WO2011046176A1 - 導電性接着剤、太陽電池及びその製造方法、並びに太陽電池モジュール - Google Patents
導電性接着剤、太陽電池及びその製造方法、並びに太陽電池モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011046176A1 WO2011046176A1 PCT/JP2010/068061 JP2010068061W WO2011046176A1 WO 2011046176 A1 WO2011046176 A1 WO 2011046176A1 JP 2010068061 W JP2010068061 W JP 2010068061W WO 2011046176 A1 WO2011046176 A1 WO 2011046176A1
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- wiring member
- electrode
- conductive adhesive
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- light receiving
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- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sbb057044 Chemical compound C12CC=CC2C2CC(OCCOC(=O)C=C)C1C2 RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940037312 stearamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tamibarotene Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)C2=CC=1NC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 MUTNCGKQJGXKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIYXDFNAPHIAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-tert-butylperoxycarbonylbenzoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 JIYXDFNAPHIAFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPLLCUVYRHGZJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylperoxycyclododecane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC1CCCCCCCCCCC1 CPLLCUVYRHGZJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KEROTHRUZYBWCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XOALFFJGWSCQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
- H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
- H01L31/0512—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module made of a particular material or composition of materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a conductive adhesive, a solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a solar cell module.
- Patent Documents 3 to 6 are compositions in which metal particles represented by silver particles are dispersed in a thermosetting resin. Mainly, the metal particles are in physical contact with the electrodes and wiring members of solar cells. By doing so, an electrical connection is developed.
- JP 2002-263880 A JP 2004-204256 A JP-A-8-330615 JP 2003-133570 A JP 2005-243935 A JP 2007-265635 A
- a solar cell manufactured using a conventional conductive adhesive containing metal particles is not necessarily sufficient in terms of reliability. Specifically, when a solar cell is exposed to a high temperature and high humidity environment, there has been a problem that its characteristics are remarkably deteriorated.
- the present invention can be connected at a temperature lower than that of Sn—Ag—Cu solder, and can be used for bonding a wiring member to an electrode of a solar cell.
- the main object is to provide a conductive adhesive in which the characteristics of a solar cell are sufficiently maintained even after a high temperature and high humidity test.
- an object of this invention is to provide the solar cell and solar cell module which can maintain a sufficient characteristic after a high temperature, high humidity test.
- the present invention relates to a conductive adhesive containing conductive particles containing a metal, a thermosetting resin, and a flux activator.
- the melting point of the conductive particles is 220 ° C. or less.
- the conductive adhesive according to the present invention is used for electrically connecting and bonding the electrode and the wiring member connected to the solar battery cell to the electrode.
- the conductive adhesive according to the present invention is used for bonding a wiring member to an electrode of a solar cell while being able to be connected at a lower temperature than Sn-Ag-Cu solder, the solar cell These characteristics are sufficiently maintained even after the high temperature and high humidity test.
- the present invention also relates to a conductive adhesive containing conductive particles containing a metal, a thermosetting resin, a flux activator, and a rheology control agent.
- This conductive adhesive has a viscosity of 100 to 500 Pa ⁇ s measured with a rotational viscometer at a measurement temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm.
- the conductive adhesive heats the conductive adhesive to a temperature at which the conductive particles melt with the conductive adhesive interposed between the electrode connected to the solar battery cell and the wiring member. It is used for electrically connecting and bonding the wiring member to the electrode by a method including steps.
- the conductive adhesive according to the present invention may contain conductive particles, a thermosetting resin, a flux activator, and inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles.
- the conductive adhesive of the present invention when used to bond a wiring member to an electrode of a solar cell, it can be connected at a lower temperature than Sn—Ag—Cu solder.
- the characteristics of the battery are sufficiently maintained even after the high temperature and high humidity test.
- a rheology control agent, or inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles excellent storage stability of the conductive adhesive is exhibited while ensuring sufficient electrical conductivity.
- the melting point of the conductive particles is preferably 220 ° C. or lower. Thereby, adhesion
- the ratio of the viscosity measured after standing for 24 hours at 25 ° C. to the viscosity measured before standing is preferably 0.7 to 1.5. This viscosity is measured with a rotational viscometer at a measurement temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm.
- the conductive particles preferably contain at least one metal selected from the group consisting of bismuth, indium, tin and zinc. Thereby, melting
- thermosetting resin preferably contains at least one of an epoxy resin and a (meth) acrylic resin.
- the flux activator is preferably a compound having a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group.
- the present invention relates to a solar cell.
- the solar cell according to the present invention includes a solar cell, electrodes connected to the light receiving surface and the back surface of the solar cell, a first wiring member disposed opposite to the electrode on the light receiving surface side, and an electrode on the back surface side.
- the conductive bonding according to the present invention which is interposed between the second wiring member arranged oppositely, the electrode on the light receiving surface side and the first wiring member, and between the electrode on the back surface side and the second wiring member.
- the first wiring member and the second wiring member are electrically connected to and bonded to the electrodes, respectively.
- the characteristics of the solar cell according to the present invention are sufficiently maintained even after the high temperature and high humidity test.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solar cell.
- the manufacturing method according to the present invention includes a step of applying the conductive adhesive according to the present invention to the electrodes connected to the light receiving surface and the back surface of the solar battery cell, and the applied conductive adhesive interposed therebetween.
- the manufacturing method according to the present invention it is possible to efficiently manufacture a solar cell that maintains its characteristics sufficiently even after a high-temperature and high-humidity test.
- the present invention relates to a solar cell module.
- the solar cell module according to the present invention includes a plurality of solar cells, electrodes connected to the light receiving surfaces and the back surfaces of the plurality of solar cells, a first wiring member disposed opposite to the electrodes on the light receiving surface side, and The present invention, wherein the present invention is interposed between the second wiring member disposed opposite to the electrode on the back surface side, the electrode on the light receiving surface side and the first wiring member, and between the electrode on the back surface side and the second wiring member.
- a conductive adhesive The first wiring member and the second wiring member are electrically connected to and bonded to the electrodes, respectively.
- the plurality of solar cells are electrically connected by connecting the wiring members.
- the characteristics of the solar cell module according to the present invention are sufficiently maintained even after the high temperature and high humidity test.
- the first wiring member and the second wiring member are disposed between the light receiving surface side electrode and the first wiring member and between the back surface side electrode and the second wiring member. It is preferable that each of the electrodes is electrically connected to and bonded to the electrodes by a method including a step of heating the conductive adhesive to a temperature at which the conductive particles melt with the conductive adhesive interposed. .
- the conductive particles melt and agglomerate to form a metal bond path between the electrode and the wiring member, and the thermosetting resin hardens around the metal bond to form a metal bond.
- the path is reinforced. As a result, it is considered that the characteristics of the solar cell are sufficiently maintained even after the high temperature and high humidity test.
- the conductive adhesive of the present invention it is possible to connect at lower temperature than Sn—Ag—Cu solder, but when used for bonding a wiring member to the electrode of the solar cell, The characteristics are sufficiently maintained even after the high temperature and high humidity test.
- the conductive adhesive according to the present invention containing an agent, inorganic fine particles and the like, excellent storage stability of the conductive adhesive is exhibited while ensuring sufficient electrical conductivity.
- the conductive adhesive according to the present embodiment contains at least conductive particles containing a metal and a thermosetting resin.
- the melting point of the conductive particles is preferably 220 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the melting point of the conductive particles is preferably low, but the lower limit is usually about 120 ° C.
- the conductive particles having such a melting point include, for example, at least one metal selected from bismuth (Bi), indium (In), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn).
- the conductive particles are often formed from an alloy.
- the conductive particles are preferably substantially free of lead.
- the conductive particles are Sn42-Bi58 solder (melting point 138 ° C.), Sn48-In52 solder (melting point 117 ° C.), Sn42-Bi57-Ag1 solder (melting point 139 ° C.), Sn90-Ag2-Cu0.5.
- Metal particles composed of solder selected from -Bi7.5 solder (melting point 189 ° C), Sn96-Zn8-Bi3 solder (melting point 190 ° C) and Sn91-Zn9 solder (melting point 197 ° C). These solders are preferable because they exhibit a clear solidification behavior after melting. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive particles may be composed only of metal, or particles having core particles made of a solid material other than metal such as ceramics, silica, and resin, and a metal film covering the surface. There may be.
- the core particle may be a metal particle.
- the melting point of the metal film covering the surface of the conductive particles may be 220 ° C.
- the conductive adhesive may contain conductive particles having a melting point higher than 220 ° C. together with conductive particles having a melting point of 220 ° C. or lower.
- Such conductive particles are made of, for example, an alloy containing Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Ni, Pd, Al, or a combination thereof. More specifically, Au particle
- the average particle diameter of the conductive particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the viscosity of the adhesive composition tends to increase and workability tends to decrease.
- the average particle diameter of the conductive particles exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the printability is lowered and the effect of improving the connection reliability tends to be reduced.
- the average particle size is more preferably 1.0 to 70 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the conductive particles is particularly preferably from 5.0 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the content of the conductive particles is preferably such that the mass of the metal contained in the conductive particles is 5 to 95% by mass with respect to the total mass of the conductive adhesive.
- the amount of the conductive particles is less than 5% by mass, the conductivity of the cured product of the conductive adhesive tends to decrease.
- the amount of the conductive particles exceeds 95% by mass, the viscosity of the conductive adhesive tends to increase and workability tends to decrease.
- the amount of components other than the conductive particles in the conductive adhesive is relatively small, the mounting reliability of the cured product tends to be lowered.
- the amount of the conductive particles is more preferably 10 to 90% by mass from the viewpoint of improving workability or conductivity.
- the thermosetting resin has a function of curing by heating and bonding the adherend, and also acts as a binder component that binds the conductive particles in the conductive adhesive and the rheology control agent described later.
- the thermosetting resin is selected from, for example, epoxy resins, (meth) acrylic resins, maleimide resins, cyanate resins, and precursors thereof. Among these, a compound having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond represented by (meth) acrylic resin and maleimide resin, and an epoxy resin are preferable.
- These thermosetting resins are excellent in heat resistance and adhesiveness, and also can be handled in a liquid state if dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent as required, so that they are excellent in workability.
- the above-mentioned thermosetting resins are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- (Meth) acrylic resin is composed of a compound having a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond.
- examples of such compounds include monoacrylate compounds, monomethacrylate compounds, diacrylate compounds, and dimethacrylate compounds.
- Examples of the monoacrylate compound include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2- Ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, isodecyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, tridecyl acrylate, hexadecyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, isostearyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, diethylene glycol acrylate, polyethylene glycol acrylate, polypropylene Acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, 2-eth
- Examples of the monomethacrylate compound include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, 2- Ethylhexyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, tridecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, isostearyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate, diethylene glycol methacrylate , Polyethylene glycol
- diacrylate compound examples include ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, neo Pentyl glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, bisphenol A, bisphenol F or bisphenol AD 1 mole and glycidyl acrylate 2 Mole reactant, polyethylene of bisphenol A, bisphenol F or bisphenol AD Examples include diacrylates of oxide adducts, diacrylates of polypropylene oxide adducts of bisphenol A, bisphenol F or bisphenol AD, bis (acryloxypropyl) polydimethylsiloxane, and bis (acryloxypropyl)
- dimethacrylate compound examples include ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, neo Pentyl glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tripropylene glycol dimethacrylate, polypropylene glycol dimethacrylate, bisphenol A, bisphenol F or bisphenol AD 1 mole and glycidyl methacrylate 2 Molar reactants, bisphenol A, bisphenol F or Include dimethylsiloxane copolymer - scan phenol AD dimethacrylate of a polyethylene oxide adduct of polypropylene oxide adduct of bisphenol F
- the conductive adhesive preferably contains a radical polymerization initiator.
- the radical polymerization initiator is preferably an organic peroxide from the viewpoint of effectively suppressing voids. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the curability and viscosity stability of the conductive adhesive, the organic peroxide preferably has a 1 minute half-life temperature of 70 to 170 ° C.
- radical polymerization initiators include 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, 1,1-bis (t-butylperoxy) cyclohexane, 1,1-bis. (T-butylperoxy) cyclododecane, di-t-butylperoxyisophthalate, t-butylperoxybenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (T-butylperoxy) hexane, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (t-butylperoxy) -3-hexyne, cumene hydroperoxide. These are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the blending ratio of the radical polymerization initiator is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass and more preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of components other than the conductive particles in the conductive adhesive. More preferably, it is 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- epoxy resin any compound having two or more epoxy groups can be used without particular limitation.
- examples of such an epoxy resin include an epoxy resin derived from bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol AD, and the like and epichlorohydridone.
- Such an epoxy resin can be obtained commercially.
- Specific examples include AER-X8501 (trade name, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), R-301 (trade name, manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), YL-980 (Japan Epoxy Resin (trade name), which is a bisphenol A type epoxy resin.
- Product name YDF-170 (trade name, manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd.), YL-983 (trade name, manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.), and bisphenol AD type epoxy resin.
- R-1710 (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Petrochemical Co., Ltd.), N-730S (trade name, manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.), a phenol novolac type epoxy resin, Quatrex-2010 (product, manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.) Name), YDCN-702S (trade name, manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd.), a cresol novolac type epoxy resin, EOCN 100 (manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., trade name), EPPN-501 (trade name, produced by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) which is a polyfunctional epoxy resin, TACTIX-742 (trade name, produced by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.), VG-3010 ( Mitsui Petrochemical Co., Ltd., trade name), 1032S (Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd., trade name), HP-4032 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, trade name), an epoxy resin
- k represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- epoxy resins bisphenol A type epoxy resins, bisphenol F type epoxy resins, bisphenol AD type epoxy resins, and amine type epoxy resins that have few ionic impurities and are excellent in reactivity are particularly preferable.
- epoxy resins are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive adhesive may further contain an epoxy compound having only one epoxy group as a reactive diluent.
- an epoxy compound is commercially available. Specific examples thereof include, for example, PGE (trade name, manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), PP-101 (trade name, manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd.), ED-502, ED-509, ED-509S (manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) Product name), YED-122 (manufactured by Yuka Shell Epoxy Co., Ltd., product name), KBM-403 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., product name), TSL-8350, TSL-8355, TSL-9905 (manufactured by Toshiba Silicone Co., Ltd.) Product name). These are used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the blending ratio of the reactive diluent may be in a range that does not hinder the effect of the present invention, and is preferably 0 to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the epoxy resin.
- the conductive adhesive further contains a curing agent for the epoxy resin, and in addition to that, it further contains a curing accelerator for improving the curability. Is preferred.
- the curing agent is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used, and a commercially available one can be obtained.
- Commercially available curing agents include, for example, phenol novolac resin H-1 (product name, manufactured by Meiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), VR-9300 (product name, manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd.), and phenol-aralkyl resin XL-225.
- each R1 independently represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group, preferably a methyl group or an allyl group, and q represents an integer of 1 to 5.
- R2 represents an alkyl group, preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group
- R3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group
- p represents an integer of 2 to 4.
- the mixing ratio of the curing agent is preferably such that the total amount of reactive groups in the curing agent is 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents with respect to 1.0 equivalent of epoxy groups of the epoxy resin.
- the ratio is more preferably from 1.0 to 1.0 equivalent, and still more preferably from 0.5 to 1.0 equivalent. If the reactive group is less than 0.2 equivalent, the reflow crack resistance of the conductive adhesive tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 1.2 equivalent, the viscosity of the conductive adhesive increases and workability decreases.
- the reactive group is a substituent having a reactive activity with an epoxy resin, and examples thereof include a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the curing accelerator is not particularly limited as long as it is conventionally used as a curing accelerator, such as dicyandiamide, and a commercially available product is available.
- Commercially available products include, for example, ADH, PDH, and SDH (both trade names manufactured by Nippon Hydrazine Kogyo Co., Ltd.), which are dibasic acid dihydrazides represented by the following general formula (IV), and a reaction product of an epoxy resin and an amine compound.
- R4 represents a divalent aromatic group or a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably an m-phenylene group or a p-phenylene group.
- Examples of commercially available curing accelerators include, in addition to those described above, organic boron salt compounds such as EMZ ⁇ K and TPPK (both manufactured by Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd., trade names), tertiary amines or salts thereof such as DBU, U— CAT102, 106, 830, 840, 5002 (all are trade names, manufactured by San Apro Co., Ltd.), Cureazole, which is an imidazole, 2PZ-CN, 2P4MHZ, C17Z, 2PZ-OK, 2PZ-CNS, C11Z-CNS (all Shikoku Chemicals) (Trade name, manufactured by Co., Ltd.) may be used.
- organic boron salt compounds such as EMZ ⁇ K and TPPK (both manufactured by Hokuko Chemical Co., Ltd., trade names)
- tertiary amines or salts thereof such as DBU, U— CAT102, 106, 830, 840, 5002 (all
- the blending ratio of the curing accelerator is preferably 0.01 to 90 parts by mass and more preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin. If the blending ratio of the curing accelerator is less than 0.01 parts by mass, the curability tends to decrease, and if it exceeds 90 parts by mass, the viscosity increases and the workability when handling the conductive adhesive is decreased. Tend.
- the conductive adhesive preferably contains a flux activator.
- the flux activator is a compound having a function of removing an oxide film formed on the surface of conductive particles containing a metal.
- a compound that does not inhibit the curing reaction of the thermosetting resin is used. Examples of such a compound include a rosin resin and a compound containing a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group.
- a compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group is preferable, and aliphatic dihydroxycarboxylic acid is particularly preferable because it exhibits good flux activity and reactivity with an epoxy resin used as a thermosetting resin.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (V) or tartaric acid is preferable.
- R5 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and from the viewpoint of more effectively exerting the above-described effects of the present invention, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group Group, butyl group or pentyl group is preferred.
- n and m each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5, and from the viewpoint of more effectively exhibiting the above-described effects of the present invention, n is 0 and m is 1, or both n and m are 1 It is preferable that both n and m are 1.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (V) include 2,2-bishydroxymethylpropionic acid, 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanoic acid and 2,2-bishydroxymethylpentanoic acid.
- the content of the flux activator is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive particles, from the viewpoint of more effectively exhibiting the above-described effects of the present invention. Further, from the viewpoint of storage stability and conductivity, the content is more preferably 1.0 to 10 parts by mass.
- the content of the flux activator is less than 0.5 parts by mass, the meltability of the metal constituting the conductive particles tends to decrease and the conductivity tends to decrease, and when it exceeds 20 parts by mass, the storage stability, There is a tendency for printability to decrease.
- the conductive adhesive preferably contains a rheology control agent.
- This rheology control agent is a compound that imparts a thixotropic property to a conductive adhesive that exhibits high viscosity when the shearing force is low and exhibits low viscosity when the shearing force is high.
- Examples of the compound used as the rheology control agent include compounds having an ester bond such as hydrogenated castor oil, beeswax and carnauba wax (for example, ITOHWAX CO-FA, DCO-FA, E-210, E-230, E- 250, E-270, E-70G, J-50, J-420, J-500, J-550S, J-530.J-630, J-700), stearamide and hydroxystearic acid ethylenebisamide Containing a single or multiple amide bond (for example, BYK-405, Anti-Terra-205, manufactured by Big Chemie Japan, trade names GP-1, EB-21, manufactured by Ajinomoto Healthy Supply Co., Ltd.) and urea bond Urea compounds and intermediate polar groups or low polar groups at the end Compounds (for example, trade names BYK-410, 411, 420, 425, 428, 430, 431, LPR20320, P104, and P105 manufactured by Big Chemie Japan) are included
- Inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles can be used as a rheology control agent.
- examples of inorganic fine particles include alumina, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, crystalline silica, and amorphous silica.
- Organic fine particles include, for example, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, polystyrene, alkyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, alkyl acrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymer, alkyl methacrylate-silicone copolymer, alkyl acrylate.
- Core-shell type organic fine particles composed of a core layer and a shell layer, each containing these organic materials, can also be used.
- the kind and shape of the inorganic fine particles and organic fine particles are not particularly limited.
- the rheology control agent is added to impart thixotropy to the conductive adhesive.
- thixotropy By imparting thixotropy, settling of conductive particles dispersed in the conductive adhesive is suppressed during freezing or refrigerated storage and use at room temperature, and thus the storage stability of the conductive adhesive is improved. Can be held.
- the rheology control agent can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Rheology control agents include, in particular, silica particles and polystyrene, styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers, alkyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymers, alkyl acrylate-butadiene-styrene copolymers or alkyl methacrylate-silicone copolymers. Since it is excellent in a dispersibility, it is preferable that it is at least 1 sort (s) chosen from the particle
- Silica particles are subjected to a wide variety of surface treatments. Organic fine particles such as polystyrene particles preferably have a narrow particle size distribution.
- the average particle size of the fine particles is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the average particle size of the fine particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more because the viscosity rapidly increases as the surface area of the fine particles increases and the dispersibility also decreases.
- a method of measuring the particle size of about 200 fine particles using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the principle of the laser scattering diffraction method is used. It is measured by a method of measuring using a particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- an adherend is bonded using a conductive adhesive, and then heated and cured (preferably at 150 to 200 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours) to prepare a sample. And a method of observing the cut surface with an SEM.
- the content of the rheology control agent is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermosetting resin, and 0.5 to 30 parts by mass from the viewpoint of storage stability and conductivity. More preferably.
- the content of the rheology control agent is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the viscosity tends to decrease and the effect of suppressing sedimentation of the conductive particles tends to be small.
- the content exceeds 50 parts by mass the printability tends to decrease. There is.
- the conductive adhesive has a measurement temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotation speed of 0.
- the viscosity measured under the condition of 5 rpm is preferably 100 to 500 Pa ⁇ s, and more preferably 150 to 300 Pa ⁇ s.
- the viscosity at 25 ° C. and 0.5 rpm is higher than 500 Pa ⁇ s, the printability is likely to be impaired.
- the viscosity (B) of the conductive adhesive measured at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a rotational speed of 0.5 rpm after being allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 24 hours, and the conductive adhesion measured under the same conditions before being left to stand
- (B) / (A) is preferably 0.7 to 1.5.
- (B) / (A) is less than 0.7, there is a high possibility that the conductive particles have settled and the conductive adhesive has become non-uniform, and electrical properties such as printability and volume resistance may be reduced. There is.
- (B) / (A) is higher than 1.5, the thermosetting resin may be cured, and the printability may be deteriorated.
- the viscosity can be measured using a known rotational viscometer.
- a rotational viscometer using an SPP rotor with a special groove for example, TV manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the viscosity before standing is measured immediately after preparing the conductive adhesive, specifically, within 2 hours after mixing all the components constituting the conductive adhesive.
- the conductive adhesive is selected from the group consisting of a flexible agent for stress relaxation, a diluent for improving workability, an adhesive strength improver, a wettability improver, and an antifoaming agent, if necessary.
- the above additives may be included. In addition to these components, various additives may be contained within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- liquid polybutadiene manufactured by Ube Industries, trade names “CTBN-1300 ⁇ 31”, “CTBN-1300 ⁇ 9”, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., trade name “NISSO-PB-C-2000”)
- the content of the flexible agent is preferably 0 to 500 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermosetting resin.
- the conductive adhesive may contain a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent for the purpose of improving the adhesive strength.
- a coupling agent such as a silane coupling agent or a titanium coupling agent for the purpose of improving the adhesive strength.
- examples of the silane coupling agent include trade name “KBM-573” manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- an anionic surfactant, a fluorine-based surfactant, or the like may be contained in the conductive adhesive.
- the conductive adhesive may contain silicone oil or the like as an antifoaming agent.
- the said adhesive force improver, wettability improver, and antifoamer are used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types, respectively. These are preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total amount of the conductive adhesive.
- the conductive adhesive may contain a diluent as necessary in order to improve the workability during production of the conductive adhesive and the application workability during use.
- a diluent an organic solvent having a relatively high boiling point such as butyl cellosolve, carbitol, butyl cellosolve, carbitol acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, and ⁇ -terpineol is preferable.
- This diluent is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the conductive adhesive.
- the conductive adhesive is a paste in which each component is uniformly dispersed by heating, if necessary, by mixing, dissolving, pulverizing and kneading or dispersing each of the above components at once or in a plurality of times. Obtained as a thing.
- Examples of the apparatus used in this case include a known stirrer, a raker, a three roll, a planetary mixer and the like.
- the conductive adhesive according to this embodiment described above it is possible to achieve both a predetermined adhesive force and conductivity by curing in a short time while having good storage stability.
- the conductive adhesive according to the present embodiment is suitably used for electrically connecting the electrode connected to the solar battery cell and the wiring member.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of one embodiment of a solar cell module, and shows an outline of a structure in which a plurality of solar cells are connected to each other by wiring.
- 1A shows the solar cell module as viewed from the light receiving surface side
- FIG. 1B as viewed from the back surface side
- FIG. 1C as viewed from the side surface side.
- the solar cell module 100 includes a plurality of solar cells 6, a grid electrode 7 and a bus electrode (surface electrode) 3 a provided on the light receiving surface side of each solar cell 6, and a back surface side of the solar cell 6.
- 4b and a conductive adhesive 10 interposed between the surface electrode 3a on the light receiving surface side and the first wiring member 4a and between the surface electrode 3b on the back surface side and the second wiring member 4b.
- the plurality of solar cells 6 are electrically connected in series by connecting the first wiring member 4a and the second wiring member 4b to each other.
- the first wiring member 4a is a temperature at which conductive particles melt the conductive adhesive in a state where the conductive adhesive is interposed between the surface electrode 3a on the light receiving surface side and the first wiring member 4a. It is electrically connected and bonded to the surface electrode 3a on the light receiving surface side by a method including a step of heating to (for example, a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the metal constituting the conductive particles).
- the conductive particles melt the conductive adhesive with the conductive adhesive interposed between the front surface electrode 3b on the back surface side and the second wiring member 4b.
- first and second wiring members 4a and 4b As the first and second wiring members 4a and 4b, a Cu wire and a solder plating wire which are usually used in the technical field can be used. As the first and second wiring members 4a and 4b, a film-like wiring board in which metal wiring is formed on a plastic substrate can also be used.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a method for manufacturing a solar cell.
- the grid electrode 7 and the bus electrode (surface electrode) 3 a connected to the light receiving surface of the solar cell 6, and the back electrode 8 connected to the back surface of the solar cell 6 Is provided (FIG. 2A).
- a liquid conductive adhesive 10 is applied to the surface electrode 3a, and the first wiring member 4a is disposed opposite to the surface electrode 3a with the applied conductive adhesive 10 in between (see FIG. 2).
- the conductive adhesive can be applied by a method such as a dispensing method, a screen printing method, or a stamping method.
- a liquid conductive adhesive 10 is applied to the back electrode 8, and the second wiring member 4b is disposed opposite to the back electrode 8 with the applied conductive adhesive 10 interposed therebetween (FIG. 2). (C)).
- the sealing resin 15a is disposed on the opposite side of the first wiring member 4a from the solar battery cell 6, and the sealing resin 15b is disposed on the opposite side of the second wiring member 4b from the solar battery cell 6. ((D) of FIG. 2).
- the sealing resins 15a and 15b may be EVA or polyvinyl butyral which is a commonly used ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin.
- a glass substrate 16 is disposed on the sealing resin 15a on the light receiving surface side, and a protective film 17 called a back sheet is disposed on the sealing resin 15b on the back surface side.
- the first wiring member 4a is heated to the surface electrode 3a and the second wiring member 4b is moved to the back surface by heating to a temperature at which the conductive particles in the conductive adhesive 10 melt while pressurizing the whole as necessary.
- the solar cells are sealed with the sealing resins 15a and 15b while being electrically connected and bonded to the electrodes 8, respectively.
- the heating conditions at this time are, for example, 150 to 170 ° C. for 1 to 30 minutes.
- the cost can be reduced by significantly shortening the process and improving the productivity as compared with the conventional methods.
- the manufacturing method of the solar cell is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate.
- the wiring members instead of connecting the wiring member and the electrode together with the sealing of the solar battery cells, the wiring members may be connected sequentially or simultaneously, and then the solar battery cells may be sealed. Good.
- liquid conductive adhesive was prepared using the following materials.
- TETRAD-X amine type epoxy resin, trade name (curing accelerator) manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.
- 2PZ-CN (Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name of imidazole compound) (Flux activator)
- BHBA 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanoic acid
- BHVA 2,2-bishydroxymethylpentanoic acid (conductive particles)
- Sn42-Bi58 particles melting point 138 ° C., average particle size 20 ⁇ m Sn42-Bi57-Ag1 (solder) particles: melting point 139 ° C., average particle size 20 ⁇ m Sn96.5-Ag3-Cu0.5 solder: melting point 217 ° C
- TCG-1 Silver powder, trade name manufactured by Tokuru Chemical Laboratory MA05K: Ag plating Cu powder, trade name manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Example 1 YDF-170, 2PZ-CN, and BHPA were mixed, and the mixture was passed through three rolls three times to prepare an adhesive component. Sn42-Bi58 particles were added to and mixed with 30 parts by mass of the adhesive component. Further, the mixture was passed through three rolls three times, and then defoamed at 500 Pa or less for 10 minutes using a vacuum stirrer to obtain a conductive adhesive.
- Examples 2-7, Reference Examples 1-4 The conductive adhesives of Examples 2 to 7 and Reference Examples 1 to 4 were obtained in the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the materials shown in Tables 1 and 2 were used in the blending ratios shown in the table. Details of the materials shown in Tables 1 and 2 are as follows. The unit of the blending ratio of each material in Tables 1 and 2 is part by mass.
- a solar cell (125 mm ⁇ 125 mm, thickness 310 ⁇ m) having surface electrodes (material: silver glass paste, 2 mm ⁇ 125 mm) formed on the light receiving surface and the back surface was prepared.
- a conductive adhesive was printed on the surface electrode on the light receiving surface side using a metal mask (thickness 100 ⁇ m, opening size 1.2 mm ⁇ 125 mm), and the printed shape was observed.
- a tab wire manufactured by Hitachi Cable, trade name: A-TPS
- the tab wire was adhered by heating on a hot plate at 160 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- a tab wire was adhered to the front surface electrode on the back surface side to obtain a solar cell with a tab wire.
- the external appearance of the obtained photovoltaic cell with a tab wire was visually observed.
- the IV curve of the solar cells with tab lines was measured using a solar simulator (trade name: WXS-155S-10, AM: 1.5G, manufactured by Wacom Denso Co., Ltd.). Next, the solar cell was allowed to stand for 240 hours in a high-temperature and high-humidity atmosphere at 85 ° C. and 85% RH, and then the IV curve was measured in the same manner.
- a curve factor (fill factor, hereinafter abbreviated as “FF”) indicating the solar cell characteristics is derived from each IV curve, and F. before leaving in a high-temperature, high-humidity atmosphere. F (0 h) and F. after standing under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
- F (240h) change rate [ (F.F (240h) /F.F (0h)) ⁇ 100] is expressed as ⁇ F.
- F was used as an evaluation index. In general, ⁇ F. If the value of F is 95% or more, it is determined that the connection reliability is good. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- liquid conductive adhesive and evaluation example 8 11.0 parts by mass of a bisphenol F type epoxy resin (YDF-170, manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd., epoxy equivalent 170) and 0.5 parts by mass of an imidazole compound (2PZ-CN, manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd.) as a curing accelerator; 1.5 parts by mass of 2,2-bishydroxymethylpropionic acid (BHPA) as a flux activator and silica particles (R972, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average particle diameter of 16 nm) subjected to a hydrophobic surface treatment as a rheology control agent ) 0.4 parts by mass were mixed and passed through 3 rolls 3 times to prepare an adhesive component.
- BHPA 2,2-bishydroxymethylpropionic acid
- YH-434L tetrafunctional polyglycidylamine type epoxy resin, ED-509S manufactured by Toto Kasei Co.,
- t-butylphenylglycidyl ether manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. (curing accelerator) 2PZ-CN (Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd., trade name of imidazole compound) (Flux activator)
- BHBA 2,2-bishydroxymethylbutanoic acid
- BHVA 2,2-bishydroxymethylpentanoic acid (conductive particles)
- Sn42-Bi58 particles melting point 138 ° C., average particle size 20 ⁇ m
- R805 Silica particles hydrophobized with octylsilane (Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., average particle size 12 nm)
- CS1 Core-shell type organic fine particles having a butadiene rubber core layer and a polymethyl methacrylate shell layer (Rohm and Haas Japan,
- a flux agent manufactured by Senju Metal Co., Ltd., trade name: Deltalux 533 was applied on the light-receiving surface and the back surface electrode of the solar cell.
- a tab wire (trade name: A-TPS, manufactured by Hitachi Cable, Ltd.) coated with solder of Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 is placed on the surface electrode to which the fluxing agent has been applied. It heated to 260 degreeC, the solder which coat
- Example 19 A solar battery cell (125 mm ⁇ 125 mm, thickness 310 ⁇ m) having surface electrodes (material: silver glass paste, 2 mm ⁇ 125 mm) formed on the light receiving surface and the back surface was prepared.
- the conductive adhesive of Example 9 was printed using a metal mask (thickness 100 ⁇ m, opening size 1.2 mm ⁇ 125 mm).
- a tab wire (trade name: A-TPS, manufactured by Hitachi Cable Ltd.) as a wiring member coated with solder was placed on the printed conductive adhesive. Then, the tab wire was arrange
- a sealing resin manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Fabro, trade name: Solar EVA SC50B
- a protective film manufactured by Kobayashi Co., Ltd., trade name: Kobatec PV
- a sealing resin manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals Fabro, Solar EVA SC50B
- a glass substrate 200 ⁇ 200 ⁇ 3 mm
- the obtained laminate is mounted so that the glass substrate is in contact with the hot plate side of a vacuum laminator (trade name: LM-50 ⁇ 50-S, manufactured by NPC Corporation), and evacuated for 5 minutes. went.
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Abstract
Description
1-1.液状導電性接着剤の作製及びその評価
下記の材料を用いて、液状導電性接着剤を調整した。
(熱硬化性樹脂)
YDF-170(東都化成社製、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂の商品名、エポキシ当量=170)
TETRAD-X:アミン型エポキシ樹脂、三菱瓦斯化学社製商品名
(硬化促進剤)
2PZ-CN(四国化成社製、イミダゾール化合物の商品名)
(フラックス活性剤)
BHBA:2,2-ビスヒドロキシメチルブタン酸
BHVA:2,2-ビスヒドロキシメチルペンタン酸
(導電性粒子)
Sn42-Bi58粒子:融点138℃、平均粒子径20μm
Sn42-Bi57-Ag1(はんだ)粒子:融点139℃、平均粒径20μm
Sn96.5-Ag3-Cu0.5はんだ:融点217℃
TCG-1:銀粉、徳力化学研究所製商品名
MA05K:AgめっきCu粉、日立化成工業株式会社製商品名
YDF-170と、2PZ-CNと、BHPAとを混合し、混合物を3本ロールに3回通して、接着剤成分を調製した。この接着剤成分30質量部に対して、Sn42-Bi58粒子を加えて混合した。さらにそれらの混合物を3本ロールに3回通した後、真空撹拌らいかい器を用いて500Pa以下で10分間脱泡処理を行って、導電性接着剤を得た。
表1及び表2に示す各材料を表に示す配合割合で用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様の手順で、実施例2~7、参考例1~4の導電性接着剤を得た。表1、2に示した材料の詳細は以下の通りである。表1、2中の各材料の配合割合の単位は質量部である。
受光面及び裏面上に表面電極(材質:銀ガラスペースト、2mm×125mm)が形成された太陽電池セル(125mm×125mm、厚さ310μm)を準備した。受光面側の表面電極上に、導電性接着剤をメタルマスク(厚み100μm、開口寸法1.2mm×125mm)を用いて印刷し、印刷形状を観察した。次に、太陽電池セルの表面電極上に、はんだで被覆された配線部材としてのタブ線(日立電線社製、商品名:A-TPS)を、印刷された導電性接着剤を介して配置し、ホットプレート上で160℃で10分間加熱して、タブ線を接着した。同様の処理により、裏面側の表面電極にもタブ線を接着して、タブ線付き太陽電池セルを得た。得られたタブ線付き太陽電池セルの外観を目視で観察した。
1.液状導電性接着剤の作製及びその評価
実施例8
ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂(YDF-170、東都化成社製、エポキシ当量170)11.0質量部と、硬化促進剤としてのイミダゾール化合物(2PZ-CN、四国化成社製)0.5質量部と、フラックス活性剤としての2,2-ビスヒドロキシメチルプロピオン酸(BHPA)1.5質量部と、レオロジーコントロール剤としての疎水性表面処理を施したシリカ粒子(R972、日本アエロジル社製、平均粒径16nm)0.4質量部とを混合し、3本ロールに3回通して接着剤成分を調製した。
表3、表4に示す各材料を表に示す配合割合で用いたこと以外は実施例8と同様の手順で、実施例9~18、参考例5~7の導電性接着剤を得た。表3、4に示した材料の詳細は以下の通りである。表3、4中の各材料の配合割合の単位は質量部である。
(熱硬化性樹脂)
YDF-170(東都化成社製、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂の商品名、エポキシ当量=170)
YH-434L:4官能ポリグリシジルアミン型エポキシ樹脂、東都化成社製
ED-509S:t-ブチルフェニルグリシジルエーテル、旭電化工業社製
(硬化促進剤)
2PZ-CN(四国化成社製、イミダゾール化合物の商品名)
(フラックス活性剤)
BHBA:2,2-ビスヒドロキシメチルブタン酸
BHVA:2,2-ビスヒドロキシメチルペンタン酸
(導電性粒子)
Sn42-Bi58粒子:融点138℃、平均粒子径20μm
Sn42-Bi57-Ag1(はんだ)粒子:融点139℃、平均粒径20μm
(レオロジーコントロール剤)
R805:オクチルシランによる疎水化処理されたシリカ粒子(日本アエロジル社製、平均粒径12nm)
CS1:ブタジエン系ゴムのコア層と、ポリメタクリル酸メチルのシェル層とを有するコアシェル型有機微粒子(ロームアンドハースジャパン社製、EXL2655、平均粒径600nm以下)
CS2:ポリアクリル酸エステル系ゴムのコア層と、ポリメタクリル酸メチルのシェル層とを有するコアシェル型有機微粒子(三菱レイヨン社製、W-450A、平均粒径600nm以下)
RC1:変性ウレア化合物(ビックケミー・ジャパン社製、BYK410(不揮発分52%))
RC2:ポリアミドアマイド化合物(ビックケミー・ジャパン社製、Anti-Terra-205(不揮発分52%))
RC3:ヒドロキシ脂肪酸アミド化合物(伊藤製油社製、ITOHWAX J-630)
RC4:変性アミド化合物(味の素ヘルシーサプライ社製、GP-1)
各実施例、参考例で得られた液状の導電性接着剤を容量300ccのガラス容器内に保管し、作製直後及び室温(23~28℃)で24時間放置後の導電性接着剤の粘度を、平行平板を装着した回転粘度計(SPPローター使用、東機産業社製TV-33型粘度計)を用いて測定した。同時に、導電性接着剤の外観を観察し、分離及び導電性粒子の沈降の有無を確認した。評価結果を表5、表6に示した。
良好な安定性を示した実施例8、9、12、13、14、15の導電性接着剤を用い、実施例1~7と同様に太陽電池の作製及びその評価を行った。評価結果を表7に示す。
太陽電池セルの受光面及び裏面の表面電極上にフラックス剤(千住金属製、商品名:デルタラックス533)を塗布した。フラックス剤が塗布された表面電極上にSn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5のはんだで被覆されたタブ線(日立電線社製、商品名:A-TPS)を配置し、ホットプレート上で260℃に加熱して、タブ線を被覆するはんだを溶融させてタブ線と表面電極との接続を試みた。しかし、加熱後の急速冷却時に太陽電池セルが割れたため、太陽電池特性を測定することができなかった。
受光面及び裏面上に表面電極(材質:銀ガラスペースト、2mm×125mm)が形成された太陽電池セル(125mm×125mm、厚さ310μm)を準備した。その表面電極上に、メタルマスク(厚み100μm、開口寸法1.2mm×125mm)を用いて実施例9の導電性接着剤を印刷した。印刷された導電性接着剤上に、はんだで被覆された配線部材としてのタブ線(日立電線社製、商品名:A-TPS)を配置させた。その後、同様の手順により、太陽電池セル裏面側の表面電極上にも、導電性接着剤を介してタブ線を配置した。続いて、太陽電池セルの裏面側に封止樹脂(三井化学ファブロ社製、商品名:ソーラーエバSC50B)及び保護フィルム((株)コバヤシ製、商品名:コバテックPV)を、太陽電池セルの受光面側に封止樹脂(三井化学ファブロ社製、ソーラーエバSC50B)及びガラス基板(200×200×3mm)をそれぞれ積層した。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネータ((株)エヌ・ピー・シー製、商品名:LM-50×50-S)の熱板側にガラス基板が接するように搭載し、5分間真空引きを行った。その後、真空ラミネータの真空を解放した状態で165℃で10分間加熱して、太陽電池を作製した。得られた太陽電池の特性を、実施例8と同様の方法で測定した。その結果、表面電極及びタブ線からの接着剤のはみ出しは微小で良好な外観を示し、かつ85℃、85%RH、240時間静置後のΔF.Fも96.8%と良好な特性が示されることが分かった。
Claims (17)
- 金属を含む導電性粒子と、
熱硬化性樹脂と、
フラックス活性剤と、を含有する導電性接着剤であって、
前記導電性粒子の融点が220℃以下であり、
太陽電池セルに接続された電極と配線部材を前記電極に電気的に接続するとともに接着するために用いられる、導電性接着剤。 - 前記導電性粒子が、ビスマス、インジウム、スズ及び亜鉛からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含む、請求項1に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂及び(メタ)アクリル樹脂のうち少なくとも一方を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 前記フラックス活性剤が、水酸基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 太陽電池セルと、
前記太陽電池セルの受光面及び裏面にそれぞれ接続された電極と、
受光面側の前記電極と対向配置された第一の配線部材及び裏面側の前記電極と対向配置された第二の配線部材と、
受光面側の前記電極と前記第一の配線部材との間及び裏面側の前記電極と前記第二の配線部材との間に介在する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤と、を備え、
前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材がそれぞれ前記電極に電気的に接続されるとともに接着されている、
太陽電池。 - 太陽電池セルの受光面及び裏面それぞれに接続された電極に請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤を塗布する工程と、
塗布された前記導電性接着剤を間に挟んで、第一の配線部材を受光面側の前記電極と対向配置し、第二の配線部材を裏面側の前記電極と対向配置する工程と、
前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材それぞれの前記太陽電池セルとは反対側に封止樹脂を配置し、受光面側の前記封止樹脂上にガラス基板を配置し、裏面側の前記封止樹脂上に保護フィルムを配置し、その状態で全体を加熱することにより、前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材をそれぞれ前記電極に電気的に接続するとともに接着しながら前記太陽電池セルを封止する工程と、
を備える太陽電池の製造方法。 - 複数の太陽電池セルと、
前記複数の太陽電池セルの受光面及び裏面にそれぞれ接続された電極と、
受光面側の前記電極と対向配置された第一の配線部材及び裏面側の前記電極と対向配置された第二の配線部材と、
受光面側の前記電極と前記第一の配線部材との間及び裏面側の前記電極と前記第二の配線部材との間に介在する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤と、を備え、
前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材がそれぞれ前記電極に電気的に接続されるとともに接着されており、
前記配線部材同士の接続によって複数の前記太陽電池セルが電気的に接続されている、太陽電池モジュール。 - 金属を含む導電性粒子と、
熱硬化性樹脂と、
フラックス活性剤と、
レオロジーコントロール剤と、を含有する導電性接着剤であって、
回転粘度計により測定温度25℃、回転速度0.5rpmの条件で測定される粘度が100~500Pa・sであり、
太陽電池セルに接続された電極に配線部材を電気的に接続するとともに接着するために用いられる、導電性接着剤。 - 金属を含む導電性粒子と、
熱硬化性樹脂と、
フラックス活性剤と、
無機微粒子又は有機微粒子と、を含有する導電性接着剤であって、
回転粘度計により測定温度25℃、回転速度0.5rpmの条件で測定される粘度が100~500Pa・sであり、
太陽電池セルに接続された電極に配線部材を電気的に接続するとともに接着するために用いられる、導電性接着剤。 - 25℃で24時間放置された後に回転粘度計により測定温度25℃、回転速度0.5rpmの条件で測定される粘度の、放置される前に回転粘度計により測定温度25℃、回転速度0.5rpmの条件で測定される粘度に対する比が0.7~1.5である、請求項8又は9に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 前記導電性粒子の融点が220℃以下である、請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 前記導電性粒子が、ビスマス、インジウム、スズ及び亜鉛からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属を含む、請求項8~11のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂が、エポキシ樹脂及び(メタ)アクリル樹脂のうち少なくとも一方を含む、請求項8~12のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 前記フラックス活性剤が、水酸基及びカルボキシル基を有する化合物である、請求項8~13のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤。
- 太陽電池セルと、
前記太陽電池セルの受光面及び裏面にそれぞれ接続された電極と、
受光面側の前記電極と対向配置された第一の配線部材及び裏面側の前記電極と対向配置された第二の配線部材と、
受光面側の前記電極と前記第一の配線部材との間及び裏面側の前記電極と前記第二の配線部材との間に介在する請求項8~14のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤と、を備え、
前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材がそれぞれ前記電極に電気的に接続されるとともに接着されている、太陽電池。 - 太陽電池セルの受光面及び裏面それぞれに接続された電極に請求項8~14のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤を塗布する工程と、
塗布された前記導電性接着剤を間に挟んで、第一の配線部材を受光面側の前記電極と対向配置し、第二の配線部材を裏面側の前記電極と対向配置する工程と、
前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材それぞれの前記太陽電池セルとは反対側に封止樹脂を配置し、受光面側の前記封止樹脂上にガラス基板を配置し、裏面側の前記封止樹脂上に保護フィルムを配置し、その状態で全体を加熱することにより、前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材をそれぞれ前記電極に電気的に接続するとともに接着しながら前記太陽電池セルを封止する工程と、を備える太陽電池の製造方法。 - 複数の太陽電池セルと、
前記複数の太陽電池セルの受光面及び裏面にそれぞれ接続された電極と、
受光面側の前記電極と対向配置された第一の配線部材及び裏面側の前記電極と対向配置された第二の配線部材と、
受光面側の前記電極と前記第一の配線部材との間及び裏面側の前記電極と前記第二の配線部材との間に介在する請求項8~14のいずれか一項に記載の導電性接着剤と、を備え、
前記第一の配線部材及び前記第二の配線部材がそれぞれ前記電極に電気的に接続されるとともに接着されており、
前記配線部材同士の接続によって複数の前記太陽電池セルが電気的に接続されている、太陽電池モジュール。
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JP2016035076A (ja) | 2016-03-17 |
EP2490265A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
US20120227786A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
TWI418605B (zh) | 2013-12-11 |
KR20120065446A (ko) | 2012-06-20 |
JPWO2011046176A1 (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
JP6112187B2 (ja) | 2017-04-12 |
US8962986B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 |
TW201125951A (en) | 2011-08-01 |
KR101420547B1 (ko) | 2014-07-17 |
JP5875867B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
CN102576766A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
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