Classifications

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  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
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  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

• the present application relates to compounds active towards bromodomains, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of treating diseases or disorders using the compounds.
• Bromodomains are protein domains of biological and pharmaceutical interest, for example as components of transcription factor complexes and determinants of epigenetic memory.
• the human genome codes for 61 bromodomains that are present in 46 human proteins, and which may be categorized into 8 distinct bromodomain families based on primary sequence conservation (Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014 May;13(5):337- 56).
• One such family, the BET family, or bromodomain and extraterminal domain family includes BRD2, BRD3, BRD4 and BRDT all of which are found in humans.
• Bromodomains are capable of recognizing acetylated histones.
• the BET family has a common domain architecture featuring two amino -terminal bromodomains that exhibit high levels of sequence conservation, and a more divergent carboxy-terminal recruitment domain (Filippakopoulos, P. et al, Nature 2010,468, 1067-1073).
• BRD2 and BRD3 are reported to associate with histones along actively transcribed genes and may be involved in facilitating transcriptional elongation (Leroy et al, Mol. Cell. 2008, 30, 51-60). It has also been reported that BRD4 or BRD3 may fuse with NUT (nuclear protein in testis) forming novel fusion oncogenes in a highly malignant form of epithelial neoplasia called NUT-midline carcinoma. It has been suggested that BRD- NUT fusion proteins contribute to carcinogenesis (Oncogene 2008, 27, 2237-2242). BRDT is uniquely expressed in the testes and ovary.
• BET family members have been reported to have some involvment in aspects of the cell cycle.
• some viruses make use of these proteins to tether their genomes to the host cell chromatin, as part of the process of viral replication (You et al. Cell 2004 117, 349-60).
• BRD4 appears to be involved in the recruitment of the pTEF-P complex to inducible genes resulting in phosphorylation of RNA polymerase and increased transcriptional output (Hargreaves et al, Cell 2009 138, 129-145).
• An aspect disclosed herein relates to a compound of
• Yi, Y 2 , Y 3i and Y 4 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of N or C; ⁇ 5 is selected from C or O;
• Xi, X 2 , X3, X 4 , and X 5 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of N, O, S or C; n is an integer selected from 0 or 1 ; R is absent or selected from the group of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted
• Ri is absent, or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 4 alkyl;
• R 2a , R 2b , R3a, and R3 ⁇ 4 are independently of each other either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -OH, -CN, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, -OR 3 i, or R 2a and R 3 ⁇ 4 taken together with Y 4 , and/or R 3a and R 3 ⁇ 4 taken together with Y 5 form a ring selected from the group consisting
• R 5 , Re, Rsa, Rsb Rg a , R%, Rioa, Riob, Ri ia, Rub are taken together with an adjacent R 5 , Re, R 8a , Rsb, Rg a , R%, Rioa, Riob, Ri ia, Rub group to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; or Rsa, R-8b and Xi ; Rg a , Rs>b and X 4 ; Rioa, Riob and X 3 ; Rn a , Rub and X 2 are taken together to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycl
• R12, Ri 3 , Ri6, Ri7, Ri8, R22, R 23 , R 2 6, and R 27 are independently of each other absent or selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl , unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, or
• Ri 2 and Ri 3 , Ri 6 and Ri 7 , Ri 7 and Ris, R 22 and R 23 , R 26 and R 27 are taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl;
• Ri 4 , Ris, Ri9, R 2 o, R 2 i , R 2 4, R 2 5, R 2 8, R 2 9, R 3 o, and R 3 i are independently of each other absent or selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl , unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl;
• A is selected from CR 32 or N; R x and R y are independently of each other selected from hydrogen,
• R x and R y are both taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl; or one of R x or R y is taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and whenever R x and R y independently of each other are selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substitute
• An aspect relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound according to formula (I).
• An aspect relates to the compounds according to formula (I) or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound according to formula (I) for modulating, such as inhibiting at least one bromodomain.
• An aspect relates to the bromodomain being a member of the BET family.
• An aspect relates to the compounds according to formula (I) or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compound according to formula (I) for for treating diseases or conditions related to systemic or tissue inflammation, inflammatory responses to infection or hypoxia, cellular activation and proliferation, lipid metabolism, fibrosis and in the prevention and treatment of viral infections; or chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases or conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute gout, psoriasis, psoriatric arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease , inflammatory bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colitis, asthma, chronic obstructive airways disease, pneumonitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, myositis, eczema, dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, allergy, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's disease
• Kawasaki disease Takayasu's Arteritis, vasculitis with organ involvement and acute rejection of transplanted organs; or treating inflammatory responses to infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or their toxins, such as sepsis, sepsis syndrome, septic shock, endotoxaemia, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multi- organ dysfunction syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, acute lung injury, ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome), acute renal failure, fulminant hepatitis, burns, acute pancreatitis, post-surgical syndromes, sarcoidosis, Herxheimer reactions, encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, malaria and SIRS associated with viral infections such as influenza, herpes zoster, herpes simplex and coronavirus; or treating ischaemia- reperfusion injury such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular ischaemia (stroke), acute coronary syndromes, renal reperfusion injury, organ transplantation, coronary artery
• leukemia/lymphoma bladder cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, burkitts lymphoma, carcinoma, myeloid sarcoma, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, colorectal cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, follicular lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, intestinal cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, liver cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma,
• mesothelioma multiple myeloma, ocular cancer, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, pituitary tumor, primary central nervous system lymphoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, rectal cancer, sarcoma, skin cancer, spinal tumor, small intestine cancer, stomach cancer, T-cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, throat cancer, urogenital cancer, urothelial carcinoma, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, or Wilms' tumor; or treating obesity, such as obesity associated with cancer treatment or obesity associated with diabetes and cardiac hypertrophy.
• any "R" group(s) such as, without limitation, R l s R 2 , R 3 , R4, R5, R8, R9, and Rio, represent substituents that can be attached to the indicated atom.
• R groups include but are not limited to hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heteroalicyclyl.
• Ra and Rt, of an NRaRb group are indicated to be “taken together” or “combined to”, it means that they are covalently bonded to one another at their terminal atoms to form a ring that includes the nitrogen:
• the substituent(s) (which may be present one or more times, such as 1, 2, 3 or 4 times) are independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, ester, O-carboxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, carbon
• substitutent itself is substituted with one ore more of the indicated substitutents.
• substituted it is meant that one or more hydrogen atoms on the referenced group may be replaced with a group(s) individually and independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, ester, O-carboxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, C-amido, N-amido, S-sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido,
• the protecting groups that may form the protective derivatives of the above substituents are known to those of skill in the art and may be found in references Greene and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3 rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1999, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
• C m to C n refers to the number of carbon atoms in the relevant group. That is, the group can contain from “m” to "n", inclusive, carbon atoms.
• a “Ci to C 4 alkyl” group refers to all alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbons, that is, CH 3 -, CH 3 CH 2 -, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 -, (CH 3 ) 2 CH-, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, CH 3 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )-,
• alkyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain group that is fully saturated (no double or triple bonds).
• the alkyl group may have 1 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “1 to 20” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., "1 to 20 carbon atoms” means that the alkyl group may consist of 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 20 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term "alkyl” where no numerical range is designated).
• the alkyl group may also be a medium size alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as "Ci_ 6 ".
• the alkyl group could also be a lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the alkyl group of the compounds may be designated as "Ci-C 4 alkyl,” “Ci_ 4 alkyl” or similar designations.
• “Ci-C 4 alkyl” or “Ci_ 4 alkyl” indicates that there are one to four carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, i.e., the alkyl chain is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, and t-butyl.
• Typical alkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and the like.
• the substituent group(s) is(are) one or more group(s) individually and independently selected from alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl,
• heteroalicyclyl aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, ester, O-carboxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, C-amido, N-amido, S-sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido, nitro, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl,
• trihalomethanesulfonamido, and amino including mono- and di-substituted amino groups, and the protected derivatives thereof.
• alkenyl refers to an alkyl group that contains in the straight or branched hydrocarbon chain one or more double bonds. If more than one double bond is present, the double bonds may be conjugated or not conjugated.
• the alkenyl group may have 2 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “2 to 20" refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., "2 to 20 carbon atoms” means that the alkenyl group may consist of 2 carbon atom, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 20 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term "alkenyl" where no numerical range is designated).
• the substituent group(s) is(are) one or more group(s) individually and independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl,
• (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl hydroxy, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, ester, O-carboxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, C-amido, N-amido, S- sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido, nitro, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfmyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl, trihalomethanesulfonamido, and amino, including mono- and di-substituted amino groups, and the protected derivatives thereof.
• alkynyl refers to an alkyl group that contains in the straight or branched hydrocarbon chain one or more triple bonds
• the alkynyl group may have 2 to 20 carbon atoms (whenever it appears herein, a numerical range such as “2 to 20” refers to each integer in the given range; e.g., "2 to 20 carbon atoms” means that the alkynyl group may consist of 2 carbon atom, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 20 carbon atoms, although the present definition also covers the occurrence of the term "alkynyl” where no numerical range is designated).
• An alkynyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted. When substituted, the substituent(s) may be selected from the same groups disclosed above with regard to alkenyl group substitution.
• hetero may be attached to a group and refers to one or more carbon atom(s) and the associated hydrogen atom(s) in the attached group have been independently replaced with the same or different heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur.
• heteroalkyl refers to a straight or branched alkyl group consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms, where one or more carbon atom(s), such as 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atom(s), and the associated hydrogen atom(s) have been independently replaced with the same or different heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• the carbon atom(s) being replaced may be in the middle or at the end of the alkyl group.
• heteroalkyl include, but are not limited to, -S-alkyl, -O-alkyl, -NH-alkyl, alkyl-O-alkyl, etc.
• aryl refers to a carbocyclic (all carbon) ring or two or more fused rings (rings that share two adjacent carbon atoms) that have a fully delocalized pi- electron system.
• aryl groups include, but are not limited to, benzene, naphthalene and azulene. An aryl group may be substituted.
• substituent group(s) that is(are) one or more group(s) independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl,
• (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl hydroxy, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, ester, O-carboxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, C-amido, N-amido, S- sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido, nitro, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfmyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl, trihalomethanesulfonamido, and amino, including mono- and di-substituted amino groups, and the protected derivatives thereof.
• substituents on an aryl group may form a non-aromatic ring fused to the aryl group, including a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, and heterocyclyl.
• heteroaryl refers to a monocyclic or multicyclic aromatic ring system (a ring system with fully delocalized pi-electron system), in which at least one of the atoms in the ring system is a heteroatom, that is, an element other than carbon, including but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• heteroaryl examples include, but are not limited to, furan, thiophene, phthalazine, pyrrole, oxazole, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, triazole, thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, tetrazole, and triazine.
• a heteroaryl may be substituted.
• substituent group(s) that is(are) one or more group(s) independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, ester, O-carboxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, carbonyl, thiocarbonyl, C-amido, N-amido, S- sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido, nitro, silyl, sulfenyl, sulfmyl, sulfonyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihal
• substituents on a heteroaryl group may form a non-aromatic ring fused to the aryl group, including a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, and heterocyclyl.
• aralkyl or “arylalkyl” is an aryl group connected, as a substituent, via an alkylene group.
• the alkylene and aryl group of an aralkyl may be substituted.
• alkylene group examples include but are not limited to benzyl, substituted benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3- phenylpropyl, and naphthylalkyl.
• the alkylene group is a lower alkylene group.
• heteroarylkyl or “heteroarylalkyl” is heteroaryl group connected, as a substituent, via an alkylene group.
• the alkylene and heteroaryl group of heteroaralkyl may be substituted. Examples include but are not limited to 2-thienylmethyl, 3- thienylmethyl, furylmethyl, thienylethyl, pyrrolylalkyl, pyridylalkyl, isoxazolylalkyl, pyrazolylalkyl and imidazolylalkyl, and their substituted as well as benzo-fused analogs.
• the alkylene group is a lower alkylene group.
• alkylene is a straight-chained tethering group, forming bonds to connect molecular fragments via their terminal carbon atoms.
• the alkylene may have 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
• the alkylene may also be a medium size alkylene having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as "Ci_6".
• the alkylene could also be a lower alkylene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the alkylene may be designated as "C 1 -C4 alkylene", "Ci_ 4 alkylene” or similar designations.
• Non-limiting examples include, methylene (-CH 2 -), ethylene (-CH 2 CH 2 -), propylene (-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -), and butylene (-(CH 2 ) 4 -) groups.
• methylene ethylene
• ethylene -CH 2 CH 2 -
• propylene -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -
• butylene -(CH 2 ) 4 -
• heteroalkylene by itself or in combination with another term refers to an alkylene group consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms in which one or more of the carbon atoms, such as 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atom(s), are independently replaced with the same or different heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen.
• heteroalkylene examples include, but not limited to -CH 2 -0-, -CH 2 -CH 2 - 0-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, -CH 2 -NH-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -NH-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -NH-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -NH-, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -CH 2 -, and the like.
• arylalkylidene refers to an alkylidene group in which either R' or R" is an aryl group. An alkylidene group may be substituted.
• alkoxy refers to the group -OR wherein R is an alkyl, e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1-methylethoxy (isopropoxy), cyclopropoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, amoxy, tert-amoxy and the like. An alkoxy may be substituted.
• alkylthio refers to the formula -SR wherein R is an alkyl is defined as above, e.g. methylmercapto, ethylmercapto, n-propylmercapto, 1- methylethylmercapto (isopropylmercapto), n-butylmercapto, iso-butylmercapto, sec- butylmercapto, tert-butylmercapto, and the like.
• An alkylthio may be substituted.
• aryloxy and arylthio refers to RO- and RS-, in which R is an aryl as defined above, e.g., phenoxy, naphthalenyloxy, azulenyloxy, anthracenyloxy, naphthalenylthio, phenylthio and the like. Both an aryloxy and arylthio may be substituted.
• alkenyloxy refers to the formula -OR wherein R is an alkenyl as defined above, e.g., vinyloxy, propenyloxy, n-butenyloxy, iso-butenyloxy, sec- pentenyloxy, tert-pentenyloxy, and the like.
• the alkenyloxy may be substituted.
• acyl refers to a hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl connected, as substituents, via a carbonyl group. Examples include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, benzoyl, and acryl. An acyl may be substituted.
• cycloalkyl refers to a completely saturated (no double bonds) mono- or multi- cyclic hydrocarbon ring system. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be joined together in a fused, bridged or spiro-connected fashion.
• Cycloalkyl groups may range from C 3 to C 10 , in other embodiments it may range from C 3 to C 6 .
• a cycloalkyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted. Typical cycloalkyl groups include, but are in no way limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. If substituted, the substituent(s) may be an alkyl or selected from those indicated above with regard to substitution of an alkyl group unless otherwise indicated. When substituted, substituents on a cycloalkyl group may form an aromatic ring fused to the cycloalkyl group, including an aryl and a heteroaryl.
• cycloalkenyl refers to a cycloalkyl group that contains one or more double bonds in the ring although, if there is more than one, they cannot form a fully delocalized pi-electron system in the ring (otherwise the group would be "aryl,” as defined herein). When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be connetected together in a fused, bridged or spiro-connected fashion.
• a cycloalkenyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted. When substituted, the substituent(s) may be an alkyl or selected from the groups disclosed above with regard to alkyl group substitution unless otherwise indicated. When substituted, substituents on a cycloalkenyl group may form an aromatic ring fused to the cycloalkenyl group, including an aryl and a heteroaryl.
• cycloalkynyl refers to a cycloalkyl group that contains one or more triple bonds in the ring. When composed of two or more rings, the rings may be joined together in a fused, bridged or spiro-connected fashion. Cycloalkynyl groups may range from Cs to C 12 . A cycloalkynyl group may be unsubstituted or substituted. When substituted, the substituent(s) may be an alkyl or selected from the groups disclosed above with regard to alkyl group substitution unless otherwise indicated. When substituted, substituents on a cycloalkynyl group may form an aromatic ring fused to the cycloalkynyl group, including an aryl and a heteroaryl.
• heteroalicyclic or “heteroalicyclyl” refers to a 3- to 18 membered ring which consists of carbon atoms and from one to five heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
• the heteroalicyclic or heteroalicyclyl groups may range from C 2 to C 10 , in other embodiments it may range from C 2 to C9 and in other embodiments it may range from C 2 to Cs.
• heteroalicyclic or “heteroalicyclyl” may be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or tetracyclic ring system, which may be joined together in a fused, bridged or spiro- connected fashion; and the nitrogen, carbon and sulfur atoms in the "heteroalicyclic” or “heteroalicyclyl” may be oxidized; the nitrogen may be quaternized; and the rings may also contain one or more double bonds provided that they do not form a fully delocalized pi-electron system throughout all the rings.
• Heteroalicyclyl groups may be unsubstituted or substituted.
• the substituent(s) may be one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, hydroxy, oxo, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, ester, O- carboxy, mercapto, alkylthio, arylthio, cyano, halogen, C-amido, N-amido, S- sulfonamido, N-sulfonamido, isocyanato, thiocyanato, isothiocyanato, nitro, silyl, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, trihalomethanesulfonyl, trihalomethanesulfonamido
• heteroalicyclic or “heteroalicyclyl” include but are not limited to, azepinyl, azetidinyl, dioxolanyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolinolyl morpholinyl, oxetanyl, oxiranyl, piperidinyl N-Oxide, piperidinyl (e.g. 1-piperidinyl, 2-piperidinyl, 3- piperidinyl and 4-piperidinyl) , pyrrolidinyl, (e.g.
• substituents on a heteroalicyclyl group may form an aromatic ring fused to the heteroalicyclyl group, including an aryl and a heteroaryl.
• a "(cycloalkyl)alkyl” is a cycloalkyl group connected, as a substituent, via an alkylene group.
• the alkylene and cycloalkyl of a (cycloalkyl)alkyl may be substituted. Examples include but are not limited cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl,
• the alkylene group is a lower alkylene group.
• a "(cycloalkenyl)alkyl” is a cycloalkenyl group connected, as a substituent, via an alkylene group.
• the alkylene and cycloalkenyl of a (cycloalkenyl)alkyl may be substituted.
• the alkylene group is a lower alkylene group.
• a "(cycloalkynyl)alkyl” is a cycloalkynyl group connected, as a substituent, via an alkylene group.
• the alkylene and cycloalkynyl of a (cycloalkynyl)alkyl may be substituted.
• the alkylene group is a lower alkylene group.
• halo or “halogen” refers to F (fluoro), CI (chloro), Br (bromo) or I (iodo).
• haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen. Such groups include but are not limited to, chloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and l-chloro-2- fluoromethyl, 2-fluoroisobutyl. A haloalkyl may be substituted.
• haloalkoxy refers to a RO-group in which R is a haloalkyl group.
• groups include but are not limited to, chloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy and l-chloro-2-fluoromethoxy, 2-fluoroisobutoxy.
• a haloalkoxy may be substituted.
• R can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroalicyclyl, aralkyl, or (heteroalicyclyl)alkyl, as defined herein.
• An O- carboxy may be substituted.
• a C-carboxy may be substituted.
• a “trihalomethanesulfonyl” group refers to an "X 3 CSO 2 -" group" wherein X is a halogen.
• a “nitro” group refers to a "-NO 2 " group
• a “cyano” group refers to a "-CN” group.
• a “cyanato” group refers to an "-OCN” group.
• An “isocyanato” group refers to a "-NCO” group.
• a “thiocyanato” group refers to a "-SCN” group.
• An “isothiocyanato” group refers to an " -NCS” group.
• a “sulfonyl” group refers to an "S0 2 R” group in which R can be the same as defined with respect to O-carboxy. A sulfonyl may be substituted.
• S-sulfonamido refers to a "-S0 2 NR A R B " group in which R A and R B independently of each other can be the same as defined with respect to the R group as defined for O-carboxy, or combined to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 3 - 8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 - 8 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 - 8 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 - 8 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroalicyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
• a S-sulfonamido may be substituted.
• N-sulfonamido refers to a "RS0 2 N(R A )-" group in which R and R A independently of each other can be the same as defined with respect to the R group as defined for O-carboxy. An N-sulfonamido may be substituted.
• a "trihalomethanesulfonamido” group refers to an "X 3 CS0 2 N(R)-" group with X as halogen and R can be the same as defined with respect to O-carboxy.
• trihalomethanesulfonamido may be substituted.
• a C-amido may be substituted.
• a lower alkoxyalkyl refers to an alkoxy group connected via a lower alkylene group.
• a lower alkoxyalkyl may be substituted.
• An “amino” refers to "RNH 2 " (primary amines), “R 2 NH” (secondary amines), and “R 3 N” (tertiary amines). An amino group may be substituted.
• aminoalkyl refers to an amino group connected via a alkylene group.
• a aminoalkyl may be substituted.
• Any unsubstituted or monosubstituted amine group on a compound herein can be converted to an amide, any hydroxyl group can be converted to an ester and any carboxyl group can be converted to either an amide or ester using techniques well- known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Greene and Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3 rd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1999).
• each center may independently be of R-configuration or S-configuration or a mixture thereof.
• the compounds provided herein may be enatiomerically pure or be stereoisomeric mixtures.
• compounds provided herein may be scalemic mixtures.
• each double bond may independently be E or Z or a mixture thereof.
• all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included.
• Tautomers refer to compounds that are interchangeable forms of a particular compound structure which vary in the displacement of hydrogen atoms and electrons, a typical example is the “enol” - “keto” forms:
• isotopes may be present in the compounds described herein.
• Each chemical element as represented in a compound structure may include any isotope of said element.
• a hydrogen atom can be any isotope of hydrogen, including but not limited to hydrogen- 1 (protium) and hydrogen-2 (deuterium).
• reference herein to a compound encompasses all potential isotopic forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
• salts refers to a salt of a compound that does not abrogate the biological activity and properties of the compound.
• Pharmaceutical salts can be obtained by reaction of a compound disclosed herein with an acid or base.
• Base-formed salts include, without limitation, ammonium salt (NH 4 ); alkali metal, such as, without limitation, sodium or potassium, salts;
• alkaline earth such as, without limitation, calcium or magnesium, salts; salts of organic bases such as, without limitation, dicyclohexylamine, piperidine, piperazine, methylpiperazine, N-methyl-D-glucamine, diethylamine, ethylenediamine,
• acid-based salts include, without limitation, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, acetates, adipates, aspartates, ascorbates, benzoates, butyrates, caparate, caproate, caprylate, camsylates, citrates, decanoates, formates, fumarates, gluconates, glutarate, glycolates, hexanoates, laurates, lactates, maleates, nitrates, oleates, oxalates, octanoates, propanoates, palmitates, phosphates, sebacates, succinates, stearates, sulfates, sulfonates, such as methanesulfonates, ethanesulfonates, p-toluenesulfonates, salicylate
• solvates and hydrates are complexes of a compound with one or more solvent of water molecules, or 1 to about 100, or 1 to about 10, or one to about 2, 3 or 4, solvent or water molecules.
• a “prodrug” refers to a compound that may not be
• the prodrug may be designed to alter the metabolic stability or the transport characteristics of a drug, to mask side effects or toxicity, to improve the flavor of a drug or to alter other characteristics or properties of a drug.
• Prodrugs are often useful because they may be easier to administer than the parent drug. They may, for example, be bioavailable by oral administration whereas the parent drug is not.
• the prodrug may also have better solubility than the active parent drug in pharmaceutical compositions.
• prodrug a compound disclosed herein, which is administered as an ester (the "prodrug") to facilitate absorption through a cell membrane where water solubility is detrimental to mobility but which then is metabolically hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid (the active entity) once inside the cell where water-solubility is beneficial.
• prodrug might be a short peptide (polyaminoacid) bonded to an acid group where the peptide is metabolized in vivo to release the active parent compound.
• Anti-drug refers to a compound or composition acting against or opposing illicit drugs or their use. Compounds of the present application may act as anti-drugs.
• to "modulate" the function of a bromodomain or a bromodomain containing protein means either to increase its cellular function over the base level measured in the particular environment in which it is found, or decrease its cellular function to less than the measured base level in the environment in which it is found and/or render it unable to perform its cellular function at all.
• An "agonist” is defined as a compound that increases the basal activity of a receptor (i.e. signal transduction mediated by the receptor).
• partial agonist refers to a compound that has an affinity for a receptor but, unlike an agonist, when bound to the receptor it elicits only a fractional degree of the pharmacological response normally associated with the receptor even if a large number of receptors are occupied by the compound.
• an "inverse agonist” is defined as a compound, which reduces, or suppresses the basal activity of a receptor, such that the compound is not technically an antagonist but, rather, is an agonist with negative intrinsic activity.
• antagonist refers to a compound that binds to a receptor to form a complex that does not give rise to any response, as if the receptor was unoccupied.
• An antagonist attenuates the action of an agonist on a receptor.
• An antagonist may bind reversibly or irreversibly, effectively eliminating the activity of the receptor permanently or at least until the antagonist is metabolized or dissociates or is otherwise removed by a physical or biological process.
• a "subject” refers to an animal that is the object of treatment, observation or experiment.
• “Animal” includes cold- and warm-blooded vertebrates and invertebrates such as birds, fish, shellfish, reptiles and, in particular, mammals.
• mice includes, without limitation, mice; rats; rabbits; guinea pigs; dogs; cats; sheep; goats; cows; horses; primates, such as monkeys, chimpanzees, and apes, and, in particular, humans.
• a "patient” refers to a subject that is being treated by a medical professional such as an M.D. or a D.V.M. to attempt to cure, or at least ameliorate the effects of, a particular disease or disorder or to prevent the disease or disorder from occurring in the first place.
• a “carrier” refers to a compound that facilitates the incorporation of a compound into cells or tissues.
• DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
• DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
• a "diluent” refers to an ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition that lacks pharmacological activity but may be pharmaceutically necessary or desirable.
• a diluent may be used to increase the bulk of a potent drug whose mass is too small for manufacture or administration. It may also be a liquid for the dissolution of a drug to be administered by injection, ingestion or inhalation.
• a common form of diluent in the art is a buffered aqueous solution such as, without limitation, phosphate buffered saline that mimics the composition of human blood.
• an “excipient” refers to an inert substance that is added to a pharmaceutical composition to provide, without limitation, bulk, consistency, stability, binding ability, lubrication, disintegrating ability etc., to the composition.
• a “diluent” is a type of excipient.
• a "receptor” is intended to include any molecule present inside or on the surface of a cell that may affect cellular physiology when it is inhibited or stimulated by a ligand.
• a receptor comprises an extracellular domain with ligand-binding properties, a transmembrane domain that anchors the receptor in the cell membrane, and a cytoplasmic domain that generates a cellular signal in response to ligand binding ("signal transduction").
• a receptor also includes any intracellular molecule that in response to ligation generates a signal.
• a receptor also includes any molecule having the characteristic structure of a receptor, but with no identifiable ligand.
• a receptor includes a truncated, modified, mutated receptor, or any molecule comprising partial or all of the sequences of a receptor.”
• Ligand is intended to include any substance that binds to or interacts with a bromodomain or a bromodomain containing protein.
• Selective or “selectivity” is defined as a compound's ability to bind or inhibit preferentially a particular protein or specific domain of a protein over other proteins or other domains.
• Selective or “selectivity” of a bromodomain binding compound or inhibitor may refer to a compound being able to bind preferentially a bromodomain of the BET family over non-BET family bromodomain containing proteins.
• coadministration refers to the delivery of two or more separate chemical entities, whether in vitro or in vivo. Coadministration means the simultaneous delivery of separate agents; the simultaneous delivery of a mixture of agents; as well as the delivery of one agent followed by delivery of a second agent or additional agents. Agents that are
• coadministered are typically intended to work in conjunction with each other.
• an effective amount means an amount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits the biological or medicinal response in a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician, which includes alleviation or palliation of the symptoms of the disease being treated.
• prevent/preventing should not be construed to mean that a condition and/or a disease never might occur again after use of a compound or pharmaceutical composition according to embodiments disclosed herein to achieve prevention. Further, the term should neither be construed to mean that a condition not might occur, at least to some extent, after such use to prevent said condition. Rather, “prevent/preventing” is intended to mean that the condition to be prevented, if occurring despite such use, will be less severe than without such use.
• Yi, Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of N or C;
• Y 5 is selected from C or O;
• Xi, X 2 , X3, X 4 , and X 5 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of N, O, S or C; n is an integer selected from 0 or 1 ;
• R is absent or selected from the group of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 4 alkyl
• Ri is absent, or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 4 alkyl;
• R 2a , R 2 b, R3a, and R3 ⁇ 4 are independently of each other either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -OH, -CN, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, -OR 31 , or R 2a and R 3 ⁇ 4 taken together with Y 4 , and/or R 3a and R 3b taken together with Y 5 form a ring selected from the group consisting of un
• R 5 , Re, Rsa, Rsb Rg a , R%, Rioa, Riob, Ri ia, Rub are taken together with an adjacent R 5 , Re, R 8a , Rsb, Rg a , R%, Rioa, Riob, Ri ia, Rub group to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; or Rsa, Rsb and Xi; Rg a , Rs>b and X 4 ; Rioa, Riob and X 3 ; Rn a , Rub and X 2 are taken together to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 3
• Ri 2 , Ri 3 , Ri6, Ri7, Ri8, R 22 , R 23 , R 2 6, and R 27 are independently of each other absent or selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl , unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, or R12 and R13, Ri6 and R17, R 17 and Ris, R22 and R23, R26 and R27 are taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted
• Ri4, Ris, Ri9, R20, R21 , R24, R25, R28, R29, R30, and R31 are independently of each other absent or selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl , unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; A is selected from CR32 or N;
• R x and R y are independently of each other selected from hydrogen
• R x and R y are both taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl; or one of R x or R y is taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and whenever R x and R y independently of each other are selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6
• Yi, Y 2 , Y 3 , and Y 4 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of N or C;
• Y 5 is selected from C or O;
• Xi, X 2 , X3, X 4 , and X 5 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of N, O, S or C;
• n is an integer selected from 0 or 1 ;
• R is absent or selected from the group of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 4 alkyl
• Ri is absent, or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 4 alkyl;
• R 2a , R 2 b, R3a, and R3 ⁇ 4 are independently of each other either absent or selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -OH, -CN, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _s cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, -OR 3 i, or R 2a and R 3 ⁇ 4 taken together with Y 4 , and/or R 3a and R 3b taken together with Y 5 form a ring selected from the group consisting of
• R 5 , Re, Rsa, Rsb Rg a , R%, Rioa, Riob, Ri ia, Rub are taken together with an adjacent R 5 , Re, R 8a , Rsb, Rg a , R%, Rioa, Riob, Ri ia, Rub group to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; or
• R 8a , Rsb and Xi; R 9a , R% and X 4 ; R 10a , Riob and X 3 ; R l la , Rub and X 2 are taken together to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl;
• R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -OH, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl;
• Ri 2 , Ri3, Ri6, Ri7, Ri8, R 22 , R 2 3, R 2 6, and R 27 are independently of each other absent or selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl , unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, or Ri2 and R13, Ri6 and R17, R 17 and Ris, R22 and R23, R26 and R27 are taken together with the atom to which they are attached form a ring selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C
• Ri4, Ris, Ri9, R20, R21 , R24, R25, R28, R29, R30, and R31 are independently of each other absent or selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl , unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cyclo alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl;
• A is selected from CR32 or N;
• R x and R y are independently of each other selected from hydrogen
• R x and R y are both taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl; or
• R x or R y is taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and
• Some embodiments relate to a compound according to any of the Formulae presented herein and wherein R 2a and R 3 ⁇ 4 independently of each other are absent or R 2a and R 3 ⁇ 4 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl and unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy.
• Some embodiments relate to a compound according to any of the Formulae presented herein and wherein R 3a and R 3b independently of each other are absent or R 3a and R 3b independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 _ 6 cycloalkyl and unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy.
• R 2a , R 2b , R 3a and/or R3 ⁇ 4 may mean the formation of a double bond (as exemplified by Formula (III) where R3 ⁇ 4 and R3 ⁇ 4 are absent and a double bond is present).
• Some embodiment relate to a compound being selected from a compound according to any of the Formulae (II), (lib), (III), (nib), (IV) or (IVb).
• the ring comprising X l s X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and X 5 is a 5 membered ring.
• Some embodiments relate to a compound as described herein wherein X l s X 2 , X 3 and X 4 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of N or C, and X 5 is C.
• Some embodiments relate to the integer "n" being 1, the ring comprising X l s X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and X 5 thus being a 6 membered ring that may or may not comprise nitrogen atom(s).
• An example thereof is when X l s X 2 , X 3 and X 4 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of N or C, and X 5 is C.
• examples include one nitrogen atom being present in the ring comprising X l s X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and X 5 i.e. in such embodiments one of Xi, X 2 , X 3 and X 4 may be N (nitrogen) the others being C (carbon).
• ring comprising X l s X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and X 5 wherein all are C, i.e. a phenyl ring.
• Some embodiments relates to Rsb, Rub, i and X 2 ; Riob, Rub, X 2 and X 3 ; and/or R b, Riob, X 3 and X 4 are taken together to form a fused ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, and unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkenyl.
• Such embodiments relates to the ring comprising X l s X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and X 5 having substituents that taken together form a fused ring system, i.e. the ring comprising X l s X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and X 5 is part of the fused ring system.
• the compound of Formulae lib, Illb, IVb, Vb, and VIb are selected from a compound wherein X5 is C (carbon atom).
• both R l la and Rub cannot be hydrogen.
• R 8 3 a and Rs3b are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, Ci_ 6 alkyl, or R 8 3 a and Rs3b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C 3 _8 cycloalkyl; Rso and Rsi
• the asterisk denotes the radical forming a bond to the general formula, e.g. in this particular example the ring system comprising X l s X 2 , X3, X 4 and X 5 .
• the following example structurally discloses the replacement of R by the -CR4 4a R44b-morpholinyl:
• Some embodiments relate to AR x R y forming a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl.
• R x or R y together with A form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl. Consequently according to these embodiments, the ring comprising X l s X 2 , X3, X 4 and X 5 is substituted in position 2 by a ring system comprising A and at least one of R x and R y .
• Some embodiments relate to the ring system comprising A and at least one of R x and R y is a ring system selected from unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl.
• Some embodiments relate to A being a nitrogen atom and accordingly the ring system formed selected from unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl.
• the ring system is described as being substituted, the substituent is not intended to be particularly limited and may when present be present 1 , 2, 3, or 4 times, and there may be different substitutents on the ring system, all within the capacity of those skilled in the art to synthesize.
• substituents on the ring system are unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, halogen, -OH, -CN, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8
• Ci_ 6 alkyl examples include unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl, Ci_ 6 haloalkyl, Ci_ 6 aminoalkyl,-CH 2 NR 7 oR 7 i , Ci_ 6 hydroxyalkyl, Ci_ 6 alkoxy-Ci_ 6 alkyl, aryl- Ci_ 6 alkyl, wherein R 70 and R 7 i independently of each other are selected from hydrogen or Ci_ 4 alkyl.
• Examples of unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl are unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolidinyl, and unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolidinyl-2- one.
• Examples of unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl are unsubstituted or substituted imidazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted pyrrolyl, unsubstituted or substituted pyrazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted tetrazolyl, and unsubstituted or substituted pyridyl.
• unsubstituted or substituted aryl examples include unsubstituted or substituted phenyl.
• Some embodiments relate to AR x R y forming a ring system as disclosed above,
• Ri ia being absent and Rub selected as disclosed above from a non hydrogen
• Some embodiments relate to AR x R y forming a ring system as disclosed above, Rub selected as disclosed above from a non hydrogen substitutent, and and Rs a , R a, Rioa and Rn a are absent and Rsb, R9b, and Riob are hydrogen.
• Some embodiments relate to AR x R y forming a ring system as disclosed above and Rsa, R9a, Rioa and Rn a are absent and Rsb, R9b, Riob, and Rub are hydrogen.
• AR x R y forming a ring system Some examples of AR x R y forming a ring system are shown in Formulae (VII, VIII, IX, and X):
• the compound of Formulae VII, VIII, IX, and X are selected from a compound wherein X5 is C (carbon atom).
• a ring system for example a cycloalkyl, heteroalicyclyl, aryl, or heteroaryl
• halogen is selected from fluoro or chloro.
• R 2a is hydrogen or methyl
• R 3a is hydrogen or methyl
• R 7 is hydrogen
• R4, R5, 5 and Rsb independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Ci_ 4 alkyl, Ci_ 4 alkoxy, C3-5 cycloalkyl, -CN, -OH, - CF 3 , and -OCF 3 ;
• X 3 and X 4 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of N and C;
• Rgb when X 4 is N, Rgb is absent, when X 4 is C, Rgb is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Ci_ 4 alkyl, Ci_ 4 alkoxy, C 3 _ 5 cycloalkyl, -CN, -OH, - CF 3 , and -OCF 3 ;
• Rub is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -OH, -CN, -N0 2 , unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8
• A is selected from CR 32 or N;
• R x and R y are independently of each other selected from hydrogen
• R x and R y are both taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, and unsubstituted or substituted aryl; or one of R x or R y is taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, and unsubstituted or substituted C 2 _9 heteroalicyclyl or unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, and unsubstituted or substituted aryl; and whenever R x and R y independently of each other are selected from hydrogen, unsubstituted
• the compound of formula (XI) is selected from compounds wherein R x and R y are both taken together with A to form a ring system selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 3 -8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 3 -8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, and unsubstituted or substituted aryl; or Ru b is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -9 heteroalicyclyl and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, or selected from the group consisting of:
• R 8 3 a and Rs 3b are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, fluoro, and Ci_ 6 alkyl, or R 8 3 a and Rs 3b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a C3_8 cycloalkyl;
• r and s are integers selected from 0, 1 or 2;
• Rs2 is selected from the group consisting of Ci_ 6 alkyl, Ci_ 6 alkoxy, -NRssR; 86, and -OH;
• R55 and R56 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of Ci_6 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C 2 -9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, and unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl; and
• Rs5 and Rs 6 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Ci_ 6 alkyl, and C3-8 cycloalkyl or R 8 5 and Rs 6 taken together with the nitrogen atom form a ring system selected from
• the compound of formula (XI) is selected from compounds wherein R x and R y taken together with A form a ring system selected from the roup consisting of:
• ring system is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 , 2, 3 or 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl,
• Ci_ 6 alkoxy unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 haloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 hydroxyalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 aminoalkyl, halogen, -OH, -CN, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-9 heteroalicyclyl-Ci_6 alkyl,
• R01, R02, R03, R04, Res, R ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, R07, Res and Reg are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and unsubstituted or substituted Ci_ 6 alkyl; or the ring system is part of a bicyclic ring system; and t is selected from an integer selected from 0, 1 , 2 and 3.
• R 2a is hydrogen or methyl
• R 3a is hydrogen or methyl
• R 7 is hydrogen
• R 4 , R 5 , 5 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, and methoxy
• X 3 and X 4 independently of each other are selected from the group consisting of N and C, wherein R 8 b, Rs>b, and Riob are hydrogen or in case of X3 or X 4 being N, Rgb, and Riob are absent.
• the compound of formula (XI) is selected from compounds wherein R x and R y taken to ether with A form a ring system selected from
• Ri i b is selected from the group consisting of
• s is sleected from 0, 1 or 2 and R53 when present is methyl; R 54 isselected from hydrogen and methyl.
• the compounds as disclosed herein are selectively binding any one of the bromodomains in the BET family of proteins compared to bromodomains not in the BET family. In some embodiments the compounds as disclosed herein selectively bind to the N-terminal bromodomain (BDl) over the C- terminal bromodomain (BD2) in any of the BET family of proteins.
• the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising physiologically acceptable surface active agents, carriers, diluents, excipients, smoothing agents, suspension agents, film forming substances, and coating assistants, or a combination thereof; and a compound of any one of Formulae (I)-(XI) or (Ib)-(VIIIb) as disclosed herein.
• the compound of Formula (I) included in the pharmaceutical composition may also be any compound of the preferred embodiments described above.
• the present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising physiologically acceptable surface active agents, carriers, diluents, excipients, smoothing agents, suspension agents, film forming substances, and coating assistants, or a combination thereof; and a compound of any one of Formulae I- XI or Ib-VIb as disclosed herein.
• Acceptable carriers or diluents for therapeutic use are well known in the pharmaceutical art, and are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA (1990), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
• Preservatives, stabilizers, dyes, sweeteners, fragrances, flavoring agents, and the like may be provided in the
• sodium benzoate, ascorbic acid and esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid may be added as preservatives.
• antioxidants and suspending agents may be used.
• alcohols, esters, sulfated aliphatic alcohols, and the like may be used as surface active agents; sucrose, glucose, lactose, starch, crystallized cellulose, mannitol, light anhydrous silicate, magnesium aluminate, magnesium methasilicate aluminate, synthetic aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate, sodium acid carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the like may be used as excipients; magnesium stearate, talc, hardened oil and the like may be used as smoothing agents; coconut oil, olive oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, soya may be used as suspension agents or lubricants; cellulose acetate phthalate as a derivative of a carbohydrate such as cellulose or sugar, or methylacetate
• pharmaceutical composition refers to a mixture of a compound disclosed herein with other chemical components, such as diluents or carriers.
• the pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration of the compound to an organism. Multiple techniques of administering a compound exist in the art including, but not limited to, oral, injection, aerosol, parenteral, and topical administration.
• compositions can also be obtained by reacting compounds with inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p- toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid and the like.
• inorganic or organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p- toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid and the like.
• carrier defines a chemical compound that facilitates the
• DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
• diot defines chemical compounds diluted in water that will dissolve the compound of interest as well as stabilize the biologically active form of the compound. Salts dissolved in buffered solutions are utilized as diluents in the art.
• One commonly used buffered solution is phosphate buffered saline because it mimics the salt conditions of human blood. Since buffer salts can control the pH of a solution at low concentrations, a buffered diluent rarely modifies the biological activity of a compound.
• physiologically acceptable defines a carrier or diluent that does not abrogate the biological activity and properties of the compound.
• compositions described herein can be administered to a human patient per se, or in pharmaceutical compositions where they are mixed with other active ingredients, as in combination therapy, or suitable carriers or excipient(s).
• suitable carriers or excipient(s) suitable carriers or excipient(s).
• Suitable routes of administration may, for example, include oral, rectal, transmucosal, topical, or intestinal administration; parenteral delivery, including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intranasal, or intraocular injections.
• parenteral delivery including intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intranasal, or intraocular injections.
• the compounds can also be administered in sustained or controlled release dosage forms, including depot injections, osmotic pumps, pills, transdermal (including electrotransport) patches, and the like, for prolonged and/or timed, pulsed
• compositions may be manufactured in a manner that is itself known, e.g., by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or tabletting processes.
• compositions for use as described herein may be formulated in conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries which facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Any of the well-known techniques, carriers, and excipients may be used as suitable and as understood in the art; e.g., in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, above.
• Injectables can be prepared in conventional forms, either as liquid solutions or suspensions, solid forms suitable for solution or suspension in liquid prior to injection, or as emulsions.
• Suitable excipients are, for example, water, saline, dextrose, mannitol, lactose, lecithin, albumin, sodium glutamate, cysteine hydrochloride, and the like.
• the injectable pharmaceutical compositions may contain minor amounts of nontoxic auxiliary substances, such as wetting agents, pH buffering agents, and the like.
• Physiologically compatible buffers include, but are not limited to, Hanks's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. If desired, absorption enhancing preparations (for example, liposomes), may be utilized.
• penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated may be used in the formulation.
• compositions for parenteral administration include aqueous solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form. Additionally, suspensions of the active compounds may be prepared as appropriate oily injection suspensions. Suitable lipophilic solvents or vehicles include fatty oils such as sesame oil, or other organic oils such as soybean, grapefruit or almond oils, or synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, or liposomes.
• Aqueous injection suspensions may contain substances which increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran.
• the suspension may also contain suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of the compounds to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.
• Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
• the compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
• the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen- free water, before use.
• the compounds can be formulated readily by combining the active compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers well known in the art.
• Such carriers enable the compounds disclosed herein to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a patient to be treated.
• Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use can be obtained by combining the active compounds with solid excipient, optionally grinding a resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores.
• Suitable excipients are, in particular, fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol;
• cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl- cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
• disintegrating agents may be added, such as the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate.
• Dragee cores are provided with suitable coatings.
• concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
• Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses.
• concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally contain gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures.
• Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active compound doses.
• Pharmaceutical preparations which can be used orally include push- fit capsules made of gelatin, as well as soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol.
• the push-fit capsules can contain the active ingredients in admixture with filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers.
• the active compounds may be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols. In addition, stabilizers may be added. All formulations for oral administration should be in dosages suitable for such
• compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
• the compounds for use as described herein are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g. , dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafiuoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
• a suitable propellant e.g. , dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafiuoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.
• the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount.
• Capsules and cartridges of, e.g., gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
• Topical ophthalmic compositions may be formulated as a solution in water buffered at a pH of 5.0 to 8.0.
• Other ingredients that may be desirable to use in the ophthalmic preparations include preservatives (such as benzalkonium chloride, stabilized oxychloro complex, which is sold as PuriteTM, or stabilized chlorine dioxide), cosolvents (such as
• compositions for intraocular delivery include aqueous ophthalmic solutions of the active compounds in water-soluble form, such as eyedrops, or in gellan gum (Shedden et al, Clin.
• compositions for intranasal delviery may also include drops and sprays often prepared to simulate in many respects nasal secretions to ensure maintenance of normal ciliary action.
• suitable formulations are most often and preferably isotonic, slightly buffered to maintain a pH of 5.5 to 6.5, and most often and preferably include antimicrobial preservatives and appropriate drug stabilizers.
• Pharmaceutical formulations for intraauricular delivery include suspensions and ointments for topical application in the ear. Common solvents for such aural formulations include glycerin and water.
• the compounds disclosed herein may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.
• the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection.
• the compounds may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.
• a suitable pharmaceutical carrier may be a cosolvent system comprising benzyl alcohol, a nonpolar surfactant, a water-miscible organic polymer, and an aqueous phase.
• VPD co-solvent system is a solution of 3% w/v benzyl alcohol, 8% w/v of the nonpolar surfactant Polysorbate 80TM, and 65% w/v polyethylene glycol 300, made up to volume in absolute ethanol.
• VPD co-solvent system is a solution of 3% w/v benzyl alcohol, 8% w/v of the nonpolar surfactant Polysorbate 80TM, and 65% w/v polyethylene glycol 300, made up to volume in absolute ethanol.
• proportions of a co-solvent system may be varied considerably without destroying its solubility and toxicity characteristics.
• co-solvent components may be varied: for example, other low-to xicity nonpolar surfactants may be used instead of POLYSORBATE 80TM; the fraction size of polyethylene glycol may be varied; other biocompatible polymers may replace polyethylene glycol, e.g., polyvinyl pyrrolidone; and other sugars or polysaccharides may substitute for dextrose.
• hydrophobic pharmaceutical compounds may be employed.
• Liposomes and emulsions are well known examples of delivery vehicles or carriers for hydrophobic drugs.
• Certain organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide also may be employed, although usually at the cost of greater toxicity.
• the compounds may be delivered using a sustained-release system, such as semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the therapeutic agent.
• sustained-release materials have been established and are well known by those skilled in the art. Sustained-release capsules may, depending on their chemical nature, release the compounds for a few weeks up to over 100 days.
• additional strategies for protein stabilization may be employed.
• Agents intended to be administered intracellularly may be administered using techniques well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• such agents may be encapsulated into liposomes. All molecules present in an aqueous solution at the time of liposome formation are incorporated into the aqueous interior.
• the liposomal contents are both protected from the external micro-environment and, because liposomes fuse with cell membranes, are efficiently delivered into the cell cytoplasm.
• the liposome may be coated with a tissue-specific antibody. The liposomes will be targeted to and taken up selectively by the desired organ.
• small hydrophobic organic molecules may be directly administered intracellularly.
• compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• pharmaceutical compositions may be incorporated into the pharmaceutical compositions.
• compositions may be combined with other compositions that contain other therapeutic or diagnostic agents.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions as described herein may be used to modulate, such as inhibiting, the function of at least one bromodomain.
• the at least one bromodomain may be selected from the group consisting of BAZ2A, BAZ2B, CECR2, BAZIA, TRIM66, TRIM24, TRIM33-1, TRIM33-2, TRIM28, SPlOO, SP140, SP140L, SPl lO-1, SP110-6, BAZ1B, BRD8(2), BRD8(1), BRWD1(2), BRWD3(2), PHIP(2), MLL, EP300, CREBBP, ATAD2, ATAD2B, BRD7, BRD9, BRPF3, BRD1, BRPFl-1, BRPF1-2, SMARCA2-2, SMARCA2-1, SMARCA4, PBRM1(6),
• the bromodomain may be a member of the BET (bromodomain and extraterminal domain) family.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions as described herein may be used to inhibit the function of BRD4.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions as described herein may modulate, such as inhibit, more than one bromodomain simultaneously.
• the bromodomain may be contained in a human protein.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions as described herein may be used to treat, prevent or ameliorate disease or conditions related to at least one bromodomain.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions as described herein may be used to treat, prevent or ameliorate disease or conditions related to at least one bromodomain contained in a human protein.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions as described herein and above may also be used in therapy or may be used to treat, prevent or ameliorate a variety of diseases or conditions, e.g. related to systemic or tissue inflammation, inflammatory responses to infection or hypoxia, cellular activation and proliferation, lipid metabolism, fibrosis and in the prevention, e.g. prophylactic treatment, and treatment of viral infections.
• diseases, disorders or conditions which may be treated, prevented or ameliorated by compounds disclosed herein include chronic autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases, or diseases or conditions associated with chronic autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, acute gout, psoriasis, psoriatric arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colitis, asthma, chronic obstructive airways disease, pneumonitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, myositis, eczema, dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, allergy, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's disease, pancreatitis, autoimmune ocular disease, Sjogren's disease, optic neuritis, neuromyelitis optica, Myasthenia
• diseases, disorders or conditions include acute inflammatory diseases or conditions such as acute gout, giant cell arteritis, nephritis including lupus nephritis, vasculitis with organ involvement such as glomerulonephritis, vasculitis including giant cell arteritis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Behcet's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, Kawasaki disease, Takayasu's Arteritis, vasculitis with organ involvement and acute rejection of transplanted organs.
• acute inflammatory diseases or conditions such as acute gout, giant cell arteritis, nephritis including lupus nephritis, vasculitis with organ involvement such as glomerulonephritis, vasculitis including giant cell arteritis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Behcet's disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, Kawasaki disease, Takayasu's Arte
• diseases, disorders or conditions include inflammatory responses to infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites or their toxins, such as sepsis, sepsis syndrome, septic shock, endotoxaemia, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, acute lung injury, ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome), acute renal failure, fulminant hepatitis, burns, acute pancreatitis, post-surgical syndromes, sarcoidosis, Herxheimer reactions, encephalitis, myelitis, meningitis, malaria and SIRS associated with viral infections such as influenza, herpes zoster, herpes simplex and coronavirus.
• SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome
• multi-organ dysfunction syndrome toxic shock syndrome
• acute lung injury ARDS (adult respiratory distress syndrome)
• ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome
• fulminant hepatitis burns
• acute pancreatitis post-surgical syndromes
• sarcoidosis
• diseases, disorders or conditions include ischaemia- reperfusion injury such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular ischaemia (stroke), acute coronary syndromes, renal reperfusion injury, organ transplantation, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardio-pulmonary bypass procedures, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, gastro -intestinal or peripheral limb embolism.
• ischaemia- reperfusion injury such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular ischaemia (stroke), acute coronary syndromes, renal reperfusion injury, organ transplantation, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardio-pulmonary bypass procedures, heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary, renal, hepatic, gastro -intestinal or peripheral limb embolism.
• diseases, disorders or conditions include treating disorders or conditions of lipid metabolism such as hypercholesterolemia,
• diseases, disorders or conditions include fibrotic disorders or conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis, postoperative stricture, keloid formation, scleroderma and cardiac fibrosis.
• diseases, disorders or conditions include viral infections such as herpes virus, human papilloma virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adenovirus and poxvirus.
• viral infections such as herpes virus, human papilloma virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adenovirus and poxvirus.
• diseases, disorders or conditions include cancer, including hematological, epithelial including lung, breast and colon carcinomas, midline carcinomas, sarcomas, mesenchymal, hepatic, renal and neurological tumours; such as adenocarcinoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, adult T- cell leukemia/lymphoma, bladder cancer, blastoma, bone cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, burkitts lymphoma, carcinoma, myeloid sarcoma, cervical cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, colorectal cancer, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, follicular lymphoma, gastrointestinal cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, glioma, gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin'
• mesothelioma multiple myeloma, ocular cancer, optic nerve tumor, oral cancer, ovarian cancer, pituitary tumor, primary central nervous system lymphoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, pharyngeal cancer, renal cell carcinoma, rectal cancer, sarcoma, skin cancer, spinal tumor, small intestine cancer, stomach cancer, T-cell lymphoma, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, throat cancer, urogenital cancer, urothelial carcinoma, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, or Wilms' tumor.
• diseases, disorders or conditions include obesity, such as obesity associated with cancer treatment or obesity associated with diabetes and cardiac hypertrophy.
• the compounds or pharmaceutical compositions may be administered to the patient by any suitable means.
• methods of administration include, among others, (a) administration though oral pathways, which administration includes administration in capsule, tablet, granule, spray, syrup, or other such forms; (b) administration through non-oral pathways such as rectal, vaginal, intraurethral, intraocular, intranasal, or intraauricular, which administration includes administration as an aqueous suspension, an oily preparation or the like or as a drip, spray, suppository, salve, ointment or the like; (c) administration via injection, subcutaneously,
• intraperitoneally intravenously, intramuscularly, intradermally, intraorbitally, intracapsularly, intraspinally, intrasternally, or the like, including infusion pump delivery; (d) administration locally such as by injection directly in the renal or cardiac area, e.g., by depot implantation by intratumoral injection, or by intra-lymph node injection; as well as (e) administration topically; as deemed appropriate by those of skill in the art for bringing the compound disclosed herein into contact with living tissue.
• compositions suitable for administration include compositions where the active ingredients are contained in an amount effective to achieve its intended purpose.
• the therapeutically effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein required as a dose will depend on the route of administration, the type of animal, including human, being treated, and the physical characteristics of the specific animal under consideration. The dose can be tailored to achieve a desired effect, but will depend on such factors as weight, diet, concurrent medication and other factors which those skilled in the medical arts will recognize. More specifically, a therapeutically effective amount means an amount of compound effective to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of disease or prolong the survival of the subject being treated. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art, especially in light of the detailed disclosure provided herein.
• the useful in vivo dosage to be administered and the particular mode of administration will vary depending upon the age, weight and mammalian species treated, the particular compounds employed, and the specific use for which these compounds are employed.
• the determination of effective dosage levels that is the dosage levels necessary to achieve the desired result, can be accomplished by one skilled in the art using routine pharmacological methods. Typically, human clinical applications of products are commenced at lower dosage levels, with dosage level being increased until the desired effect is achieved.
• compositions identified by the present methods can be used to establish useful doses and routes of administration of the compositions identified by the present methods using established pharmacological methods.
• dosage administered to a human or non-human subject may range broadly, depending upon the desired effects and the therapeutic indication. Typically, dosages may be between about 10 microgram/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight, preferably between about 100 microgram/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight. Alternatively dosages may be based and calculated upon the surface area of the patient, as understood by those of skill in the art.
• compositions disclosed herein can be chosen by the individual physician in view of the patient's condition. (See e.g., Fingl et al. 1975, in "The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics", which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, with particular reference to Ch. 1, p. 1).
• the dose range of the composition administered to the patient can be from about 0.5 to 1000 mg/kg of the patient's body weight.
• the dosage may be a single one or a series of two or more given in the course of one or more days, as is needed by the patient.
• human dosages for compounds have been established for at least some condition, those same dosages may be used, or dosages that are between about 0.1% and 500%, more preferably between about 25% and 250% of the established human dosage.
• a suitable human dosage can be inferred from ED 50 or ID 50 values, or other appropriate values derived from in vitro or in vivo studies, as qualified by toxicity studies and efficacy studies in animals.
• the attending physician would know how to and when to terminate, interrupt, or adjust administration due to toxicity or organ dysfunctions. Conversely, the attending physician would also know to adjust treatment to higher levels if the clinical response were not adequate (precluding toxicity).
• the magnitude of an administrated dose in the management of the disorder of interest will vary with the severity of the condition to be treated and to the route of administration. The severity of the condition may, for example, be evaluated, in part, by standard prognostic evaluation methods. Further, the dose and perhaps dose frequency, will also vary according to the age, body weight, and response of the individual patient. A program comparable to that discussed above may be used in veterinary medicine.
• the daily dosage regimen for an adult human patient may be, for example, an oral dose of between 0.1 mg and 2000 mg of each active ingredient, preferably between 1 mg and 500 mg, e.g. 5 to 200 mg.
• An ocular eye drop may range in concentration between 0.005 and 5 percent. In one embodiment, an eye drop may range between 0.01 and 1 percent, or between 0.01 and 0.3 percent in another embodiment.
• an intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular dose of each active ingredient of between 0.01 mg and 100 mg, preferably between 0.1 mg and 60 mg, e.g. 1 to 40 mg is used.
• dosages may be calculated as the free base.
• the composition is administered 1 to 4 times per day.
• the compositions disclosed herein may be administered by continuous intravenous infusion, preferably at a dose of each active ingredient up to 1000 mg per day.
• the compounds disclosed herein in certain situations it may be necessary to administer the compounds disclosed herein in amounts that exceed, or even far exceed, the above-stated, preferred dosage range or frequency in order to effectively and aggressively treat particularly aggressive diseases or infections.
• the compounds will be administered for a period of continuous therapy, for example for a week or more, or for months or years.
• Dosage amount and interval may be adjusted individually to provide plasma or tissue levels of the active moiety which are sufficient to maintain the modulating effects, or minimal effective concentration (MEC).
• MEC minimal effective concentration
• the MEC will vary for each compound but can be estimated from in vitro data. Dosages necessary to achieve the MEC will depend on individual characteristics and route of administration. However, HPLC assays or bioassays can be used to determine plasma concentrations.
• Dosage intervals can also be determined using MEC value.
• Compositions should be administered using a regimen which maintains plasma levels above the MEC for 10-90% of the time, preferably between 30-90% and most preferably between 50- 90%.
• the effective local concentration of the drug may not be related to plasma concentration.
• the amount of composition administered may be dependent on the subject being treated, on the subject's weight, the severity of the affliction, the manner of
• determining in vitro toxicity towards a cell line such as a mammalian, and preferably human, cell line.
• the results of such studies are often predictive of toxicity in animals, such as mammals, or more specifically, humans.
• the toxicity of particular compounds in an animal model such as mice, rats, rabbits, or monkeys, may be determined using known methods.
• the efficacy of a particular compound may be established using several recognized methods, such as in vitro methods, animal models, or human clinical trials. Recognized in vitro models exist for nearly every class of condition, including but not limited to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and various immune dysfunction.
• acceptable animal models may be used to establish efficacy of chemicals to treat such conditions.
• the skilled artisan can be guided by the state of the art to choose an appropriate model, dose, and route of administration, and regime.
• human clinical trials can also be used to determine the efficacy of a compound in humans.
• compositions may, if desired, be presented in a pack or dispenser device which may contain one or more unit dosage forms containing the active ingredient.
• the pack may for example comprise metal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack.
• the pack or dispenser device may be accompanied by instructions for administration.
• the pack or dispenser may also be accompanied with a notice associated with the container in form prescribed by a governmental agency regulating the manufacture, use, or sale of pharmaceuticals, which notice is reflective of approval by the agency of the form of the drug for human or veterinary administration. Such notice, for example, may be the labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for prescription drugs, or the approved product insert.
• Compositions comprising a compound disclosed herein formulated in a compatible pharmaceutical carrier may also be prepared, placed in an appropriate container, and labeled for treatment of an indicated condition.
• phrases "at least one" and “one or more” refer to 1 or a number greater than 1, such as to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.
• 5-nitro-2-pyrrolidin-l-yl-pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (0.861 g, 3.63 mmol, 1 eq) is weighed out in a 100 mL flask.
• EDC ((3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-ethyl-carbodiimide) (0.767 g, 4.0 mmol, 1.1 eq) and HO At ([l,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-ol) is dissolved in 10 mL DMF with 1900 ⁇ . DIPEA. The solution is added to the flask.
• 6-amino-4- methyl-quinolin-2-ol (0.697 g, 4.0 mmol, 1.1 eq) is added. Total volume of DMF is 25 mL.
• the reaction is stirred over night at room temperature. Precipitation is filtered off and solvent is removed by rotavap. Working up with H 2 0: EtOAc. The organic phase is dried with MgS0 4 and solvent is removed by rotavap. Crude is purified by CombiFlash DCM:MeOH gradient 0% ⁇ 10% MeOH. Isolated product is dried overnight.
• N-(2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-quino lyl)-5 -nitro-2-pyrrolidin- 1 -yl-pyridine-3 - carboxamide (0.203 g, 0.515 mmol, 1.0 eq) is dissolved/suspended in 5 mL dry MeOH. Pd/C (ca. 5 mg) is added. The flask is evacuated and filled with argon 3 times. H 2 gas is added with a balloon. The reaction is stirred overnight at room temperature. Crude is filtered by 22 ⁇ filter.
• the resin (SpheriTide amide, 0.060 mmol/g, 0.1 mmol 1.0 eq) is dried on oil pump overnight. The resin is washed 2 times with dry DMF. The resin swells in dry DMF for 15 minutes and drained. Approx. 2 mL of a 20 % piperidine solution in dry DMF is added to the resin, and the resin is shaken for 20 minutes. The solvent is drained and the resin is washed with DMF (3x), MeOH (3x), DMF (3x), DCM (3x).
• the resin is washed with 2 times dry DMF and swells in dry DMF for 15 minutes.
• 2-chloroacetic acid (0.0382 g, 0.4 mmol, 4.0 eq) and DIPEA (N,N- Diisopropylethylamine) (140 ⁇ , 0.8 mmol, 8.0 eq) are dissolved in approx. 1 mL dry DMF and the solution is added to the resin.
• DMTMM 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-l,3,5-triazin- 2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholin-4-ium tetrafluoroborate
• 0.1304 g, 0.4 mmol, 4.0 eq is dissolved in aprox.
• the crude was acidified with IN HCl and the water layer was evaporated.
• the crude product was dissolved in MeOH and filtered the inorganic salts and evaporated the filtrate to afford 5-(l-methoxyethyl)-2- (pyrrolidin-l-yl) benzoic acid and 5-(l-methoxyethyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-l-yl) benzoic acid (350 mg) as a brown solid.
• reaction mixture was poured into ice water and extracted with 10 % MeOH: DCM (3 x 20 mL). The combined extracts were washed with water (2 X 30 mL), brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 , filtered and evaporated.
• reaction mixture was poured into water (15 mL) acidified with IN HCl and extracted with MeOH: DCM (1 : 9) (3 x 15 mL). The combined extracts were washed with water (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na 2 S0 4 , filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by combiflash to get title compound of 2-(2-((dimethylamino) methyl) pyrrolidin-l-yl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy) benzoic acid (320 mg) as pale yellow liquid.

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