WO2006057183A1 - グラファイトフィルムの製造方法 - Google Patents
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- WO2006057183A1 WO2006057183A1 PCT/JP2005/020969 JP2005020969W WO2006057183A1 WO 2006057183 A1 WO2006057183 A1 WO 2006057183A1 JP 2005020969 W JP2005020969 W JP 2005020969W WO 2006057183 A1 WO2006057183 A1 WO 2006057183A1
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- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a graphite film used as a heat dissipation film.
- At least one of polybenzzothiazole, polybenzobisthiazole, polybenzoxazole, and polybenzozoxazonole was selected as a method for obtaining a graphite film having excellent thermal conductivity.
- a method for producing graphite is known (patent document 1), characterized in that various polymer films are heated to 1800 ° C or higher and converted to graphite.
- Graphite obtained by the method of Patent Document 1 has very high thermal conductivity, and is therefore used as a heat radiating member for electronic devices.
- Specific examples of usage include 1) a heat dissipation spacer sandwiched between the CPU and the cooling fan or heatsink, and 2) a heat dissipation spreader that spreads heat on the DVD optical pickup or housing.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A 61-275115.
- a method for producing a graphite film which comprises heat-treating a polymer film at a temperature of 2000 ° C. or more, the method comprising a step of bringing the polymer film into contact with a substance containing a metal during the heat treatment.
- a container that can be sealed is surrounded by four or six sides so that the polymer film and Z or carbonized polymer film can be sufficiently brought into contact with a metal-containing substance during the experiment. Is enough. Although the atmosphere gas around the polymer film and Z or carbonized polymer film may expand as the temperature rises, it is preferable that an escape space for the atmosphere gas is secured. Therefore, the container that can be sealed of the present invention does not mean a container that realizes a completely sealed state in which the container is destroyed by the pressure of the expanded atmospheric gas.
- the metal is based on the IUPAC (International Pure and Applied Chemistry Union) inorganic chemical nomenclature revised edition (1989), group number 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 11.
- One or more selected from the group consisting of Group 12, Group 13, Lithium, Beryllium, Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, Calcium, Norium, Aluminum, Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Selenium, Tin, Lead, and Bismuth The method for producing a graphite film according to any one of (1) to (4).
- the metal is titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium,
- the polymer film may be polyimide, polyamide, polyoxadiazole, polybenzoxazole, polybenzobisoxazole, polythiazole, polybenzothiazole, polybenzobisthiazole, polyparaphenylene-lenylene, polybenzo.
- the eighth aspect of the present invention is The method for producing a dalafite film according to (7), wherein the polymer film is a polyimide film having a birefringence of 0.08 or more.
- the polyimide film is a polyimide film that can be prepared by imidizing a polyamic acid as a precursor with a dehydrating agent and an imidization accelerator, (7) to (9) This is a method for producing a graphite film.
- the polyimide film force is a polyimide film that can be produced by imidizing polyamic acid containing pyromellitic dianhydride and p-phenylenediamine using a dehydrating agent and an imidizing accelerator. 7. The method for producing a graphite film according to any one of 7) to (9).
- the polyimide film strength diamine and acid dianhydride are used to synthesize a prepolymer having the acid dianhydride at both ends, and the prepolymer is reacted with a diamine different from the above to synthesize polyamic acid, and the polyamic acid
- thermal diffusivity 7 X 10- 4 m 2 ZS above a pencil hardness of not less than 2B, a graphite film.
- the sixteenth aspect of the present invention is The graphite film according to any one of (14) to (15), wherein the thickness of the graphite film is 90 ⁇ m or more.
- a method for producing a graphite film in which a polymer film is heat-treated at a temperature of 2000 ° C or higher, wherein the polymer film is brought into contact with a substance containing a metal during the graphitization process.
- thermal conductivity thermal diffusivity 7 X 10- 4 m 2 Zs or more, preferably 8 X 10 "4 mVs, more preferably 8. 5 X 10- 4 m 2 it is Zs or more. If the thermal diffusivity is at 7 X 10- 4 m 2 Zs above, the heat from the heat generating component can be sufficiently diffused.
- the specific level of surface hardness of the graphite film is such that the pencil hardness value measured according to JIS K 5400 is 2B or more, preferably B or more, more preferably HB or more. When the pencil hardness is 2B or higher, the surface hardness is sufficient to prevent scratches when attaching or handling graphite.
- Adhesive strength measured based on the adhesive tape 'adhesive sheet test method is 3NZcm or more, preferably Preferably it is 4NZcm or more, more preferably 5NZcm or more.
- the pencil hardness is 3NZcm or more, when the Graphite and heat-generating parts are attached using an adhesive or adhesive, the heat dissipation characteristics inherent to the Graphite that does not peel off can be exhibited.
- the surface appearance of the graphite film has an evaluation of 6 or more, preferably 8 or more, measured based on the X-force tape method measured based on JIS K 5400. If the appearance is 6 or more, the graphite and heat-generating parts will not be peeled off when attached using adhesive or adhesive. The force will not peel off the graphite and will not contaminate the electronic equipment.
- the thickness of the graphite film is 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 90 m or more.
- the thickness of the raw material polymer film used is 70 m or more, preferably 120 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more. If the thickness of the graphite film is 50 ⁇ m or more and the thickness of the raw material film is 70 ⁇ m or more, the amount of heat transport can be improved, and heat dissipation superior to that of the prior art can be exhibited.
- FIG. 1 Polyimide film and wedge-shaped sheet.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a wedge-shaped sheet.
- FIG. 3 Cross-sectional SEM photograph of graphite film after 225 ⁇ m thick polyimide film.
- FIG. 4 Cross-sectional SEM photograph after contact with a metal-containing substance in a 225 ⁇ m-thick polyimide film and after graphite.
- the method for producing a graphite film of the present invention is a method for producing a graphite film in which a polymer film is heat-treated at a temperature of 2000 ° C or higher, and is brought into contact with a substance containing a metal during the graphitization process. It is a manufacturing method of a graphite film including a process.
- the graphite film produced by the production method of the present invention has high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, for example, electronic devices such as servers, server personal computers, desktop personal computers, notebook personal computers, electronic dictionaries, PDAs, and mobile phones.
- Portable electronic devices such as telephones and portable music players, liquid crystal displays, plasma displays, LEDs, organic EL, inorganic EL, liquid crystal projectors, display devices such as watches, ink jet printers (ink heads), electronic photo devices (developing devices, Image forming devices such as fixing devices, heat rollers, and heat belts), semiconductor elements, semiconductor packages, semiconductor encapsulating cases, semiconductor die bonding, CPU, memory, power transistors, power transistor cases, and other semiconductor-related parts, rigid Wiring boards, flexible wiring boards, ceramic wiring boards, builders Wiring boards, wiring boards such as multilayer boards (the above-mentioned wiring boards include printed wiring boards, etc.), vacuum processing equipment, semiconductor manufacturing equipment, manufacturing equipment such as display equipment manufacturing equipment, and heat insulating materials Insulation equipment such as vacuum insulation materials and radiation insulation materials
- the polymer film that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but polyimide (PI), polyamide (PA), polyoxadiazole (POD), polybenzoxazole (PBO) ), Polybenzobisoxazar (PBBO), polythiazole (PT), polybenzothiazol ( ⁇ ), polybenzobisthiazole ( ⁇ ), polypara-lenbi-lene (PPV), polyben Zoimidazole (PBI) and polybenzobisimidazole (PBBI) are included, and the graphite finally obtained is a heat-resistant aromatic polymer film containing at least one selected from these. It is preferable because the thermal conductivity of is increased. These films may be produced by a known production method.
- polyimide is preferable because it can obtain various structures and properties by selecting various raw material monomers.
- the polyimide film is more likely to be a graphite having excellent crystallinity and thermal conductivity because the film is more easily carbonized and graphitic than the polymer film made of other organic materials.
- the birefringence ⁇ related to the in-plane orientation of molecules in the polymer film of the present invention is 0.08 or more, preferably 0.10 or more, and more preferably 0 in any direction in the film plane. .12 or more, most preferably 0.14.
- a graphite film having high thermal conductivity is obtained.
- heat-treated in contact with metal surface hardness, density, and surface adhesion, which had room for improvement in the prior art, are improved.
- the graphite having excellent thermal conductivity can be obtained because the graphite cake proceeds uniformly on the surface and inside.
- birefringence means the difference between the refractive index in an arbitrary direction in the film plane and the refractive index in the thickness direction.
- Birefringence in an arbitrary direction X in the film plane ⁇ nx is given by the following formula (Formula 1): Given in
- FIGS. 1 and 2 a specific method for measuring birefringence is illustrated.
- a thin wedge-shaped sheet 2 is cut out from the film 1 as a measurement sample.
- This wedge-shaped sheet 2 has an elongated trapezoidal shape with one hypotenuse, and its base angle is a right angle. At this time, the base of the trapezoid is cut out in a direction parallel to the X direction.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the measurement sample 2 cut out in this way.
- ⁇ is the wavelength of the sodium D line 589 nm
- d corresponds to the height of the trapezoid of sample 2.
- the sample width is 3. Details are described in “New Experimental Chemistry Course” No. 19 (Maruzen Co., Ltd.).
- arbitrary direction X in the film plane refers to, for example, the direction of the material flow during film formation, and the X direction is the 0 ° direction, 45 ° direction, 90 ° direction in the plane. , Meaning in any direction of 135 °.
- Sample measurement location ⁇ The number of measurements is preferably as follows. For example, when cutting a sample from a roll-shaped raw film (width: 514 mm), sample six locations at 10 cm intervals in the width direction and measure the birefringence at each location. The average is defined as birefringence.
- a polyimide film as a raw material for graphite used in the present invention may 2. have an average linear expansion coefficient less than 5 X 10- 5 / ° C in the range of 100 to 200 ° C. If linear expansion coefficient 2. 5 X 10- 5 Z ° is less than C, can be stretched during the heat treatment is graphitization proceeds to small tool smoothly get brittle Nag graph excellent properties Ait .
- the transition to graphite begins at a force of 2400 ° C, and at 2700 ° C, the transition can occur in a graphite with sufficiently high crystallinity.
- the coefficient of linear expansion is more preferably 2. or less 0 X 10- 5 Z ° C.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the polymer film was determined by first heating the sample to 350 ° C at a temperature increase rate of 10 ° CZ using a TMA (thermomechanical analyzer) and at room temperature. It is obtained by measuring the average coefficient of linear expansion from 100 ° C to 200 ° C during the second temperature increase. Specifically, using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA: Seiko Electronics SSCZ5200H; TMA120C), set a 3 mm wide x 20 mm long film sample in a specified jig and apply a load of 3 g in tension mode. Therefore, the measurement is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- TMA thermomechanical analyzer
- the polyimide film used in the present invention has a modulus of elasticity of 3.4 GPa or more because graph eye toy can be more easily performed. That is, if the elastic modulus is 3.4 GPa or more, film breakage due to shrinkage of the film during heat treatment can be prevented, and graphite excellent in various characteristics can be obtained.
- the elastic modulus of the film can be measured according to ASTM-D-882.
- a more preferable elastic modulus of the polyimide film is 3.9 GPa or more, and more preferably 4.9 GPa or more. If the elastic modulus of the film is smaller than 3.4 GPa, the film is easily damaged and deformed by the shrinkage of the film during the heat treatment, and the resulting graphite tends to have poor crystallinity and poor thermal conductivity.
- the water absorption of the film was measured as follows. In order to dry the film completely, it was dried at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a sample of 25 m thickness and 10 cm square. Measure this weight and call it A1. A 25 m thick 10 cm square sample was immersed in distilled water at 23 ° C for 24 hours, and the surface water was wiped away and weighed immediately. This weight is A2. The water absorption was calculated from the following formula.
- the polyimide film used in the present invention is prepared by mixing an organic solution of polyamic acid, which is a polyimide precursor, with an imido accelerator and then casting it on a support such as an endless belt or a stainless drum, followed by drying and firing. And imidized.
- a known method can be used as a method for producing the polyamic acid used in the present invention.
- at least one aromatic dianhydride and at least one diamine are substantially equimolar amounts.
- To be dissolved in an organic solvent The obtained organic solution is stirred under controlled temperature conditions until the polymerization of acid dianhydride and diamine is completed, whereby polyamic acid can be produced.
- Such a polyamic acid solution is usually obtained at a concentration of 5 to 35 wt%, preferably 10 to 30 wt%. When the concentration is within this range, an appropriate molecular weight and solution viscosity can be obtained.
- any known method can be used.
- the following polymerization methods (1) to (5) are preferable.
- the method of polymerization by performing sequential control (sequence control) (combination of block polymers' control of connection between block polymer molecules) via the prepolymers shown in (2) and (3) is preferable.
- sequential control sequence control
- a polyimide film having a large birefringence and a low coefficient of linear expansion can be obtained, and by immediately heat-treating this polyimide film, the crystallinity is high and the thermal conductivity is excellent. This is because it becomes easier to obtain the Dara Fight.
- increasing the imide group content to increase birefringence decreases the carbon ratio in the resin and decreases the carbonization yield after the black lead treatment, but the polyimide film synthesized with sequential control. Is preferred because it can increase the birefringence without lowering the carbon ratio in the resin. Since the carbon ratio is increased, generation of cracked gas can be suppressed, and a graphite film excellent in appearance can be easily obtained. Further, rearrangement of the aromatic ring can be suppressed, and a graphite film excellent in thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- the acid dianhydride that can be used in the synthesis of the polyimide in the present invention is pyromellitic acid bismuth.
- R is selected from the group of divalent organic groups included in the following formulas (2) to (14)
- each of R 1, R 2, R, and R is 1 CH, 1 Cl, 1 Br, 1 F, or 1 OCH.
- the molecular orientation of the resulting polyimide film will be high, the coefficient of linear expansion will be small, the modulus of elasticity will be large, the birefringence will be high, and the water absorption will be low. From the viewpoint of
- the acid dianhydride represented by the following formula (15) is synthesized in the synthesis of the polyimide in the present invention. Can be used as a raw material.
- a polyimide film obtained by using an acid dianhydride having a structure in which a benzene ring is linearly bonded with two or more ester bonds as a raw material contains a bent chain, but is very linear as a whole. It has a relatively rigid property as soon as it takes a typical conformation.
- the raw material can be reduced to Rukoto linear expansion coefficient of the polyimide film by using, for example: 1. it can be below 5 X 10- 5 Z ° C.
- the elastic modulus can be increased to 500 kg f / mm 2 (4.9 GPa) or more, and the water absorption rate can be decreased to 1.5% or less.
- the polyimide in the present invention is synthesized using P-phenylenediamine as a raw material.
- the most suitable diamine used in the synthesis of the polyimide in the present invention is 4,4'-oxydialin and p-phenylenediamine, and the total mole of these alone or the two is based on the total diamine. It is preferably 40 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, further 70 mol% or more, and even more preferably 80 mol% or more. Furthermore, it is preferable that p-phenol-diamine amine S contains 10 mol% or more, further 20 mol% or more, further 30 mol% or more, or even 40 mol% or more.
- the resulting polyimide film tends to have a large linear expansion coefficient, a small elastic modulus, and a small birefringence.
- the total amount of diamine is p Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a thick polyimide film with less foaming, so it is better to use 4, 4 'oxydiline.
- the carbon ratio is reduced, the amount of cracked gas generated can be reduced, the need for rearrangement of aromatic rings is reduced, and dullite with excellent appearance and thermal conductivity can be obtained.
- the most suitable acid dianhydride used for the synthesis of the polyimide film is pyromellitic dianhydride and Z or p-phenylenebis (trimellitic acid monoester represented by the formula (15).
- Ester acid dianhydride) and the total mole of these alone or in combination of the two is 40 mol% or more, further 50 mol% or more, further 70 mol% or more, or more It is preferable that it is 80 mol% or more. If the amount of these acid dianhydrides used is less than 40 mol%, the resulting polyimide film has a large linear expansion coefficient, a small elastic modulus, and a tendency to decrease the birefringence.
- Additives such as carbon black and graphite may be added to the polyimide film, polyamic acid, and polyimide resin.
- the additive the above can be used alone or in a mixture of any ratio.
- Preferable solvents for synthesizing polyamic acid are amide solvents such as N, N dimethylformamide, N, N dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N dimethylformamide, N, N dimethylacetamide can be used particularly preferably.
- amide solvents such as N, N dimethylformamide, N, N dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N dimethylformamide, N, N dimethylacetamide can be used particularly preferably.
- the above can be used alone or in a mixture of any ratio.
- a polyimide production method includes a heat curing method in which a polyamic acid as a precursor is converted to an imide by heating, or a polyhydric acid such as acetic anhydride and other dehydrating agents such as acetic anhydride, picoline, Any of the chemical curing methods in which imide conversion is performed using tertiary amines such as quinoline, isoquinoline, pyridine and the like as imido accelerators may be used. Among them, a higher boiling point such as isoquinoline is preferable. This is preferable because it does not evaporate in the initial stage of film production and the catalytic effect is easily exhibited until the last step of drying.
- the resulting film has a small coefficient of linear expansion, a high modulus of elasticity, and a large birefringence.
- Chemical power is also preferred for viewpoint power.
- the resulting film has a small linear expansion coefficient, a large elastic modulus, and a large birefringence. This is preferable because it can be.
- the chemical curing method is an industrially advantageous method that is excellent in productivity because the imidization reaction proceeds more quickly, so that the imidization reaction can be completed in a short time in the heat treatment.
- an imidization accelerator comprising a dehydrating agent and a catalyst of a stoichiometric amount or more is added to a polyamic acid solution, a support plate, an organic film such as PET, a drum, Alternatively, a film having a self-supporting property is obtained by casting or coating on a support such as an endless belt to form a film and evaporating the organic solvent. Next, this self-supporting film is further heated and dried to be imidized to obtain a polyimide film. The temperature during this heating is preferably in the range of 150 ° C to 550 ° C.
- the rate of temperature increase during heating is not particular limitation on the rate of temperature increase during heating, but it is preferable to gradually heat it continuously or stepwise so that the maximum temperature is within the predetermined temperature range.
- the heating time varies depending on the film thickness and the maximum temperature, but generally it is preferably in the range of 10 seconds to 10 minutes after reaching the maximum temperature.
- the process of making the polyimide film includes a step of contacting the film with a container, fixing it, holding it, or stretching it to prevent shrinkage, the resulting film has a low modulus of linear expansion. This is preferable because the birefringence tends to increase.
- the polymer film of the present invention is heat-treated at a temperature of 2000 ° C. or higher and brought into contact with a metal-containing substance during the heat treatment.
- the heat treatment also has two process forces, a process of carbonizing the polymer film and a process of graphitizing. Carbonization and graphite may be performed separately or continuously.
- Carbonization is carried out by preheating a polymer film as a starting material under reduced pressure or in nitrogen gas. This preheating is usually performed at a temperature of 800-1500 ° C. Also, when the maximum temperature for carbonization is reached, the temperature can be maintained at the maximum temperature for 30 minutes to 1 hour. For example, when the temperature is raised at a rate of 10 ° CZ, the temperature may be maintained for about 30 minutes in the 1000 ° C temperature range. In the temperature rising stage, the pressure may be increased in the direction perpendicular to the film surface so that the film is not damaged so that the molecular orientation of the starting polymer film is not lost.
- the graphite cake may be transferred to the graphite tube furnace or continuously from the carbonization. You can do it.
- Graphite is a force generated under reduced pressure or in an inert gas.
- the inert gas argon and helium are suitable.
- the heat treatment temperature needs to be at least 2000 ° C, and finally heat treatment at 2400 ° C or higher, more preferably 2600 ° C or higher, and more preferably 2800 ° C or higher. Good for obtaining graphite with excellent hardness, density, surface adhesion and appearance.
- a current is usually passed directly through the graph eye heater, and heating is performed using the jewel heat.
- the consumption of the graph eye heater proceeds at 2700 ° C or higher, and the consumption rate is about 10 times higher at 2800 ° C and about 10 times higher at 2900 ° C.
- the temperature at which conversion to a high-quality graphite can be performed for example, from 2800 ° C to 2700 ° C by improving the polymer film of the raw material, a great economic effect is produced.
- the maximum temperature that can be heat-treated is 3000 ° C.
- the heat treatment of the present invention may be performed with a polymer film fixed to a container.
- a graphite container is particularly preferable in view of ease of handling, industrial availability, and the like.
- Black lead here is a broad concept that includes materials that mainly contain graphite as long as it can be heated to the above temperature range.
- isotropic graphite, extruded graphite, Isotropic graphite having excellent electrical and thermal conductivity and excellent homogeneity is preferable when it is repeatedly used.
- the shape of the container is not particularly limited and may be a simple flat plate or the like.
- the container may be cylindrical, and a method of winding a polymer film around the container may be used.
- the shape of the container is not particularly limited as long as the polymer film can be contacted.
- the method of bringing a polymer film into contact with a graphite container includes, for example, a method in which a polymer film is sandwiched between graphite plates.
- a method of contacting the container wall and the bottom of the container in a state where pressure is not applied (it may be held or fixed) or a method of attaching to a cylindrical graphite container. Power to be There is not necessarily restricted only by these methods.
- Examples of the method of contacting with a substance containing metal during heat treatment include contacting with a substance containing 1) solid, 2) liquid, or 3) gaseous metal during the heat treatment.
- Examples of a method for forming a substance containing a metal on the surface include a method of applying a substance containing a metal or vapor deposition.
- the polymer film and the substance containing metal are in direct contact with each other before the heat treatment is started.
- materials containing metals interact directly with the polymer film. It is presumed that as the heat treatment temperature increases, the metal-containing substance becomes liquid and Z or gas, and interacts with the film more actively and uniformly.
- the operation is the same as the method (1).
- metal-containing substances come into contact with already carbonized films, not polymer films.
- materials containing metals interact directly with the carbonized film.
- the metal-containing substance becomes liquid and Z or gas and interacts with the film.
- the method (2) is considered preferable to the method (1).
- the method (1) since the carbon film is in direct contact with the polymer film during carbonization, the metal-containing substance interacts with the polymer film during the carbonization process, and a side reaction may occur simultaneously with the carbonization. .
- the method (2) since the raw material is already carbonized, no side reaction occurs during the heat treatment, and it is estimated that a higher quality graphite can be obtained.
- Examples of the container containing a metal include a container in which a metal is contained in a container.
- the polymer film or carbonized polymer film is in contact with a substance containing a part of metal, but it is considered that the degree of contact is lower than the methods (1) and (2).
- the method (3) it is considered that the substance containing metal diffuses in the container during the heat treatment and sequentially comes into contact with the raw material film. Further, depending on the type of the substance containing metal, it becomes a gas and comes into contact with the raw material film in a gaseous state.
- the method (3) is considered preferable to the method (1).
- a specific method includes a method of adding powdery fine particles.
- a method in which a solution containing a metal-containing substance is added to the state of the polyamic acid solution before producing the polyimide is not preferable. This is because when the metal is dispersed in the form of molecules throughout the raw material film, side reactions occur in the process of producing the polyimide, making it difficult to obtain a uniform polyimide film. Furthermore, if it is uniformly dispersed in the polyimide film, the side reaction in the carbonization process becomes severe, making it difficult to obtain high quality graphite. This method is less preferred than the method (1).
- Substances containing metals include simple metal compounds (including, but not limited to, oxides, nitrides, halides, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides), metals Examples include salts.
- metal In case of direct contact with raw material film, metal is included The substance should be soluble in the solvent. This is also a force that allows a metal-containing substance to come into contact with the surface of the raw material film uniformly by a simple method of coating.
- the graph eye toy of a polymer film occurs through two stages: carbonization and graphite.
- carbonization generally means a process in which a polymer film is heat-treated up to 1000 ° C to change it into a substance whose main component is carbon. Specifically, when a polymer film is heat-treated at the decomposition temperature, bond cleavage occurs, and the decomposition component is released as a gas such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc., and is heat-treated to 1000 ° C. Carbon is the main ingredient.
- graphitization means a process in which a carbonaceous material is heat-treated at a temperature of 2800 ° C or higher to convert it into a structure in which a large number of graphite layers with aromatic rings connected in a planar shape are laminated.
- the graph eye toy of the polymer film occurs through the two stages of carbonization and graphite, and after carbonization by heat treatment, it is converted to a graph eye structure by further heat treatment at a high temperature.
- carbon-carbon bond cleavage and recombination must occur.
- its cleavage and recombination must occur with minimal energy.
- the molecular orientation of the starting polymer film affects the arrangement of carbon atoms in the carbonized film, and the molecular orientation is the bond breakage during graphitization. And the effect of reducing the energy of recombination can be produced.
- the second feature of the graph eye toy reaction is that the graphite formation is difficult to proceed if the polymer film is thick. Accordingly, when a thick polymer film is to be graphed, a situation may occur in which the graphite structure is formed in the surface layer but the dullite structure is still formed inside. The molecular orientation of the polymer film promotes the graph eye toy inside the film, and as a result, it can be converted into a good quality graph eye at a lower temperature.
- the graph eye toy is progressing almost simultaneously between the surface layer and the inside of the polymer film, which is formed in the surface layer due to the gas that also generates internal force. It also helps to avoid the situation where the wrought graphite structure is destroyed, allowing for a thicker film sighting.
- the polymer films used in the present invention (for example, the polymer films listed above, particularly polyimide films) are considered to have the optimal molecular orientation for producing such an effect.
- contact with metal In the case where the surface is not touched, if the plane orientation is too high, the graphite will progress too much, and the surface force may peel off, and the plane orientation of the raw material film can be evenly separated to obtain a good graphite.
- the graphite only advances on the surface and is subjected to internal strain, and the graphite layer on the surface falls off. As a result of excessive advance of the graphite on the entire surface, peeling between the surfaces is likely to occur. In some cases, there was still room for improvement in that the strata were likely to fall off.
- the peeling edge portion is highly reactive. It is presumed that the ends have a loosely bonded state through the metal and suppress peeling. However, in such a state that the graphite layer on the surface is held and maintained by such a metal, the metal becomes an impurity, which may deteriorate the thermal conductivity. However, after the generation of the internal gas is finished and the homogenization of the surface and the internal graphite is strong, it becomes a thermodynamically stable, metal-free graphite state. It is estimated that the metal that held the joints was detached and recombination of the ends occurred, and the metal was released from the carbon binding force.
- the graphitization temperature of 2 000 ° C or higher exceeds the boiling point of the compound containing metal, and during the graphitization process, the metal-containing substance evaporates, and finally only carbon that does not contain impurities is powerful. It is thought that it becomes a graphite with excellent thermal conductivity.
- Thermal diffusivity of the graphite film that is produced by the production method of the present invention 7. OX IO'V Zs or more, preferably 8. OX 10- 4 m 2 Zs or more, more preferably 8. 5 X 10- 4 m 2 Zs or better. 7. becomes OX 10- 4 m 2 Zs above, due to the high thermal conductivity, easily escape the heat generation equipment or et heat, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise of the heating equipment. On the other hand, if less than 7. 0 X 10- 4 m 2 Zs , because thermal conductivity is poor, heating equipment force also becomes impossible to release the heat, it becomes impossible to suppress the temperature rise of the heating equipment.
- the surface hardness of the graphite film produced by the production method of the present invention is 2B or more, preferably B or more, and more preferably HB or more, in terms of pencil hardness measured based on JIS K 5400.
- the surface hardness is sufficient to prevent scratches when attaching or handling graphite.
- the adhesiveness of the surface of the graphite film produced by the production method of the present invention is such that the adhesive strength measured based on the adhesive tape 'adhesive sheet test method measured based on JIS Z 0237 is 3 NZcm or more It is preferably 4 NZcm or more, more preferably 5 NZcm or more.
- the pencil hardness is 3NZcm or more, when the graphite and heat-generating parts are attached using an adhesive or adhesive, the heat dissipation characteristics inherent to the graphite that does not peel off can be exhibited.
- the specific level of the appearance of the surface of the graphite film produced by the production method of the present invention is evaluated based on the X-cut tape method measured based on JIS K 5400. Above, preferably 8 or more. If the appearance is 6 or more, the graphite and heat-generating parts will not peel off when attached with adhesive or adhesive. The graphite does not peel off from the surface by the fan wind after contact or installation, and the electronic equipment is not contaminated.
- the specific level of the thickness of the graphite film produced by the production method of the present invention is 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 90 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the raw material polymer film to be used is 70 ⁇ m or more, preferably 120 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more. If the thickness of the graphite film is 50 ⁇ m or more and the thickness of the raw material film is 70 m or more, the heat transport amount can be improved and the heat dissipation superior to the conventional one can be expressed.
- a polymer film is heat-treated at a temperature of 2000 ° C or higher, and is a method for producing a graphite film, which includes a step of contacting a metal-containing substance during the heat treatment.
- a polyamic acid solution (18.5 wt%) was obtained by dissolving 1 equivalent of pyromellitic dianhydride in a DMF (dimethylformamide) solution in which 1 equivalent of 4, 4, 1-oxydialin was dissolved.
- the drying conditions for film production when the finished thickness is 75 ⁇ m are shown.
- the mixed solution layer on the aluminum foil was dried in a hot air oven at 120 ° C. for 240 seconds to form a self-supporting gel film.
- the gel film was peeled off from the aluminum foil, brought into contact with the frame and fixed. Furthermore, the gel film is 120 in a hot air oven. 30 seconds at C, 275. C for 40 seconds, 400. C for 43 seconds, 450. 50 seconds at C, and far infrared It was heated by a wire heater at 460 ° C for 23 seconds and dried.
- polyimide film (polyimide film ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ : elastic modulus 3.1 GPa, water absorption 2.5%, birefringence 0.10, linear expansion coefficient 3. OX 10— 5 Z ° C) was produced.
- the firing time was adjusted in proportion to the thickness. For example, in the case of films with thicknesses of 125 ⁇ m and 225 ⁇ m, the firing time was set 5 times 3 times and 3 times that of 75 ⁇ m.
- Polyimide films A, B, and C are sandwiched between graphite plates, heated to 1000 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere using an electric furnace, and then heat treated at 1000 ° C for 1 hour for carbonization (carbonization treatment) ) Done It was.
- This carbonized film is called carbonized film A, B, C.
- Carbonized film obtained from polyimide film of thickness 75 ⁇ m, 125 ⁇ m ⁇ Apply 5wt% methanol solution of ferrous salt, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate, ferric nitrate, cobalt salt and cobalt sulfate After that, it was sandwiched between graphite plates and heated to 3000 ° C under reduced pressure at 2100 ° C or lower and argon atmosphere at 2100 ° C or higher using a graphite furnace, and then heat-treated at 3000 ° C for 1 hour.
- the graphite film was produced by processing graphite graphite.
- a graphite film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that graphite containing 0.1% iron was used for the graphite container and the graphite plate.
- a graphite film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that graphite containing 0.1% iron was used for the graphite container and the graphite plate, and the container was a square container and had a sealed structure with a lid. It was.
- a graphite film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that graphite obtained by applying a 5 wt% methanol solution of iron nitrate to a graphite container and a graphite plate was used.
- a graphite film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a fine powder of iron oxide was spread on a graphite container and a graphite plate.
- Example 3 0.5 wt% of raw material film obtained from polyimide film with thickness of 75 ⁇ , 125 / zm A dalafite film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the carbonized film A ′ containing fine iron oxide powder was used.
- Carbonized film obtained from polyimide film 75 with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m, 125 ⁇ m on the raw material film, polyimide film ⁇ ⁇ with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m, 125 ⁇ m, polyimide film with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m, 125 ⁇ m C force A graphite film was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the obtained carbonized film C ′ was used.
- a graphite film was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that carbonized film B ′ obtained from a polyimide film with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m and 125 ⁇ m was used as the raw material film.
- a graphite film was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 except that carbonized films A and B 'obtained from a polyimide film with a thickness of 225 ⁇ m were used as the raw material film, and a 25 wt% methanol solution of iron nitrate was used. It was done.
- a graphite film was produced in the same manner as in Examples 3 and 13 except that the maximum baking temperature was 2800 ° C.
- a carbonized film ⁇ , ⁇ , obtained from a polyimide film with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m, 125 ⁇ m is sandwiched between black lead plates, and using a graphitization furnace, the pressure is reduced at 2100 ° C or lower, and at 2100 ° C or higher The temperature was raised to 2800 ° C in a glass atmosphere, followed by heat treatment at 2800 ° C for 1 hour for graphitization to produce a graphite film.
- a graphite film was produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 and 2, except that the maximum baking temperature was 3000 ° C.
- the thermal diffusivity of graphite film is 20 ° using a graphite film of 4 mm x 40 mm by using a thermal diffusivity measuring device (“LaserPit” available from ULVAC-RIKO Co., Ltd.). It was measured at 10Hz under C atmosphere.
- the progress of the graph eye toy is determined by measuring the thermal diffusivity in the film surface direction, and the larger the heat diffusivity, the more noticeable the graph eye toy is.
- the pencil hardness of the graphite film was evaluated in accordance with the test method 8.4.1 of “General Test Methods for Paints” in JIS K 5400 (1990) (JIS K5600 (199 9)).
- the evaluation value is indicated by pencil hardness of 2 2, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and in this order, the surface hardness increases and the surface hardness of the graph item is high.
- the density of the graphite film was calculated by dividing the weight (g) of the graphite film by the volume (cm 3 ) calculated by the product of the vertical, horizontal and thickness of the graphite film. In addition, the average value measured at arbitrary 10 points was used for the thickness of the graphite film. The higher the density, the more noticeable the graphing.
- levels of Isure resultant graphite film in Examples 1 to 20 also, the thermal diffusivity 7. 0 X 1 0- 4 m 2 / S or more, the lead events hardness than B, density 2. Og / cm 3 or more, beer strength 4N / cm or more, appearance 8 or more, excellent thermal conductivity, surface hardness, surface adhesion, and appearance
- Example 3 was superior in each characteristic.
- the carbonized film is coated with a metal-containing substance, whereas in Example 6, the film is coated on a polyimide film. From this result, it can be seen that when a substance containing metal is applied, a graphite film having better characteristics can be obtained by applying it to a carbonized film than to a polymer film.
- Example 8 is superior in each characteristic
- Example 6 and Example 7 are compared
- Example 7 is superior in each characteristic. there were. This is because, when the metal is contained in the container rather than bringing the metal-containing substance into direct contact, the metal can contact the raw material evenly, and therefore, a graphite with excellent characteristics can be obtained. Furthermore, in Example 9, since the container can be sealed, it is considered that the metal could be contacted more uniformly. In Examples 7 to 11, the metal effect is sufficiently obtained even when the material film is brought into contact with the raw material film instead of contacting the material containing the metal directly. Show that.
- Example 12 the raw material film was added with iron oxide fine powder, but although the improvement in hardness, surface adhesion, and appearance was seen, it was inferior in properties among the examples. It was. This is because iron oxide is also present in the interior, so that the degree of carbonization and graphitization is suppressed compared to other examples.
- Example 13 Comparing Example 13 and Example 3, Example 13 has a better balance of characteristics, and comparing Example 14 and Example 6, Example 14 has a better balance of characteristics.
- Example 16 When Example 8 was compared with Example 8, Example 16 was superior in characteristics. The reason for this is considered to be that the rearrangement of the molecules during graphitization was facilitated in Examples 13, 14, and 16 because the starting materials were produced by sequence control. In addition, because the carbon ratio of the starting material is high, it is considered that the graphite has progressed smoothly with less generation of cracked gas.
- Example 13 When Example 3, Example 13, and Example 15 were compared, the characteristics were excellent in the order of Example 3, Example 15, and Example 13.
- the reason why Examples 15 and 13 were superior to Example 3 was that Examples 15 and 13 used raw materials with higher birefringence, higher elastic modulus and smaller linear expansion coefficient than Example 3, and This is thought to have facilitated the rearrangement of the molecules inside. Further, the reason why Example 13 was superior to Example 15 is that the rearrangement of molecules in the graphite cake was facilitated because the starting material was produced under sequence control. In addition, because the carbon ratio of the starting material is high, it is considered that the graphite has progressed smoothly with less cracking gas generation.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of a graphite film obtained by heat-treating a polyimide film ⁇ having a thickness of 225 ⁇ m in Comparative Example 1.
- cracks and Z or cracks are partially generated inside the film, and cracks are generated over the entire surface layer and inner layer of the film.
- the cause of this is thought to be that gas generated during the heat treatment could not escape well and foamed.
- the interaction inside the film is weak, it is estimated that when the thickness is increased, the film is torn due to internal stress.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of the graphite film obtained by heat-treating the 225 ⁇ m-thick polyimide film in Example 17.
- the graph eye toy is progressing throughout the entire film, resulting in a very dense graph eye film with no voids inside the film.
- the graph eye film has excellent characteristics.
- a dense graphite was obtained because a non-homogeneous layer * non-homogeneous phase was formed inside the film during the heat treatment, and the gas generated during the heat treatment could be eliminated well. It can be considered that the film was damaged.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional SEM photograph of a graphite film obtained by heat-treating a film obtained by carbonizing a 75 ⁇ m-thick polyimide film.
- a polyimide film with a thickness of 75 ⁇ m is used, the film will not tear like when a polyimide film with a thickness of 225 ⁇ m is used. However, voids are formed inside the film, and the film is peeled off as a whole.
- the cross-sectional photograph of the graphite film manufactured by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. has a structure similar to that shown in Fig. 5.
- the reason why the heterogeneous layer 'non-homogeneous phase is formed inside the film is that the metal is applied to the surface layer and the internal destroyed part due to vaporization of decomposition gas and excess daraphene component during heat treatment. It is conceivable that the contained material diffuses and reacts partially with the film. The reason why the heterogeneous layer or heterogeneous phase is formed to the inside of the film is thought to be that the heat treatment occurred at a high temperature, so that it permeated and diffused into the film and the reaction occurred.
- the graphene layer develops on the surface, and the graphene layer peels off in layers, but by forming a heterogeneous layer 'non-uniform phase inside, the peeling is partially fixed, It is possible to prevent peeling. Furthermore, it is considered that the strain accumulated during the heat treatment can be alleviated by the formation of the heterogeneous layer-heterogeneous phase.
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Abstract
Description
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JP2006547733A JP4942490B2 (ja) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-15 | グラファイトフィルムの製造方法 |
US11/791,003 US8105565B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2005-11-15 | Process for producing graphite film |
US13/341,182 US8512670B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2011-12-30 | Process for producing graphite film |
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US13/341,182 Division US8512670B2 (en) | 2004-11-24 | 2011-12-30 | Process for producing graphite film |
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JPWO2017183705A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-22 | 2019-01-31 | 株式会社カネカ | 高配向性グラファイト、および、高配向性グラファイトの製造方法 |
JP2023501195A (ja) * | 2019-11-08 | 2023-01-18 | ピーアイ アドヴァンスド マテリアルズ カンパニー リミテッド | グラファイトシート用ポリイミドフィルム、その製造方法、およびこれから製造されたグラファイトシート |
JP7385028B2 (ja) | 2019-11-08 | 2023-11-21 | ピーアイ アドヴァンスド マテリアルズ カンパニー リミテッド | グラファイトシート用ポリイミドフィルム、その製造方法、およびこれから製造されたグラファイトシート |
Also Published As
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JP2014005201A (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
JPWO2006057183A1 (ja) | 2008-06-05 |
US8105565B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
US20080014426A1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
JP5398816B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
JP4942490B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 |
JP5732117B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
JP2012087047A (ja) | 2012-05-10 |
US8512670B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 |
US20120171451A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
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