基取代的上述式a);
(iv)Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能2个或多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、NR5R6
被1个或可能2、3或多个独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2或NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,
被Het5-羰基取代的C2-4烯基,
和被1个或可能2或3个选自卤素、Het6、C1-4烷氧基羰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
(v)R5和R6彼此独立地表示氢或C1-4烷基;
(vi)L表示C1-4烷基;
(vii)Het1表示选自下组的杂环:吡啶基、哌啶基、苯硫基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并噻喃基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
(viii)Het2表示吡咯烷基或吗啉基;
(ix)Het5表示吗啉基;
(x)Het6表示吗啉基;
(xi)Het7表示吗啉基;
(xii)Ar2表示苯基、苯并环丁烯基、苯并环庚基、苯并环庚烯基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基、萘基或茚基。
根据本发明更有利的化合物为进行一个或多个如下限制的式(I)化合物:
(i)n表示1或2的整数;
(ii)R1和R2彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10、C1-4烷氧基;或者
R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成C3-6环烷基;并且当n为2时,R1或R2中的一个可不存在以形成不饱和键;
(iii)R3表示C6-12环烷基,优选环辛基和环己基,或R3表示具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900151
其中所述C6-12环烷基或单价基团可任选被1个,或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基的取代基取代;特别是R3表示具有式(a)或(b)的单价基团,其中所述C6-12环烷基或单价基团可任选被1个,或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基的取代基取代;优选具有任选被C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基取代的上述式a);
(iv)Q表示C3-8环烷基、Het1或Ar2,其中所述C3-8环烷基、Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能2或多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、NR5R6,被1个或可能2、3或多个独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2和NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,和,被1个或可能2或3个卤素取代的C1-4烷基,优选三氟甲基;
(v)R5和R6彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基或被苯基取代的C1- 4烷基;
(vi)L表示C1-4烷基;
(vii)Het1表示选自吡啶基,哌啶基或苯硫基的杂环;
(viii)Het2表示哌啶基,吡咯烷基或吗啉基;
(ix)Ar2表示苯基、萘基或茚基。
尤其有利的式(I)化合物为具有一个或多个如下限制的化合物:
(i)n表示0、1或2的整数;
(ii)R1和R2彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10、C1-4烷氧基;或者
R1和R2与其所连接的碳原子一起形成C3-6环烷基;并且当n为2时,R1或R2中的一个可不存在以形成不饱和键;
(iii)R3表示C6-12环烷基,优选选自环辛基和环己基,或R3表示具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900161
优选具有上述(a)的通式,其中所述C6-12环烷基或一价基团可任选被1个,或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基的取代基取代;
(iv)R4表示氢或C1-4烷基;
(v)Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述C3-8环烷基、Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能2个或多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、NR5R6
被1个或可能2、3或多个彼此独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2或NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,
被苯基-C1-4烷氧基羰基取代的C2-4烯基,
和被1个或可能2或3个选自卤素、Het6、Het7-羰基、C1-4烷氧基羰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
(vi)R5和R6彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基,或被苯基取代的C1-4烷基;
(vii)L表示C1-4烷基;
(viii)Het1表示选自下组的杂环:吡啶基、苯硫基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并噻喃基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
(ix)Het2表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基;
(x)Het6表示选自哌嗪基或吗啉基,优选吗啉基的单环杂环;
(xi)Ar2表示苯基、苯并环丁烯基、苯并环庚基、苯并环庚烯基、2,3-二氢茚基、1,2-二氢萘基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基、萘基或茚基。
优选的化合物包括进行一个或多个如下限制的式(I)化合物:
(i)Q表示苯基,所述苯基任选被1个或2个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素,优选氯或氟,或C1-4烷氧基,优选甲氧基;
(ii)n为1;
(iii)m为0;
(iv)R1和R2表示C1-4烷基,优选甲基;或者
R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成C3-6环烷基,优选环丙基;
(v)R4表示氢;
(vi)R3表示具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900171
其中所述单价基团可任选被1个,或可能2或3个选自卤素、羰基、羟基或C1-4烷氧基,优选甲氧基的取代基取代,特别是R3表示具有式(a)或(b)的单价基团,其任选被1个,或可能2、3或多个选自卤素、羰基、羟基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;优选任选被羟基或C1-4烷氧基,优选甲氧基取代的上述式a);
还有利的是具有一个或多个如下限制的式(I)化合物:
(i)Het1表示选自下组的杂环:哌啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、异氮杂茚基、二氢吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并苯硫基、1,8-二氮杂萘基、1,6-二氮杂萘基、喹唑啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
(ii)Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能2个或多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、NR5R6,被1个或可能2、3或多个彼此独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2和NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,和被1个或可能2或3个卤素取代的C1-4烷基;或Q表示苯基,所述苯基任选被1个或2个选自卤素,优选氯或氟,或C1-4烷氧基,优选甲氧基的取代基取代;
(iii)n表示1或2的整数;或n为1;
(iv)m为0;
(v)R1和R2表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10,优选C1-4烷基,尤其优选甲基;或者
R1和R2与它们所连接的碳原子一起形成C3-6环烷基,优选环丙基;并且当n为2时,R1或R2中的一个可不存在以形成不饱和双键;
(vi)R4表示氢;
(vii)R3表示具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900181
其中所述单价基团可任选被1个,或可能2或3个选自卤素、羰基、羟基或C1-4烷氧基,优选甲氧基的取代基取代,或
R3表示C6-12环烷基,优选环辛基,或具有下式之一的一价基团:
其中所述C6-12环烷基或一价基团任选被1个或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基的取代基取代;或R3表示C6-12环烷基,或具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900192
其中所述C6-12环烷基或一价基团任选被1个或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素或羟基的取代基取代;优选R3表示具有下式之一的一价基团:
Figure C20061010903900193
其中所述一价基团任选被1个或可能2、3或多个选自卤素、羰基、羟基或C1-4烷氧基,优选选自溴、氟、氯、羟基或甲氧基的取代基取代;尤其优选的化合物是其中R3取代基为2-金刚烷基,其任选被1个或可能2、3或多个选自C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、卤素、氧、羰基或羟基,优选选自溴、氟、氯、羟基或甲氧基的取代基取代;
(viii)R5和R6彼此独立地表示氢或C1-4烷基;
(ix)R9和R10彼此独立地表示氢或C1-4烷氧基羰基;
(x)L表示C1-4烷基;
(xi)Het1表示选自吡啶基、哌啶基、苯硫基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基的杂环;
(xii)Het2表示吡啶基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基;
(xiii)Ar2表示苯基、萘基或茚基。
尤其优选的化合物为式(I)中R3为任选被取代的2-金刚烷基并且其中Q表示任选被取代的苯基的化合物,以下简称式(I′)化合物,
Figure C20061010903900201
其N-氧化物形式、可药用加成盐及其立体化学同分异构形式,其中:
R1和R2彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基、NR9R10、C1-4烷氧基或Het3-O-C1-4烷基;优选C1-4烷基,尤其优选甲基;或者
R1和R2与其所连接的碳原子一起形成C3-6环烷基,优选环丙基或环丁基;
R4表示氢、C1-4烷基、C2-4烯基;
U表示氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、苯基、卤素、氧、羰基或羟基;
R5和R6彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、C1-4烷基羰基、被1个或可能2或3个彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基羰基,或R5和R6彼此独立地表示被苯基取代的C1-4烷基;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自氢或C1-4烷基;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基羰基;
R11和R12彼此独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、Het4、苯基、苯氧基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、羟基羰基、NR5R6、被1个或可能2或3个彼此独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2、NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,被选自苯基-C1-4烷氧基羰基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、羟基羰基、Het5-羰基的一个取代基取代的C2-4烯基,和被1个或可能2或3个彼此独立地选自卤素、二甲胺、三甲胺、胺、氰基、Het6、Het7-羰基、C1-4烷氧基羰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
Het1表示选自下组的杂环:吡啶基、哌啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、哒嗪基、吲哚基、异氮杂茚基、二氢吲哚基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、噻唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、异噻唑基、苯并苯硫基、苯硫基、1,8-二氮杂萘基、1,6-二氮杂萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、1,2,34-四氢异喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基、2H-苯并噻喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并噻喃基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
Het2表示选自下组的单环杂环:哌啶基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基,所述Het2任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Het3表示选自下组的单环杂环:2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、呋喃基、四氢-2H-吡喃基、吡啶基、哌啶基或呋喃基;
Het4表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、三唑基、四唑基或吗啉基,所述Het4任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Het5表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,所述Het5任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;优选哌嗪基或吗啉基;
Het6表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,所述Het6任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Het7表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,所述Het7任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;优选哌嗪基或吗啉基;尤其优选吗啉基。
其它优选的为式(I′)中具有一种或多种如下限制的化合物:
(i)R1和R2彼此独立地表示氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基;优选甲基或甲氧基;
(ii)R4表示氢;
(iii)U表示氢、羟基或卤素,尤其表示氢、羟基、氟或氯;
(iv)R5和R6彼此独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基羰基,或被卤素取代的C1-4烷基羰基;
(v)R7和R8表示C1-4烷基,优选甲基;
(vi)R11和R12彼此独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基,例如尤其是甲基或丙基,C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、Het4、NR5R6,被一个或可能2或3个彼此独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2、C1-4烷基或NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基,被选自苯基C1-4烷氧基羰基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、羟基羰基、Het5-羰基的一个取代基取代的C2-4烯基,和被1个或可能2或3个彼此独立地选自卤素、二甲胺、三甲胺、胺、Het6、Het7-羰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
(vii)Het2表示哌啶基、哌嗪基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基,所述Het2任选被C1-4烷基,尤其是甲基取代;
(viii)Het4表示四唑基;
(ix)Het5表示吗啉基;
(x)Het6表示哒嗪基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基,所述Het4任选被羰基或C1-4烷基取代;
另外有利的化合物为式(I″)的化合物,
Figure C20061010903900231
N-氧化物形式、可药用加成盐及其立体化学同分异构形式,其中:
R4表示氢、C1-4烷基、C2-4烯基;
U表示氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、苯基、卤素、氧、羰基或羟基;
Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、硝基、Het4、苯基、苯氧基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、羟基羰基、NR5R6
被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自羟基羰基、Het2和NR7R8的取代基取代的C1-4烷氧基、
和被1个或可能2或3个独立地选自卤素或羟基羰基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基;
R5和R6彼此独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、C1-4烷基羰基、被1个或可能2或3个彼此独立地选自卤素、C1-4烷基和C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代的C1-4烷基羰基,或R5和R6彼此独立地表示被苯基取代的C1-4烷基;
R7和R8彼此独立地选自氢或C1-4烷基;
R9和R10彼此独立地选自氢、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基羰基;
Het1表示选自下组的双环杂环:吲哚基、异氮杂茚基、二氢吲哚基、苯并呋喃基、苯并苯硫基、苯硫基、1,8-二氮杂萘基、1,6-二氮杂萘基、喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基、异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、喹喔啉基、喹唑啉基、2,3-二氮杂萘基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基、2H-苯并噻喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并噻喃基或1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯基;
Het2表示选自下组的单环杂环:哌啶基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基、2H-吡咯基、吡咯基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、吡咯烷基或吗啉基,所述Het2任选被1个或可能2或多个独立地选自羟基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Het3表示选自下组的单环杂环:2H-吡喃基、4H-吡喃基、呋喃基、
四氢-2H-吡喃基、吡啶基、哌啶基或呋喃基;
Het4表示选自下组的单环杂环:哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯烷基、吡嗪基、哌嗪基或吗啉基,所述Het4任选被1个或可能2个或多个独立地选自羟基、羰基、C1-4烷基或C1-4烷氧基的取代基取代;
Ar2表示选自下组的含有两个环的碳环基团:苯并环丁烯基、苯并环庚基、苯并环庚烯基、茚基、2,3-二氢茚基、5,6,7,8-四氢萘基或萘基;
另一组化合物为通式(I″)中具有一个或多个如下限制的化合物:
(i)U表示氢、卤素或羟基;
(ii)Q表示Het1或Ar2,其中所述Het1或Ar2任选被1个或可能2个或多个选自下组的取代基取代:卤素、C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基、羟基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、被羟基羰基取代的C1-4烷氧基和被羟基羰基取代的C1-4烷基;
(iii)Het1表示选自下组的双环杂环:苯并苯硫基、喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉基、异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉基、2H-苯并吡喃基、3,4-二氢-2H-苯并吡喃基或2H-苯并噻喃基;
(iv)Ar2表示苯并环丁烯基、苯并环庚基、苯并环庚烯基、茚基、2,3-二氢茚基或5,6,7,8-四氢萘基。
本发明的酰胺化合物可通过有机化学领域技术人员已知的几种标准合成方法中的一种制备,并公开在例如“Introduction to organicchemistry”Streitweiser和Heathcock,Macmillan Publishing Co.,Inc第二版-New York Section 24.7(part A)第753-756页。通常,酰胺可通过适当的羧酸与相应胺的碱催化亲核加成制备(方案1),或通过适当的胺与相应的酰基卤、酐或酯间的亲核取代反应制备(方案2),以生产需要的酰胺。
当将酸偶合到胺时,可以在存在或不存在羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)的条件下使用标准化学偶合试剂,例如羰基二咪唑(CDI)、1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)或1-乙基-3-(3′-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)。通常在碱催化反应条件下,向式(II)的胺中加入式(HI)的羧酸,结果形成与其弱酸和碱相平衡的胺盐。为使式(I)酰胺的产生达到平衡,向反应混合物中加入脱氢剂,例如碳化二亚胺,如DCC和CDI。
方案1
Figure C20061010903900251
在另一个实施方案中,羧酸或者通过与例如亚硫酰氯或草酰氯的反应转化成相应的酰基卤。随后使用已知的反应方法,例如Schotten-Baumann法,将所述酰基卤(V)加入到式(II)的胺中,得到式(I)的酰胺。
方案2
式(III)的羧酸和式(II)的胺可容易地得到,或可使用本领域公知的方法制备。许多化合物可购自,例如Aldrich Chemicals,或者,当这些化合物不能从市场上买到时,其可以由可得到的前体使用本领域公知的直接转化而容易地制备。
例如,羧酸通常通过腈的水解(方案3)、有机金属化合物的碳化(carbonation)或伯醇或醛的氧化制备,例如参见“Introduction toorganic chemistry”Streitweiser和Heathcock,Macmillan PublishingCo.,Inc第二版-New York Section 19.6(part A)第509-511页”。特别是式(III)的羧酸可以如下制备:使用如六甲基二硅氮烷钠和甲基碘或二溴丁烷,将相应的(杂)芳基乙腈(式VI)转化成二烷基或螺烷基衍生物(VII)(例如参见:Trivedi等人,J.Med.Chem.1993,36,3300),随后在酸性或碱性条件下水解得到相应的羧酸III。水解中使用的合适的酸和碱为,例如硫酸和氢氧化钾。水解反应可在微波加热下方便地进行。许多式(VI)的腈可从市场上买到,当它们不能从市场上买到时,其可使用可得到的(杂)芳基甲基衍生物(X)在已知条件下容易地制备,例如,通过N-溴代-琥珀酰胺(NBS)的溴化作用,然后使用例如KCN,用CN取代溴。
方案3
Figure C20061010903900261
在多数情况下,Q表示溴代芳基的羧酸(III-A)根据反应方案4进一步改性。在第一步中,溴取代基使用Heck反应用丙烯酸酯、酰胺或丙烯腈改性,得到式(XII)化合物。还原双键和官能团得到式(XIII)的胺。
方案4
对于Q表示含有两个环的碳环基团的式(I)化合物,合适式(III-B)的双环羧酸如下合成:例如,通过向相应的酮(XV)中加入三甲硅烷基氰化物,然后使用标准条件进行腈化合物(XVI)的酸性或碱性水解。该酮不能从市场上买到,通过相应酸(XVIII)的分子内环化作用合成(方案5)。
方案5
Figure C20061010903900281
式(II)的胺通常使用现有技术中已知的方法制备,例如参见“Introduction to organic chemistry”Streitweiser和Heathcock,Macmillan Publishing Co.,Inc第二版-New York Section 24.6第742-753页”,并包括以下合成:通过适当的(杂)芳基卤的直接烷基化作用,尤其是通过Gabriel合成、通过相应硝基或腈化合物的还原、通过使用例如埃谢韦勒-克莱克反应的还原性胺化作用,并且尤其是通过肟(IX)的还原,其可通过醛或酮(VIII)与羟胺的反应制备(方案6)。在此后一种情形,肟被氢化铝锂还原,或使用合适的催化剂,例如阮内镍催化氢化,所述还原在例如醚或四氢呋喃(THF)的惰性无水溶剂中进行。
方案6
Figure C20061010903900291
使用上述合成方法合成式(I)化合物的其它例子提供于以下实验部分。
在必要或需要时,一个或多个下列步骤中的任何一个可以以任意顺序进行:
(i)除去任何剩余的保护基;
(ii)将式(I)化合物或其保护形式转化成其它式(I)化合物或其保护形式;
(iii)将式(I)化合物或其保护形式转化成式(I)化合物的N-氧化物、盐、季胺或溶剂化物,或其保护形式;
(iv)将式(I)化合物的N-氧化物、盐、季胺或溶剂化物、或其保护形式转化为一种式(I)化合物或其保护形式;
(v)将式(I)化合物的N-氧化物、盐、季胺或溶剂化物、或其保护形式转化为式(I)化合物的另一种N-氧化物、可药用加成盐、季胺或溶剂化物,或其保护形式;
(vi)当式(I)化合物以(R)和(S)对映体的混合物得到时,分离该混合物得到所需的对映体;
(vii)当式(I)化合物中Q由含有1或2个环的溴代碳环基团组成时,可以进行多种转化,例如参见方案7,包括:
a)使用例如烷基碘的烷基化;
b)使用Buchwald反应转化成胺;
c)使用Heck-反应条件的芳基化;
d)使用Heck-反应条件的烷基化;
e)使用例如氰化钾转化成腈,并且可以进一步将得到的腈转化成胺,该胺可以在现有技术中已知的条件下烷基化或酰化。
方案7
Figure C20061010903900301
本领域技术人员将认识到,上述方法中中间体化合物的官能团可能需要通过保护基保护。
需要保护的官能团包括羟基、氨基和羧酸。用于羟基的合适的保护基包括:三烷基甲硅烷基(例如叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基或三甲基甲硅烷基)、苄基和四氢吡喃基。用于氨基的合适的保护基包括叔丁氧基羰基或苄氧基羰基。用于羧酸的合适的保护基包括C1-6烷基或苄基酯。
官能团的保护和去保护可在反应阶段前后进行。
保护基的使用已经充分公开在“Protective Groups in OrganicChemistry”,J W F McOmie编,Plenum Press(1973),和“ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis”,第二版,T W Greene & P G M Wutz,Wiley Interscience(1991)中。
另外,式(I)化合物中的氮原于可使用现有技术中已知的方法,在例如2-丙酮、四氢呋喃或二甲基甲酰胺的合适溶剂中用CH3-I甲基化。
式(I)的各种化合物还可以根据现有技术中官能团变换的已知方法互相转化,其中一些例子如上所述。
式(I)化合物还可以使用现有技术中已知的方法转变成其相应的N-氧化物形式,使其中的三价氮转化成其N-氧化物形式。所述N-氧化反应通常可以如下进行:使式(I)的起始物料与3-苯基-2-(苯磺酰)氧杂氮丙啶(oxaziridine)或与合适的有机或无机过氧化物反应。合适的无机过氧化物包括,例如,过氧化氢,碱金属或碱土金属过氧化物,例如过氧化钠、过氧化钾;合适的有机过氧化物包括过氧酸,例如,苯基碳过氧酸(benzenecarboperoxoic aicd)或卤代苯基碳过氧酸,例如3-氯苯基碳过氧酸,过氧链烷酸,例如过氧乙酸,烷基氢过氧化物,例如过氧化氢叔丁基。合适的溶剂为,例如,水、低级烷醇,例如乙醇等,烃,例如甲苯,酮,例如2-丁酮,卤代烃,例如二氯甲烷,以及这些溶剂的混合物。
式(I)化合物的纯立体化学同分异构形式可通过现有技术中已知的方法得到。非对映体可通过物理方法分离,例如选择结晶和色谱技术,例如逆流分配法、液相色谱法等等。
本发明部分式(I)化合物及其部分中间体可包含不对称碳原子。所述化合物和所述中间体的纯立体化学同分异构形式可通过现有技术中已知的方法得到。例如非对应异构体可通过物理方法分离,例如选择结晶和色谱技术,例如逆流分配法、液相色谱法等等。对映体可通过下述方法从消旋混合物中分离,首先用合适的拆解试剂例如手性酸将所述消旋混合物转变成非对映盐或化合物的混合物;然后通过例如选择结晶或色谱技术,例如液相色谱法等方法物理分离所述非对映盐或化合物的混合物;最后将所述分离的非对映盐或化合物转变成其相应的对映体。纯立体化学同分异构形式还可以从合适的中间体和原材料的纯立体化学同分异构形式中得到,前提是中间反应立体定向性地进行。
式(I)化合物及其中间体的对映体形式分离的其它方法包括液相色谱法,尤其是使用手性固定相的液相色谱法。
本发明化合物的特定对映中间体包括1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的顺式和反式异构体,其为用于合成式(I)化合物的中间体,其中R3表示任选取代的2-金刚烷基。
1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷通常通过2-氨基金刚烷的羟基化作用制备,例如使用硝酸和硫酸的混合物(Khimiko Farmatsevticheskii Zhurnal1986,20,810;Zhurnal Organichsekoi Khimii 1976,2369)。
反应以3∶1-1∶1的比例产生1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的两种异构体,该反应有利于产生顺式异构体。实际上发现反式异构体具有更好的HSD1抑制活性,因此需要一种合成方法,为反式异构体提供更好的选择性。
或者,还原胺化后,1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷还可得自相应的酮,亦即环酮经肟的亚胺的形成以及双键的连续还原转变成胺。还原可使用负载在碳上的氢化铝锂、阮内镍或例如钯、铂、钌或铑的贵金属进行。使用氢硼化物的还原胺化是一步法的替代方案(例如公开在2003年3月起的Advanced of Organic Chemistry中)。还原的选择性取决于底物(酮)的结构和所用催化剂。
如果肟还原或使用氨水的还原胺化作用后得到的1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的两种异构体不能在LCMC或GCMS中检出,则它们很难分离。与式(III)酸的偶联反应得到式(I)的两种偶联产物的混合物,其可使用色谱法分离。然而,分了减少合成成本并提高反式异构体的产量,需要从对映体纯的中间体中分离。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种上述问题的解决方案,包括一种制备1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的方法,所述方法包括使用例如负载于碳的钌催化,用L(-)-1-苯基乙胺还原胺化5-羟基-金刚烷-2-酮。提供的选择性为3∶1,有利于生成反式异构体。得到的异构体易于分离,并且随后反-4-(1-苯基-乙氨基)金刚烷-1-醇的脱苄基作用得到纯的反-1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷。
方案8
Figure C20061010903900331
特别是,1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷如下制备:
a)4-(1-苯基-乙氨基)-金刚烷-1-醇
制备
Figure C20061010903900341
将市场上可买到的5-羟基金刚烷-2-酮(0.1mol)、L(-)-α-甲基-苄胺(0.105mol)、异丙醇铝(0.1mol)和负载在碳上的铑(20mol%)悬浮在500ml甲苯中,加入20ml 4%的噻吩溶液。反应混合物在50℃下搅拌24小时。滤除催化剂,滤液在真空下浓缩。残余物包括反∶顺比例为3∶1的两种异构体,通过柱色谱分离得到12g中间体XVIII-A和4g中间体XVHI-B。
b)1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷
制备
Figure C20061010903900342
将胺VIH-A(0.05mol)溶于甲醇(100ml)中,负载于活性碳上的钯(0.002mol)加入到混合物中并在室温下氢化16小时。滤除催化剂,滤液在真空下浓缩。残余物用二氯甲烷研磨得到标题化合物(II-A)(7.5g)。
上述反应中使用的部分中间体和原材料是已知的化合物,并可从市场上买到或可根据现有技术中已知的方法制备。
由于其具有的药理学特性,本发明的化合物是有用的。它们由此可用作药品,尤其是用于治疗与过量皮质醇形成有关的疾病,例如肥胖症、糖尿病、与肥胖症相关的心血管疾病和青光眼。
正如以下实验部分所述,在使用重组11b-HSD1酶的酶试验中,通过使用HPLC纯化和定量分析方法测量11-脱氢-17-羟-皮质酮到皮质醇的转变,本发明化合物在体外显示出了对11b-HSD1-还原酶活性(11-脱氢-17-羟-皮质酮到皮质醇的转变)的抑制效果。并且还在体外基于细胞的试验中显示出了11b-HSD1-还原酶抑制效果,该试验包括用受检化合物接触细胞并表达11b-HSD1,测定所述化合物对这些细胞的细胞培养基(cellular medium)中皮质醇形成的影响。本发明试验中优选使用的细胞选自小鼠成纤维细胞3T3-L1细胞、HepG2细胞,猪的肾脏细胞,尤其是LCC-PK1细胞和大鼠肝细胞。
因此本发明提供用于治疗的式(I)、(I′)、(I″)化合物,以及其可药用N-氧化物、加成盐、季胺和立体化学同分异构形式。更具体的是用于治疗或预防细胞增生介导的疾病。式(I)、(I′)、(I″)化合物及其可药用N-氧化物、加成盐、季胺和立体化学同分异构形式以下简称为本发明的化合物。
考虑到本发明化合物的用途,提供了一种治疗患有细胞增生疾病的动物,例如哺乳动物(包括人)的方法,其包括施用有效量的本发明化合物,细胞增生疾病包括例如动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄(restinosis)和癌症。
所述方法包括对温血动物,包括人,全身或局部施用有效量的本发明化合物。
因此本发明的一个目标是提供一种用作药物的本发明化合物。尤其是使用本发明化合物制造用于治疗与过量皮质醇形成相关的病症的药物,所述病症包括例如肥胖症、糖尿病、与肥胖症相关的心血管疾病和青光眼。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了本发明化合物在制备用于治疗任何上述细胞增生疾病或病症的药物中的应用。
本发明化合物的用量,此处还指的是需要达到一定的治疗效果的有效成分,其毫无疑问的随着特定化合物、给药途径、年龄和受体健康状况以及需要治疗的特定病症和疾病的不同而变化。合适的日剂量为0.001mg/kg-500mg/kg体重,尤其是0.005mg/kg-100mg/kg体重。治疗方法还包括以1-4次/天的服用方式给药有效成分。
虽然有效成分可以单独给药,优选其以药物组合物的形式存在。因此,本发明还提供一种药物组合物,其包含本发明化合物和可药用载体或稀释剂。载体或稀释剂必须是“可接受的”是指与组合物的其它组分相容并且对受者无害。
本发明的药物组合物可根据制药领域公知的方法制备,例如使用Gennaro等人在《Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences》(第18版,Mack出版社,1990,尤其是参见第8部分:Pharmaceutical preparationsand their Manufacture)中公开的方法。当有效成分与可药用载体紧密混合时,根据制剂预期的给药形式,碱形式或加成盐形式的治疗有效量的特定化合物可采取多种形式。药物组合物最好以合适的单位剂量给药,优选全身给药,例如口服、经皮或肠胃外给药;或局部给药,例如通过吸入、鼻喷雾剂、滴眼剂或通过乳膏、凝胶或洗发剂等。例如,在制备口服剂型形式的组合物时,在口服液体制剂,例如悬浮液、糖浆、酏剂和溶液的情形,可使用任何常用的药用介质,例如水、乙二醇、油、醇等;或者在粉末、药丸、胶囊和片剂的情形,可使用固体载体,例如淀粉、糖、高岭土、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等等。由于片剂和胶囊使用方便,片剂和胶囊为最有利的口服剂量单位形式,而在这种情况下明显需要使用固态药用载体。对于肠胃外给药的组合物,载体通常包括无菌水,至少大部分为无菌水,然而还可以包括其它组分,例如有助于溶解的组分。可注射溶液可使用以下载体制备,例如食盐水、葡萄糖溶液,或食盐水与葡萄糖溶液的混合物。可注射悬浮液还可以使用合适的液体载体、悬浮剂等制备。在适于经皮给药的组合物中,载体任选包括渗透增强剂和/或合适的润湿剂,任选与微量比例的合适天然添加剂混合,该添加剂不会对皮肤产生任何明显的有害作用。所述添加剂可有助于给药到皮肤和/或有助于制备所需的组合物。
这些组合物可以多种方式给药,例如作为透皮贴剂、斑贴(spot-on)或软膏剂。作为局部给药的合适的组合物,包括通常用于局部给药的所有组合物,例如乳膏剂、胶凝剂(gellies)、敷剂(dressing)、洗发剂、酊剂、糊剂、软膏、油膏(salve)、粉剂等等。所述组合物还可以通过气雾剂使用,例如使用如氮气、二氧化碳、氟利昂作为推进剂,或不使用推进剂,例如泵雾化,滴剂、洗剂,或例如浓缩组合物的半固体,其可以通过药签施用。特别是例如油膏、乳膏、胶凝剂、软膏等等的半固体组合物可以方便地使用。
为了便于给药或均匀剂量,尤其有利地是以剂量单位形式配制上述药物组合物。此处说明书和权利要求中使用的剂量单位形式指的是适于作为单位剂量的物理离散单元,每个单元含有所需的药物载体与产生预期治疗效果的预定量的有效成分。这种剂量单位形式的例子为片剂(包括带刻痕片剂或包衣片剂)、胶囊、药丸、粉剂包、糯米纸囊剂、可注射溶液或悬浮液、一茶匙容量(teaspoonful)、一汤匙容量(tablespoonful)等等,以及其segregated multiples。
为提高药物组合物中式(I)、(I′)、(I″)化合物的可溶性和/或稳定性,使用α-、β-或γ-环糊精或其衍生物有利。并且醇等共溶剂也能提高药物组合物中式(I)、(I′)、(I″)化合物的可溶性和/或稳定性。制备含水组合物时,由于主题化合物的盐具有更高的水溶性,因此很明显加入其盐更合适。
具体实施方式
实验部分
以下,术语“RT”表示室温,“THF”表示四氢呋喃,“AcOH”表示乙酸,EtOH表示乙醇,“DME”表示二甲醚,“DIPE”表示二异丙醚,“TFA”表示三氟乙酸,“EtOAc”乙酸乙酯,“iPrOH”表示异丙醇,“HOBt”表示1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑、“DMA”表示N,N-二甲基乙酰胺,“DMF”表示N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,“NaHMDS”表示N-六甲基二硅氮烷钠(N-sodi hexm thyldisilazane)、“DPPP”表示1,3-丙二基-双[二苯基膦],“EDCI”表示N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基(ethylcarbonimidoyl))-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺单盐酸盐,“DAST”表示(二乙氨基)硫三氟化物,并且ExtrelutTM购自Merck KgaA(Darmstadt,Germany)并且为含有硅藻土的短柱。
A.中间体的制备
实施例A1
中间体1
Figure C20061010903900371
的制备
中间体2
Figure C20061010903900381
的制备
双环[3.3.1]壬-2-酮肟[16473-10-2]溶于无水THF(30ml)中,并加入四氢化铝锂的溶液(15ml,1M二乙醚溶液)。该溶液在回流下煮沸16小时.加入水(0.6ml)、15%氢氧化钠(0.6ml)和水(1.8ml),然后过滤、干燥滤液(MgSO4)并蒸发,得到粗制胺。残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,并用15%的柠檬酸萃取。水层用1M氢氧化钾碱化,并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥并蒸发得到中间体(1)∶中间体(2)=1∶1的混合胺(0.5g);NMR(CDCl3)δ1.2-2.1(m,CH),2.45(t,1H),2.9(m,1H)。
实施例A2
a)中间体3
Figure C20061010903900382
的制备
市售的螺[1,3-二氧戊环-2,2′-三环[3.3.1.13.7]癸]-6′-酮[50776-11-9](2.3g,0.012mol)(含约30%的二缩酮)溶于乙醇,然后加入盐酸羟胺(1.7g,0.025mol)和NaOH(1.0g)的水(30ml)溶液。混合物搅拌过夜。在真空中蒸发掉挥发物,然后剩余残渣用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤,干燥并蒸发得到肟中间体(3)(2.4g)。
NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.3-2.3(m,CH),2.5(bs,1H),3.5(bs,1H),3.95(s,4H,CH2CH2)
b)中间体4
Figure C20061010903900383
的制备
6-肟基-金刚烷-2-基乙二醇缩酮(2.4g)溶于7M NH3/MeOH(100ml)中,加入阮内镍(1g)并且将混合物在14℃氢化。混合物过滤、蒸发得到2.0g中间体(4)。
NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.3-2.3(m,CH),3.23(bs,2H,NH2),3.95(s,4H,CH2CH2).
实施例A3
a)中间体5
Figure C20061010903900391
的制备
3-甲氧基-5-甲基苯乙腈(0.016mol)的THF(20ml)溶液冷却到-40℃,然后滴加NaHMDS(0.0355mol),并且混合物在-30℃搅拌1小时。在-30℃滴加碘甲烷(0.0355mol)在THF(q.s.)中的混合物,反应混合物在-40℃搅拌1小时,然后反应混合物恢复到室温并搅拌过夜。所得混合物用1N盐酸处理并分层。萃取粗品并用CH2Cl2/己烷(3/2)处理,分离预期产品,得到2.5g(83%)中间体(5)。
b)中间体6
Figure C20061010903900392
的制备
将6N在水(20ml)中的氢氧化钾加入到中间体(5)(0.013mol)的乙醇(40ml)溶液中,然后反应混合物在160℃的微波条件下搅拌4小时。所得混合物用水洗涤并用DIPE萃取。水层用浓盐酸酸化到pH为1,并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机萃取物用水和盐水洗涤,干燥并蒸发溶剂。所得残渣借助己烷研磨并收集预期产品,得到1.69g(61.5%)中间体(6)。
c)中间体7
Figure C20061010903900393
的制备
中间体(6)(0.005mol)的二氯甲烷(20ml)溶液被冷却到-78℃,然后滴加三溴硼烷(1M)的二氯甲烷(10.5ml)溶液。反应混合物恢复到室温并在室温下搅拌过夜。先后加入水(50ml)、6N氢氧化钾(10ml),然后所得混合物搅拌30分钟。分离水层并用二氯甲烷萃取,然后用浓盐酸酸化到pH为1,并用二氯甲烷萃取(3×40ml)。有机萃取物用水和盐水洗涤,干燥并蒸发溶剂,得到0.620g中间体(7)。
d)中间体8
Figure C20061010903900401
的制备
将氯代(1,1-二甲基乙基)二甲基硅烷(0.0048mol)、1H-咪唑(0.0048mol)和N,N-二甲基-4-吡啶胺(0.020g)加入到中间体(7)(0.032mol)的二氯甲烷(30ml)溶液中,然后反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。滤出产生的沉淀并蒸发滤液。所得残渣(1.6g)借助DIPE研磨并收集预期产品,得到0.85g中间体(8)。
实施例A4
a)中间体9
Figure C20061010903900402
的制备
将氰化钾(0.09mol)的水(20ml)溶液加入到1-溴-3-(溴甲基)-5-甲苯[51719-69-8](0.085mol)的乙醇(100ml)溶液中,并且所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后混合物(18g)通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:2∶1的CH2Cl2和庚烷)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到7.5g(90%)中间体(9)。
b)中间体10
Figure C20061010903900403
的制备
将中间体(9)(0.036mol)的THF(150ml)溶液在氮气氛围中冷却到-40℃,在低于-25℃滴加NaHMDS(2M)的THF(0.080mol)溶液,然后反应混合物在-30℃搅拌1小时。在低于-30℃滴加碘甲烷(0.080ml)在THF(20ml)中的混合物,并且所得混合物恢复到室温然后搅拌过夜。加入盐酸(1N,100ml)并分层。水层用EtOAc萃取2次,然后合并有机层,用5%NaHCO3溶液、水、盐水洗涤并干燥。最后蒸发溶剂,得到8.2g中间体(10)。
c)中间体11
Figure C20061010903900411
的制备
将氢氧化钾(10g)在水(60ml)中的混合物加入到中间体(10)(0.034mol)的乙醇(160ml)溶液中,然后反应混合物搅拌并回流一个周末。反应混合物用冰水稀释并用二氯甲烷萃取,得到萃取物(I)和水层(I)。水层(I)用盐酸酸化并用二氯甲烷萃取。萃取物用盐水洗涤,干燥并蒸发溶剂,得到8g残余物(LCMS:90%P)。所得残渣借助己烷研磨并收集两种产物级分,得到级分1:2.8g中间体(11)。
d)中间体12
Figure C20061010903900412
的制备
将N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.005mol)、2-丙烯酸苯甲基酯(0.002mol)、三(4-甲基苯基)膦(0.0006mol)加入到中间体(11)(0.001mol)的DMF(6ml)溶液中,然后加入Pd2(二亚苄基丙酮)3络合物(0.0002mol)。反应混合物加热到90℃,并在90℃振荡4小时。反应混合物用EtOAc和DIPE稀释,然后滤出所得沉淀,滤液用水洗涤3次。水层用1N盐酸酸化并用EtOAc萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤、干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到0.340g中间体(12)。
实施例A5
中间体13
Figure C20061010903900413
的制备
将3-溴代-α,α-二甲基苯基乙酸[81606-47-5](0.001mol)溶于DMF(6ml)中,然后先后加入N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.005mol)和2-丙烯酸苯甲基酯[2495-35-4](0.002mol)。加入三(4-甲基苯基)膦(0.0006mol)和Pd2(二亚苄基丙酮)3络合物(0.0002mol),然后将反应混合物在90℃振荡4小时。反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,并用水洗涤。收集水层并用1N盐酸酸化到pH为1-2,用EtOAc萃取。合并萃取物,用水和盐水洗涤、干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂(真空),得到0.340g中间体(13)。
实施例A6
中间体14
Figure C20061010903900421
的制备
将3-溴代-α,α-二甲基苯基乙酸[81606-47-5](0.001mol)溶于N,N-二乙基乙胺(q.s.)中,溶液脱气,然后加入N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.005mol)、4-(1-氧-2-丙基)吗啉[5117-12-4](0.002mol)、三(4-甲基苯基)膦(0.0005mol)和Pd2(二亚苄基丙酮)3络合物(0.00015mol)。反应混合物在90℃振荡过夜并用EtOAc稀释。用硅藻土滤出催化剂并用EtOAc洗涤,然后加入水并分离有机层。水层用EtOAc萃取、用盐酸酸化至pH为1,并用EtOAc再次萃取。萃取物用水和盐水洗涤、干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到0.291g中间体(14)。
实施例A7
a)中间体15
Figure C20061010903900422
的制备
在100℃使3-溴代-α,α-二甲基苯乙酸乙酯[81606-46-4](0.0018mol)、2-丙烯腈(1g)、乙酸钯(2+)盐(0.0006mol)、DPPP[6737-42-4](0.0012mol)和乙酸钾盐(1g)的混合物在乙醇(150ml)中反应16小时,然后蒸发溶剂。残余物溶于二氯甲烷中并洗涤所得溶液。粗品通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:3∶2的CH2Cl2和庚烷)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.750g中间体(15)。
b)中间体16
Figure C20061010903900423
的制备
将中间体(15)(0.0031mol)用负载于活性碳上的钯(催化量)还原,然后用阮内镍(催化量)还原。吸收氢(3当量)后,滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液,得到0.7g中间体(16)。
c)中间体17
Figure C20061010903900431
的制备
将1,1′-氧-双[2-氯乙烷][111-44-4](0.0025mol)加入到中间体(16)(0.0012mol)和碳酸钾(0.006mol)的DMF(15ml)溶液中,然后反应混合物在100℃搅拌22小时。反应混合物过滤,并且滤渣用EtOAc稀释,然后用水洗涤并干燥。最后蒸发溶剂,得到0.6g中间体(17)。
d)中间体18
Figure C20061010903900432
的制备
将氢氧化钾(6ml)加入到中间体(17)(0.0012mol)的乙醇(12ml)溶液中,然后将反应混合物搅拌并回流1小时。将混合物冷却,用水稀释并用DIPE萃取。水层用浓盐酸酸化并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用水和盐水洗涤,然后蒸发溶剂。将水层浓缩(真空),并且所得浓缩液用甲醇洗涤。最后蒸发溶剂,得到0.400g中间体(18)。
实施例A8
中间体19
Figure C20061010903900433
的制备
将氢氧化钾(6N)(10ml)加入到3,5-二甲氧基-α,α-二甲基苯乙腈[22972-63-0](0.011mol)的乙醇(40ml)溶液中,并且反应混合物搅拌回流5天,然后混合物用水稀释并用二氯甲烷萃取。水层用盐酸酸化并用二氯甲烷萃取。萃取物用水和盐水洗涤,然后干燥并蒸发溶剂,得到0.190g中间体(19)。
实施例A9
中间体20的制备
将N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.005mol)、4-(1-氧-2-丙烯基)吗啉[5117-12-4](0.002mol)、三(4-甲基苯基)膦[1038-95-5](0.0006mol)和Pd2(二亚苄基丙酮)3络合物(0.00016mol)加入到中间体(11)的DMF(10ml)溶液中,然后反应混合物在90℃搅拌过夜并用EtOAc(20ml)稀释。所得混合物用水洗涤,然后水层用1N盐酸酸化到pH为1并用EtOAc萃取。萃取物干燥并蒸发溶剂,得到0.500g残余物(LCMS:69%P)。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:99∶1的CH2Cl2和CH3OH)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.196g(62%)中间体(20)。
实施例A10
a)中间体21
Figure C20061010903900442
的制备
在氮气气氛下将2-苯氧基苯乙腈[25562-98-5](0.010mol)溶于THF(40ml)并将混合物冷却至-40℃,然后滴加NaHMDS(2M)的THF(0.025mol)溶液,所得混合物搅拌30分钟。滴加碘甲烷(0.030mol)在THF,p.a.(10ml)的混合物,达到室温后将反应混合物搅拌2小时。混合物通过硅藻土过滤,然后滤渣用EtOAc洗涤,并向滤液中加入0.1M盐酸(60ml)。分离水层并用EtOAc萃取两次。合并有机层,用水和盐水洗涤,干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到2.7g中间体(21)。
b)中间体22
Figure C20061010903900443
的制备
将中间体(21)(0002mol)在氢氧化钾(6M)在水(10ml)和乙醇(20ml)中的溶液放于微波labstation(Milestone公司)的特氟隆容器中,并且该溶液于170℃在密闭容器中搅拌6小时。所得混合物然后冷却并用EtOAc洗涤。分离水层并用盐酸酸化。最后过滤所得沉淀,得到中间体(22)。
实施例A11
a)中间体23
Figure C20061010903900451
的制备
在氮气保护下,将3,5-二氟苯乙腈[122376-76-5](0.013mol)溶于THF,p.a.(60ml)中,并将混合物冷却至-30℃,然后滴加NaHMDS(2M)的THF(0.029mol)溶液,并将混合物搅拌1小时。滴加碘甲烷(0.030mol)在THF,p.a.(10ml)中的混合物,达到室温后反应混合物搅拌6小时。混合物通过硅藻土过滤,然后滤渣用EtOAc洗涤,并将滤液用1N盐酸处理。分离有机层,用水和盐水洗涤,干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到2.4g中间体(23)。
b)中间体24
Figure C20061010903900452
的制备
将中间体(23)(0.013mol)在氢氧化钾(6M)在水(20ml)和乙醇(40ml)中的溶液搅拌并回流24小时,然后冷却混合物并用EtOAc洗涤。水层用盐酸酸化并过滤所得沉淀,得到1.5g(60%)中间体(24)。
实施例A12
a)中间体25
Figure C20061010903900453
的制备
在氮气保护下,将2,6-二氟苯乙腈[654-01-3](0.013mol)溶于THF(25ml)中,并将混合物冷却至-40℃,然后滴加NaHMDS(2M)的THF(0.028mol)溶液,并将混合物搅拌30分钟。滴加碘甲烷(0.028mol)并且当温度达到室温后,反应混合物搅拌6小时。混合物通过硅藻土过滤,然后滤渣用EtOAc洗涤,并将滤液用1N盐酸处理。分离有机层,用水和盐水洗涤,然后干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂。残余物(2.2g)通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到1.4g中间体(25)。
b)中间体26
Figure C20061010903900461
的制备
将盐酸(40ml)加入到中间体(25)(0.006mol)的冰醋酸(20ml)溶液中,然后反应混合物搅拌回流24小时。蒸发溶剂,然后将剩余物溶于二氯甲烷并用碳酸钠(1M)洗涤。水层用浓盐酸酸化并用二氯甲烷萃取。收集有机萃取物,干燥并蒸发溶剂,得到0.6g(72%)中间体(26)。
实施例A13
中间体27
Figure C20061010903900462
的制备
在氮气气氛下,将氯化锡(II)(0.068mol)加入到3,4-二氢-4-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧]-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4-腈[74187-63-6](0.017mol)中,然后加入乙酸(20ml)和盐酸(20ml),反应混合物在氮气氛围下搅拌回流过夜。冷却混合物,将其倒入冰中并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层洗涤、干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到1.4g残余物(54%P)。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:98∶2的CH2Cl2和CH3OH)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到1g中间体(27)。
实施例A14
a)中间体28
Figure C20061010903900471
的制备
在氮气气氛下,将2,3-二氢-8-甲氧基-4H-1-苯并吡喃-4-酮[20351-79-5](0.02mol)和碘化锌(0.125g)在三氯甲烷中的混合物在冰的存在下搅拌。滴加三甲基硅烷腈[7677-24-9](0.067mol)并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。加入二氯甲烷(50ml),混合物用碳酸钠溶液洗涤2次。将有机层干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到4g中间体(28)。
b)中间体29
Figure C20061010903900472
的制备
在氮气气氛下,将中间体(28)(0.0072mol)在乙酸(15ml)和盐酸(15ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流过夜,然后冷却反应混合物。将混合物倒进水中并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用稀释的氢氧化钠溶液萃取,然后水层用盐酸酸化并用二氯甲烷萃取。分离有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到1g残余物(56%P)。残余物通过Biotage Flash-40柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:99∶1的CH2Cl2和CH3OH)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.39g(28%)中间体(29)。
实施例A15
中间体30
Figure C20061010903900473
的制备
将3,4-二氢-4-[(三甲基甲硅烷基)氧]-2H-1-苯并噻喃-4-腈[74187-62-5](0.021mol)在乙酸(40ml)和盐酸(40ml)中的混合物使用Dean-Starck装置搅拌并回流过夜。将反应混合物冷却并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用碳酸钠溶液洗涤,然后水层用盐酸酸化到pH为2并用二氯甲烷萃取。分离有机层,洗涤、干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到0.7g(28%)中间体(30)。
实施例A16
a)中间体31
Figure C20061010903900481
的制备
将3,4-二氢-5,7-二甲基-1(2H)-萘酮[13621-25-5](0.02mol)和碘化锌(0.125g)在三氯甲烷(5ml)中的混合物在冰的存在下搅拌,并加入三甲基硅烷腈[7677-24-9](0.075mol)。反应混合物搅拌过夜并用碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤2次。将有机层干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到5.7g中间体(31)。
b)中间体32
Figure C20061010903900482
的制备
在氮气气氛下,将中间体(31)(0.02mol)在乙酸(40ml)和盐酸(40ml)中的混合物搅拌并回流3天。然后冷却反应混合物并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用碳酸钠溶液萃取,然后水层用盐酸酸化并用二氯甲烷萃取。分离有机层,洗涤、干燥(MgSO4),过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到1.2g(29%)中间体(32)。
实施例A17
a)中间体33
Figure C20061010903900483
的制备
将5-羟基三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸酮[20098-14-0](0.01mol)和(αS)-α-甲基苯基苯甲胺[2627-86-3](0.01mol)在乙醇(20ml)中的混合物搅拌回流一个周末,然后蒸发溶剂(真空),得到2.8g中间体(33)。
b)中间体34
Figure C20061010903900491
的制备
和中间体35
Figure C20061010903900492
的制备
在氮气气氛下将中间体(33)(0.001mol)放在THF(无水)(5ml)中,并且将混合物冷却到0℃,然后加入四氢硼酸钠(0.00115mol)和三氟乙酸(0.00344mol),反应混合物在0℃搅拌。加入二氯甲烷(10ml)和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液。有机层分离、用碳酸氢钠洗涤、干燥并蒸发溶剂。残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:95∶5的CH2Cl2/EtOAc)。收集两种产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.130g中间体(34)和0.090g中间体(35)。
实施例A18
中间体36
Figure C20061010903900493
的制备
将1,2,3,4-四氢-1-异喹啉羧酸盐酸盐[92932-74-6](0.00117mol)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.2g)在2-丙酮(10ml)和水(10ml)中的混合物搅拌,然后加入二碳酸双(1,1-二甲基乙基)酯[24424-99-5](0.0022mol)。反应混合物搅拌一个周末,然后将其倒入二氯甲烷并用水洗涤。有机层分离、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到0.38g中间体(36)。
B.化合物的制备
实施例B1
化合物1
Figure C20061010903900494
的制备
将2,2-二甲基-(4-氯苯基)乙酸[6258-30-6](2.0g,10mmol)和2-氨基金刚烷盐酸盐[13074-39-0](1.9g,10mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50ml)中,加入HOBt(2.7g,20mol)、N,N-二乙基乙胺(2.1g,20mmol)和EDCI(2.1g,11mmol),并将混合物搅拌过夜。反应混合物用15%柠檬酸、饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并真空蒸发。残余物由异丙醇重结晶,得到2.0g(6mmol,60%)化合物(1)。
NMR:(DMSO-d6)δ1.4-1.8(m,CH),1.47(s,6H,(CH3)2),3.79(d,1H,CH),6.42(d,1H,NH),7.38(dd,Ar-H).
LC-MS:M+1 332.89,334.89
实施例B2
化合物2
Figure C20061010903900501
的制备
将化合物1(1.7g,5mmol)溶于甲醇(100ml)中,加入负载于活性碳的0.5g钯(10%)和CaO(1g),并将混合物在50℃氢化。吸收1当量的氢后,反应物过滤、蒸干。残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,用饱和碳酸钠洗涤、干燥并蒸发。残余物由二异丙醚结晶,得到0.65g(60%)化合物(2)。
NMR:(DMSO-d6)δ1.4-1.8(m,CH),1.49(s,6H,(CH3)2),3.79(d,1H,CH),6.21(d,1H,NH),7.25-737(m,5H,Ar-H).
LC-MS:M+1 298.44
实施例B3
化合物3的制备
将2,2-二甲基苯基乙酸[826-55-1]溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入草酰氯和1滴DMF。搅拌2小时后将溶液蒸干,再溶于10ml二氯甲烷,并加到2-氨基金刚烷[13074-39-0]和三乙胺的二氯甲烷溶液中。混合物搅拌过夜,用15%柠檬酸、饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水萃取,用硫酸镁干燥并真空蒸发。残余物由异丙醚重结晶。
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.3-1.8(m,CH),1.55(s,6H,(CH3)2),2.31(s,6H,2x CH3),3.96(d,1H,CH),5.50(d,1H,NH),6.91(s,1H,Ar-H),6.99(s,2H,ArH).
实施例B4
a)化合物4
Figure C20061010903900511
的制备
将2-甲基-2-(3-甲氧基苯基)丙酸(2.0g,10mmol)和2-氨基金刚烷盐酸盐[13074-39-0](1.9g,10mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50ml)中,加入HOBt(2.7g,20mol)、N,N-二乙基乙胺(2.1g,20mmol)和EDCI(2.1g,11mmol),并将混合物搅拌过夜。反应混合物用15%柠檬酸、饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并真空蒸发.残余物由异丙醇重结晶,得到2.0g(6mmol,60%)化合物(4)。
NMR:(DMSO-d6)δ1.4-1.8(m,CH),1.48(s,6H,(CH3)2),3.75(s,3H,OCH3),3.79(d,1H,CH),6.23(d,1H,NH),6.8-7.3(m,3H,Ar-H).
b)化合物5
Figure C20061010903900512
的制备
将化合物4溶于二氯甲烷中,冷却到-78℃并加入三溴化硼。反应混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,倒进氨水中并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤、干燥并蒸发。固体残余物在乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到化合物(5)。
NMR:(DMSO-d6)δ1.4-1.8(m,CH),1.44(s,6H,(CH3)2),3.79(d,1H,CH),6.18(d,1H,NH),6.65-7.16(dd,4H,Ar-H),9.35(s,1H,OH).
c)化合物6的制备
将化合物4溶于DMF中,并加入溴乙酸乙酯和碳酸钾。混合物在60℃搅拌过夜,倒在冰上并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用1M碳酸氢钠和盐水洗涤并蒸发。残余物溶于乙醇,加入1M氢氧化钾,并将混合物搅拌2小时。溶液用1M盐酸酸化、用EtOAc萃取,有机层干燥并蒸发。固体残余物在乙酸乙酯中结晶,得到化合物(6)。
NMR:(DMSO-d6)δ1.4-1.8(m,CH),1.47(s,6H,(CH3)2),3.78(d,1H,CH),4.67(s,2H,CH2COOH),6.23(d,1H,NH),6.77-7.3(m,4H,Ar-H).
实施例B5
化合物7
Figure C20061010903900522
的制备
将化合物4溶于DMF中,先后加入二甲氨基乙基氯盐酸盐和碳酸钾。混合物在60℃搅拌过夜,倒在冰上并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用1M碳酸氢钠和盐水洗涤并蒸发。残余物在加热下溶于异丙醇,加入草酸,并将结晶胺过滤,得到化合物(7)。
NMR:(DMSO-d6)δ1.4-1.8(m,CH),1.49(s,6H,(CH3)2),2.78(s,6H,N(CH3)2),3.43(t,2H,CH2),3.79(d,1H,CH),4.27(t,2H,CH2),6.29(d,1H,NH),6.85-7.35(m,4H,Ar-H).
实施例B6
化合物8
Figure C20061010903900523
的制备
化合物9
Figure C20061010903900531
的制备
将α,α-2,2-二甲基苯基乙酸[826-55-1](2.5g,15mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷(50ml)中,加入草酰氯(1.5ml,0.017mol)和1滴DMF。搅拌2小时后将溶液蒸干,再溶于50ml二氯甲烷中,并加入到2-氨基金刚烷(CAS 13074-39-0)(2.5g,15mmol)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(3.0g,30mmol)的二氯甲烷(50ml)溶液。混合物搅拌过夜。反应混合物用15%柠檬酸、饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥并真空蒸发。残余物使用硅胶色谱分离(洗脱液:含3-5%MeOH的二氯甲烷),得到1.8g化合物(8)。
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.2-1.85(m,CH),1.59(s,6H,(CH3)2),1.95-2.00(m,2H,CH),3.91(dt,1H,CH),5.32(d,1H,NH),7.25-7.47(m,5H,Ar-H).
和1.8g化合物9
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.2-1.7(m,CH),1.56(s,6H,(CH3)2),2.05-2.10(m,2H,CH),3.83(dt,1H,CH),5.32(d,1H,NH),7.25-7.50(m,5H,Ar-H).
实施例B7
化合物10
Figure C20061010903900532
的制备
在氮气气氛下,将化合物8(80mg)溶于二氯甲烷(2ml)并冷却到-78℃。加入DAST(0.1ml),搅拌混合物并将混合物温热至室温。加入饱和碳酸氢钠并分层。有机层用盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残余物用二异丙醚结晶得到40mg(50%)化合物(10)。
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.2-1.85(m,CH),1.59(s,6H,(CH3)2),1.95-2.10(m,2H,CH),3.93(dt,1H,CH),5.27(d,1H,NH),7.27-7.43(m,5H,Ar-H).
实施例B8
化合物11
Figure C20061010903900541
的制备
将化合物8(100mg,0.3mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2ml)并冷却到-78℃,加入三溴化硼(0.15ml,1.5mmol)。混合物温热至室温,用二氯甲烷稀释并倒在冰和浓氨水的混合物上。分层,有机层用盐水洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)并蒸发。残余物用乙酸乙酯结晶,得到化合物11。LC-MS:M+1 393.34,395.34;
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.25-1.52(m,CH),1.57(s,6H,(CH3)2),1.90-2.42(m,CH),3.97(dt,1H,CH),5.37(d,1H,NH),6.28-7.30(m,4H,Ar-H).
实施例B9
化合物12
Figure C20061010903900542
的制备
将2,2-二甲基苯基乙酸[826-55-1](0.5g,2.7mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入草酰氯(0.4g)和1滴DMF。搅拌2小时后将溶液蒸干,再溶于10ml二氯甲烷中,并加入到6-氧-金刚烷-2-基胺乙二醇缩酮(0.6g,2.7mmol)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.5ml)的二氯甲烷溶液中。混合物搅拌过夜,用15%柠檬酸、饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水萃取,用硫酸镁干燥并真空蒸发。残余物用硅胶纯化(洗脱液:含5%MeOH的二氯甲烷),由异丙醚中重结晶得到600mg(50%)化合物(12)。
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.52-2.05(m,CH),1.60(s,6H,(CH3)2),3.85(dt,1H,CH),3.85-3.90(m,4H,CH2CH2),5.45(d,1H,NH),7.23-7.42(m,5H,Ar-H).
实施例B10
化合物13的制备
将实施例B9中的缩酮(450mg)溶于丙酮(10ml),加入1M盐酸(5ml)并将混合物在45℃搅拌3小时。反应混合物浓缩,并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠和盐水洗涤、干燥并蒸发。残余物从乙醇中结晶,得到300mg化合物(13)。
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.52-1.75(m,CH),1.60(s,6H,(CH3)2),1.95-2.15(m,2H,CH),2.30(d,2H,CH),2.50(s,2H,CH),4.12(dt,1H,CH),5.45(d,1H,NH),7.27-7.47(m,5H,Ar-H).
实施例B11
化合物14的制备
将化合物13(50mg)溶于甲醇并加入NaBH4(50mg)。混合物在室温下搅拌6小时。加入1M盐酸,并将混合物用二氯甲烷萃取。有机相用盐水洗涤、干燥并蒸发。通过硅胶色谱分离(含5%MeOH的二氯甲烷),得到20mg(40%)化合物(14)。
NMR:(CDCl3)δ1.52-2.00(m,CH),1.60(s,6H,(CH3)2),3.85(dt,1H,CH),5.45(d,1H,NH),7.23-7.42(m,5H,Ar-H).
实施例B12
化合物17
Figure C20061010903900552
的制备
将1-苯基环丙烷甲酸(0.00028mol)加入到聚合物承载(polymer-supported)的N-环己基碳化二亚胺(0.0004mol)在二氯甲烷(5ml)中的混合物中。混合物搅拌15分钟。加入2-甲基-2-丙胺(0.0002mol)并将反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。滤出树脂并蒸发滤液。残渣通过预先装入硅胶的液相色谱柱(14ml,洗脱液:二氯甲烷)纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(17)。
实施例B13
化合物31
Figure C20061010903900561
的制备
将聚合物承载的碳化二亚胺(0.0004mol)悬浮在二氯甲烷(5ml)中。然后加入1-苯基环丙烷甲酸(0.00028mol)和N,N-二甲基-4-吡啶胺(0.00001mol)并将混合物搅拌20分钟。加入三环[3.3.3.13,7]癸烷-1-甲胺(0.0002mol;6种异构体)并且混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。过滤混合物。滤渣用二氯甲烷洗涤并蒸发滤液溶剂。残余物通过TRIKONEX FlashTubeTM闪蒸塔色谱分离(洗脱液:9∶2的己烷和EtOAc)纯化。收集产品级分然后萃取,并蒸发萃取物,得到0.037g化合物(31)。
实施例B14
a)化合物89
Figure C20061010903900562
的制备
将m,α-二甲基氢化阿托酸(0.001mol)、1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.0011mol)和N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基(ethylcarbonimidoyl))-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺单盐酸盐(0.00105mol)在二氯甲烷(5ml)中的混合物在室温下搅拌直到完全溶解(±20分钟)。加入2-金刚胺盐酸盐(0.0013mol)在二氯甲烷(2ml)、三乙胺(1ml)和DMF(0.5ml)中的混合物,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(2ml),并将混合物搅拌10分钟。混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发滤液的溶剂。残余物通过TRIKONEX FlashTubeTM闪蒸塔色谱分离(洗脱液:95∶5的CH2Cl2和EtOAc)纯化。收集产品级分并通过HPLC纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(89)。
b)化合物270
Figure C20061010903900563
的制备
将化合物(89)(0.005mol)、1-溴-2,5-吡咯烷二酮(0.0055mol)和2,2′-偶氮双(2-甲基丙腈[cas:78-67-1](0.030g)在四氯甲烷(50ml)中的悬浮液搅拌并回流1小时,然后滤出沉淀并蒸发溶剂。残余物溶于二氯甲烷,并将溶液用2%碳酸氢钠、水和盐水洗涤。干燥混合物并蒸发溶剂,得到2g产物。部分残渣(0.100g)通过高效液相色谱纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(270)。
c)化合物161
Figure C20061010903900571
的制备
将化合物(270)(0.0013mol)、氰化钾(0.0065mol)和碘化钾(0.00013mol)在乙腈(10ml)中的悬浮液在室温下搅拌过夜,然后蒸发溶剂。残余物溶于二氯甲烷,并将溶液用水萃取。混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发溶剂。残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:2∶1的己烷和EtOAc)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.12g(96%)化合物(161)。
d)化合物170
Figure C20061010903900572
的制备
将化合物(161)(0.0009mol)在氨在乙醇(50ml)混合物中的混合物以阮内镍(催化量)为催化剂在14℃氢化。吸收氢后(2当量),滤出催化剂并蒸发溶剂,得到0.270g(88%)化合物(170)。
e)化合物191
Figure C20061010903900573
的制备
将化合物(170)(0.0006mol)和碳酸钾(0.0018mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(8ml)中的悬浮液搅拌15分钟,滴加1-氯-2-(氯甲氧基)乙烷(0.00066mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(q.s.)中的混合物,然后反应混合物在室温下搅拌一个周末。混合物加热过夜到65℃,另外加入1-氯-2-(氯甲氧基)乙烷(0.030g)。所得混合物在65℃搅拌3小时,然后倒进水中并用二氯甲烷萃取。产品通过高效液相色谱纯化。收集产品级分、蒸发溶剂,残余物与活性碳一起振动,得到0.021g(8.5%)化合物(191)。
实施例B15
化合物178
Figure C20061010903900581
的制备
向化合物(170)(0.0003mol)和碳酸钾(0.001mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3ml)的悬浮液中滴加碘甲烷(0.001mol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(1ml)中的混合物,反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜,然后混合物倒进水中并用二氯甲烷萃取。所得混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到产物(NMR:CTS,LCMS:100%MW 382)。残余物借助于DIPE研磨;滤出产生的沉淀并干燥,得到0.075g(65%)化合物(178)。
实施例B16
a)化合物271
Figure C20061010903900582
的制备
将3-溴-α,α-二甲基苯乙酸(0.0004mol)、2-金刚胺盐酸盐(0.0006mol)和1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.0008mol)在二氯甲烷(5ml)、DMF(1ml)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(3ml)中的混合物搅拌,然后加入N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺单盐酸盐(0.00045mol),并将所得混合物搅拌过夜。加入水(2ml),混合物搅拌10分钟并通过ExtrelutTM过滤。蒸发溶剂,并且残余物通过TRIKONEXFlashTubeTM闪蒸塔色谱分离(洗脱液:98∶2的CH2Cl2和EtOAc)纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂。残余物通过高效液相色谱纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂。残余物溶于二氯甲烷并用碳酸钠溶液洗涤。混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发有机溶剂,得到0.0148g化合物(271)。
b)化合物180
Figure C20061010903900591
的制备
使化合物(271)(0.00080mol)、2-丙烯酸乙酯(1g)、醋酸钯(II)(0.0002mol)、1,3-丙二基双[二苯基膦(0.0004mol)和三乙胺(1ml)在THF(100ml)中的混合物在125℃反应16小时,然后蒸发溶剂。残余物(0.5g)用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷)。收集两种产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.120g(97%)化合物(180)。
c)化合物193
Figure C20061010903900592
的制备
将化合物(180)(0.0003mol)在THF(40ml)中的混合物以负载于活性碳上的钯(10%)(0.03g)为催化剂氢化。吸收氢(1当量)后,滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液。残余物溶于二氯甲烷,并且残余物用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷)。收集两种产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.045g化合物(193)。
d)化合物196的制备
将化合物(193)(0.00015mol)和1,4-二氧六环(0.5ml)在盐酸(2ml)中的混合物在70℃搅拌1小时,然后蒸发溶剂。残余物溶于二氯甲烷,并通过二氧化硅通路(silica-path)过滤(二氯甲烷)。蒸发滤液并将所得残渣干燥,得到0.025g(45%)化合物(196)。
实施例B17
化合物159
Figure C20061010903900594
的制备
使化合物(271)(0.00013mol)、Pd2(二亚苄基丙酮)3络合物(0.026g)、1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁(0.033g)、Zn/Zn(CN)2(0.012g/0.105g)、叠氢化钠(0.100g)和氯化铵(0.082g)在DMA(50ml)中的混合物在150℃于微波中反应45分钟。然后将反应混合物倒进水中并用EtOAc/DIPE萃取。萃取物用水洗涤并通过ExtrelutTM过滤,然后蒸发溶剂。水相用二氯甲烷萃取并通过ExtrelutTM过滤。蒸发溶剂,并且残渣通过高效逆向液相色谱纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(159)。
实施例B18
化合物166
Figure C20061010903900601
的制备
在-78℃,在氮气气氛下,将丁基锂(0.0011mol)滴加到化合物(271)(0.0005mol)的THF(5ml)溶液中,并将混合物搅拌30分钟。然后滴加碘丙烷(0.0006mol)THF(5ml)中的混合物,并将反应混合物在-78℃搅拌1小时。混合物温热过夜,然后加入饱和氯化铵溶液(5ml)。分离有机层、洗涤、通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发溶剂。残渣(0.170g)在预先装有硅胶的液相色谱柱(5g)中纯化(洗脱液:10∶1的己烷和EtOAc)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂。残余物通过高效逆向液相色谱纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(166)。
实施例B19
a)化合物272
Figure C20061010903900602
的制备
使化合物(271)(0.00013mol)、Pd2(二亚苄基丙酮)3络合物(0.026g)、1,1′-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁(0.033g)、Zn/Zn(CN)2(0.012g/0.105g)在DMA(50ml)中的混合物在150℃于微波中反应15分钟。然后反应混合物倒进水中并用EtOAc/DIPE萃取。萃取物用水洗涤并蒸发溶剂。残渣在预先装有硅胶的液相色谱柱(洗脱液:CH2Cl2)中通过固相提取纯化。收集产品馏分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.055g化合物(272)。
b)化合物273的制备
将化合物(272)(0.001mol)在氨在乙醇(50ml)溶液中的混合物以阮内镍(催化量)为催化剂在14℃氢化。吸收氢后(2当量),滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液。残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,所得溶液过滤并蒸发滤液,得到0.270g化合物(273)。
c)化合物274
Figure C20061010903900612
的制备
将化合物(273)(0.00015mol)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.0003mol)的二氯甲烷(q.s.)溶液在室温下搅拌15分钟。然后滴加4-氯丁酰基氯[4635-59-0](0.000165mol)在二氯甲烷(2.5ml)中的混合物,所得反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。混合物用盐酸(1N)、5%碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤。所得混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发溶剂。残渣通过硅胶柱色谱(洗脱液:99∶1的二氯甲烷和甲醇)纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.072g化合物(274)(无色油状物)。
d)化合物160
Figure C20061010903900613
的制备
N,N,N-triethylbenzenemethanaminium氯化物(0.00015mol)和氢氧化钠(50%)(0.5ml)加入到化合物(274)(0.00014mol)在二氯甲烷(5ml)的溶液中,反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。混合物用盐酸(1N)、5%碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤2次。所得混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到0.050g无色油状物。残余物在预先装有硅胶的液相色谱柱(洗脱液:90∶10的二氯甲烷和甲醇)中通过固相提取纯化。收集产品馏分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.024g化合物(160)。
实施例B20
a)化合物171
Figure C20061010903900621
的制备
将中间体(29)(0.0019mol)在N,N-二乙基乙胺(2ml)和二氯甲烷(15ml)中的混合物搅拌,并加入1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.002mol)。然后加入N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(0.002mol),并将混合物搅拌10分钟。加入2-金刚胺盐酸盐(0.0022mol)并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。加入柠檬酸液(2ml)并将所得混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤。蒸发滤液,并且残余物通过TRIKONEXFlashTubeTM闪蒸塔色谱纯化(洗脱液:90∶10的二氯甲烷和EtOAc)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂。剩余级分通过高效液相色谱纯化,然后收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.155g(25%)化合物(171)。
b)化合物172
Figure C20061010903900622
的制备
将化合物(171)(0.00044mol)在甲醇(50ml)中的混合物以负载在活性碳上的钯(0.1g)为催化剂氢化过夜。吸收氢后(1当量),滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液,然后干燥残渣(真空),得到0.12g化合物(172)。
实施例B21
化合物192
Figure C20061010903900623
的制备
将化合物(170)(0.0006mol)和甲醛(0.2g)在甲醇(40ml)中的混合物以负载在活性碳上的钯(0.05g)为催化剂、在噻吩溶液(0.1ml)的存在下在50℃氢化。吸收氢后(1当量),滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液。残余物溶于二氯甲烷,用盐酸(1N)、5%碳酸氢钠溶液和盐水洗涤。混合物通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发溶剂。残渣通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:90∶10的二氯甲烷/(甲醇/氨(1%)))。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(192)。
实施例B22
a)化合物198
Figure C20061010903900631
的制备
将化合物(271)(0.0005mol)、2-丙烯酸苯甲酯(0.002mol)、Pd2(二亚苄基丙酮)3络合物(0.0001mol)、三(2-甲基苯基)膦[6163-58-2](0.00025mol)和N,N-二丁基-1-丁胺(0.0025mol)在DMF(5ml)中的混合物在90℃搅拌过夜,然后将反应混合物冷却。加入水(3ml),混合物用EtOAc萃取。分离有机层、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并蒸发溶剂。残渣通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.167g化合物(198)。
b)化合物202
Figure C20061010903900632
的制备
将化合物(198)(0.0003mol)在乙酸(4ml)和盐酸(2ml)中的混合物在60℃搅拌过夜,然后冷却反应混合物并用二氯甲烷萃取。有机层分离、洗涤、干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂。残渣用高效液相色谱纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.045g化合物(202)。
实施例B23
a)化合物204
Figure C20061010903900633
的制备
将中间体(36)(0.0013mol)在二氯甲烷(10ml)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(3ml)中的混合物搅拌,并加入1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.002mol)。然后加入N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺单盐酸盐(0.002mol),并将混合物搅拌10分钟。加入DMF(2ml)后,加入2-金刚胺盐酸盐(0.0016mol)并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。混合物用水(2ml)、氢氧化钾溶液洗涤,并再次用水洗涤。有机层分离、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并蒸发溶剂。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:98∶2的二氯甲烷和甲醇)。收集产品馏分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.176g化合物(204)。
b)化合物208
Figure C20061010903900641
的制备
将化合物(204)(0.00036mol)在TFA的二氯甲烷(28%)(3ml)溶液中的混合物搅拌3小时,然后蒸发溶剂。残渣溶于二氯甲烷并用碳酸钠溶液洗涤溶液。有机层分离、通过ExtrelutTM过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到0.116g化合物(208)。
实施例B24
化合物252
Figure C20061010903900642
的制备
将1-[(2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚-1-基)羰基]-3-甲基-1H-咪唑鎓盐碘化物[548763-29-7](0.0028mol)和2-金刚胺盐酸盐(0.0028mol)在N,N-二乙基乙胺(2ml)中的混合物和二氯甲烷、THF和DMF(1/1/0.5)(50ml)的混合物搅拌一个周末,然后将反应混合物倒在水中并用二氯甲烷萃取。萃取物用柠檬酸(15%)溶液洗涤,并将有机层干燥然后过滤。蒸发溶剂,并将残渣通过TRIKONEX FlashTubeTM闪蒸塔色谱分离(洗脱液:90∶10的二氯甲烷和EtOAc)纯化。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.18g化合物(252)。
实施例B25
化合物200
Figure C20061010903900651
的制备
将2-异氰酸根-三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸烷[71189-14-5](0.0053mol)加入到1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉(0.00586mol)的EtOAc(10ml)溶液中,并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。蒸发溶剂并从2-丙醇中结晶残渣。最后收集最终产物,得到0.500g化合物(200);熔点:163-165℃。
实施例B26
化合物219
Figure C20061010903900652
的制备
和化合物218
Figure C20061010903900653
的制备
向4-氨基-三环[3.3.1.13,7]癸-1-醇[75375-89-2](0.01mol)和N,N-二乙基乙胺(0.01mol)在二氯甲烷、THF和DMF(1/1/0.2)(100ml)混合物中的溶液中,加入1-[(3,4-二氢-1(2H)-喹啉基)羰基]-3-甲基-1H-咪唑鎓盐碘化物[213134-25-7](0.01mol),并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。混合物用盐酸(1N)、氢氧化钾(2N)和氯化钠洗涤,然后干燥并蒸发溶剂。残渣用硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:3/1->1/1的己烷/EtOAc)。收集两种产物级分并蒸发溶剂,得到1.5g(46%)化合物(219),熔点:185-188℃;和1.4g(44%)化合物(218),熔点:170-172℃。
实施例B27
化合物231的制备
将1-甲基哌嗪(0.0015mol)加入到化合物(270)(0.0003mol)的二氯甲烷(5ml)溶液的一部分中,然后混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入氢氧化钠(1N)(1ml)并将反应混合物剧烈搅拌30分钟。分层并萃取水层。有机层干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(231)。
实施例B28
化合物232
Figure C20061010903900661
的制备
向化合物(270)(0.00044mol)的二氯甲烷(10ml)溶液中加入吗啉(0.0012mol),然后将混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入氢氧化钠(1N)(1ml)并将反应混合物剧烈搅拌15分钟。分离水层,然后有机层用水洗涤并通过ExtrelutTM过滤。蒸发滤液,残渣通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:99/1的二氯甲烷/甲醇)。收集产物级分并蒸发溶剂,得到化合物(232)。
实施例B29
a)化合物265的制备
将1-异喹啉甲酸(0.0056mol)在DMF(50ml)中的混合物搅拌,并加入1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.0067mol)。然后加入N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺单盐酸盐(0.00067mol),并将混合物搅拌20分钟。加入1-金刚胺[768-94-5](0.0067mol)并将反应混合物搅拌3小时。所得混合物倒入水中并用EtOAc萃取。将分离的有机层洗涤、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并蒸发溶剂。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:二氯甲烷)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到1.5g化合物(265)。
b)化合物267
Figure C20061010903900671
的制备
将化合物(265)(0.004mol)和盐酸(12N)(1ml)在甲醇(50ml)的混合物以负载于活性碳上的铂(1g)为催化剂氢化过夜。吸收氢(2当量)后,滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液。残渣溶于二氯甲烷并用碳酸钠溶液洗涤。有机层被分离、干燥(MgSO4)、过滤并蒸发溶剂。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:99/1->95/5的二氯甲烷/甲醇)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到0.8g化合物(267)。
实施例B30
a)化合物278
Figure C20061010903900672
的制备
将化合物238(0.0036mol)溶于二氯甲烷(50ml),并将溶液冷却至-70℃,然后滴加DAST(0.0015mol),并将反应混合物在-70℃搅拌30分钟。除去冷水浴后,混合物在1小时内达到室温,然后加入分批饱和碳酸氢钠溶液。分离的有机层并用水和盐水洗涤,然后干燥、过滤并蒸发溶剂。残余物通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:98/2的二氯甲烷/甲醇)。收集产品级分并蒸发溶剂,得到1g化合物(278)(LCMS:94%P)。
b)化合物279
Figure C20061010903900673
的制备
将化合物(278)(0.002mol)在THF(50ml)中的混合物以Pd/C(10%)(0.2g)为催化剂氢化。吸收氢(2当量)后,滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液(真空)。残渣借助DIPE研磨,并且收集粗产品,然后通过硅胶柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:99/1的二氯甲烷/甲醇)。收集产品级分并蒸发其溶剂,得到化合物(279)。
实施例B31
a)化合物280
Figure C20061010903900681
的制备
在室温下,将中间体12(0.0192mol)、N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(0.021mol)和HOBt(0.021mol)在DMF(10ml)中的悬浮液搅拌30分钟,然后加入2-氨基-金刚烷盐酸盐[62058-03-1](0.0231mol)的DMF(q.s.)溶液,并将反应混合物搅拌过夜。所得粗产品借助于DIPE研磨并收集预期产品,得到7.8g化合物(280)(83%)。
b)化合物281
Figure C20061010903900682
的制备
将化合物(280)(0.0065mol)在THF(150ml)中的混合物以B(1g)为催化剂氢化。吸收氢(2当量)后,滤出催化剂并蒸发滤液(真空),得到2.6g化合物(281)(100%)。
c)化合物277
Figure C20061010903900683
的制备
在室温下,将化合物(281)(0.00024mol)、N′-(乙基碳化亚氨基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺(0.000275mol)和HOBt(0.000275mol)的DMF(10ml)溶液搅拌30分钟,然后加入B(0.000325mol)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌过夜、用水和5%碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤并通过ExtrelutTM过滤。蒸发溶剂,并且残渣(0.200g)通过硅胶(2g)柱色谱纯化(洗脱液:95/5的二氯甲烷/甲醇)。收集纯产品级分并蒸发溶剂。最后将预期产品干燥(真空),得到0.106g化合物(277)。
表1、2和3中列出了根据上述实施例之一制备的本发明化合物。
表1
Figure C20061010903900692
Figure C20061010903900701
Figure C20061010903900711
Figure C20061010903900721
Figure C20061010903900731
Figure C20061010903900741
Figure C20061010903900751
Figure C20061010903900761
表2
Figure C20061010903900771
Figure C20061010903900772
Figure C20061010903900781
Figure C20061010903900791
表3
Figure C20061010903900792
Figure C20061010903900793
表4列出了根据以上实施例之一制备的化合物。在表4中使用如下缩写:HCl表示盐酸盐。
表4
Figure C20061010903900794
Figure C20061010903900841
Figure C20061010903900851
Figure C20061010903900861
Figure C20061010903900862
Figure C20061010903900871
Figure C20061010903900881
Figure C20061010903900901
Figure C20061010903900921
Figure C20061010903900931
C.药理试验
实施例C.1:测试化合物对1型和2型11b-羟基类固醇脱氢酶活 性的酶试验
化合物对11-脱氢-17-羟-皮质酮到皮质醇11b-HSD1依赖性转化(还原酶活性)的影响研究,在含有pH为7.2的30mM Tris-盐酸缓冲液、180μM NADPH、1mM DTA、2μM 11-脱氢-17-羟-皮质酮、1μL药物和/或溶剂以及11μg重组蛋白质的反应混合物(最终体积为100μL)中进行。
对11b-HSD1-脱氧酶活性(皮质醇转变为11-脱氢-17-羟-皮质酮)的影响研究,在含有pH为9.0的0.1M磷酸钠缓冲液、300μMNADP、25μM皮质醇、1μL药物和/或溶剂以及3.5μg重组蛋白质的反应混合物(最终体积为100μL)中进行。
化合物对11b-HSD2依赖性脱氢酶活性的影响研究,在含有pH7.5的0.1M磷酸钠缓冲液、300μM NAD、100nM皮质醇(其中2nM被3H-放射标记)、1μL药物和/或溶剂以及2.5μg重组蛋白质的反应混合物(最终体积为100μL)中进行。
所有的培养在37℃水浴中进行45分钟。反应通过加入含有20μg皮质酮作为内标物的100μL乙腈停止。离心后,形成的产品使用0.05mM乙酸铵/甲醇(50/50)为溶剂在Hypersyl BDS-C18柱中,通过HPLC在上清液中分析。在所有上述实验中,所有测试药物取自储备溶液并以10-5M-3.10-9M的最终浓度测试。根据所得的剂量响应曲线,计算pIC50值并评价如下:分数1=pIC50值<5,分数2=pIC50值在5和6之间,分数3=pIC50值>6。这样得到的部分数据列于下表(表中NT表示没有测试)。
实施例C.2:测试化合物对1型和2型11b-羟基类固醇脱氢酶活 性的细胞试验
对11b-HSD1活性的影响在不同的3T3-L1细胞和大鼠肝细胞中进行测试。
小鼠成纤维细胞3T3-L1细胞(ATCC-CL-173)以16500个细胞/毫升的密度在12孔平板中接种,并在37℃在5%CO2的湿润空气中于DMEM培养基(添加有10%加热失活的胎牛血清、2mM谷氨酰胺和25mg庆大霉素)中培养7天。培养基每周更新两次。在含有2μg/mL胰岛素、55μg/mL IBMX和39.2μg/mL地塞米松的生长培养基中,成纤维细胞在37℃在5%CO2湿润的空气中分化成脂肪细胞。
取自雄性大鼠的初级肝细胞以250000个细胞/孔的密度在BD-Biocoat Matrigel matrix多孔平板上接种,并在37℃在5%CO2湿润的空气中于DMEM-HAM′F12培养基中培育10天,所述DMEM-HAM′F12培养基中含有5%Nu血清、100U/ml青霉素、100μg/ml链霉素、0.25μg/ml两性霉素B、50μg/ml庆大霉素硫酸盐、5μg/ml胰岛素和392ng/ml地塞米松。培养基每周更新3次。
对测试化合物进行4小时预保温之后,向培养物中加入0.5μCi3H-11-脱氢-17-羟-皮质酮或脱氢皮质酮。1小时后,培养基在Extrelut3柱中使用15ml二乙醚萃取,并且萃取物通过如上所述的HPLC进行分析。
化合物对11b-HSD2活性的影响研究在HepG2和LCC-PK1-细胞中进行。HepG2细胞(ATCCHB-8065)以100,000细胞/毫升的密度在12孔平板中接种,并在37℃在5%CO2湿润的空气中于MEM-Rega-3培养基(添加有10%加热失活的胎牛血清、2mM L-谷氨酰胺和碳酸氢钠)中培养。培养基每周更新2次。
猪肾细胞(LCC-PK1,ATCC CRL-1392)以150,000细胞/毫升的密度在12孔平板中接种,并在37℃在5%CO2湿润的空气中于Medium 199(添加有Earls改性的盐水、100U/ml青霉素、100μg/ml链霉素和10%胎牛血清)中培养。培养基每周更新2次。
在实验开始前24小时,培养基用含10%炭吸附胎牛血清的培养基代替。
对测试化合物进行4小时预保温之后,向培养物中加入0.5μCi3H-皮质醇或皮质酮。1小时后,培养基在Extrelut3柱中使用15ml二乙醚萃取,并且萃取物通过如上所述的HPLC进行分析。
对于酶试验,测试化合物取自储备溶液并以10-5M-3.10-9M的最终浓度测试。根据所得的剂量响应曲线,计算pIC50值并评价如下:分数1=pIC50值<5,分数2=pIC50值在5和6之间,分数3=pIC50值>6。这样得到的部分数据列于下表(表中NT表示没有测试)。
Figure C20061010903900951
Figure C20061010903900961
Figure C20061010903900971
Figure C20061010903900981
D.组合物实施例
以下制剂作为本发明适于对试验动物或人全身或局部给药的典型药物组合物的例子。
这些实施例中使用的“有效成分”(A.I.)表示式(I)化合物或其可药用加成盐。
实施例D.1:薄膜包衣片剂
片芯的制备
将A.I.(100g)、乳糖(570g)和淀粉(200g)的混合物完全混合,随后用十二烷基硫酸钠(5g)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(10g)在约200ml水中的溶液湿润。将湿粉混合物过筛、干燥并再次过筛。然后向其中加入微晶纤维素(100g)和氢化植物油(15g)。所有组分完全混合并压片,得到10,000片片剂,每片中含有10mg活性成分。
包衣
向甲基纤维素(10g)的变性乙醇(75ml)溶液中加入乙基纤维素(5g)的二氯甲烷(150ml)溶液。然后向其中加入二氯甲烷(75ml)和1,2,3-丙三醇(2.5ml)。聚乙二醇(10g)熔化并溶于二氯甲烷(75ml)。后一溶液加入到前一溶液中,并加入十八烷酸镁(2.5g)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(5g),将有色悬浮液浓缩(30毫升)并匀化。片芯用由此得到的混合物在包衣装置中包衣。

Claims (1)

1.一种制备1-羟基-4-氨基金刚烷的方法,所述方法包括:
i)相应酮(XIII)的还原胺化;
ii)分离由此得到的式(XVIII)胺的立体异构体;和
iii)式(XVIII-A)和式(XVIII-B)的化合物的脱苄基作用
Figure C2006101090390002C1
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MXPA05006852A (es) 2005-08-16
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US7332524B2 (en) 2008-02-19
HRP20050555A2 (en) 2006-06-30
WO2004056745A2 (en) 2004-07-08
KR101076751B1 (ko) 2011-10-26
CN1915964A (zh) 2007-02-21
EP1581476A2 (en) 2005-10-05
NO20053596L (no) 2005-07-22
IL169315A0 (en) 2007-07-04
US20060079506A1 (en) 2006-04-13
HK1103716A1 (en) 2007-12-28
ES2614627T3 (es) 2017-06-01
NO331456B1 (no) 2012-01-09
EA009710B1 (ru) 2008-02-28
HK1086552A1 (en) 2006-09-22
WO2004056744A1 (en) 2004-07-08
HRP20050555B1 (hr) 2018-01-26
NZ541037A (en) 2008-04-30
WO2004056745A3 (en) 2004-11-11
AU2003299243B9 (en) 2010-07-29
CN1729158A (zh) 2006-02-01
JP2006511570A (ja) 2006-04-06
IL169315A (en) 2012-10-31
US7968601B2 (en) 2011-06-28
JP4919599B2 (ja) 2012-04-18
US20080096869A1 (en) 2008-04-24

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