US20130291227A1 - Pesticidal compositions and processes related thereto - Google Patents

Pesticidal compositions and processes related thereto Download PDF

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Publication number
US20130291227A1
US20130291227A1 US13/788,736 US201313788736A US2013291227A1 US 20130291227 A1 US20130291227 A1 US 20130291227A1 US 201313788736 A US201313788736 A US 201313788736A US 2013291227 A1 US2013291227 A1 US 2013291227A1
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Prior art keywords
substituted
unsubstituted
methyl
sodium
alkyl
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US13/788,736
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Inventor
Ann M. Buysse
Noormohamed M. Niyaz
Yu Zhang
Martin J. Walsh
Asako Kubota
Ricky Hunter
Tony K. Trullinger
Christian T. Lowe
Daniel Knueppel
David A. Demeter
Akshay Patny
Negar Garizi
Paul Renee LePlae, Jr.
Frank Wessels
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Corteva Agriscience LLC
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Dow AgroSciences LLC
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Priority to US13/788,736 priority Critical patent/US20130291227A1/en
Publication of US20130291227A1 publication Critical patent/US20130291227A1/en
Assigned to DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC reassignment DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BUYSSE, ANN M, DEMETER, DAVID A, GARIZI, NEGAR, HUNTER, RICKY, KNUEPPEL, DANIEL, KUBOTA, Asako, LEPLAE, PAUL R, JR, LOWE, CHRISTIAN T, NIYAZ, NOORMOHAMED M, PATNY, Akshay, TRULLINGER, TONY K, WALSH, MARTIN J, WESSELS, FRANK, ZHANG, YU
Assigned to DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC reassignment DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BUYSSE, ANN M, DEMETER, DAVID A, GARIZI, NEGAR, HUNTER, RICKY, KNUEPPEL, DANIEL, KUBOTA, Asako, LEPLAE, PAUL R, JR, LOWE, CHRISTIAN T, NIYAZ, NOORMOHAMED M, PATNY, Akshay, TRULLINGER, TONY K, WALSH, MARTIN J, WESSELS, FRANK, ZHANG, YU
Priority to US14/816,295 priority patent/US9591857B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
    • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/60—1,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/713—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with four or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/84—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,4
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/10—Anthelmintics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/14—Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
    • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • This disclosure is related to the field of processes to produce molecules that are useful as pesticides (e.g., acaricides, insecticides, molluscicides, and nematicides), such molecules, and processes of using such molecules to control pests.
  • pesticides e.g., acaricides, insecticides, molluscicides, and nematicides
  • Alkenyl means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon double bond), branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.
  • Alkenyloxy means an alkenyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, allyloxy, butenyloxy, pentenyloxy, hexenyloxy.
  • Alkoxy means an alkyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, and tert-butoxy.
  • Alkyl means an acyclic, saturated, branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, methyl, ethyl, (C 3 )alkyl which represents n-propyl and isopropyl), (C 4 )alkyl which represents n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.
  • Alkynyl means an acyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon triple bond), branched or unbranched, substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, ethynyl, propargyl, butynyl, and pentynyl.
  • Alkynyloxy means an alkynyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, pentynyloxy, hexynyloxy, heptynyloxy, and octynyloxy.
  • Aryl means a cyclic, aromatic substituent consisting of hydrogen and carbon, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl.
  • (C x -C y ) where the subscripts “x” and “y” are integers such as 1, 2, or 3, means the range of carbon atoms for a substituent—for example, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl means methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl, each individually.
  • “Cycloalkenyl” means a monocyclic or polycyclic, unsaturated (at least one carbon-carbon double bond) substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, norbornenyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, hexahydronaphthyl, and octahydronaphthyl.
  • Cycloalkenyloxy means a cycloalkenyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, cyclobutenyloxy, cyclopentenyloxy, norbornenyloxy, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octenyloxy.
  • Cycloalkyl means a monocyclic or polycyclic, saturated substituent consisting of carbon and hydrogen, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, norbornyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, and decahydronaphthyl.
  • Cycloalkoxy means a cycloalkyl further consisting of a carbon-oxygen single bond, for example, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, norbornyloxy, and bicyclo[2.2.2]octyloxy.
  • Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
  • Haloalkoxy means an alkoxy further consisting of, from one to the maximum possible number of identical or different, halos, for example, fluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, chloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, and pentafluoroethoxy.
  • Haloalkyl means an alkyl further consisting of, from one to the maximum possible number of, identical or different, halos, for example, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, chloromethyl, trichloromethyl, and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl.
  • Heterocyclyl means a cyclic substituent that may be fully saturated, partially unsaturated, or fully unsaturated, where the cyclic structure contains at least one carbon and at least one heteroatom, where said heteroatom is nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen. In the case of sulfur, that atom can be in other oxidation states such as a sulfoxide and sulfone.
  • aromatic heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrazolyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triaziny
  • Examples of fully saturated heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl and tetrahydropyranyl.
  • Examples of partially unsaturated heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolinyl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolyl, 4,5-dihydro-isoxazolyl, and 2,3-dihydro-[1,3,4]-oxadiazolyl. Additional examples include the following
  • R1 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)OR9, C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 , N(R9) 2 , N(R9)C( ⁇ X1)R9, S(O) n R9, S(O) n OR9, S(O
  • R2 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)OR9, C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 , N(R9) 2 , N(R9)C( ⁇ X1)R9, SR9, S(O) n OR9, or R9S(O)
  • R3 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)OR9, C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 , N(R9) 2 , N(R9)C( ⁇ X1)R9, SR9, S(O) n OR9, or R9S(O)
  • R4 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)OR9, C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 , N(R9) 2 , N(R9)C( ⁇ X1)R9, SR9, S(O) n OR9, or R9S(
  • R5 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, OR9, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)OR9, C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 , N(R9) 2 , N(R9)C( ⁇ X1)R9, SR9, S(O) n OR9, or R9S(O) n R9,
  • R7 is O, S, NR9, or NOR9;
  • R8 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, OR9S(O) n R9, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)OR9, R9C( ⁇ X1)OR9, R9X2C( ⁇ X1)R9X2R9, C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 , N(R9) 2 , N(R9)(R9S(O)
  • R9 is (each independently) H, CN, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted S(O) n C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 ,
  • (k) n is 0, 1, or 2;
  • X is N or CR n1 where R n1 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)OR9, C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 , N(R9) 2 , N(R9)C( ⁇ X1)R9, SR9, S(
  • X1 is (each independently) O or S;
  • X2 is (each independently) O, S, ⁇ NR9, or ⁇ NOR9;
  • (O) Z is CN, NO 2 , C 1 -C 6 alkyl(R9), C( ⁇ X1)N(R9) 2 ;
  • R11 is Q 1 (C ⁇ C)R12, wherein Q 1 is a bond, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 cycloalkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylOR9, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylS(O) n R9, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylS(O) n ( ⁇ NR9), substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylN(R9) (where (C ⁇ C) is attached directly to the N by a bond), substituted or unsubstituted
  • R12 is Q 1 (except where Q 1 is a bond), F, Cl, Br, I, Si(R9) 3 (where each R9 is independently selected), or R9;
  • A is A1.
  • A is A2.
  • R1 is H.
  • R2 is H.
  • R3 is selected from H, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • R3 is selected from H or CH 3 .
  • A1 is A11.
  • R4 is selected from H, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl.
  • R4 is selected from CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , or phenyl.
  • R4 is CH 3 .
  • R4 is selected from H, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, wherein each said R4, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, or I.
  • R4 is H or C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • R4 is H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH ⁇ CH 2 , cyclopropyl, CH 2 Cl, CF 3 , or phenyl.
  • R4 is Br or Cl.
  • R5 is H, F, Cl, Br, I, or substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy.
  • R5 is H, OCH 2 CH 3 , F, Cl, Br, or CH 3 .
  • R6 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.
  • R6 is selected from is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C( ⁇ X1)R9, C( ⁇ X1)X2R9, R9X2R9, C( ⁇ O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)S(O) n (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), (C 1 -C 6 alkyl)OC( ⁇ O)(C 6 -C 20 aryl), (C 1 -C 6 alkyl)OC( ⁇ O)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl), or R9X2C( ⁇ X1)X2R9.
  • R6 and R8 are connected in a cyclic arrangement, where optionally such arrangement can have one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S, or, N, in the cyclic structure connecting R6 and R8.
  • R6 is C 1 -C 6 alkyl, or C 1 -C 6 alkyl-phenyl.
  • R6 is H, CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 -phenyl, CH 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 cyclopropyl, C( ⁇ O)CH 2 CH 2 SCH 3 , C( ⁇ O)OC(CH 3 ) 3 , CH 2 CH ⁇ CH 2 , C( ⁇ O)OCH 2 CH 3 , C( ⁇ O)CH(CH 3 )CH 2 SCH 3 , cyclopropyl, CD 3 , CH 2 OC( ⁇ O)phenyl, C( ⁇ O)CH 3 , C( ⁇ O)CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 C( ⁇ O)CH(CH 3 ) 2 , CH 2 C( ⁇ O)CH 3 , C( ⁇ O)phenyl, CH 2 OCH 3 , CH 2 C( ⁇ O)CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , CH 2 C( ⁇ O)OCH
  • R6 is methyl or ethyl.
  • R7 is O or S.
  • R8 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, R9C( ⁇ X1)OR9, SR9, S(O) n OR9, R9S(O) n R9, or R9S(O) n (NZ)R9.
  • R8 is CH(CH 3 )CH 2 SCH 3 , CH(CH 3 ) 2 , C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 SCH 3 , CH 2 CH 2 SCH 3 , CH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 C( ⁇ O)OCH 3 , N(H)(CH 2 CH 2 SCH 3 ), OCH 2 CH 2 SCH 3 , CH(CH 2 SCH 3 )(CH 2 -phenyl), thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, substituted-furanyl, CH 3 , C(CH 3 ) 3 , phenyl, CH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , pyridyl, CH 2 CH(CH 3 )SCH 3 , OC(CH 3 ) 3 , C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 SCH 3 , CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )SCH 3 , CH(CH 3 )CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 -thienyl, CH(CH 3 )
  • R8 is preferably R13—S(O) n —R13 wherein each R13 is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted S(O) n C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2 , wherein each said substituted alky
  • R8 is (substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl)-S(O) n -(substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl) wherein said substituents on said substituted alkyls are independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyloxy, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkenyl, OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, OC 1 -C 6 haloalkyl
  • R8 is selected from CH(CH 3 )SCH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 SCH 2 CF 3 , CH 2 SCHClCF 3 , CH(CH 2 CH 3 )SCH 2 CF 3 , CH(CH 3 )SCH 2 CHF 2 , CH(CH 3 )SCH 2 CH 2 F, CH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 F, CH(CH 3 )S( ⁇ O) 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CH(CH 3 )S( ⁇ O)CH 2 CF 3 , CH(CH 3 )CH 2 SCF 3 , CH(CH 3 )CH 2 SCF 3 , CH(CH 3 )SCH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , and CH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH 2 CF 3 .
  • R8 is (substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl)-S(O) n -(substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl) wherein said substituents on said substituted alkyls and said substituted cycloalkyls are independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyloxy, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, C
  • R8 is selected from CH(CH 3 )CH 2 SCH 2 (2,2 difluorocyclopropyl), CH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 (2,2 difluorocyclopropyl), CH 2 CH 2 S( ⁇ O)CH 2 (2,2 difluorocyclopropyl), CH 2 CH 2 S( ⁇ O) 2 CH 2 CH 2 (2,2 difluorocyclopropyl), and CH 2 CH(CF 3 )SCH 2 (2,2 difluorocyclopropyl).
  • R8 is (substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl)-S(O) n -(substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl) wherein said substituents on said substituted alkyls and substituted alkenyls are independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2 , C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyloxy, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkenyl, OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, OC 1
  • R8 is selected from CH 2 CH 2 SCH 2 CH ⁇ CCl 2 , CH 2 SCH 2 CH ⁇ CCl 2 , CH(CH 3 )SCH 2 CH ⁇ CCl 2 , CH(CH 3 )SCH ⁇ CHF, CH 2 CH 2 S( ⁇ O)CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , and CH 2 CH 2 S( ⁇ O) 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 .
  • X is CR n1 where R n1 is H or halo.
  • X is CR n1 where R n1 is H or F.
  • X1 is O.
  • X2 is O.
  • R11 is substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylC ⁇ CR12.
  • R11 is CH 2 C ⁇ CH.
  • the molecules of Formula One will generally have a molecular mass of about 100 Daltons to about 1200 Daltons. However, it is generally preferred if the molecular mass is from about 120 Daltons to about 900 Daltons, and it is even more generally preferred if the molecular mass is from about 140 Daltons to about 600 Daltons.
  • step a of Scheme I treatment of a 3-acetopyridine or a 5-acetopyrimidine of Formula II, wherein R1, R2, R3 and X are as previously defined, with carbon disulfide and iodomethane in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride and in a solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide provides the compound of Formula III.
  • step b of Scheme I the compound of Formula III can be treated with an amine or amine hydrochloride, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, in a solvent such as ethyl alcohol to afford the compound of Formula IV, wherein R1, R2, R3, R6 and X are as previously defined.
  • a hydrazine such as methylhydrazine
  • a polar protic solvent such as ethyl alcohol.
  • a boronic acid such as phenylboronic acid
  • a catalyst such as palladium tetrakis
  • a base such as 2M aqueous potassium carbonate
  • a mixed solvent system such as ethanol and toluene
  • a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride
  • a polar protic solvent such as ethanol
  • the compounds of Formula XIIb can be acylated with an acid chloride such as acetyl chloride in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane using the conditions described in Scheme V.
  • the compounds of Formula XIIb can be treated with benzotriazole and an aldehyde in ethanol followed by reduction using, for example, sodium borohydride, to afford compounds of Formula XIIIa.
  • acylation of compounds of Formula XIIIa in Scheme IV using the conditions described in Scheme IX affords compounds of Formula Ia, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8 and X are as previously defined.
  • step a of Scheme V the compounds of Formula Vc, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 and X are as previously defined, can be treated with an acid chloride of Formula XIV, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or N,N-dimethylaminopyridine in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE) to yield compounds of Formula Ib, wherein R8 is as previously defined.
  • a base such as triethylamine or N,N-dimethylaminopyridine
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE)
  • the 2° amide may be subsequently alkylated in step b of Scheme V with an alkyl halide such as iodoethane, in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride and a polar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to yield the desired compounds of Formula Ib.
  • an alkyl halide such as iodoethane
  • a base such as sodium hydride
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)
  • a halogen source such as N-chlorosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile
  • ureas and carbamates are made from the aminopyrazoles of Formula Ve.
  • Compounds of Formula Ve, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as previously defined are allowed to react with phosgene to provide the intermediate carbamoyl chloride which is subsequently treated with an amine, as shown in step b, or alcohol, as shown in step c, respectively, to generate a urea of Formula Id or a carbamate of Formula Ie, respectively, wherein R9 is as previously defined.
  • step a of Scheme VIII compounds of Formula XIIc, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are as previously defined, can be treated with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc 2 O) and a base such as triethylamine in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM) to yield compounds of Formula XVIa.
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM)
  • compounds of Formula XIIIc can be converted to compounds of Formula Id in the presence of a coupling reagent such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and a base such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE), as shown in step a.
  • a coupling reagent such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and a base such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE), as shown in step a.
  • a coupling reagent such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
  • compounds of Formula XIIIc can be converted to compounds of Formula Id in the presence of 2,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine in a polar aprotic solvent such as 1,4-dioxane under elevated temperature, as shown in step b.
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as 1,4-dioxane under elevated temperature
  • compounds of Formula XIIIc can be converted to compounds of Formula Id in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM), as shown in step c.
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • a thionating agent
  • step a of Scheme X compounds of Formula XIIId, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as previously defined, can be treated with compounds of Formula XIX, wherein R8 is as previously defined, in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE) to yield compounds of Formula XX.
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE)
  • DCE dichloroethane
  • compounds of Formula XX can be treated with a base, such as sodium hydride, in a polar aprotic solvent, such as THF, to yield compounds of Formula XXI, where m is an integer selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, as shown in step b of Scheme X.
  • the sulfide of Formula XXIIa can be oxidized with an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide in a polar protic solvent such as hexafluoroisopropanol to give the sulfoxide of Formula XXIII as in step d of Scheme XI.
  • the sulfoxide of Formula XXIII can be further oxidized to the sulfone of Formula XXIV by sodium perborate tetrahydrate in a polar protic solvent such as glacial acetic acid as in step c of Scheme XI.
  • the sulfone of Formula XXIV can be generated in a one-step procedure from the sulfide of Formula XXIIa by using the aforementioned conditions with >2 equivalents of sodium perborate tetrahydrate, as in step b of Scheme XI.
  • the sulfilimine of Formula XXV may be further oxidized to the sulfoximine of Formula XXVI with an oxidant such as meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (“mCPBA”) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate in a protic polar solvent system such as ethanol and water as in step b of Scheme XII.
  • an oxidant such as meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (“mCPBA”) in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate in a protic polar solvent system such as ethanol and water as in step b of Scheme XII.
  • aminopyrazoles of Formula XIIIe can be prepared from iodopyrazoles of Formula XXVII through cross coupling reactions with an appropriate amine in the presence of a base such as cesium carbonate, a copper catalyst such as copper (I) bromide, and a ligand such as 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)ethanone in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMSO.
  • a base such as cesium carbonate
  • a copper catalyst such as copper (I) bromide
  • a ligand such as 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-yl)ethanone in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMSO.
  • step a of the Scheme XIV compounds of the formula XXIX, wherein R4 is Cl, R5 is H and X ⁇ represents Cl ⁇ , can be prepared according to the methods described in Acta. Pharm. Suec. 22, 147-156 (1985) by Tolf, Bo-Ragnar and Dahlbom, R.
  • compounds of the Formula XXIX, wherein R4 is Br, X ⁇ represents Br ⁇ and R5 is as defined previously can be prepared by treating compounds of the Formula XXVIII with hydrogen gas in the presence of a metal catalyst such as 5% Pd on alumina and a solution of 50% aqueous HBr in a solvent such as ethanol.
  • step a of Scheme XIV compounds of the Formula XXIX, wherein R4 is Cl or Br, X ⁇ represents Cl ⁇ or Br ⁇ and R5 is as defined previously, can be prepared by treating compounds of the Formula XXVIII, wherein R5 is as defined previously, with a hydrosilane such as triethyl silane in the presence of a metal catalyst such as 5% Pd on alumina and an acid such as HCl or HBr, respectively, in a solvent such as ethanol.
  • a hydrosilane such as triethyl silane
  • a metal catalyst such as 5% Pd on alumina
  • an acid such as HCl or HBr
  • step b of the Scheme XIV compounds of the Formula XXX, wherein R4 is Cl or Br and R5 is as defined previously, can be prepared by treating the compounds of the Formula XXIX, wherein R4 is Cl or Br, X ⁇ represents CF or Br ⁇ and R5 is as defined previously, with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (Boc 2 O) in the presence of a mixture of solvents such as THF and water and a base such as sodium bicarbonate.
  • a mixture of solvents such as THF and water
  • a base such as sodium bicarbonate
  • step c of the Scheme XIV compounds of the Formula XVIa, wherein X, R1, R2, R3 and R5 are as defined previously and R4 is Cl or Br, preferably Cl can be obtained by treating compounds of the Formula XXX, wherein R4 is Cl or Br and R5 is as defined previously, preferably H, with compounds of the Formula VIIIb, wherein X, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined previously and Q is iodo, in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper salt such as CuCl 2 , a ligand such as an ethane-1,2-diamine derivative such as N 1 ,N 2 -dimethylethane-1,2-diamine and a base such as K 3 PO 4 in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile at a suitable temperature.
  • a catalytic amount of copper salt such as CuCl 2
  • a ligand such as an ethane-1,2-diamine derivative such as N 1 ,
  • step c pyrazoles of Formula XXX are coupled with compounds of the Formula VIIIb, preferably 3-iodo pyridine, in the presence of a metal catalyst, such as CuCl 2 , and a diamine ligand such as N 1 ,N 2 -dimethylethane-1,2-diamine, and an inorganic base, such as K 3 PO 4 .
  • a metal catalyst such as CuCl 2
  • a diamine ligand such as N 1 ,N 2 -dimethylethane-1,2-diamine
  • an inorganic base such as K 3 PO 4
  • the reaction is carried out in a polar aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile.
  • the reaction is conducted at a temperature from about 60° C. to about 82° C. and preferably from about 75° C. to 82° C.
  • a 1:1.2 molar ratio of pyrazoles of Formula XXX to heterocyclyl iodide of Formula VIIIb may be used, however, a molar ratios of about 5:1 to about 1:5 may also be used.
  • the reaction is conducted at about atmospheric pressure, however, higher or lower pressures can be used.
  • Boc-group of compounds of Formula XVIa can be removed under conditions that are well-known in the art such as under acidic conditions such as TFA in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane to give compounds of Formula XIId, as shown in step d of Scheme XIV.
  • Bromopyrazoles of Formula XXXI wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R8 and X are as previously defined, can be allowed to react under Suzuki coupling conditions with a boronic ester such as vinylboronic acid pinacol ester or cyclopropylboronic acid pinacol ester in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium tetrakis, a base such as 2 M aqueous potassium carbonate, and in a mixed solvent system such as ethanol and toluene to provide compounds of Formula XXXII, as shown in step a of Scheme XV.
  • a boronic ester such as vinylboronic acid pinacol ester or cyclopropylboronic acid pinacol ester
  • a catalyst such as palladium tetrakis
  • a base such as 2 M aqueous potassium carbonate
  • a mixed solvent system such as ethanol and toluene
  • the vinyl group of compounds of Formula XXXIII can be reduced in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst such as 10% Pd/C in a polar protic solvent such methanol to give compounds of Formula XXXIV, as shown in step a of Scheme XVI.
  • a catalyst such as 10% Pd/C in a polar protic solvent such methanol
  • Oxidation of the vinyl group of compounds of Formula XXXIII using an oxidant such as osmium tetroxide in the presence of sodium periodate in mixture of a polar protic solvent such as water and a polar aprotic solvent such as THF gave compounds of Formula XXXV, as shown in step b of Scheme XVI.
  • an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated acid XXXVIII can be treated with a nucleophile such as sodium thiomethoxide in a polar protic solvent such as methanol to give acid XXXIX.
  • a nucleophile such as sodium thiomethoxide
  • a polar protic solvent such as methanol
  • a reagent such as propargyl bromide
  • step a of Scheme XIX compounds of Formula XL, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as previously defined, can be treated with an acid of Formula XLI, wherein R8 is as previously defined, in the presence of a coupling reagent, such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl), and a base, such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane (DCM), to yield compounds of Formula XLII.
  • a coupling reagent such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl)
  • EDC.HCl 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
  • DMAP N,
  • step b compounds of the Formula XLII can be treated with a base, such as sodium methoxide, in a polar solvent such as THF, followed by an alkyl halide R9-Hal to give the compounds of the Formula XLIII.
  • a base such as sodium methoxide
  • a polar solvent such as THF
  • step a of Scheme XX compounds of the Formula XL or the corresponding HCl salt, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as previously defined, can be coupled to acids of the formula XLIV, wherein R8 is as previously defined, in the presence of a coupling reagent, such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.
  • a coupling reagent such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.
  • step b of Scheme XX compounds of the Formula XLV, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined and Tr represents trityl (triphenylmethyl), can be treated with an acid, such as 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid, in the presence of a trialkyl silane, such as triethyl silane, in a polar aprotic solvent, such as methylene chloride, to remove the trityl group to give thiols of the Formula XLVI, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined.
  • an acid such as 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
  • a trialkyl silane such as triethyl silane
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as methylene chloride
  • thiols of the Formula XLVI can be treated with a base, such as sodium hydride, in a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, or cesium carbonate in acetonitrile, or DBU in dimethylformamide, and an electrophile (R9-Hal), such as 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclopropane, in tetrahydrofuran, to give compounds of the Formula XLVII.
  • a base such as sodium hydride
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, or cesium carbonate in acetonitrile, or DBU in dimethylformamide
  • R9-Hal electrophile
  • 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclopropane in tetrahydrofuran
  • step a of the Scheme XXI compounds of the Formula XL or the corresponding HCl salt, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as previously defined, can be coupled to acids of the Formula XLVIII, wherein R9 is as previously defined, in the presence of a coupling reagent such as EDC.HCl and a base such as DMAP in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF to yield compounds of Formula XLIX, where in X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R9 are as previously defined.
  • a coupling reagent such as EDC.HCl and a base such as DMAP
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF
  • step b of the Scheme XXI compounds of the Formula XLIX, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R9 are as previously defined, can be treated with a thio acid salt, such as potassium thioacetate, at an elevated temperature (about 50° C.) in a solvent, such as DMSO, to give compounds of the Formula L, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R9 are as previously defined.
  • a thio acid salt such as potassium thioacetate
  • step c of the Scheme XXI compounds of the Formula L, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R9 are as previously defined, can be treated with an equimolar amount of a base, such as sodium methoxide, prepared from mixing sodium hydride, and methanol, followed by an electrophile (R9-Halo), such as 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclopropane, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran, to give compounds of the Formula LI.
  • a base such as sodium methoxide
  • R9-Halo an electrophile
  • step a of Scheme XXII compounds of the Formula XL, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and halo are as previously defined, can be treated with an acid chloride of Formula LII in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine in a polar aprotic solvent, such as DCE, to yield compounds of the Formula LII, wherein R8 is either a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl chain.
  • a base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as DCE
  • a one-pot methanolysis/alkylation sequence can be achieved via treatment of compounds of the Formula LIV with one equivalent of a base, such as sodium methoxide (NaOMe) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF).
  • a base such as sodium methoxide (NaOMe)
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF).
  • An alkyl sulfonate or alkyl halide such as 2-iodo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, can then be added to the reaction mixture to deliver compounds of the Formula LV, wherein R9 is as previously defined.
  • compounds of the Formula LV may be obtained from compounds of the Formula LIII via treatment with an alkyl thiol such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol at elevated temperatures (about 50° C.) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as THF, in the presence of sodium iodide and a base, such as diisopropylethylamine.
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as THF
  • a base such as diisopropylethylamine
  • step f treating compounds of Formula LIII with an alkyl thiol, such as sodium methanethiolate, in a polar aprotic solvent, such as DMSO, at elevated temperatures (about 50° C.) will afford compounds of Formula LV.
  • step e when compounds of the Formula LIV are treated with two or more equivalents of a base, such as NaOMe, followed by a 1,2,2-trihaloalkyl compound, such as 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane, compounds of Formula LVI are obtained.
  • a base such as NaOMe
  • a 1,2,2-trihaloalkyl compound such as 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane
  • step a of Scheme 23 compounds of Formula 23.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined, can be treated with a base, such as aqueous 2M lithium hydroxide, in a polar protic solvent, such as methanol, to give compounds of Formula 23.2.
  • a base such as aqueous 2M lithium hydroxide
  • a polar protic solvent such as methanol
  • a base such as sodium hydride
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF)
  • step b of Scheme 24 compounds of Formula 24.2 can be treated with a base, such as triethylamine, and silylation reagents, such as trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and dimethylmethylideneammonium iodide (Eschenmoser's salt) in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane (DCM), to yield compounds of Formula 24.3.
  • a base such as triethylamine
  • silylation reagents such as trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and dimethylmethylideneammonium iodide (Eschenmoser's salt)
  • DCM dichloromethane
  • step c of Scheme 24 compounds of Formula 24.3 can be treated with a base, such as potassium hydroxide, and a nucleophile, such as S,S-dimethyl carbonodithioate, in water and a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) to yield compounds of Formula 24.4, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R9 and m are as previously defined.
  • a base such as potassium hydroxide
  • a nucleophile such as S,S-dimethyl carbonodithioate
  • step a when compounds of the Formula 25.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined, are treated with two or more equivalents of a base, such as sodium methoxide, followed by a 1,2-dihaloalkyl compound, such as 1-fluoro-2-iodoethane, in a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), compounds of Formula 25.2, wherein R9 is as previously defined, are obtained.
  • a base such as sodium methoxide
  • a 1,2-dihaloalkyl compound such as 1-fluoro-2-iodoethane
  • a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF)
  • step a of Scheme 26 An alternative route to vinyl sulfides is described in step a of Scheme 26.
  • This route utilizes conditions developed by Kao and Lee ( Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5204-5207) in which thiols of the Formula 26.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined, are coupled with a vinyl halide, such as (E)-1-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, in the presence of a catalyst, such as copper(I) oxide, a base, such as potassium hydroxide, and a solvent, such as dioxane, at elevated temperatures to afford products of Formula 26.2, wherein R9 is as previously defined.
  • a catalyst such as copper(I) oxide
  • a base such as potassium hydroxide
  • solvent such as dioxane
  • step a of Scheme 27 an acrylamide of Formula 27.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as previously defined, is reacted with a sulfonamide of Formula 27.2, wherein R9 is as previously defined, in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, at elevated temperatures in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide (DMF), to deliver compounds of Formula 27.3.
  • a base such as sodium hydride
  • an alkyl halide such as 2-bromoacetonitrile
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF)
  • Compounds of the Formula 28.3 may be treated with a sulfonyl chloride, such as methanesulfonyl chloride, in the presence of a base, such as diisopropylethylamine, and a polar aprotic solvent, such as dichloromethane (DCM), to afford products of the Formula 28.4, as shown in step b.
  • a sulfonyl chloride such as methanesulfonyl chloride
  • a base such as diisopropylethylamine
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM)
  • compounds of Formula 28.3 may be prepared via a two step process as described in steps d and e of Scheme 28.
  • Compounds of Formula 28.6 can be converted to compounds of Formula 28.8 when treated with compounds of Formula 28.7 in the presence of a coupling reagent such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and a base such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE), as shown in step d.
  • a coupling reagent such as 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC.HCl) and a base such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE), as shown in step d
  • the Boc-group can be removed under conditions that are well-known in the art, such as under acidic conditions such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in a polar aprotic solvent like dichloromethane to give compounds of Formula 28.3 as in step e.
  • acidic conditions such as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in a polar aprotic solvent like dichloromethane to give compounds of Formula 28.3 as in step e.
  • step a of Scheme 29 compounds of Formula 29.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined, can be reacted with either a cyclic or acyclic enone, such as but-3-ene-2-one, under the conditions described by Chakraborti ( Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 2433-2436) to deliver compounds of the Formula 29.2, wherein R9 is as previously defined.
  • a fluorinating reagent such as Deoxo-Fluor®
  • an initiator such as ethanol
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane (DCM)
  • Step a of Scheme 30 depicts the hydrolysis of compounds of the Formula 30.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and R9 are as previously defined, via treatment with an acid, such as aqueous hydrochloric acid, in a solvent, such as THF, to afford an intermediate aldehyde of the Formula 30.2.
  • Compounds of the Formula 30.2 can be immediately reacted with a fluorinating reagent, such as Deoxo-Fluor®, in the presence of an initiator, such as ethanol, and a solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), to provide products of the Formula 30.3.
  • a fluorinating reagent such as Deoxo-Fluor®
  • a one-pot deprotection/alkylation sequence can be achieved via treatment of compounds of the Formula 31.3 with one equivalent of a base, such as sodium methoxide (NaOMe), in a polar aprotic solvent, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF).
  • a base such as sodium methoxide (NaOMe)
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF).
  • a compound of the Formula 31.4 wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8 and halo are as previously defined, may then be added to the reaction mixture to afford compounds of the Formula 31.5.
  • a neat mixture of an olefin of the Formula 32.1, where n is an integer selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and trimethylsilyl 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetate can be heated in the presence of sodium fluoride to deliver a substituted difluorocyclopropane of the Formula 32.2, as indicated in step a.
  • this product was treated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to afford an intermediate homoallylic alcohol of the Formula 32.3.
  • TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride
  • THF tetrahydrofuran
  • This alcohol was not isolated, but rather immediately treated with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of pyridine and dichloromethane to afford a tosylate of the Formula 32.4, as shown in step c.
  • amines of Formula 33.1 are coupled with acid chlorides of Formula 33.2 in the presence of a base, or combination of bases such as pyridine, N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, or diisopropylethylamine.
  • the reaction is carried out in a halogenated solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethane or methylene chloride.
  • the reaction is conducted at a temperature from 0° C. to 80° C. and preferably from about 0° C. to 23° C.
  • a 1:1 molar ratio of the amine of formula 33.1 to acid chloride of Formula 33.2 may be used, however, molar ratios of about 5:1 to about 1:5 may also be used.
  • the reaction is conducted at about atmospheric pressure, however, higher or lower pressures can be used.
  • step a of Scheme 34 the compounds of Formula 34.1, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 and X are as previously defined, can be treated with an acid of Formula 34.2, wherein R8 is as previously defined, in the presence of N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and a base, such as N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), in a solvent, such as diethyl ether (Et 2 O), to yield compounds of Formula 34.3.
  • DCC N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • DMAP N,N-dimethylaminopyridine
  • Et 2 O diethyl ether
  • step a of Scheme 35 aminopyrazoles of Formula 35.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as previously defined, can be treated with phosgene and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) at about 80° C. in a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE).
  • DMAP N,N-dimethylaminopyridine
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as dichloroethane (DCE).
  • DMAP N,N-dimethylaminopyridine
  • DCE dichloroethane
  • step d treatment with an amine, as shown in step b, or an alcohol, as shown in step c, or a thiol, as shown in step d, generates a urea of Formula 35.2, a carbamate of Formula 35.3, or a carbamothioate of Formula 35.4, wherein R9 is as previously defined, respectively.
  • step a of Scheme 36 compounds of Formula 36.1, wherein X, R1, R2 and R3 are as previously defined, can be treated with a base such as triethylamine, carbon disulfide and a sulfonyl chloride such as 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride in a polar aprotic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) to yield compounds of Formula 36.2.
  • oxazolidin-2-one can be treated with an equimolar amount of a base, such as sodium hydride followed by compounds of Formula 36.2, in a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) to give compounds of the Formula 36.3.
  • the product of step b, (previous to work-up) can be treated with an electrophile such as iodomethane to give compounds of Formula 36.4 as demonstrated in step c of Scheme 36.
  • ureas of Formula 37.1 wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and X are as previously defined, can be reacted with a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a polar aprotic solvent such as THF followed by an acyl chloride such as pivaloyl chloride to yield acylated ureas of Formula 37.2, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and X are as previously defined.
  • a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as THF
  • an acyl chloride such as pivaloyl chloride
  • ureas of Formula 37.1 wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and X are as previously defined, can be reacted with a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a polar aprotic solvent such as THF followed by an alkyl halide such as (chloromethyl)(methyl)sulfane to yield alkylated ureas of Formula 37.2, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and X are as previously defined.
  • a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as THF
  • an alkyl halide such as (chloromethyl)(methyl)sulfane
  • ureas of Formula 37.1 wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and X are as previously defined, can be reacted with a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a polar aprotic solvent such as THF followed by a sulfonyl chloride such as methanesulfonyl chloride to yield sulfonylated ureas of Formula 37.3, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8, and X are as previously defined.
  • a base such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as THF
  • a sulfonyl chloride such as methanesulfonyl chloride
  • amines of Formula 38.1 wherein R6 is H or Me, can be reacted with an electrophile of Formula 38.2, wherein R8 and R9 are as previously defined, such as naphthalen-2-ylmethyl 3-(methylthio)propanimidothioate hydrobromide in a polar protic solvent such as ethanol followed by exposure to a base such as MP-Carbonate in a polar protic solvent such as methanol to give amidines of Formula 38.3, wherein R6 is H or Me, and R8 and R9 are as previously defined.
  • step a of the Scheme 39 compounds of the Formula 39.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined, can be treated with alcohols of the Formula 39.2, wherein R9 is as previously defined, in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide in a polar aprotic solvent such as THF at appropriate temperatures, to give the corresponding ethers of the Formula 39.3.
  • a base such as sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide
  • a polar aprotic solvent such as THF
  • thioethers of the Formula 39.5 can be obtained by treating compounds of the Formula 39.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R8 are as previously defined, with thiols of the Formula 39.4, wherein R9 is as previously defined, in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride in an aprotic solvent such as THF.
  • step a of Scheme 41 compounds of the Formula 41.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as previously defined, can be coupled to acids of the Formula 41.2, wherein R8 and R9 are as previously defined, in the presence of a coupling reagent such as EDC.HCl and a base such as DMAP in an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane to give phosphonates of the Formula 41.3.
  • a coupling reagent such as EDC.HCl and a base such as DMAP
  • an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane
  • step b of Scheme 41 phosphonates of the Formula 41.3, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R8 and R9 are as previously defined, can be treated with carbonyl compounds of the Formula 41.4, where R9 is as previously defined in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride in an aprotic solvent such as THF to give the corresponding alkenes of the Formula 41.5.
  • a base such as sodium hydride
  • an aprotic solvent such as THF
  • step a of the Scheme 42 compounds of the Formula 42.1, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, are as previously defined, can be treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride in the presence of a base such as triethylamine in an aprotic solvent such as dichloromethane to give amides of the Formula 42.2, where X, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, are as previously defined.
  • amides of the Formula 42.2 wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, are as previously defined, can be treated with an alkylating agent such as iodomethane in the presence of a base such as potassium tert-butoxide in a solvent such as THF to afford compounds of the Formula 42.3.
  • a base such as potassium tert-butoxide
  • a solvent such as THF
  • amides of the Formula 42.3, wherein X, R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, are as previously defined can be treated under basic conditions such as potassium carbonate and methanol to give the corresponding amines of the Formula 42.4.
  • Step 3 Preparation of methyl-(2-methyl-5-pyridin-3-pyrazol-3-yl)-amine
  • N-ethyl-1-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine was prepared as described in Example 1, Step 3: ESIMS m/z 203 ([M+H]).
  • N-methyl-1-phenyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine was prepared as described in Example 1, Step 3: ESIMS m/z 252 ([M+2H]).
  • N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-methyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine was prepared as described in Example 1, Step 3: ESIMS m/z 230 ([M+2H]).
  • Compound 8 was made in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 4 using 2-(methylthio)ethanol in place of 2-methylthioethylamine.
  • Compound 22 was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 15.
  • the reaction which started to slowly exotherm from 35° C. to 55° C. over 2.0 h, was stirred for a total of 16 h and vacuum filtered through a plug of Celite® to give a biphasic mixture.
  • the mixture was transferred to a separatory funnel, the bottom aqueous layer was collected and rotary evaporated (60° C., 50 mmHg) to dryness with the aid of acetonitrile (3 ⁇ 350 mL).
  • the resulting yellow solid was suspended in acetonitrile (150 mL) and allowed to stand for 2 h at room temperature followed by 1 h at 0° C. in the refrigerator.
  • the phases were separated collecting the white gelatinous precipitate and the aqueous layer together.
  • the aqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 ⁇ 200 mL) and the ethyl acetate extracts were combined, washed with brine (200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and rotary evaporated to give an auburn thick oil (160 g.).
  • the thick oil was suspended in hexane (1000 mL) and stirred at 55° C. for 2 h. This gave a light brown suspension.
  • the mixture was cooled to 0° C. and the solid collected by vacuum filtration and rinsed with hexane (2 ⁇ 10 mL).
  • the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered through a bed of Celite®.
  • the filtrate was transferred to a 4 L Erlenmeyer flask equipped with mechanical stirrer and diluted with water until the total volume was about 4 L.
  • the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature and the resulting solid was collected by vacuum filtration.
  • the solid was washed with water and washed with water and oven dried for several days in vacuo at 40° C.
  • Compound 172 was also prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 13.
  • Compound 317 was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 17 from tert-butyl (3-bromo-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbamate and also in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 13.
  • HCl 3-Bromo-N-methyl-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine, HCl was prepared as described in Example 26 from tert-butyl (3-bromo-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)(methyl)carbamate (160 mg, 0.45 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) was added 4M HCl: mp.
  • tert-butyl (3-cyclopropyl-1-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbamate (705 mg, 2.215 mmol, 71.9% yield) as a yellow solid
  • tert-butyl (1-(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbamate (242 mg, 0.870 mmol, 28.2% yield) as a yellow solid.
  • Compound 369 was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 35.
  • Compound 349 was prepared in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 47.
  • Step 1 Preparation of N-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)ethyl)-N-(3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-methyl-3-(methylthio)propanamide
  • Step 2 Preparation of N-(3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-3-(methylthio)propanamide (Compound 535)
  • Triethylamine (5.57 mL, 40.00 mmol) and methanesulfonyl chloride (2.85 mL, 36.60 mmol) were sequentially added to a stirred solution of ethyl 1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (4.80 g, 33.30 mmol) in dichloromethane (83 mL) at 23° C.
  • the resulting bright yellow solution was stirred at 23° C. for 20 h.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane.
  • 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(methylthio)propanoic acid can be prepared as demonstrated in the literature (reference Musker, W. K.; et al. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 51, 1026-1029).
  • Sodium methanethiolate 1.0 g, 14 mmol, 2.0 equiv
  • 3-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid 1.0 g, 7.2 mmol, 1.0 equiv
  • N,N-dimethylformamide 3.0° C.
  • the resulting brown suspension was allowed to warm to 23° C. and stirred for 24 h.
  • Tetrahydro-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid was made using the procedures disclosed in Heterocycles, 2007, 74, 397-409.
  • N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (2.60 g, 21.31 mmol)
  • 2-methyl-3-(tritylthio)propanoic acid (4.41 g, 12.18 mmol)
  • N1-((ethylimino)methylene)-N3,N3-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine hydrochloride (2.36 g, 15.22 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (20 mL) was added 3-chloro-N-ethyl-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine, 2HCl (3.0 g, 10 mmol).
  • N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (0.82 g, 6.73 mmol) and N1-((ethylimino)methylene)-N3,N3-dimethylpropane-1,3-diamine, HCl (1.76 g, 9.18 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with CH 2 Cl 2 (100 mL) and water (50 mL) and the organic phase separated.
  • N-(3-chloro-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N-ethyl-3-mercatopropanamide 100 mg, 0.322 mmol
  • sodium hydride 60% dispersion in oil, 13.5 mg, 0.34 mmol
  • the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min followed by addition of 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclopropane (60 mg, 0.35 mmol).
  • the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h and diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride and ethyl acetate.
  • Molecules 624, 625, 629, 633, 643 653 in Table 1 were made in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 89.
  • Molecules 622, 630, 645 in Table 1 were made in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 90.
  • the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (5 mL) and ethyl acetate (15 mL), and the organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (5 mL) and the combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give an oily residue.
  • Molecule 651 in Table 1 was made in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 96.
  • the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl and ethyl acetate and the organic phase separated.
  • the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give a light brown oil.
  • the mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (5 mL) and ethyl acetate (15 mL), and the organic phase was separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (5 mL) and the combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated in vacuo to give an oily residue.
  • Molecules 637, 639-642, and 652 in Table 1 were made in accordance with the procedures disclosed in Example 102.
  • reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 30 min. The reaction was again cooled at 0° C. and 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane (0.101 mL, 1.275 mmol) in THF (2.1 mL) was added. Reaction was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. LC-MS analysis indicated presence of two products, the major corresponding to the desired elimination product and the minor corresponding to the initial alkylation. Therefore, the reaction was cooled to 0° C. and transferred to a vial containing additional NaOMe (freshly prepared by mixing NaH (5.86 mg, 0.147 mmol) and MeOH (5.93 ⁇ L, 0.147 mmol) in THF (0.73 mL) at 0° C.
  • additional NaOMe freshly prepared by mixing NaH (5.86 mg, 0.147 mmol) and MeOH (5.93 ⁇ L, 0.147 mmol
  • reaction was diluted in EtOAc (5 mL) and quenched with H 2 O (5 mL). Aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3 ⁇ 10 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give a yellow oil.
  • reaction mixture was concentrated and the crude acid chloride was dissolved in DCM (0.3 mL) which was subsequently added to a pre-stirred solution of 3-chloro-N-methyl-1-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-amine dihydrochloride (0.100 g, 0.355 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (0.130 g, 1.065 mmol) in DCM (1.0 mL) and stirred overnight at room temperature.
  • the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated NaHCO 3 and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated.

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