WO2021097162A1 - Beneficial combinations with paenibacillus - Google Patents

Beneficial combinations with paenibacillus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021097162A1
WO2021097162A1 PCT/US2020/060343 US2020060343W WO2021097162A1 WO 2021097162 A1 WO2021097162 A1 WO 2021097162A1 US 2020060343 W US2020060343 W US 2020060343W WO 2021097162 A1 WO2021097162 A1 WO 2021097162A1
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spp
strain
active compound
plant
paenibacillus
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PCT/US2020/060343
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French (fr)
Inventor
Christoph Andreas Braun
Amy MOSELEY
A. Michael KLÜKEN
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Bayer Cropscience Lp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/25—Paenibacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof

Definitions

  • Paenibacillus is a genus of low GC-content, endospore-forming, Grampositive bacteria (Firmicutes). Bacteria belonging to this genus are prolific producers of industrially-relevant extracellular enzymes and antimicrobial substances, including non- ribosomal peptide classes like fusaricidin and polymyxin. Fusaricidins are known to have antimicrobial activity against various plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
  • EPS exopolysaccharides
  • Microbial EPS are water-soluble biopolymers which are attached to the cell surface and released into the extracellular medium. Due to their physicochemical and rheological properties these polymers have found commercial use as thickening active compounds in a wide range of industries including the food, feed, packaging, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.
  • the production of EPS results in increased viscosity of whole broth samples, in particular, as a result of high molecular weight species. Increased broth viscosity presents issues for bioreactor growth and downstream processing of broth material intended for live microbial whole broth products. Costly and work-intensive procedures can be required to remove the EPS from large-scale fermentation broth cultures before further processing.
  • the present invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a fungicide composition, which comprise as compound (a) a strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and as compound (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • a fungicide composition which comprise as compound (a) a strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and as compound (b) at least one further
  • the invention relates to fungicide and/or insecticidal compositions comprising such compound combination and to the use of the compound combinations and the fungicide or insecticide compositions as biologically active active compound, especially for control of phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection, control of insects or nematodes in crop protection and in the protection of industrial materials.
  • composition and “formulation” are used synonymously and refer to mixtures of an active compound combination of the invention and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary.
  • the present invention provides active compound combinations and compositions comprising said combinations which at least in some aspects achieve the stated objective.
  • the present invention provides active compound combinations comprising (a) a strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B- 67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • Compound (a) as well as compound (b) may comprise more than one active compound.
  • compound (a) may comprise more than one Paenibacillus sp. strain as described hereunder.
  • compound (b) may comprise more than one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest and/or active in plant growth promotion.
  • active compound (a) or (b) may also be referred to as component (a) or component (b).
  • Active compounds (a) and (b) of the present active compound combination may be present in a composition, which is obtained e.g., by mixing all active compounds with at least one agriculturally acceptable auxiliary.
  • Another way of obtaining a composition of all active compounds according to the invention is to mix a composition comprising an active compound (a) and another composition comprising a compound (b), wherein each of these compositions comprise the respective compound mixed with at least one agriculturally acceptable auxiliary.
  • the latter composition is composed of two formulations comprising one of compounds (a) or (b), respectively.
  • An “active compound active against at least one plant pathogen” refers to an active compound which is able to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of at least one plant pathogen. Plant pathogens include plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes. If an active compound is active against at least one fungi, it is a fungicide. [0012] An “active compound active against plant pest” refers to an active compound which is able to increase mortality of at least one plant pest. Plant pest includes insects, acari and nematodes. An active compound active against at least one insect is an insecticide, an active compound active against at least one nematode is a nematicide, an active compound active against at least one acari is an acaricide.
  • Active compounds “active in plant growth promotion” relate to those active compounds which action leads to an increased plant growth after germination compared to a control plant population which is not treated with said active compound (or another active compound active in plant growth promotion).
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp., strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain thereof; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp., strain NRRL B-67615; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one or more strains selected from the group consisting of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) a fungicide as described herein.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one or more strains selected from the group consisting of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and (b) a biological compound as described herein.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B- 67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) an insecticide as described herein.
  • the present invention provides active compound combinations comprising (a) a strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • the present invention relates to a combination comprising as compound (a), preferably a biologically pure culture of, a Paenibacillus sp. strain comprising a mutant DegU lacking a functional receiver domain or a functional DNA binding domain and/or a mutant DegS lacking a functional single binding domain or a functional ATPase domain, wherein the mutant DegU and/or the mutant DegS result in, in some embodiments liquid culture of, a Paenibacillus sp. strain with decreased viscosity compared to a Paenibacillus sp. strain comprising a wild-type DegU and a wild-type DegS.
  • the mutant DegU and/or the mutant DegS inhibit the formation of colonies of the Paenibacillus sp. strain with a mucoid morphology.
  • wild-type DegU and wild-type DegS include the amino acid sequences presented as SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 and as SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4, respectively.
  • the abbreviations and symbols are those usually used by a skilled person, i.e., Phe
  • the mutant DegU and/or the mutant DegS is a knockout or is truncated as a result of a premature stop codon.
  • the premature stop codon results in a mutant DegU truncated at position 218 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the mutant DegU comprises an amino acid substitution of a small residue to an acidic residue at position 109 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a small residue to a polar residue at position 228 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or an acidic residue to a polar residue at position 63 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 195 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a hydrophobic residue to a small residue at position 204 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 208 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a basic residue to a small residue at position 212 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and
  • the mutant DegU comprises SEQ ID NO: 2 with an amino acid substitution of G109D and/or A228T and/or D63N and/or N195A and/or I204A and/or T208A and/or H212A and/or L217A and/or K2017A and/or N211A and/or S214A; or a variant thereof having a conservative amino acid substitution.
  • the mutant DegS comprises an amino acid substitution of a hydrophobic residue to an aromatic residue at position 99 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 and/or an acidic residue to a basic residue at position 294 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 73 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or a small residue to a hydrophobic residue at position 190 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4.
  • the mutant DegS comprises SEQ ID NO: 4 with an amino acid substitution of L99F and/or E294K and/or T73A and/or A190V; or a variant thereof having a conservative amino acid substitution.
  • the Paenibacillus sp. strain is a mutagenized derivative strain and demonstrates increased fusaricidin levels compared to a non-mutagenized parental strain. In other embodiments, the Paenibacillus sp. strain is a mutagenized derivative strain and demonstrates decreased amylase expression and/or enzymatic activity compared to a non- mutagenized parental strain.
  • the decreased amylase expression and/or enzymatic activity occurs with an alpha-amylase protein comprising a sequence with greater than about 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10. In other aspects, the decreased amylase expression and/or enzymatic activity occurs with an alpha-amylase protein comprising a sequence with greater than about 95% sequence identity, greater than about 96% sequence identity, greater than about 97% sequence identity, greater than about 98% sequence identity, or greater than about 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10. In one embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein comprises SEQ ID NO: 9. In another embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein consists of SEQ ID NO: 9. In one embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein comprises SEQ ID NO: 10. In another embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein consists of SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the non-mutagenized parental strain is Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, or Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67129.
  • the non- mutagenized parental strain is Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67129, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306, or Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615.
  • the Paenibacillus sp. strain is Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain thereof.
  • a combination comprises (a) a fermentation product of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67306, more preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain thereof; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • the fungicidal mutant strain has a genomic sequence with greater than about 90% sequence identity to Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306, or, more preferably, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67615.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises, along with a compound (b), as compound (a) a strain selected from the group consisting of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615, more preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615, most preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention comprise (a), a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein, preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615, and at least one compound (b) selected from the following groups
  • Compound (b) is preferably selected from:
  • inhibitors of the ergosterol synthesis selected from the group consisting of (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid, (1.005) fenpropidin, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil, (1.011) imazalil sulfate, (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) myclobutanil, (1.015) paclobutrazol, (1.016) prochloraz, (1.017) propiconazole, (1.018) prothioconazole, (1.019) pyrisoxazole, (1.020) spiroxamine, (1.021) tebuconazole, (1.022) tetraconazole,
  • inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II selected from the group consisting of (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanil, (2.007) fluxapyroxad, (2.008) furametpyr, (2.009) Isofetamid, (2.010) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.011) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.012) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.013) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.014) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantio
  • inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III selected from the group consisting of (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim-methyl, (3.014) metominostrobin, (3.015) orysastrobin, (3.016) picoxystrobin, (3.017) pyraclostrobin, (3.018) pyrametostrobin, (3.019) pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) trifloxystrobin, (3.021) (2E)-2- ⁇ 2-[( ⁇ [(lE)-l-(
  • inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division selected from the group consisting of (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate-methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) 3- chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenylpyridazine, (4.010) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4- (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluor
  • compounds capable of having a multisite action selected from the group consisting of (5.001) bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram zinc, (5.017) oxine-copper, (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiram, (5.021) zineb, (5.022) ziram, (5.023) 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H- pyrrolo[3
  • compounds capable of inducing a host defense selected from the group consisting of (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) isotianil, (6.003) probenazole, (6.004) tiadinil;
  • inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (7.006) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinolone;
  • inhibitors of the ATP production selected from the group consisting of (8.001) silthiofam;
  • inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis selected from the group consisting of (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2- chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2- chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one;
  • inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis selected from the group consisting of (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.003) tolclofos-methyl;
  • inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (11.001) tricyclazole, (11.002) tolprocarb;
  • inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis selected from the group consisting of (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam); [0054] inhibitors of the signal transduction selected from the group consisting of (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin;
  • compounds capable of acting as uncoupler selected from the group consisting of (14.001) fluazinam and (14.002) meptyldinocap;
  • fungicides selected from the group consisting of (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) benthiazole, (15.003) bethoxazin, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) chinomethionat, (15.007) cufraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) flutianil, (15.012) fosetyl-aluminium, (15.013) fosetyl-calcium, (15.014) fosetyl-sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenone, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15.022) Oxathiapiprolin, (15.
  • the compound combinations according to the invention may comprise 1, 2 or even more compounds (b).
  • the compound combinations according to the invention comprise 1 or 2 compound(s) (b).
  • all compounds (b) are fungicides.
  • those compounds may be selected from different groups (1) to (15). For example, if one compound (b) is selected from group (1), the further compound(s) (b) may be selected from groups (2) to (15).
  • the expression “combination” stands for the various combinations of (a) and (b), for example in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e., one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
  • the order of applying the compounds (a) and (b) is not essential for working the present invention.
  • the weight ratio refers to the total amount of compound (b), i.e., to the sum of the amount of each compound (b) present in the combination. This applies mutatis mutandis if more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (a) are present.
  • Compounds (b) can be of the same type, e.g., two or more fungicides, or combination of different types, e.g., two or more fungicides, or combination of different types, e.g., a fungicide and a biological compound or a pesticide.
  • compounds (b) are present in the combinations according to the invention the individual compounds (b) can be present in a broad range of effective weight ratio. If for example 2 compounds (b) are present, which are in the following referred to as compounds (Bl) and (B2) the effective weight ratio of B1:B2, can vary for example in a range of 100:1 to 1:100, preferably in a weight ratio of 50:1 to 1:50, most preferably in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1 :20.
  • B 1 :B2 Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention with increasing preference in the order given are: 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85, 80:1 to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1:60, 55:1 to 1:55, 50:1 to 1:50, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1 to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.
  • ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention are: 95:1 to 1:1, 90:1 to 1:1, 85:1 to 1:1, 80:1 to 1:1, 75:1 to 1:1, 70:1 to 1:1, 65:1 to 1:1, 60:1 to 1:1, 55:1 to 1:1, 50:1 to 1:1, 45:1 to 1:1, 40:1 to 1:1, 35:1 to 1:1, 30:1 to 1:1, 25:1 to 1:1, 20:1 to 1:1, 15:1 to 1:1, 10:1 to 1:1, 5:1 to 1:1, 4:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:1, 2:1 to 1:1.
  • the active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be found on the Internet (e.g., http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides). The classification is based on the current IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme at the time of filing of this patent application.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention comprise (a) one of the Paenibacillus sp. strains described herein, preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615, and at least one compound (b) selected from the following groups
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-
  • AChE
  • GABA-gated chloride channel blockers preferably cyclodiene- organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.
  • Sodium channel modulators preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s- cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomer],
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Site I, preferably spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators preferably avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
  • Juvenile hormone mimics preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
  • Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
  • Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.
  • Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins selected from CrylAb, Cry 1 Ac, CrylFa, Cry 1 A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium.
  • Moulting disruptor in particular for Diptera, i.e., dipterans selected from cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
  • Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors preferably beta- ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
  • GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators preferably meta- diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide.
  • Baculo viruses preferably Granulo viruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.
  • GVs Granulo viruses
  • NPVs Nucleopolyhedroviruses
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators selected from
  • Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0213448 A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6- [(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN 103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1- dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl
  • Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0275503 A1) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3- (6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2- cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (known from WO 2007/040280 A1, WO 2007/040282 A1) (CAS
  • the weight ratio refers to the total amount of compound (b), i.e., to the sum of the amount of each compound (b) present in the combination. This applies mutatis mutandis if more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (a) are present.
  • Compounds (b) can be of the same type, e.g., two or more pesticides, or combination of different types, e.g., a pesticide with a biological compound or a fungicide.
  • compounds (b) are present in the combinations according to the invention the individual compounds (b) can be present in a broad range of effective weight ratio. If for example 2 compounds (b) are present, which are in the following referred to as compounds (Bl) and (B2) the effective weight ratio of B1:B2, can vary for example in a range of 100:1 to 1:100, preferably in a weight ratio of 50:1 to 1:50, most preferably in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1 :20.
  • B 1 :B2 Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention with increasing preference in the order given are: 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85, 80:1 to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1:60, 55:1 to 1:55, 50:1 to 1:50, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1 to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.
  • a compound (a) can be combined with a compound (b) selected from biological active compounds such as biological fungicides or pesticides or plant growth promotion.
  • biological active compounds comprise in particular bacteria, fungi, yeasts, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites.
  • biological control is defined as control of harmful organisms such as a phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of an active compound.
  • biological active compound is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and/or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control active compound.
  • mutant refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain.
  • the ’’parent strain is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis.
  • the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Known mechanisms of biological control active compounds comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root.
  • Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics have been used to control pathogens.
  • the toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
  • a “variant” is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
  • Hybridization refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues.
  • the hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner.
  • the complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multi-stranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these.
  • Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40°C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50°C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60°C in 1 X SSC.
  • a variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number.
  • a polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences.
  • NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, U.S. A.
  • ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Virginia 10110, U.S. A.
  • the biological active compound may be a bactericidally active compound.
  • Such bactericidally biological active compounds comprise
  • (Al) bacteria such as (Al.l) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE ® OPTI or SERENADE ® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051);
  • NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.;
  • Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.;
  • A1.9 Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g., TOPSEED ® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.);
  • A1.10 Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX ® from Sourcon Padena);
  • Pantoea agglomerans in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICALTM ED BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
  • (A2) fungi such as (A2.1) Aureobasidium pullulans strain DSM14940, strain
  • DSM 14941 or mixtures ofstrains DSM14940 andDSM14941 e.g., BOTECTOR ® and BLOSSOM PROTECT ® from Bio-Ferm, CH
  • Pseudozyma aphidis as disclosed in WO 2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae in particular strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR.
  • the biological active compound may be a fungicidally biological active compound or a biological active compound active against oomycetes.
  • Such biological active compounds comprise
  • (Bl) bacteria for example (Bl.l) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE ® OPTI or SERENADE ® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.2) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA ® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-30087 and described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (available as YIELD SHIELD ® from Bayer AG, DE);
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain BU F-33, (having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA ® product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19));
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKELTM from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Certis, U.S., having accession number FERM BP-8234, and disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC ® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.7) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens var. subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX ® from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.8) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as KODIAK ® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.9) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No.
  • DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO ® or TAEGRO ® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127- 5))(available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., Salem, Virginia or Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina as the fungicide TAEGRO ® or TAEGRO ® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J , having Accession No.
  • B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI ® WG and LIFEGARDTM from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.)(available as BMJ TGAI or WG from Certis USA); (Bl.ll) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 , having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD ® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAFTM from Novozymes)(available as ECOGUARDTM Biofungicide and Green Releaf from Novozymes); (B1.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS ® PLUS, VELONDIS ® FLEX and VELONDIS ® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX- 9060 fromCertis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL ® from ABiTEP, DE); (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO ® (WG) and PRESENCE ® (WP) from EMC Corporation); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No.
  • NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B1.20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B.1.21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No.
  • NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 e.g., HOWLERTM and ZIO ® from AgBiome Innovations, US
  • B1.22 Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g., CEDOMON ® , CERALL ® , and CEDRESS ® by Bioagri and Koppert);
  • B1.23 Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO- IRON ® and ACTINOVATE ® from Novozymes);
  • B1.24 Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g., GALLTROL-A ® from AgBioChem, CA);
  • B1.25 Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g., NOGALLTM from BASF SE);
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 e.g., AVOGREENTM from University of Pretoria
  • Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g., PRORADIX ® from Sourcon Padena
  • Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61
  • (B1.33) Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 e.g., BLIGHTBAN ® A506 by NuFarm
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 e.g., BLIGHTBAN ® A506 by NuFarm
  • Bacillus subtilis QST713 which is the active ingredient of the SERENADE product, and is included in the list above, at the time of filing U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051, QST713 was designated as a Bacillus subtilis based on classical, physiological, biochemical and morphological methods. Taxonomy of the Bacillus species has evolved since then, especially in light of advances in genetics and sequencing technologies, such that species designation is based largely on DNA sequence rather than the methods used in 1998. After aligning protein sequences from B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, B. subtilis 168 and QST713, approximately 95% of proteins found in B.
  • amyloliquefaciens FZB42 are 85% or greater identical to proteins found in QST713; whereas only 35% of proteins in B. subtilis 168 are 85% or greater identical to proteins in QST713.
  • B. subtilis the relevant scientific literature and regulatory documents, reflecting the evolving understanding of Bacillus taxonomy over the past 15 years. Due to these complexities in nomenclature, this particular Bacillus species is variously designated, depending on the document, as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens. Therefore, we have retained the B.
  • subtilis designation of QST713 throughout this application rather than changing it to B. amyloliquefaciens, as would be expected currently based solely on sequence comparison and inferred taxonomy. As regulatory authorities in various countries may require registration under any one of the possible taxonomic classifications, it is to be understood for purposes of this patent application that the strain deposited as Bacillus subtilis QST713 and assigned NRRL Accession No. B-21661 is equivalent to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713.
  • (B2) fungi for example: (B2.1) Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-8
  • NRRL B-50759 (TRICHO PLUS ® from BASF SE); (B2.10) Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (Isagro); Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI, having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120, (from Bi-PA), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol), strain LU132 (e.g., SENTINEL from Agrimm Technologies Limited), strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002387, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002388, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002389, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002390, strain having Accession No.
  • strain SKT-1 having Accession No. PERM P-16510, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11- 253151 A, strain SKT-2, having Accession No. FERM P-16511, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11- 253151 A, strain SKT-3, having Accession No.
  • CABI 353812 (e.g., BIOKUPRUMTM by AgriLife); (B2.16) Microsphaeropsis ochracea', (B2.17) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS02 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS 117 cell walls (CEREVISANE ® from Lesaffre; ROMEO ® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938, CNCM No.
  • Trichoderma virens strain G-41 formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD ® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD ® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.19) Gliocladium roseum strain 321 U, having Accession No. ATCC 10406, from W.F. Stoneman Company LLC; (B2.20) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No.
  • Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g., T-GRO from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.29) Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039, having Accession No. IMI 206039 (e.g., BINAB ® TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden); (B2.30) Trichoderma stromaticum, having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g., TRICOVAB ® by CEPLAC, Brazil); (B2.31) Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No.
  • NM 99/06216 e.g., BOTRY-ZEN ® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP ® from BioWorks, Inc.
  • B2.32 Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae ), having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG ® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.33) Verticillium chlamydosporiunr, (B2.34) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No.
  • strain ICC080 IMI CC 392151 CABI
  • BIODERMA AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.
  • Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039 (available as BINAB TF ® WP by BINAB Bio- Innovation AB, Sweden); Trichoderma stromaticum (available as TRICOVAB ® by Ceplac, Brazil); Tsukamurella paurometabola, strain C-924 (available as HEBERNEM ® by Gavac?); Ulocladium oudemansii, in particular strain HRU3 (available as BOTRY-ZEN ® by Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ); Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V.
  • Trichoderma fertile e.g., product TRICHOPLUS ® from BASF
  • Muscodor roseus in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548); mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 and Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC 080 (e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA ® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); Simplicillium lanosoniveum.
  • the biological active compound may be a plant growth promotion active compound.
  • plant growth promotion active compounds comprise
  • strain AQ30004 and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576), strain MBI 600 (e.g., SUBTILEX ® from BASF SE); (E1.3) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN ® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); (E1.4) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS ® from BASF SE); (E1.5) Bacillus subtilis rmi303 (RHIZOMAX ® from Biofilm Crop Protection); (E1.6) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA ® from Biofilm Crop Protection), strain SB3281 (ATCC # PTA-7542; WO 2017/205258), strain TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS ® from Novozymes), strain IN937a strain FZB42 (e.g., RHIZOVI
  • NRRL B-5015 Bacillus mycoides strain BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), strain EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), strain EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), strain BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (El.8) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B- 50917) or family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928), (El.9) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7 also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (El.10) Bacillus firmus, in particular strain CNCM 1-1582 (e.g., VOTIVO ® from BASF SE); (El.11) a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO ® (WG), PRESENCE ® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (El.12) Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g., MEPICHLOR ® from Arysta Lifescience, US); (El.13) Brady rhizobium japonicum (e.g., OPTIMIZE ® from Novozymes); (El.14) Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (El.15) Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g.
  • strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585); (E1.25) Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB- SK-5; (El.26) Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23; (El.27) Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837; (E1.28) Bacillus siamensis, in particular strain KCTC 13613T; (El.29) Bacillus tequilensis, in particular strain Nil-0943; (El.30) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); (El.31) Thiobacillus sp. (e.g., CROPAID ® from Cropaid Ltd UK); and
  • E2.1 Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus ) strain
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g., SENTINEL from Agrimm Technologies Limited
  • E2.7 Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI described in International Application No.
  • strain WCS850 CBS 276.92; e.g., Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations; (E2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain No. V08/002387, strain No. NMI No. V08/002388, strain No. NMI No. V08/002389, strain No. NMI No.
  • Plant growth promoting biological active compounds also include (F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as “inoculanf ’ to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health.
  • bacteria and fungi which can be added as “inoculanf ’ to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health. Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus
  • the biological control active compound is selected from:
  • Bacillus subtilis strain QST713/AQ713 a Paenibacillus sp. having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, Bacillus pumilus strain BU F-33; Bacillus subtilis strain BUI 814; Bacillus sp. D747; Bacillus subtilis var.
  • the biological active compound is selected from Bacillus subtilis strain QST713/AQ713; a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-8; Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237; Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446; Trichoderma viride strain B35, Metschnikowia fructicola strain NRRL Y-30752; Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG- 185-1, Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251, Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348.
  • Biological active compounds comprise bacteria such as spore-forming bacteria, root-colonising bacteria and bacteria which act as biological fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, or nematicides or as plant growth promotor.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention comprise (a), any one of the Paenibacillus sp. strains described herein, preferably strain NRRL B-67615, and (b) at least one compound selected from the following groups
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), or Bacillus cereus, in particular B. cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 or Bacillus firmus, strain 1-1582 (Accession number CNCM 1-1582) or Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B-30087), or Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397), or Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (Accession No. NRRL B- 21661) or Bacillus subtilis strain OST30002 (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-50421 Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (serotype H-14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1, or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428), Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria spp.
  • Beauveria bassiana in particular strain ATCC 74040, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660), Lecanicillium spp., in particular strain HRO LEC 12, Lecanicillium lecanii, (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain KV01, Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular strain F52 (DSM3884/ATCC 90448), Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (now: Isaria fumosorosea), in particular strain IFPC 200613, or strain Apopka 97 (Accesion No.
  • Paecilomyces lilacinus in particular P. lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain VI 17b, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (Accession Number CBS 122089), Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum rifai T39. (Accession Number CNCM 1-952).
  • Adoxophyes orana granulosis vims (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis vims (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis vims (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodopterafrugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV. 4) bacteria and fungi which are added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health:
  • Agrobacterium spp. Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia ), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., Streptomyces spp.
  • the (weight) ratio refers to the total amount of compound (b), i.e., to the sum of the amount of each compound (b) present in the combination. This applies mutatis mutandis if more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (a) are present.
  • Compounds (b) can be of the same type, e.g., two or more biological compounds, or combination of different types, e.g., a biological compound and a fungicide or a pesticide.
  • the individual compounds (b) can be present in a broad range of effective ratio. If for example 2 compounds (b) are present, which are in the following referred to as compounds (Bl) and (B2) the effective weight ratio of B1:B2, can vary for example in a range of 100:1 to 1:100, preferably in a weight ratio of 50: 1 to 1:50, most preferably in a weight ratio of 20: 1 to 1 :20.
  • B 1 :B2 Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention with increasing preference in the order given are: 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85, 80:1 to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1:60, 55:1 to 1:55, 50:1 to 1:50, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1 to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.
  • ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention are: 95:1 to 1:1, 90:1 to 1:1, 85:1 to 1:1, 80:1 to 1:1, 75:1 to 1:1, 70:1 to 1:1, 65:1 to 1:1, 60:1 to 1:1, 55:1 to 1:1, 50:1 to 1:1, 45:1 to 1:1, 40:1 to 1:1, 35:1 to 1:1, 30:1 to 1:1, 25:1 to 1:1, 20:1 to 1:1, 15:1 to 1:1, 10:1 to 1:1, 5:1 to 1:1, 4:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:1, 2:1 to 1:1.
  • ratios refer to biological compounds which are given (a) each in CFU; (b) in CFU and PFU; (c) PFU and PFU; (d) g and g.
  • biological compounds are of more different type, e.g., an extract (g) and a bacteria (CFU)
  • meaningful ratios have to be determined on a case by case evaluation.
  • a compound (a) can be combined with (b) safeners such as, for example, benoxacor, cloquintocet (-mexyl), cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole (-ethyl), fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen (-ethyl), mefenpyr (-diethyl), naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 2-methoxy-N-( ⁇ 4-[(methylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl ⁇ sulphonyl)benzamide (CAS 129531-12-0), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-l-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5- trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-l,3-oxazolidine (CAS 52), a
  • Colony forming unit is measure of viable microbial cells, in particular fungal and bacterial cells.
  • the ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is given in bacteria CFU:g chemical fungicide or pesticide (CFU:g).
  • CFU chemical fungicide or pesticide
  • the ratio of a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 10 18 CFU: lg to 10 4 CFU:lg.
  • the ratio of a Paenibacillus sp. strain to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 10 17 CFU:lg to 10 5 CFU:lg.
  • a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 10 15 CFU: lg to 10 8 CFU: lg.
  • a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 10 13 CFU:lg to 10 9 CFU:1 g.
  • a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 10 13 CFU: lg to 10 10 CFU: lg.
  • these rations refer especially to ratios between Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B- 67615 and a chemical fungicide or pesticide. Ratio of Paenibacillus sp. (CFU) to biological active compound (CFU)
  • a biological active compound is a bacteria or fungi
  • the amount of such a biological active compound can be measured in CFU.
  • the ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to a biological active compound is typically in a range from 1000:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:1 x 10 8 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) such as in a range from 1000:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:5500 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) or as in a range from 1:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:5500 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b).
  • the ratio is from 100:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:100 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b). In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 25:1 to 1:25 such as from 10:1 to 1:10. In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 4:1 to 1:4. In one embodiment, these rations refer especially to ratios between Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B- 67615 and a bacteria or fungi.
  • a biological active compound is a vims
  • the amount of such a biological active compound can be measured in PFU (plaque forming units).
  • the ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to abiological active compound is typically in a range from 1000:1 CFU compound(a) : PFU compound (b) to 1:1000 CFU compound(a):PFU compound (b). In another embodiment, the ratio is from 100:1 CFU compound(a):PFU compound (b) to 1:100 CFU compound(a):PFU compound (b). In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 25:1 to 1:25 such as from 10:1 to 1:10. In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 4:1 to 1:4. In one embodiment, these rations refer especially to ratios between Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615 and a vims.
  • a biological active compound is a plant extract, a product produced from a plant extract or a product formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites
  • the ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to such a biological active compound is given in bacteria CFU:g biological active compound (CFU:g).
  • CFU:g biological active compound CFU:g
  • strain as described herein to biological active compound such as acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER ® , is from 10 10 CFU:lg to 10 3 CFU:lg unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients.
  • the ratio of a Paenibacillus sp. strain to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 is from 10 9 CFU: lg to 10 4 CFU: lg.
  • a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 is from 10 11 CFU:lg to 10 5 CFU:lg such as 5 x 10 10 CFU:lg to 10 7 CFU/lg or in one embodiment from 10 8 CFU:lg to 10 5 CFU:lg.
  • a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 is from 10 7 CFU:lg to 5*10 5 CFU:1 g.
  • the Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615 having said ratios to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 .
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • strain NRRL B-50972 one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • strain NRRL B-50972 one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
  • an active compound combination comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972; and
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER ® , Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and
  • an active compound combination comprises
  • an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER ® , Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluopicolide.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluoxapiprolin.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Iprovalicarb.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Propamocarb.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al). [0153] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
  • Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Propineb.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluopyram.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Spiroxamine.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Tebuconazole.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Trifloxystrobin. [0158] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
  • Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and Bacillus subtilis strain QST713.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Pyrimethanil.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Prothioconazole.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and at least one copper salt selected from the group consisting of copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Mancozeb.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Oxathiapiprolin.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Metiram.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Mandipropamid.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Cymoxanil.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and phosphorous acids and its salts.
  • an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER ® .
  • the application rate of a Paenibacillus sp. strain as disclosed herein is between 1 x 10 3 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 20 CFU/ha.
  • at least one strain is present in an amount to be applied with an application rate of at least of 1 x 10 3 CFU/ha, such as between 1 x 10 3 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 20 CFU/ha.
  • each such strain should be present as active ingredient, it is understood that each such strain is present in an amount in a combination to allow an application rate of each such strain of at least 1 x 10 3 CFU/ha, such as between 1 x 10 3 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 20 CFU/ha.
  • the application rate of a strain in a method according to the invention is between 1 x 10 4 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 20 CFU/ha, between 1 x 10 4 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 18 CFU/ha, between 1 x 10 4 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 16 CFU/ha, between 1 x 10 5 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 20 CFU/ha, between 1 x 10 5 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 18 CFU/ha, between 1 x 10 5 CFU/ha and 1 x 10 16 CFU/ha.
  • the skille person can easily calculate the application rate of a compound (b).
  • the invention also relates to methods for controlling deseases or pests, in which combinations of the invention are allowed to act on deseases or animal pests and/or their habitat.
  • the control of the desease or animal pests is preferably conducted in agriculture and forestry, and in material protection.
  • Preferably excluded herefrom are methods for the surgical or therapeutic treatment of the human or animal body and diagnostic methods carried out on the human or animal body.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of combinations of the invention as pesticidal combinations, in particular crop protection active compounds.
  • the combinations of the invention having good plant tolerance, favourable homeotherm toxicity and good environmental compatibility, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs against biotic and abiotic stressors, for increasing harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, especially insects, arachnids, helminths, in particular nematodes, and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in aquatic cultures, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector.
  • the term “hygiene” is understood to mean any and all measures, procedures and practices which aim to prevent disease, in particular infectious disease, and which serve to protect the health of humans and animals and/or to protect the environment, and/or which maintain cleanliness.
  • this especially includes measures for cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation of, for example, textiles or hard surfaces, especially surfaces of glass, wood, concrete, porcelain, ceramics, plastic or also of metal(s), and for ensuring that these are kept free of hygiene pests and/or their excretions.
  • surgical or therapeutic treatment procedures applicable to the human body or to the bodies of animals and diagnostic procedures which are carried out on the human body or on the bodies of animals.
  • honeygiene sector thus covers all areas, technical fields and industrial applications in which these hygiene measures, procedures and practices are important, in relation for example to hygiene in kitchens, bakeries, airports, bathrooms, swimming pools, department stores, hotels, hospitals, stables, animal husbandries, etc.
  • Hygiene pest is therefore understood to mean one or more animal pests whose presence in the hygiene sector is problematic, in particular for health reasons. It is therefore a primary objective to avoid or minimize the presence of hygiene pests, and/or exposure to them, in the hygiene sector. This can be achieved in particular through the application of a pesticide that can be used both to prevent infestation and to tackle an infestation which is already present. Preparations which avoid or reduce exposure to pests can also be used.
  • Hygiene pests include, for example, the organisms mentioned below.
  • the term “hygiene protection” thus covers all actions to maintain and/or improve these hygiene measures, procedures and practices.
  • the combinations of the invention can preferably be used as fungicides, pesticides or plant growth promotion. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development.
  • the abovementioned pests include:
  • pests from the phylum of the Arthropoda in particular from the class of the Arachnida, for example Acarus spp., for example Acarus siro, Aceria kuko, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., for example Aculus fockeui, Aculus pointedendali, Amblyomma spp., Amphitetranychus viennensis, Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., for example Brevipalpus phoenicis, Bryobia graminum, Bryobia praetiosa, Centruroides spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermacentor spp., Eotetranychus spp., for example
  • the Insecta for example from the order of the Blattodea, for example Blatta orientalis, Blattella asahinai, Blattella germanica, Leucophaea maderae, Loboptera decipiens, Neostylopyga rhombifolia, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta spp., for example Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, Supella longipalpa,
  • Aedes spp. for example Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes sticticus, Aedes vexans, Agromyza spp., for example Agromyza frontella, Agromyza parvicornis, Anastrepha spp., Anopheles spp., for example Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles gambiae, Asphondylia spp., Bactrocera spp., for example Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chironomus spp., Chrysomya spp., Chrysops spp., Chrysozona pluvialis
  • Hymenoptera for example Acromyrmex spp., Athalia spp., for example Athalia rosae, Atta spp., Camponotus spp., Dolichovespula spp., Diprion spp., for example Diprion similis, Hoplocampa spp., for example Hoplocampa cookei, Hoplocampa testudinea, Lasius spp., Linepithema (Iridiomyrmex) humile, Monomorium pharaonis, Paratrechina spp., Paravespula spp., Plagiolepis spp., Sirex spp., for example Sirex noctilio, Solenopsis invicta, Tapinoma spp., Technomyrmex albipes, Urocerus spp., Vespa spp., for example Vespa crabro, Wasmannia au
  • Coptotermes spp. for example Coptotermes formosanus, Cornitermes cumulans, Cryptotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Microtermes obesi, Nasutitermes spp., Odontotermes spp., Porotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., for example Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hesperus',
  • Ctenocephalides spp. for example Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis', [0197] from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example Anaphothrips obscurus, Baliothrips biformis, Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni, Drepanothrips reuteri, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., for example Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella tritici, Frankliniella vaccinii, Frankliniella williamsi, Haplothrips spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Ta
  • Gastropoda for example Arion spp., for example Arion ater rufus, Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., for example Deroceras laeve, Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea spp., Succinea spp.;
  • Arion spp. for example Arion ater rufus, Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp.
  • Deroceras spp. for example Deroceras laeve, Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea spp., Succinea spp.;
  • plant pests from the phylum of the Nematoda i.e., phytoparasitic nematodes, in particular Aglenchus spp., for example Aglenchus agricola, Anguina spp., for example Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides spp., for example Aphelenchoides arachidis, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Belonolaimus spp., for example Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, Bursaphelenchus spp., for example Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Cacopaurus spp., for example Cacopaurus pestis, Criconemella spp., for example Criconemella curvata, Criconemella on
  • nematodes comprises all species of the phylum Nematoda and here in particular species acting as parasites on plants or fungi (for example species of the order Aphelenchida, Meloidogyne, Tylenchida and others) or else on humans and animals (for example species of the orders Trichinellida, Tylenchida, Rhabditina and Spirurida) and causing damage in or on these living organisms, and also other parasitic helminths.
  • plants or fungi for example species of the order Aphelenchida, Meloidogyne, Tylenchida and others
  • humans and animals for example species of the orders Trichinellida, Tylenchida, Rhabditina and Spirurida
  • a nematicide in crop protection is capable of controlling nematodes.
  • controlling nematodes means killing the nematodes or preventing or impeding their development or their growth or preventing or impeding their penetration into or their sucking on plant tissue.
  • the efficacy of the compounds is determined by comparing mortalities, gall formation, cyst formation, nematode density per volume of soil, nematode density per root, number of nematode eggs per soil volume, mobility of the nematodes between a plant or plant part treated with combinations of the invention or the treated soil and an untreated plant or plant part or the untreated soil (100%).
  • the reduction achieved is 25-50% in comparison to an untreated plant, plant part or the untreated soil, particularly preferably 51-79% and very particularly preferably the complete kill or the complete prevention of development and growth of the nematodes by a reduction of 80 to 100%.
  • the control of nematodes as described herein also comprises the control of proliferation of the nematodes (development of cysts and/or eggs). Combinations of the invention can also be used to keep the plants or animals healthy, and they can be employed curatively, preventatively or systemically for the control of nematodes.
  • the use of combinations of the invention may keep the plant healthy and also comprises a reduction of the damage caused by nematodes and an increase of the harvest yield.
  • nematodes refers to plant nematodes which comprise all nematodes which damage plants.
  • Plant nematodes comprise phytoparasitic nematodes and soil-borne nematodes.
  • the phytoparasitic nematodes include ectoparasites such as Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp. and Trichodorus spp.; semiparasites such as Tylenchulus spp.; migratory endoparasites such as Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus spp.
  • root-parasitic soil nematodes are, for example, cyst- forming nematodes of the genera Heterodera or Globodera, and/or root gall nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne.
  • Damaging species of these genera are, for example, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines (soya bean cyst nematode), Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode), these species being controlled effectively by the compounds described in the present text.
  • the use of the compounds described in the present text is by no means restricted to these genera or species, but also extends in the same manner to other nematodes.
  • Nematodes for the control of which a compound of the formula (I) may be used include nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne such as the Southern root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita), the Javanese root-knot nematode ⁇ Meloidogyne javanica), the Northern root-knot nematode ⁇ Meloidogyne hapla) and the peanut root-knot nematode ⁇ Meloidogyne arenariaf, nematodes of the genus Ditylenchus such as the potato rot nematode ( Ditylenchus destructor ) and stem and bulb eelworm ( Ditylenchus dipsaci) ⁇ , nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus such as the cob root-lesion nematode ( Pratylenchus penetrans), the chrysanthemum
  • Plants for the protection of which combinations of the invention can be used include plants such as cereals (for example rice, barley, wheat, rye, oats, maize and the like), beans (soya bean, aduki bean, bean, broadbean, peas, peanuts and the like), fruit trees/fruits (apples, citrus species, pears, grapevines, peaches, Japanese apricots, cherries, walnuts, almonds, bananas, strawberries and the like), vegetable species (cabbage, tomato, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, onions, spring onion, pepper and the like), root crops (carrot, potato, sweet potato, radish, lotus root, turnip and the like), plant for industrial raw materials (cotton, hemp, paper mulberry, mitsumata, rape, beet, hops, sugar cane, sugar beet, olive, rubber, palm trees, coffee, tobacco, tea and the like), cucurbits (pumpkin, cucumber, water melon, melon and the like),
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling coffee nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne coffeicola, Helicotylenchus spp. and also Meloidogyne paranaensis, Rotylenchus spp., Xiphinema spp., T ylenchorhynchus spp. and Scutellonema spp.
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling potato nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus coffeae, Ditylenchus dipsaci and of Pratylenchus alleni, Pratylenchus andinus, Pratylenchus cerealis, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus loosi, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus teres, Pratylenchus //lornei, Pratylenchus vulnus, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Trichodorus cylindricus, Trichodorus primitivus, Trichodorus proximus, Trichodorus similis, Trichodorus sparsus, Parat
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling tomato nematodes, in particular Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus cojfeae, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Paratrichodorus minor, Meloidogyne exigua, Nacobbus aberrans, Globodera solanacearum, Dolichodorus heterocephalus and Rotylenchulus reniformis.
  • tomato nematodes in particular Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans and also Pratylenchus brach
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling cucumber plant nematodes, in particular Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Pratylenchus thornei.
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling cotton nematodes, in particular Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Meloidogyne incognita, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and Rotylenchulus reniformis.
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling maize nematodes, in particular Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Paratrichodorus minor and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus delattrei, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus zeae, ( Belonolaimus gracilis), Belonolaimus nortoni, Longidorus breviannulatus, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne arenaria thamesi, Meloidogyne graminis, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne naasi, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera oryzae, Heteroder
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling soya bean nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Heterodera glycines, Hoplolaimus columbus and also Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus alleni, Pratylenchus agilis, Pratylenchus zeae, Pratylenchus vulnus, ( Belonolaimus gracilis), Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne hapla, Hoplolaimus co
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling tobacco nematodes, in particular Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus thornei, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae, Longidorus elongatu, Paratrichodorus lobatus, Trichodorus spp., Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Globodera tabacum, Globodera solanacearum, Globodera virginiae, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Rotylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp.,
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling citrus nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus coffeae and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus vulnus, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus porosus, Trichodorus, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne javanica, Rotylenchus macrodoratus, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema index, Criconemella spp., Hemicriconemoides, Radopholus similis and Radopholus citrophilus, Hemicycliophora arenaria, Hemicycliophora nudata and Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling banana nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus coffeae, Radopholus similis and also Pratylenchus giibbicaudatus, Pratylenchus loosi, Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus multicinctus , Helicotylenchus dihystera and Rotylenchulus spp.
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling pineapple nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus zeae, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus goodeyi., Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis and also Longidorus elongatus, Longidorus laevicapitatus, Trichodorus primitivus, Trichodorus minor, Heterodera spp., Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Hoplolaimus calif ornicus, Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Hoplolaimus indicus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus nannus, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Helicotylenchus erythrine, Xiphinema dimorphic audatum, Radopholus similis
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling grapevine nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus vulnus, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index and also Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus thornei and Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
  • Pratylenchus vulnus Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index and also Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus neglectus, Praty
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling nematodes in tree crops - pome fruit, in particular Pratylenchus penetrans and also Pratylenchus vulnus, Longidorus elongatus, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla.
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling nematodes in tree crops - stone fruit, in particular Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus vulnus, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Criconemella xenoplax and of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus cojfeae, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus zeae, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Xiphinema americanum, Criconemella curvata, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Paratylenchus hamatus, Paratylenchus projectus, Scutellonema brachyurum and Hoplolaimus galeatus.
  • the combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling nematodes in tree crops, sugar cane and rice, in particular Trichodorus spp., Criconemella spp. and also Pratylenchus spp., Paratrichodorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Heterodera spp, Xiphinema spp. and Cacopaurus pestis.
  • the combinations of the invention can optionally, at certain concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or active compounds to improve plant properties, as microbicides or gametocides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including active compounds against viroids) or as active compounds against MLO (mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (rickettsia-like organisms). If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other active compounds.
  • a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more pesticide(s).
  • a pesticide as used herein is an insecticide, a nematicide and/or an acaricide.
  • a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more insecticide(s).
  • a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more nematicide(s).
  • a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more acaricide(s).
  • Insecticides as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”.
  • Nematicide and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes.
  • nematode comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
  • Acaricide and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
  • the present invention further relates to compositions for controlling unwanted microorganisms, comprising the compound combination according to the invention.
  • the compositions may be applied to the microorganisms and/or in their habitat.
  • the composition comprises a a Paenibacillus sp. strain and one or more compound(s) b) and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary, e.g., carrier(s) and/or surfactant(s).
  • the composition may be composed of two ready-made formulations.
  • a carrier is a solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that is generally inert. The carrier generally improves the application of the compounds, for instance, to plants, plants parts or seeds.
  • suitable solid carriers include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts, in particular ammonium sulfates, ammonium phosphates and ammonium nitrates, natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, silica gel and synthetic rock flours, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
  • ammonium salts in particular ammonium sulfates, ammonium phosphates and ammonium nitrates
  • natural rock flours such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth
  • silica gel and synthetic rock flours such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
  • typically useful solid carriers for preparing granules include, but are not limited to cmshed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
  • suitable liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, organic solvents and combinations thereof.
  • suitable solvents include polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (such as cyclohexane, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, xylene, toluene, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride), alcohols and polyols (which may optionally also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol or glycol), ketones (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amide
  • the carrier may also be a liquefied gaseous extender, i.e., liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • a liquefied gaseous extender i.e., liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure
  • aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Preferred solid carriers are selected from clays, talc and silica.
  • Preferred liquid carriers are selected from water, fatty acid amides and esters thereof, aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons, lactams and carbonic acid esters.
  • the amount of carrier typically ranges from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 5 to 99.9%, more preferably from 10 to 99.5%, and most preferably from 20 to 99% by weight of the composition.
  • Liquid carriers are typically present in a range of from 20 to 90%, for example 30 to 80% by weight of the composition.
  • Solid carriers are typically present in a range of from 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 45%, for example 10 to 30% by weight of the composition. [0245] If the composition comprises two or more carriers, the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of carriers.
  • the surfactant can be an ionic (cationic or anionic), amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant, such as ionic or non-ionic emulsifier(s), foam former(s), dispersant(s), wetting active compound(s), penetration enhancer(s) and any mixtures thereof.
  • surfactants include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulfonic acid (such as sodium lignosulfonate), salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as castor oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl poly glycol ethers), substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols) and ethoxylates thereof (such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols (such a fatty acid esters of gly,
  • Preferred surfactants are selected from polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, castor oil ethoxylate, sodium lignosulfonate and arylphenol ethoxylates, such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate.
  • the amount of surfactants typically ranges from 5 to 40%, for example 10 to 20%, by weight of the composition.
  • auxiliaries include water repellents, siccatives, binders (adhesive, tackifier, fixing active compound, such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids, polyvinylpyrrolidone and tylose), thickeners and secondary thickeners (such as cellulose ethers, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan gum, modified clays, e.g., the products available under the name Bentone, and finely divided silica), stabilizers (e.g., cold stabilizers, preservatives (e.g., dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal), antioxidants, light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, or other active compounds which improve chemical and/or physical stability), dye
  • auxiliaries depends on the intended mode of application of the compound combination of the invention and/or on the physical properties of the active compound(s) present in said compound combination. Furthermore, the auxiliaries may be chosen to impart particular properties (technical, physical and/or biological properties) to the compositions or use forms prepared therefrom. The choice of auxiliaries may allow customizing the compositions to specific needs.
  • composition of the invention may be provided to the end user as ready-for- use formulation, i.e., the compositions may be directly applied to the plants or seeds by a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device.
  • a suitable device such as a spraying or dusting device.
  • the compositions may be provided to the end user in the form of concentrates which have to be diluted, preferably with water, prior to use.
  • composition of the invention can be prepared in conventional manners, for example by mixing the compound combination of the invention with one or more suitable auxiliaries, such as disclosed herein above.
  • the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of a compound combination of the invention .
  • effective amount denotes an amount, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound combination of the invention used.
  • the composition according to the invention contains from 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 98% by weight, more preferred from 0.1 to 95% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight, most preferably from 1 to 80% by weight of the compound combination of the invention.
  • composition of the invention may be in any customary composition type, such as solutions (e.g., aqueous solutions), emulsions, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders (e.g., wettable powders, soluble powders), dusts, pastes, granules (e.g., soluble granules, granules for broadcasting), suspoemulsion concentrates, natural or synthetic products impregnated with the compound combination of the invention, fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • the compound combination of the invention may be present in a suspended, emulsified or dissolved form.
  • compositions types are solutions, watersoluble concentrates (e.g., SL, LS), dispersible concentrates (DC), suspensions and suspension concentrates (e.g., SC, OD, OF, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME, SE), capsules (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g., LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g., GW, GF).
  • FEO dispersible concentrates
  • SC OD, OF, FS
  • the composition of the invention is in form of one of the following types: EC, SC, FS, SE, OD and WG, more preferred EC, SC, OD and WG.
  • the outlined amount of compound combination of the invention refers to the total amount of compounds (A) and (B) present in the compound combination of the present invention. If two or more representatives of any further component of the composition, e.g., wetting active compound, binder, are present, the outlined amounts of the respective component refers to the total amount of all representatives of said component, e.g., all wetting active compounds, all binders, all solvents and so on.
  • SL, LS Water-soluble concentrates
  • surfactant e.g., a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxy late
  • 20-40% by weight water-insoluble organic solvent e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon
  • This mixture is added to such amount of water by means of an emulsifying machine to result in a total amount of 100% by weight.
  • the resulting composition is a homogeneous emulsion. Before application the emulsion may be further diluted with water.
  • a suitable grinding equipment e.g., an agitated ball mill
  • 20-60% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2% by weight thickener (e.g., xanthan gum) and water to give a fine active substance suspension.
  • surfactant e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • thickener e.g., xanthan gum
  • Water is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substances.
  • binder e.g., polyvinylalcohol
  • a suitable grinding equipment e.g., an agitated ball mill
  • 20-60% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2% by weight thickener (e.g., modified clay, in particular Bentone, or silica) and an organic carrier to give a fine active substance oil suspension.
  • the organic carrier is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion of the active substances.
  • 50-80% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are ground finely with addition of surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and converted to water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e.g., extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed).
  • surfactant e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • the surfactant is used in such amount to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substances.
  • ⁇ -dispersible powders and water-soluble powders [0264] 50-80% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are ground in a suitable mill, preferably a rotor-stator mill, with addition of 1-8% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and such amount of solid carrier, e.g., silica gel, to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substances.
  • surfactant e.g., sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • solid carrier e.g., silica gel
  • a suitable mill e.g., an agitated ball mill
  • 5-25% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are comminuted with addition of 3-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5% by weight binder (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose) and such amount of water to result in a total amount of 100% by weight.
  • surfactant e.g., sodium lignosulfonate
  • binder e.g., carboxymethylcellulose
  • An oil phase comprising 5-50% by weight of the compound combination of the invention, 0-40% by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15% by weight acrylic monomers (e.g., methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules.
  • water-insoluble organic solvent e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon
  • acrylic monomers e.g., methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate
  • a protective colloid e.g., polyvinyl alcohol
  • an oil phase comprising 5-50% by weight of the compound combination of the invention, 0-40% by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon), and an isocyanate monomer (e.g., diphenylmethene-4,4'-diisocyanatae) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol).
  • a protective colloid e.g., polyvinyl alcohol
  • the addition of a polyamine e.g., hexamethylenediamine
  • the monomers amount to 1-10% by weight of the total CS composition.
  • compositions types i) to xiii) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, such as 0.1-1% by weight preservatives, 0.1-1% by weight antifoams, 0.1-1% by weight dyes and/or pigments, and 5-10% by weight antifreezes.
  • the compound combination of the invention may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial active compounds.
  • Examples of agriculturally beneficial active compounds include biostimulants, plant growth regulators/promotors, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo- ehitooligosaecharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrildns, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention have potent microbicidal activity and/or plant defense modulating potential. They can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi and bacteria, on plants. They can be particularly useful in crop protection (they control microorganisms that cause plants diseases) or for protecting materials (e.g., industrial materials, timber, storage goods) as described in more details herein below. More specifically, compound combination and the composition of the invention can be used to protect seeds, germinating seeds, emerged seedlings, plants, plant parts, fruits, harvest goods and/or the soil in which the plants grow from unwanted microorganisms.
  • Control or controlling as used herein encompasses protective, curative and eradicative treatment of unwanted microorganisms.
  • Unwanted microorganisms may be pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic vims, pathogenic oomycetes or pathogenic fungi, more specifically phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic vims, phytopathogenic oomycetes or phytopathogenic fungi. As detailed herein below, these phytopathogenic microorganims are the causal active compounds of a broad spectrum of plants diseases.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention can be used as fungicides.
  • fungicide refers to a compound or composition that can be used in crop protection for the control of unwanted fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes and/or for the control of Oomycetes.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used as antibacterial active compound.
  • they may be used in crop protection, for example for the control of unwanted bacteria, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, on plants comprising the step of applying the compound combination or the composition of the invention to the microorganisms and/or their habitat (to the plants, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which the plants grow), wherein the compounds (A) and (B) may be applied in a simultaneous, separate or sequential manner. If the single compounds are applied in a sequential manner, i.e., at different times, they are applied one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
  • unwanted microorganisms such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a method for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by phytopathogens comprising the step of simultaneously or sequentially applying one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof as defined herein and at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or active in plant growth promotion as defined herein to a plant or seed or a locus where said plant or seed is intended to be grown.
  • the present invention relates to a method for increasing crop yield and/or the quality of food commodities comprising the step of simultaneously or sequentially applying one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof as defined herein and at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or active in plant growth promotion biological control active compound as defined herein to a plant or seed or a locus where said plant or seed is intended to be grown.
  • Said applying is preferably effected as a foliar or soil application or as a seed treatment as described elsewhere in more detail.
  • Suitable substrates that may be used for cultivating plants include inorganic based substrates, such as mineral wool, in particular stone wool, perlite, sand or gravel; organic substrates, such as peat, pine bark or sawdust; and petroleum based substrates such as polymeric foams or plastic beads.
  • Effective and plant-compatible amount means an amount that is sufficient to control or destroy the fungi present or liable to appear on the cropland and that does not entail any appreciable symptom of phytotoxicity for said crops. Such an amount can vary within a wide range depending on the fungus to be controlled, the type of crop, the crop growth stage, the climatic conditions and the respective compound or composition of the invention used. This amount can be determined by systematic field trials that are within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a kit-of-parts comprising a biological control active compound selected from the group consisting of one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof as defined herein and at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or active in plant growth promotion as defined herein in a spatially separated arrangement.
  • a biological control active compound selected from the group consisting of one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof as defined herein and at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or active in plant growth promotion as defined herein in a spatially separated arrangement.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may be applied to any plants or plant parts.
  • Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
  • Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights.
  • Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties (“traits”) and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
  • Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
  • the plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
  • Plants which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following: cotton, flax, grapevine, fruit, vegetables, such as Rosaceae sp. (for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp.
  • Rosaceae sp. for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries
  • Rosaceae sp. for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also
  • Rubiaceae sp. for example coffee
  • Theaceae sp. Sterculiceae sp.
  • Rutaceae sp. for example lemons, oranges and grapefruit
  • Solanaceae sp. for example tomatoes
  • Liliaceae sp. Asteraceae sp.
  • Umbelliferae sp. for example lettuce
  • Umbelliferae sp. for example lettuce
  • Cicurbitaceae sp. for example cucumber
  • Alliaceae sp. for example leek, onion
  • peas for example peas
  • major crop plants such as Gramineae sp. (for example maize, turf, cereals such as wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for example sunflower), Brassicaceae sp. (for example white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, and oilseed rape, mustard, horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example bean, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for example soya bean), Solanaceae sp. (for example potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example sugar beet, fodder beet, swiss chard, beetroot); useful plants and ornamental plants for gardens and wooded areas; and genetically modified varieties of each of these plants.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e., said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses.
  • Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation.
  • Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, intemode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance.
  • Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • the compound combination according to the invention can be advantageously used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that received genetic material which imparts advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Therefore, it is contemplated that the present invention may be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic event(s) or a combination thereof.
  • a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific position (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome.
  • the insertion creates a novel DNA sequence referred to as an “event” and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and some amount of genomic DNA immediately adjacent to/flanking both ends of the inserted DNA.
  • trait(s) or transgenic event(s) include, but are not limited to, pest resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolerance, in which the trait is measured with respect to a plant lacking such trait or transgenic event.
  • Such advantageous and/or useful properties are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and/or yield, in particular improved growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, and increased resistance against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
  • Bt Cry or VIP proteins which include the CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof and also hybrids or combinations thereof, especially the CrylF protein or hybrids derived from a CrylF protein (e.g., hybrid CrylA-CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof), the CrylA-type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably the CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from the CrylAc protein (e.g., hybrid CrylAb-CrylAc proteins) or the CrylAb or Bt2 protein or toxic fragments thereof, the Cry2Ae, Cry2Af or Cry2Ag proteins or toxic fragments thereof, the CrylA.105 protein or a toxic fragment thereof, the VIP3Aal9 protein, the VIP3Aa20 protein, the VIP3A proteins produced in the COT202 or COT203 cotton
  • any variants or mutants of any one of these proteins differing in some amino acids (1-10, preferably 1-5) from any of the above named sequences, particularly the sequence of their toxic fragment, or which are fused to a transit peptide, such as a plastid transit peptide, or another protein or peptide, is included herein.
  • Another and particularly emphasized example of such properties is conferred tolerance to one or more herbicides, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin.
  • herbicides for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to certain herbicides on the transformed plant cells and plants mention will be particularly be made to the bar or PAT gene or the Streptomyces coelicolor gene described in WO 2009/152359 which confers tolerance to glufosinate herbicides, a gene encoding a suitable EPSPS (5 ⁇ Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-svnthase) which confers tolerance to herbicides having EPSPS as a target, especially herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, a gene encoding glyphosate-n
  • herbicide tolerance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g., WO 2007/024782), a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,855,533), genes encoding 2,4-D- monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and genes encoding Dicamba monooxygenases conferring tolerance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid).
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,855,533
  • genes encoding 2,4-D- monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
  • genes encoding Dicamba monooxygenases conferring tolerance to dicamba (3,6-d
  • Yet another example of such properties is resistance to one or more phytopathogenic fungi, for example Asian Soybean Rust.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of resistance to such diseases mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from glycine tomentella, for example from any one of publically available accession lines PI441001 , PI483224, PI583970, PI446958, PI499939, PI505220, PI499933, PI441008, PI505256 or PI446961 as described in WO 2019/103918.
  • transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars which can be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include Event 531/PV-GHBK04 (cotton, insect control, described in WO 2002/040677), Event 1143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128569); Event 1143-51B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event 17053 rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO 2010/117737
  • Event 17314 rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO 2010/117735
  • Event 281-24-236 cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in WO 2005/103266 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005- 216969
  • Event 3006-210-23 cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA- 6233, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event 3272 (corn, quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in WO 2006/098952 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-230473); Event 33391 (wheat, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-2347, described in WO 2002/027004), Event 40416 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11508, described in WO 11/075593); Event 43A47 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11509, described in WO 2011/075595); Event 5307 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-9561, described in WO 2010/077816); Event ASR-368 (bent grass, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4816, described in U.S.
  • Patent Application Publication No. 2006-162007 or WO 2004/053062 Event B16 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-126634); Event BPS-CV127- 9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in WO 2010/080829); Event BLR1 (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41193, described in WO 2005/074671), Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010- 0024077); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-130175 or WO 2004/039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Patent Application Publication No. 2006-070139 Event DAS-59132 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2009/100188); Event DAS68416 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO 2011/066384 or WO 2011/066360); Event DP-098140-6 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009- 137395 or WO 08/112019); Event DP-305423-1 (soybean, quality trait, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event DP-32138-1 corn, hybridization system, deposited as ATCC PTA-9158, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-0210970 or WO 2009/103049
  • Event DP-356043-5 sibean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010-0184079 or WO 2008/002872
  • EventEE-I brinjal, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 07/091277
  • Event Fil 17 corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031 , described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11041, described in WO 2011/063413), Event GA21 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-086719 or WO 98/044140); Event GG25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event GHB119 cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in WO 2008/151780
  • Event GHB614 cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010-050282 or WO 2007/017186
  • Event GJ11 corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event GM RZ13 (sugar beet, virus resistance, deposited as NCIMB-41601, described in WO 2010/076212);
  • Event H7-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004-172669 or WO 2004/074492);
  • Event JOPLIN1 (wheat, disease tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-064032);
  • Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, described in WO 2006/108674 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41660, described in WO 2006/108675 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-196127);
  • Event LLcotton25 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3343, described in WO 2003/013224 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-097687);
  • Event LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203353, described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Event LLRice62 rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203352, described in WO 2000/026345
  • Event LLRICE601 rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-2289060 or WO 2000/026356
  • Event LY038 corn, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-028322 or WO 2005/061720
  • Event MIR162 corn, insect control, deposited as PTA-8166, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event MIR604 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-167456 or WO 2005/103301); Event MON15985 (cotton, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004-250317 or WO 2002/100163); Event MON810 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002- 102582); Event MON863 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in WO 2004/011601 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event MON87427 (corn, pollination control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7899, described in WO 2011/062904); Event MON87460 (corn, stress tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in WO 2009/111263 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011-0138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-130071 or WO 2009/064652); Event MON87705 (soybean, quality trait - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9670, described in WO 2011/034704); Event MON87712 (soybean, yield, deposited as PTA-10296, described in WO 2012/051199), Event MON87754 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in WO 2010/024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event MON88017 corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-028482 or WO 2005/059103
  • Event MON88913 cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4854, described in WO 2004/072235 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event MON88302 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-10955, described in WO 2011/153186), Event MON88701 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11754, described in WO 2012/134808), Event MON89034 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7455, described in WO 07/140256 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008- 260932); Event MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event MSI 1 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA- 850 or PTA-2485, described in WO 2001/031042)
  • Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 2001/041558 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-188347)
  • Event NK603 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2478, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event PE-7 rice, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2008/114282
  • Event RF3 oileed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA- 730, described in WO 2001/041558 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-188347
  • Event RT73 oileed rape, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2002/036831 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event SYHT0H2/SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11226, described in WO 2012/082548), Event T227-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2002/44407 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-265817); Event T25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001-029014 or WO 2001/051654); Event T304-40 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event T342-142 cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128568
  • Event TC1507 corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • Event VIP1034 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3925, described in WO 2003/052073), Event 32316 (corn, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11507, described in WO 2011/084632), Event 4114 (corn, insect control- herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11506, described in WO 2011/084621), event EE- GM3/FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No.
  • PTA-11041) optionally stacked with event EE-GM1/LL27 or event EE-GM2/LL55 (WO 2011/063413A2), event DAS-68416-4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-10442, WO 2011/066360A1), event DAS-68416-4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-10442, WO 2011/066384A1), event DP-040416-8 (corn, insect control, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11508, WO 2011/075593 Al), event DP-043A47-3 (corn, insect control, ATCC Accession No.
  • transgenic event(s) is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and can be found on their website on the world wide web at aphis.usda.gov. For this application, the status of such list as it is/was on the filing date of this application, is relevant.
  • USDA United States Department of Agriculture
  • APIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
  • transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with particular emphasis being given to maize, soya beans, wheat, rice, potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco and oilseed rape.
  • Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased resistance of the plants to insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails, as well as the increased resistance of the plants to one or more herbicides.
  • Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases which may be treated in accordance with the invention include:
  • diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens for example Blumeria species, for example Blumeria graminis', Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha', Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerothecafuliginea', Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator
  • diseases caused by rust disease pathogens for example Gymnosporangium species, for example Gymnosporangium sabinae ⁇ Hemileia species, for example Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, for example Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae ⁇
  • Puccinia species for example Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis oder Puccinia striiformis', Uromyces species, for example Uromyces appendiculatus;
  • diseases caused by pathogens from the group of the Oomycetes for example Albugo species, for example Albugo Candida', Bremia species, for example Bremia lactucac, Peronospora species, for example Peronospora pisi or P. brassicaer, Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora infestans', Plasmopara species, for example Plasmopara viticola', Pseudoperonospora species, for example Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis', Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum;
  • leaf blotch diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria solanv, Cercospora species, for example Cercospora beticola', Cladiosporium species, for example Cladiosporium cucumerinum', Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium ) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus', Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum lindemuthanium', Corynespora species, for example Corynespora cassiicola', Cycloconium species, for example Cycloconium oleaginum', Diaporthe species, for example Diaporthe citrv, Elsinoe species, for example Elsinoe fawcettiii, Gloeosporium species, for example Gloeosporium laetico
  • root and stem diseases caused, for example, by Corticium species, for example Corticium graminearum', Fusarium species, for example Fusarium oxysporum', Gaeumannomyces species, for example Gaeumannomyces graminis', Plasmodiophora species, for example Plasmodiophora brassicac, Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solanv, Sarocladium species, for example Sarocladium oryzae; Sclerotium species, for example Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, for example Tapesia acuformis', Thielaviopsis species, for example Thielaviopsis basic ola ⁇
  • Corticium species for example Corticium graminearum'
  • Fusarium species for example Fusarium oxysporum'
  • Gaeumannomyces species for example Gaeumannomyces graminis'
  • Plasmodiophora species for example Plasmodi
  • ear and panicle diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria spp:, Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus', Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium cladosporioides', Claviceps species, for example Claviceps purpurea', Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmorunv, Gibberella species, for example Gibberella zeae ⁇ Monographella species, for example Monographella nivalis', Stagnospora species, for example Stagnospora nodorunr,
  • Alternaria species for example Alternaria spp:, Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus', Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium cladosporioides', Claviceps species, for example Claviceps purpurea', Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmor
  • diseases caused by smut fungi for example Sphacelotheca species, for example Sphacelotheca reiliana', Tilletia species, for example Tilletia caries or Tilletia controversy, Urocystis species, for example Urocystis occulta', Ustilago species, for example Ustilago nuda',
  • fruit rot caused, for example, by Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus', Botrytis species, for example Botrytis cinerea', Monilinia species, for example Monilinia laxa', Penicillium species, for example Penicillium expansum or Penicillium purpurogenum', Rhizopus species, for example Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotinia species, for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum', Verticilium species, for example Verticilium alboatrum',
  • seed- and soil-bome rot and wilt diseases and also diseases of seedlings, caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria brassicicola', Aphanomyces species, for example Aphanomyces euteiches', Ascochyta species, for example Ascochyta lends', Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus', Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium herbarum', Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium ); Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum coccodes', Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmorum', Gibberella species, for example Gibberella zeae ⁇ Macrophomina species, for example Macrophomina phaseolina', Microdochium species, for example Microdochium species, for example
  • degenerative diseases in woody plants caused, for example, by Esca species, for example Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Fomitiporia mediterranean Ganoderma species, for example Ganoderma boninense',
  • diseases caused by bacterial pathogens for example Xanthomonas species, for example Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae', Pseudomonas species, for example Pseudomonas syringae pv.
  • Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria spec, atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum), brown spot ( Septoria glycines), cercospora leaf spot and blight ( Cercospora kikuchii), choanephora leaf blight ( Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.)), dactuliophora leaf spot ( Dactuliophora glycines), downy mildew ( Peronospora manshurica), drechslera blight ( Drechslera glycini), frogeye leaf spot ( Cercospora sojina), leptosphaerulina leaf spot ( Leptosphaerulina trifolii), phyllostica leaf spot ( Phyllosticta sojaecola), pod and stem blight ( Phomopsis sojae), powdery mildew
  • Phytophthora megasperma phytophthora rot
  • brown stem rot Phialophora gregata
  • pythium rot Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum
  • rhizoctonia root rot stem decay, and damping-off
  • Rhizoctonia solani sclerotinia stem decay ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), sclerotinia southern blight ( Sclerotinia rolfsii ), thielaviopsis root rot ( Thielaviopsis basicola).
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention are effective against at least one of the following plant pathogens
  • Venturia Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia; Plasmodiophora; Helminthosporium, Phytium, Altemaria; Cercospora; Cladiosporium; Cochliobolus; Colletotrichum; Diaporthe; Gloeosporium; Corynespora; Guignardia; Elsinoe; Magnaporthe; Microdochium; Mycosphaerella; Pyrenophora; Pyricularia; Ramularia; Rhynchosporium; Botrytis, Phytophthora; Bremia; Peronospora; Plasmopara; Pseudoperonospora, Puccinia; Hemileia; Phakopsora; Uromyces; Blumeria; Podosphaera; Sphaerotheca; Uncinula, Fusarium, Septoria, Aspergillus; Cladosporium; Claviceps; Gibberella; Mon
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may reduce the mycotoxin content in the harvested material and the foods and feeds prepared therefrom.
  • Mycotoxins include particularly, but not exclusively, the following: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxin, fumonisins, zearalenon, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins which can be produced, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., such as F.
  • verticillioides and also by Aspergillus spec., such as A flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. claviforme, P. roqueforti, Claviceps spec., such as C. purpurea, C. fusiformis, C. paspali, C. africana, Stachybotrys spec, and others.
  • Aspergillus spec. such as A flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum
  • the present invention also relates to a method for reducing the mycotoxin contant in harvested material and foods and/or feed prepared therefrom, comprising applying the active compound combination or the composition according to the invention to a plant, plant parts, fruits, seeds or soil.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used in the protection of materials, especially for the protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by phytopathogenic fungi.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may be used as antifouling compositions, alone or in combinations with other active ingredients.
  • Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials which have been prepared for use in industry.
  • industrial materials which are to be protected from microbial alteration or destruction may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallpaper and board/cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, fibers and tissues, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with or destroyed by microorganisms.
  • Parts of production plants and buildings, for example cooling-water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air-conditioning units, which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected.
  • Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizes, paper and card, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, more preferably wood.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mold.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber.
  • Timber means all types of species of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be used to protect objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, especially hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, from fouling.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be employed for protecting storage goods.
  • Storage goods are understood to mean natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or processed products thereof which are of natural origin, and for which long-term protection is desired.
  • Storage goods of vegetable origin for example plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, may be protected freshly harvested or after processing by (pre)drying, moistening, comminuting, grinding, pressing or roasting.
  • Storage goods also include timber, both unprocessed, such as construction timber, electricity poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture.
  • Storage goods of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs and hairs.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mold.
  • Microorganisms capable of degrading or altering industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention preferably act against lungi, especially molds, wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi ( Ascomycetes , Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Zygomycetes), and against slime organisms and algae.
  • microorganisms of the following genera Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis', Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum', Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetancv, Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigrinus', Penicillium, such as Penicillium glaucum', Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans', Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophilcv, Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma virider, Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used to protect seeds from unwanted microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic microorganisms, for instance phytopathogenic fungi or phytopathogenic oomycetes.
  • seed(s) as used herein include dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds from unwanted microorganisms which comprises the step of treating the seeds with the compound combination or the composition of the invention, wherein the seeds may be treated simultaneously, separately or sequentially with the compounds (A) and (B).
  • the treatment of seeds with the compound combination or the composition of the invention protects the seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
  • the seeds treatment may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter.
  • the seeds treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of the compound combination or the composition of the invention, the seeds and the compound combination or the composition of the invention are mixed until an homogeneous distribution on seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried.
  • the invention also relates to seeds coated with the compound combination or the composition of the invention.
  • the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment.
  • seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and shortly after sowing. It is customary to use seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper.
  • the amount of the compound combination or the composition of the invention applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case the compounds contained in the compound combination of the invention would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
  • the intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of the compound combination of the invention to be applied to the seed in order to achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
  • the compounds contained in the compound combination of the invention can be applied as such, directly to the seeds, i.e., without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. They can be applied in a simultaneous, separate or sequential manner. Also compositions containing the compounds contained in the compound combination of the invention, such as the composition of the invention, can be applied to the seeds. [0341]
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention are suitable for protecting seeds of any plant variety.
  • Preferred seeds are that of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, millet, triticale, and oats), oilseed rape, maize, cotton, soybean, rice, potatoes, sunflower, beans, coffee, peas, beet (e.g., sugar beet and fodder beet), peanut, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamental plants. More preferred are seeds of wheat, soybean, oilseed rape, maize and rice.
  • the compound combination and the composition of the invention may be used for treating transgenic seeds, in particular seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress, thereby increasing the protective effect.
  • Seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress may contain at least one heterologous gene which allows the expression of said polypeptide or protein.
  • These heterologous genes in transgenic seeds may originate, for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium.
  • These heterologous genes preferably originate from Bacillus sp., in which case the gene product is effective against the European com borer and/or the Western com rootworm.
  • the heterologous genes originate from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • the compound combination of the invention can be applied as such, or for example in the form of as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, water- or oil-based suspensions, powders, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural products impregnated with the compound combination of the invention, synthetic substances impregnated with the compound combination of the invention, fertilizers or microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • Application is accomplished in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming or spreading-on. It is also possible to deploy the compound combination of the invention by the ultra- low volume method, via a drip irrigation system or drench application, to apply it in-furrow or to inject it into the soil stem or trunk. It is further possible to apply the compound combination of the invention by means of a wound seal, paint or other wound dressing.
  • the effective and plant-compatible amount of the compound combination of the invention which is applied to the plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds or soil will depend on various factors, such as the compound/composition employed, the subject of the treatment (plant, plant part, fruit, seed or soil), the type of treatment (dusting, spraying, seed dressing), the purpose of the treatment (curative and protective), the type of microorganisms, the development stage of the microorganisms, the sensitivity of the microorganisms, the crop growth stage and the environmental conditions.
  • the application rates can vary within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application.
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha, more preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha (in the case of application by watering or dripping, it is even possible to reduce the application rate, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used).
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 200 g per 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 to 150 g per 100 kg of seeds, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seeds, even more preferably from 2.5 to 12.5 g per 100 kg of seeds.
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 5000 g/ha.
  • the outlined application rates refer to the total application rates of compounds (A) and (B) present in the compound combination of the present invention.
  • the compound combination of the invention can be used in combination with models e.g., embedded in computer programs for site specific crop management, satellite farming, precision farming or precision agriculture.
  • models support the site specific management of agricultural sites with data from various sources such as soils, weather, crops (e.g., type, growth stage, plant health), weeds (e.g., type, growth stage), diseases, pests, nutrients, water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc., with the purpose to optimize profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment.
  • crops e.g., type, growth stage, plant health
  • weeds e.g., type, growth stage
  • diseases pests
  • nutrients e.g., water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc.
  • the compound of the invention can be applied to a crop plant according to appropriate dose regime if a model models the development of a fungal disease and calculates that a threshold has been reached for which it is recommendable to apply the compound of the invention to the crop plant.
  • the compounds of the invention can also be used in combination with smart spraying equipment such as e.g., spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • smart spraying equipment such as e.g., spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • Such an equipment usually includes input sensors (such as e.g., a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and configured to provide a decision based on the analysis of the input data to apply the compound of the invention to the crop plants (respectively the weeds) in a specific and precise manner.
  • positions systems e.g., GPS receivers
  • GIS geographic information systems
  • fungal diseases can be detected from imagery acquired by a camera.
  • fungal diseases can be identified and/or classified based on that imagery.
  • identification and/classification can make use of image processing algorithms.
  • image processing algorithms can utilize machine learning algorithms, such as trained neutral networks, decision trees and utilize artificial intelligence algorithms. In this manner, the compounds described herein can be applied only where needed.
  • Embodiment 1 An active compound combination comprising
  • strain NRRL B-50972 One or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
  • Embodiment 2 The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein the Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615.
  • Embodiment 3 The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is a fungicide.
  • Embodiment 4 The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is an pesticide.
  • Embodiment 5 The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is an biological active compound.
  • Embodiment 6 The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is an biological active compound.
  • Embodiment 7 The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of
  • Embodiment 8 The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
  • inhibitors of the ergosterol synthesis selected from the group consisting of (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid, (1.005) fenpropidin, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil, (1.011) imazaiil sulfate, (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) myclobutanil, (1.015) paclobutrazol, (1.016) prochloraz, (1.017) propiconazole, (1.018) prothioconazole, (1.019) pyrisoxazole, (1.020) spiroxamine, (1.021) tebuconazole, (1.022) tetraconazole, (1.023
  • inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex PI selected from the group consisting of (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim-methyl, (3.014) metominostrobin, (3.015) orysastrobin, (3.016) picoxystrobin, (3.017) pyraclostrobin, (3.018) pyrametostrobin, (3.019) pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) trifloxystrobin, (3.021) (2E)-2- ⁇ 2-[( ⁇ [(lE)-l-(3-
  • inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division selected from the group consisting of (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate- methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) 3-chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5- phenylpyridazine, (4.010) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6- methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6- difluor
  • inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, and (7.006) 3- (5-fluoro-3 ,3 ,4,4-tetramethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinolone,
  • inhibitors of the ATP production selected from the group consisting of (8.001) silthiofam,
  • inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis selected from the group consisting of (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-3 -(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)- 1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one, and (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4- yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one,
  • inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis selected from the group consisting of (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, and (10.003) tolclofos-methyl
  • (11) inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (11.001) tricyclazole, and (11.002) 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ⁇ 3-methyl-l-[(4- methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl ⁇ carbamate,
  • (12) inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis selected from the group consisting of (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, and (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam),
  • inhibitors of the signal transduction selected from the group consisting of (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, and (13.006) vinclozolin,
  • fungicides selected from the group consisting of (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) benthiazole, (15.003) bethoxazin, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) chinomethionat, (15.007) cufraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) flutianil, (15.012) fosetyl-aluminium, (15.013) fosetyl-calcium, (15.014) fosetyl-sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenone, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15.022) oxathiapiprolin, (15.
  • Embodiment 9 The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos- methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos- methyl,
  • Sodium channel modulators preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomer], esf
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators Site I, preferably spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators preferably avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
  • Juvenile hormone mimics preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
  • Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
  • Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.
  • Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin and etoxazole.
  • Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins selected from CrylAb, Cry 1 Ac, CrylFa, CrylA.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 selected from buprofezin.
  • Moulting disruptor in particular for Diptera, i.e., dipterans selected from cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
  • Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex P electron transport inhibitors preferably beta- ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
  • GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators preferably meto-diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide.
  • Baculovisuses preferably Granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.
  • GVs Granuloviruses
  • NPVs Nucleopolyhedroviruses
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators selected from GS- omega/kappa HXTX-Hvla peptide.
  • Patent Application Publication No.2014/0213448 A1 (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2- methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-
  • Embodiment 10 The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
  • (Bl) bacteria for example (Bl.l) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE ® OPTI or SERENADE ® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.2) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA ® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-30087 and described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (available as YIELD SHIELD ® from Bayer AG, DE);
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain BU F-33, (having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA ® product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19));
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKELTM from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Certis, US, having accession number FERM BP-8234, and disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC ® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.7) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens var. subtilis strain MB 1600 (available as SUBTILEX ® from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.8) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as KODIAK ® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.9) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No.
  • DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO ® or TAEGRO ® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127- 5)(available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., Salem, Virginia or Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina as the fungicide TAEGRO ® or TAEGRO ® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J , having Accession No.
  • B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI ® WG and LIFEGARDTM from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.)(available as BMJ TGAI or WG from Certis USA); (Bl.ll) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 , having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD ® biofungicide and GREEN RELEAFTM from Novozymes) (available as ECOGUARDTM Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAFTM from Novozymes); (B1.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS ® PLUS, VELONDIS ® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZO VITAL ® from ABiTEP, DE); (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO ® (WG) and PRESENCE ® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No.
  • NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B1.20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B.1.21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No.
  • NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 e.g., HOWLERTM and ZIO ® from AgBiome Innovations, US
  • B1.22 Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g., CEDOMON ® , CERALL ® , and CEDRESS ® by Bioagri and Koppert);
  • B1.23 Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON ® and ACTINOVATE ® from Novozymes);
  • B1.24 Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g., GALLTROL-A ® from AgBioChem, CA);
  • B1.25 Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g., NOGALLTM from BASF SE);
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 e.g., AVOGREENTM from University of Pretoria
  • Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g., PRORADIX ® from Sourcon Padena
  • Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61
  • (B1.33) Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 e.g., BLIGHTBAN ® A506 by NuFarm
  • Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 e.g., BLIGHTBAN ® A506 by NuFarm
  • (B2) fungi for example: (B2.1) Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-8
  • NRRL B-50759 (TRICHO PLUS ® from BASF SE); (B2.10) Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (Isagro); Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI, having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol), strain LU132 (e.g., Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited), strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002387, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002388, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002389, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002390, strain having Accession No.
  • strain SKT-1 having Accession No. FERM P-16510, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A, strain SKT-2, having Accession No. FERM P-16511, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A, strain SKT-3, having Accession No.
  • CABI 353812 (e.g., BIOKUPRUMTM by AgriLife); (B2.16) Microsphaeropsis ochracea', (B2.17) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS02 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS 117 cell walls (CEREVISANE ® from Lesaffre; ROMEO ® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938, CNCM No.
  • Trichoderma virens strain G-41 formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD ® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD ® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.19) Gliocladium roseum strain 321 U, having Accession No. ATCC 10406, from W.F. Stoneman Company LLC; (B2.20) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No.
  • Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g., T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.29) Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039, having Accession No. IMI 206039 (e.g., BINAB ® TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden); (B2.30) Trichoderma stromaticum, having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g., TRICOVAB ® by CEPLAC, Brazil); (B2.31) Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No.
  • NM 99/06216 e.g., BOTRY-ZEN ® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP ® from BioWorks, Inc.
  • B2.32 Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae ), having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG ® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.33) Verticillium chlamydosporiimr, (B2.34) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No.
  • strain ICC080 IMI CC 392151 CABI
  • BIODERMA AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.
  • Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039 (available as BINAB TF ® WP by BINAB Bio- Innovation AB, Sweden); Trichoderma stromaticum (available as TRICOVAB ® by Ceplac, Brazil); Tsukamurella paurometabola, strain C-924 (available as HEBERNEM ® by Gavac); Ulocladium oudemansii, in particular strain HRU3 (available as BOTRY-ZEN ® by Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ); Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V dahliae), strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92); Trichoderma fertile (e.g., product TrichoPlus from BASF); Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No.
  • Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 and Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC 080 e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA ® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
  • Simplicillium lanosoniveum e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA ® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.
  • Embodiment 11 The combination according to embodiment 1 , wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
  • strain AQ30004 and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576), strain MBI 600 (e.g., SUBTILEX ® from BASF SE); (E1.3) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN ® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); (E1.4) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS ® from BASF SE); (E1.5) Bacillus subtilis mi303 (RHIZOMAX ® from Biofilm Crop Protection); (E1.6) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA ® from Biofilm Crop Protection), strain SB3281 (ATCC # PTA-7542; WO 2017/205258), strain TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS ® from Novozymes), strain IN937a strain FZB42 (e.g., RHIZOVITAL ®
  • NRRL B-5015 Bacillus mycoides strain BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), strain EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), strain EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), strain BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (E1.8) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B- 50917) or family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928), (E1.9) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7 also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (E1.10) Bacillus firmus, in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g., VOTIVO ® from BASF SE); (El.ll) a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO ® (WG), PRESENCE ® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (EL 12) Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g., MEPICHLOR ® from Arysta Lifescience, US); (E1.13) Brady rhizobium japonicum (e.g., OPTIMIZE ® from Novozymes); (EL 14) Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (E1.15) Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NOD
  • strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585); (E1.25) Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB- SK-5; (El.26) Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23; (El.27) Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837; (E1.28) Bacillus siamensis, in particular strain KCTC 13613T; (El.29) Bacillus tequilensis, in particular strain Nil-0943; (El.30) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); (El.31) Thiobacillus sp. (e.g., CROPAID ® from Cropaid Ltd UK); and
  • (E2) fungi selected from (E2.1) Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as
  • Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g., BIO ACT ® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (E2.2) Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (e.g., JUMPSTART ® from Acceleron BioAg), (E2.3) Talaromyces flavus, strain VI 17b; (E2.4) Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g., ESQUIVE ® WP from Agrauxine, FR), (E2.5) Trichoderma viride, e.g., strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk.
  • strain WCS850 CBS 276.92; e.g., Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations; (E2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain No. V08/002387, strain No. NMI No. V08/002388, strain No. NMI No. V08/002389, strain No. NMI No.
  • Embodiment 12 The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), or Bacillus cereus, in particular B. cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 or Bacillus firmus, strain 1-1582 (Accession number CNCM 1-1582) or Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B-30087), or Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397), or Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (Accession No. NRRL B- 21661) or Bacillus subtilis strain OST 30002 (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-50421 Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (serotype H-14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1, or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428), Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria spp.
  • Beauveria bassiana in particular strain ATCC 74040, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660), Lecanicillium spp., in particular strain HRO LEC 12, Lecanicillium lecanii, (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain KV01, Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular strain L52 (DSM3884/ATCC 90448), Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (now: Isaria fumosorosea), in particular strain ILPC 200613, or strain Apopka 97 (Accesion No.
  • Paecilomyces lilacinus in particular P. lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain VI 17b, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (Accession Number CBS 122089), Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum rifai T39. (Accession Number CNCM 1-952).
  • Adoxophyes orana granulosis vims (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis vims (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis vims (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodopterafrugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV.
  • bacteria and fungi which are added as “inoculant” to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health:
  • Agrobacterium spp. Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., Streptomyces spp.
  • Embodiment 13 The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of benoxacor, cloquintocet (-mexyl), cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole (-ethyl), fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen (-ethyl), mefenpyr (- diethyl), naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 2-methoxy-N-( ⁇ 4-
  • Embodiment 14 The active compound combination according to any one of the preceeding embodiments, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE ® ), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA ® ), Trichoderma harzianum GNA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER ® ) with the proviso that an active compound combination does not comprise bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular
  • Embodiment 15 The active compound combination according to Embodiment 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE ® ), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA ® ), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til.
  • the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium),
  • Embodiment 16 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopyram and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02)
  • Embodiment 17 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Trifloxystrobin and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 10 10 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 10 12 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.3125 to 1:0.0005)
  • Embodiment 18 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mefentrifluconazole and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.005 to 1:0.625)
  • Embodiment 19 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Spiroxamine and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 10 10 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.85 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:2.5)
  • Embodiment 20 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Chlorothalonil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.16 x 10 12 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.004)
  • Embodiment 21 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mancozeb and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 3.71 x 10 8 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:12.5 to 1:0.5)
  • Embodiment 22 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium) and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 10 7 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.5 to 1:62.5)
  • Embodiment 23 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is copper oxychloride and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85x 10 10 CFU (a): lg (b) to 4.64 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.25 to 1:0.01)
  • Embodiment 24 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Sulfur and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 10 7 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:312.5 to 1:0.5)
  • Embodiment 25 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopicolide and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02)
  • Embodiment 26 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Isotianil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 10 10 CFU (a):l g (b) to 7.42 x 10 7 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:62.5)
  • Embodiment 27 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU (a):2.7 x 10 7 CFU (b) to 1 CFU (a): 1:2.2 x 10 5 CFU (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:25 to 1:0,2) [0388] Embodiment 28: A method to control Oomycetes by applying a combination of (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp.
  • Embodiment 29 A method to control Powdery Mildew by applying a combination of (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER ® , Sulphur or any of the combinations referred to in Embodiments 14 to 27.
  • a strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B
  • Embodiment 30 A method to control Altemaria by applying a combination of (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B- 50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B- 67615; and Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole Chlrothalonil or any of the combinations referred to in Embodiments 14 to 27.
  • a strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B- 50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B- 67615
  • Trifloxystrobin Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole Chlrothalon
  • Embodiment 31 A seed coated with the active compound combination according to embodiment 1 or or any of the combinations referred to in Embodiments 14 to 27.
  • Embodiment 32 Kit-of-parts comprising a biological control active compound selected from the group consisting of one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and at least one further active compound (b) as defined in embodiment 1 or or any of the embodiments 14 to 27 in a spatially separated arrangement.
  • a biological control active compound selected from the group consisting of one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and at least one further active compound (b) as defined in embodiment 1 or or any of the embodiments 14 to 27 in a spatially separated arrangement.
  • Embodiment 36 An active compound combination comprising
  • strain NRRL B-50972 One or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
  • an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper (2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, and bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER
  • Embodiment 37 The active compound combination according to embodiment 19, wherein the Paenibacillus sp. strain is strain NRRL B-67615.
  • Embodiment 38 An active compound combination comprising
  • an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper (2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl- aluminium), Copper oxy
  • Embodiment 39 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 38, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts or from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyl
  • Embodiment 40 The active compound combination according to any one of embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl- Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE ® ), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA ® ), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER ® ).
  • the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlor
  • Embodiment 41 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE ® ), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA ® ), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til.
  • the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl
  • Embodiment 42 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopyram and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 43 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Trifloxystrobin and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 10 10 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 10 12 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.3125 to 1:0.0005 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 44 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mefentrifluconazole and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b).
  • Embodiment 45 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Spiroxamine and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 10 10 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.85 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:2.5 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 46 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Chlorothalonil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.16 x 10 12 CFU (a): lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.004 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 47 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mancozeb and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 3.71 x 10 8 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:12.5 to 1:0.5 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 48 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium) and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 10 7 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.5 to 1:62.5 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 49 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is copper oxychloride and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 10 10 CFU (a):lg (b) to 4.64 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.25 to 1:0.01 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 50 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Sulfur and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 10 7 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:312.5 to 1:0.5 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 51 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopicolide and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 10 9 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 10 11 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 52 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Isotianil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 10 10 CFU (a):l g (b) to 7.42 x 10 7 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:62.5 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 53 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU (a):2.7 x 10 7 CFU (b) to 1 CFU (a): 1:2.2 x 10 5 CFU (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:25 to 1:0.2 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 54 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Bacillus pumilus QST2808 and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU (a): 1080 CFU (b) to 1 CFU (a):5400 CFU (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:1 to 1:5 in the examples)
  • Embodiment 55 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Trichoderma harzianum INA Til and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU
  • Embodiment 56 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 38, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, and Sulphur.
  • the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, and Sulphur.
  • Embodiment 57 The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 38, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole, and Chlrothalonil.
  • Embodiment 58 The active compound combination according to any one of embodiments 36 to 57 additionally comprising at least one auxiliary selected from the group consisting of extenders, solvents, spontaneity promoters, carriers, emulsifiers, dispersants, frost protectants, thickeners and adjuvants.
  • Embodiment 59 A method to control Oomycetes by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRE B-67615 and an active compound
  • Embodiment 60 A method according to embodiment 26, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl- aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SEREN
  • Embodiment 61 A method to control Powdery Mildew by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER ® , Sulphur or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl- Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur
  • Embodiment 62 A method to control Powdery Mildew by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808.
  • Embodiment 63 A method to control Altemaria by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole, and Chlrothalonil.
  • Embodiment 64 A seed coated with the active compound combination according to any one of embodiment 36 to 58.
  • Embodiment 65 Kit-of-parts comprising Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67615; and at least one further active compound (b) as defined in any one of embodiments 39 to 55, in a spatially separated arrangement.
  • a synergistic effect of fungicides is always present when the fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations exceeds the total of the activities of the active compounds when applied individually.
  • the expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated as follows (cf. Colby, S.R., “Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations”, Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22):
  • X is the efficacy when active compound A is applied at an application rate of m ppm (or g/ha)
  • Y is the efficacy when active compound B is applied at an application rate of n ppm (or g/ha)
  • E is the efficacy when the active compounds A and B are applied at application rates of m and n ppm (or g/ha), respectively, and then
  • the degree of efficacy, expressed in % is denoted. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
  • Wells of 96-well microtiter plates are filled with 10 pi of a preparation of test compound or compound combination in methanol + emulsifier alkylaryl-polyglycol-ether. Thereafter, the solvent is evaporated in a hood. At the next step, into each well 100 m ⁇ of liquid growth medium is given, that has been amended with an appropriate concentration of spores or mycelium suspension of the test fungus.
  • microtiter plates are incubated for 3 to 7 days at 20°C and 85% relative humidity. After the incubation inhibition of growth is determined photometrically. Efficacy is calculated in relation to the untreated control, 0% efficacy means fungal growth as high as in untreated control while 100% efficacy means no fungal growth is measured.
  • Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67615 (applied as whole broth concentrate, including residual fermentation broth, and containing 9.27 x 10 5 CFU/g) in combination with (2.005) FLU Fluopyram (3.020) TFS Trifloxystrobin (1.055) MEZ Mefentrifluconazole (1.020) SPX Spiroxamine (5.004) CLT Chlorothalonil (5.013) MCZ mancozeb (15.012) FEA Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium)
  • E1.2 BSQ SERENADE ® ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713) applied as whole broth concentrate, including residual fermentation broth, and containing 1.0 x 10 12 CFU/L).
  • B1.2 AQP SONATA ® ( Bacillus pumilus QST2808) applied as whole broth concentrate, including residual fermentation broth, and containing 1.0 x 10 9 CFU/L).
  • PTR Trichoderma harzianum INA Til applied as granulare with 1% w/w Trichoderma harzianum INA Til (1.5 x 10 8 CFU/g).
  • the ratio of 1:0.0125 e.g., 8 ppm Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67615 as mixing partner (a) and 0.1 ppm TFS (Trifloxystrobin) as mixing partner (b)
  • the ratio of 1:0.0125 refers to a ratio of 9.27E12 CFUs of Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67615/g TFS. All other conversions of ratios in ppm/ppm to ratios in CFU/g can be performed by rule of proportion.
  • Table Al in vitro - Test with Alternaria alternata
  • Table Bl in vitro - Test with Botrytis cinerea
  • X is the efficacy expressed in % mortality of the untreated control for test compound A at a concentration of m ppm respectively m g/ha,
  • Y is the efficacy expressed in % mortality of the untreated control for test compound B at a concentration of n ppm respectively n g/ha
  • E is the efficacy expressed in % mortality of the untreated control using the mixture of A and B at m and n ppm respectively m and n g /ha

Abstract

The present invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a fungicide composition, which comprise as compound (a) one or more Paenibacillus sp. strain; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen, and/or plant pest and/or active in plant growth promotion.

Description

BENEFICIAL COMBINATIONS WITH PAENIBACILLUS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/934,926, filed November 13, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY [0002] The official copy of the sequence listing is submitted electronically via EFS-Web as an ASCII-formatted sequence listing with a file named “BCS199011_WO_ST25.txt” created on November 9, 2020, and having a size of 29 kilobytes, and is filed concurrently with the specification. The sequence listing contained in this ASCII-formatted document is part of the specification and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Paenibacillus is a genus of low GC-content, endospore-forming, Grampositive bacteria (Firmicutes). Bacteria belonging to this genus are prolific producers of industrially-relevant extracellular enzymes and antimicrobial substances, including non- ribosomal peptide classes like fusaricidin and polymyxin. Fusaricidins are known to have antimicrobial activity against various plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria.
[0004] Many Paenibacillus species are prolific producers of exopolysaccharides (EPS). Microbial EPS are water-soluble biopolymers which are attached to the cell surface and released into the extracellular medium. Due to their physicochemical and rheological properties these polymers have found commercial use as thickening active compounds in a wide range of industries including the food, feed, packaging, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The production of EPS results in increased viscosity of whole broth samples, in particular, as a result of high molecular weight species. Increased broth viscosity presents issues for bioreactor growth and downstream processing of broth material intended for live microbial whole broth products. Costly and work-intensive procedures can be required to remove the EPS from large-scale fermentation broth cultures before further processing.
[0005] The present invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a fungicide composition, which comprise as compound (a) a strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and as compound (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion. Moreover, the invention relates to fungicide and/or insecticidal compositions comprising such compound combination and to the use of the compound combinations and the fungicide or insecticide compositions as biologically active active compound, especially for control of phytopathogenic fungi in crop protection, control of insects or nematodes in crop protection and in the protection of industrial materials.
[0006] Throughout this application the terms “composition” and “formulation” are used synonymously and refer to mixtures of an active compound combination of the invention and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary.
[0007] The present invention provides active compound combinations and compositions comprising said combinations which at least in some aspects achieve the stated objective.
[0008] Accordingly, the present invention provides active compound combinations comprising (a) a strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B- 67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0009] Compound (a) as well as compound (b) may comprise more than one active compound. For example, compound (a) may comprise more than one Paenibacillus sp. strain as described hereunder. Equally, compound (b) may comprise more than one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest and/or active in plant growth promotion. In such cases, such active compound (a) or (b) may also be referred to as component (a) or component (b).
[0010] Active compounds (a) and (b) of the present active compound combination may be present in a composition, which is obtained e.g., by mixing all active compounds with at least one agriculturally acceptable auxiliary. Another way of obtaining a composition of all active compounds according to the invention is to mix a composition comprising an active compound (a) and another composition comprising a compound (b), wherein each of these compositions comprise the respective compound mixed with at least one agriculturally acceptable auxiliary. In other words, the latter composition is composed of two formulations comprising one of compounds (a) or (b), respectively.
[0011] An “active compound active against at least one plant pathogen” refers to an active compound which is able to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of at least one plant pathogen. Plant pathogens include plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi and oomycetes. If an active compound is active against at least one fungi, it is a fungicide. [0012] An “active compound active against plant pest” refers to an active compound which is able to increase mortality of at least one plant pest. Plant pest includes insects, acari and nematodes. An active compound active against at least one insect is an insecticide, an active compound active against at least one nematode is a nematicide, an active compound active against at least one acari is an acaricide.
[0013] Active compounds “active in plant growth promotion” relate to those active compounds which action leads to an increased plant growth after germination compared to a control plant population which is not treated with said active compound (or another active compound active in plant growth promotion).
[0014] In one embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0015] In another embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp., strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain thereof; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0016] In another embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp., strain NRRL B-67615; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0017] In another embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0018] In another embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one or more strains selected from the group consisting of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) a fungicide as described herein.
[0019] In another embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one or more strains selected from the group consisting of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and (b) a biological compound as described herein.
[0020] In another embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) one of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B- 67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains; and (b) an insecticide as described herein.
Paenibacillus sp. Strains
[0021] The present invention provides active compound combinations comprising (a) a strain of Paenibacillus sp., preferably strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, or strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain of any of the foregoing cited strains and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0022] In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a combination comprising as compound (a), preferably a biologically pure culture of, a Paenibacillus sp. strain comprising a mutant DegU lacking a functional receiver domain or a functional DNA binding domain and/or a mutant DegS lacking a functional single binding domain or a functional ATPase domain, wherein the mutant DegU and/or the mutant DegS result in, in some embodiments liquid culture of, a Paenibacillus sp. strain with decreased viscosity compared to a Paenibacillus sp. strain comprising a wild-type DegU and a wild-type DegS.
[0023] In certain aspects, the mutant DegU and/or the mutant DegS inhibit the formation of colonies of the Paenibacillus sp. strain with a mucoid morphology.
[0024] Examples of wild-type DegU and wild-type DegS include the amino acid sequences presented as SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2 and as SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 4, respectively. The abbreviations and symbols are those usually used by a skilled person, i.e., Phe
= F, Leu = L, He = I, Met = M, Val = V, Ser = S, Pro = P, Thr = T, Ala = A, Tyr = Y, His = H, Gin = Q, Asn = N, Lys = K, Asp = D, Glu = E, Cys = C, Trp = W, Arg = R, Gly = G. Table 1. Amino Acid Sequences of DegU and DegS
Figure imgf000006_0001
Figure imgf000007_0001
Table 6. Nucleotide Sequences of degU and degS
Figure imgf000008_0001
Figure imgf000009_0001
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000011_0001
[0025] In one embodiment, the mutant DegU and/or the mutant DegS is a knockout or is truncated as a result of a premature stop codon. In certain aspects, the premature stop codon results in a mutant DegU truncated at position 218 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0026] In other embodiments, the mutant DegU comprises an amino acid substitution of a small residue to an acidic residue at position 109 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a small residue to a polar residue at position 228 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or an acidic residue to a polar residue at position 63 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 195 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a hydrophobic residue to a small residue at position 204 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 208 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a basic residue to a small residue at position 212 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a hydrophobic residue to a small residue at position 217 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a basic residue to a small residue at position 207 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 211 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 214 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0027] In one aspect, the mutant DegU comprises SEQ ID NO: 2 with an amino acid substitution of G109D and/or A228T and/or D63N and/or N195A and/or I204A and/or T208A and/or H212A and/or L217A and/or K2017A and/or N211A and/or S214A; or a variant thereof having a conservative amino acid substitution.
[0028] In another aspect, the mutant DegS comprises an amino acid substitution of a hydrophobic residue to an aromatic residue at position 99 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4 and/or an acidic residue to a basic residue at position 294 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or a polar residue to a small residue at position 73 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; and/or a small residue to a hydrophobic residue at position 190 numbered by correspondence with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4. [0029] In one embodiment, the mutant DegS comprises SEQ ID NO: 4 with an amino acid substitution of L99F and/or E294K and/or T73A and/or A190V; or a variant thereof having a conservative amino acid substitution.
[0030] In some embodiments, the Paenibacillus sp. strain is a mutagenized derivative strain and demonstrates increased fusaricidin levels compared to a non-mutagenized parental strain. In other embodiments, the Paenibacillus sp. strain is a mutagenized derivative strain and demonstrates decreased amylase expression and/or enzymatic activity compared to a non- mutagenized parental strain.
[0031] In certain aspects, the decreased amylase expression and/or enzymatic activity occurs with an alpha-amylase protein comprising a sequence with greater than about 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10. In other aspects, the decreased amylase expression and/or enzymatic activity occurs with an alpha-amylase protein comprising a sequence with greater than about 95% sequence identity, greater than about 96% sequence identity, greater than about 97% sequence identity, greater than about 98% sequence identity, or greater than about 99% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 9 or SEQ ID NO: 10. In one embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein comprises SEQ ID NO: 9. In another embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein consists of SEQ ID NO: 9. In one embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein comprises SEQ ID NO: 10. In another embodiment, the alpha-amylase protein consists of SEQ ID NO: 10.
[0032] In some instances, the non-mutagenized parental strain is Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, or Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67129. In other instances, the non- mutagenized parental strain is Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67129, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306, or Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615.
[0033] In one aspect, the Paenibacillus sp. strain is Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain thereof.
[0034] In another aspect of the present invention, a combination comprises (a) a fermentation product of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67306, more preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615, or a fungicidal mutant strain thereof; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0035] In certain embodiments, the fungicidal mutant strain has a genomic sequence with greater than about 90% sequence identity to Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306, or, more preferably, Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67615.
[0036] Preferably, a combination according to the invention comprises, along with a compound (b), as compound (a) a strain selected from the group consisting of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615, more preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615, most preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615.
[0037] In one embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0038] In one embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0039] In one embodiment, a combination according to the invention comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and (b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
Chemical Fungicide Mixing Partner (b)
[0040] In one further embodiment of the invention, the active compound combinations according to the invention comprise (a), a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein, preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615, and at least one compound (b) selected from the following groups
(1) inhibitors of the ergosterol synthesis,
(2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or P,
(3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III,
(4) inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division,
(5) compounds capable of having a multisite action,
(6) compounds capable of inducing a host defense,
(7) inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis,
(8) inhibitors of the ATP production,
(9) inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis,
(10) inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis,
(11) inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis,
(12) inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, (13) inhibitors of the signal transduction,
(14) compounds capable of acting as uncoupler,
(15) other fungicides selected from the group consisting of (15.001) Abscisic acid, (15.002) benthiazole, (15.003) bethoxazin, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) chinomethionat, (15.007) cufraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) flutianil, (15.012) fosetyl-aluminium, (15.013) fosetyl-calcium, (15.014) fosetyl-sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenone, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15.022) Oxathiapiprolin, (15.023) oxyfenthiin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.025) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.027) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (15.028) tebufloquin, (15.029) tecloftalam, (15.030) tolnifanide, (15.031) l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difhrorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-
1.2-oxazol-3-yl]- 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl Jpiperidin- l-yl)-2- [5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (15.032) l-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5- dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]- 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl Jpiperidin- l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (15.033) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2- yl)quinazoline, (15.034) dipymetitrone, (15.035) 2-[3,5-bis(difhroromethyl)-lH- pyrazol- 1 -yl]- 1 - [4-(4- { 5 - [2-(prop-2-yn- 1 -yloxy)phenyl] -4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3- yl } - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- 1 -yljethanone, ( 15.036) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-
1.2-oxazol-3-yl}-l,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-l-yl]ethanone, (15.037) 2-[3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl]- 1 - [4-(4- { 5 - [2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn- 1 - yloxy)phenyl]-4, 5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl } - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- 1- yljethanone, (15.038) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2- yl Iquinazoline, (15.039) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3- chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.040) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(l-{ [3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5- dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl } -3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, ( 15.041)
Ipflufenoquin, (15.042) 2-{2-fhroro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3- yl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol, (15.043)fluoxapiprolin, (15.044) 2-{3-[2-(l-{ [3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5- dihydro-l,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (15.045) 2-phenylphenol and salts, (15.046) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l- yl)quinoline, (15.047) quinofumelin, (15.048) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(lH)-one), (15.049) 4-oxo-4-[(2- phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (15.050) 5-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-l-yl)thiopliene-2-sulfonoliydrazide, (15.052) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.053) 5-fluoro-2- [(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.054) 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5- (quinolin-3-yl)-2, 3-dihydro- 1,4-benzoxazepine, (15.055) but-3-yn-l-yl (6-[({[(Z)- ( 1 -methyl- 1 H-tetrazol-5 -yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino } oxy)methyl]pyridin-2- yl [carbamate, (15.056) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.057) phenazine-1 -carboxylic acid, (15.058) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.059) quinolin-8-ol, (15.060) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.061) tert-butyl {6-[({[(l- methyl-lH-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2- yl } carbamate, ( 15.062) 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl- 1 - [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]- 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one, (15.063) aminopyrifen, (15.064) (N'-[2-chloro-4- (2-fluorophenoxy)-5 -methylphenyl] -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide), ( 15.065) (N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide),
( 15.066) (2- { 2- [(7, 8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3 -yl)oxy] -6-fluorophenyl Jpropan- 2-ol), (15.067) (5-bromo-l-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline), (15.068) (3-(4,4-difluoro-5,5-dimethyl-4,5- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)quinoline), (15.069) (l-(4,5-dimethyl-lH- benzimidazol-l-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrosoquinoline), (15.070) 8- fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinolone, (15.071) 8- fluoro-3 -(5-fluoro-3 ,3 ,4,4-tetramethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinolone, (15.072) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)-8- fluoroquinoline, (15.073) (N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide), (15.074) (methyl{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl } carbamate), ( 15.075) (N- { 4- [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl } cyclopropanecarboxamide), ( 15.076) N-methyl-4-(5-
( trifluoromethyl )- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl |benzamide, (15.077) N-[(E)- methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.078) N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzamide, (15.079) N-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]- cyclopropanecarboxamide, ( 15.080) N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.081) 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.082) N-allyl-N-[[4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.083) N- [(E)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]benzamide, (15.084) N-[(Z)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5- (trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.085) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-
(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.086) 4,4- dimethyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin- 2-one, (15.087) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]- benzenecarbothioamide, ( 15.088) 5-methyl- 1 - [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.089) N-((2,3-difluoro-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trilluoro- propanamide, ( 15.090) 1 -methoxy- 1 -methyl-3- [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl } - 1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.091) 1 , 1 -diethyl-3 - [ [4- [5 -
(trifluoromethyl}-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.092) N-[[4-[5-
(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.093) N- methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl I phenyl | methyl] cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.094) 1 -methoxy-3 -methyl- 1 - [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.095) N- methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl)- cyclopropane carboxamide, (15.096) N,2-dhnethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl}-
1.2.4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl] propanamide, (15.097) N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-
[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl] propanamide,
(15.098) l-methoxy-3-methyl-l-[[4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.099) l,3-dimethoxy-l-[[4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3 -yl]phenyl]methyl] urea, (15.100) 3 -ethyl- 1 -methoxy- 1 - [ [4- [5 -
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.101) l-[[4-[5-
(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.102)
4.4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]isooxazolidin-3-one, (15.103) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, (15.104) 3,3-dimethyl-l-[[4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]- piperidin-2-one, (15.105) l-[[3-fluoro-4-(5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl] phenyl] methyl] azepan-2-one, (15.106) 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)- l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (15.107) 5,5-dimethyl-2- [[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl] phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, (15.108) ethyl (l-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-lH-pyrazol- 4-yl)acetate, (15.109) N,N-dimethyl-l-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3-amine and (15.110) N-{2,3-difluoro-4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl }butanamide.
[0041] Compound (b) is preferably selected from:
[0042] inhibitors of the ergosterol synthesis selected from the group consisting of (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid, (1.005) fenpropidin, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil, (1.011) imazalil sulfate, (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) myclobutanil, (1.015) paclobutrazol, (1.016) prochloraz, (1.017) propiconazole, (1.018) prothioconazole, (1.019) pyrisoxazole, (1.020) spiroxamine, (1.021) tebuconazole, (1.022) tetraconazole, (1.023) triadimenol, (1.024) tridemorph, (1.025) triticonazole, (1.026) (lR,2S,5S)-5- (4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl- 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol,
(1.027) (lS,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.028) (2R)-2-(l-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(lR)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]- 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.029) (2R)-2-( 1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4- [( 1 S)-2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl]- 1 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.030) (2R)-2- [4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2- (trifluoromethyl )phenyl |- 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, ( 1.031) (2S)-2-( 1 - chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(lR)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.032) (2S)-2-(l-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(lS)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)butan-2- ol, (1.033) (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- yl)propan-2-ol, (1.034) (R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-l,2-oxazol-4- yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.035) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-l,2- oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.036) [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)- l,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.037) l-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4- chlorophenoxy)phenyl] -4-methyl- 1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl } methyl)- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole, ( 1.038) 1 -
({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-l,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-lH-l, 2,4- triazole, (1.039) l-{ [3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4- triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.040) l-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran- 2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.041) l-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.042) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)-l- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3- thione, (1.043) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4- dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.044) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy- 2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-tliione, (1.045) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-l-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.046) 2-[(2S,4R,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro- 3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.047) 2-[(2S,4R,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-tliione, (1.048) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-l-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.049) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro- 3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.050) 2-[l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4- yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051) 2-[2-chloro-4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]-l- ( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, ( 1.052) 2- [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4- triazol-l-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.053) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4- triazol-l-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.054) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4- triazol-l-yl)pentan-2-ol, (1.055) Mefentrifluconazole, (1.056) 2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- dilluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl } -2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.057) 2-
{ [rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl } -2,4-dihydro-3H-
1.2.4-triazole-3-thione, (1.058) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2- yl I methyl } -2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.059) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)- 2-methyl- 1-(1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.060) 5-(allylsulfanyl)- 1- { [3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-dilluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH- 1,2, 4-triazole, (1.061) 5-
(allylsulfanyl)-l-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-
1.2.4-triazole, (1.062) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-l-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoro- phenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l, 2, 4-triazole, (1.063) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(l,l,2,2-tetrafluoro- ethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.064) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4- { [3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.065) N'- (2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-tetralluoropropoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.066) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-
(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.067) N'-(2,5- dimethyl-4- { 3- [(1 , 1 ,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.068) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.069) N'-(2,5- dimethyl-4- { 3- [(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy }phenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.070) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3- [(pentafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.071) N'-(2,5- dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.072) N'-(4-{ [3-(difluoro- methoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.073) N'-(4- {3-[(difluoromethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.074) N'-[5-bromo-6-(2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.075) N'- {4-[(4,5-dichloro- 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl } - N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.076) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(lR)-l-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2- methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.077) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(lS)-l-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.078) N'-{5- bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.079) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2- methylpyridin-3-yl} -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.080) N'-{5-bromo-6-[l-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.081) ipfentrifluconazole, ( 1.082) 2- [4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 1 -( 1H- 1,2,4- triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.083) 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-l-(l,2,4- triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.084) 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-l-(l,2,4- triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.085) 3-[2-(l-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-2- hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile and (1.086) 4-[[6-[rac-(2R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-l,l- difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioxo-4H-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile; (1.087) 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-l-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol;
[0043] inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II selected from the group consisting of (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanil, (2.007) fluxapyroxad, (2.008) furametpyr, (2.009) Isofetamid, (2.010) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.011) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.012) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.013) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.014) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.015) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.016) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.017) penflufen, (2.018) penthiopyrad, (2.019) pydiflumetofen, (2.020) Pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (2.022) 1 ,3-dimethyl-N-( 1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl)- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.023) l,3-dimethyl-N-[(3R)-l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.024) 1 ,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)- 1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl]- 1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.025) l-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2- yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.026) 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl)benzamide, (2.027) 3-(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl-N-(l , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028) inpyrfluxam, (2.029) 3-
(difluoromethyl)- l-methyl-N-[(3S)- 1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl]- lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.030) fluindapyr, (2.031) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl]- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N- [(3S)-7-lluoro- l,l,3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl]-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- yl]oxy }phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.034) N-(2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-N- cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-(2-tert- butyl-5-methylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.036) N-(2-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037) N-(5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-
(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) isoflucypram, (2.039) N- [(lR,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)- 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-l, 4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3- (difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.040) N-[(lS,4R)-9-
(dichloromethylene)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydro- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3 -(dilluoromethyl)- 1 - metbyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.041) N-[l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3- (difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.042) N-[2-chloro-6-
(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(dilluoromethyl)-5-iluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.043) N- [3 -chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl] -N -cyclopropyl- 3 -
(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.044) N-[5-chloro-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(dilluoromethyl)-5-iluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.045) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-N-[5-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl)benzyl |- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.046) N-cyclopropyl-3-(dilluoromethyl)- 5-fluoro-N-(2-fluoro-6-isopropylbenzyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.047) N- cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, (2.048) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-l- methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide, (2.049) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-lluoro-N-(2- isopropylbenzyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.050) N-cyclopropyl-3-
(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(5-iluoro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.051) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-lluoro-l-methyl-lH- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.052) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-5- fluoro- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.053) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2- ethyl-5-methylbenzyl)-5-lluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.054) N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.055) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5- fluoro- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.056) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropylbenzyl)-3- (difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.057) pyrapropoyne;
[0044] inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III selected from the group consisting of (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim-methyl, (3.014) metominostrobin, (3.015) orysastrobin, (3.016) picoxystrobin, (3.017) pyraclostrobin, (3.018) pyrametostrobin, (3.019) pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) trifloxystrobin, (3.021) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(lE)-l-(3-{[(E)-l-fluoro-2- phenylvinyl]oxy }phenyl)ethylidene] amino } oxy)methyl]phenyl } -2-(methoxyimino)-N- methylacetamide, (3.022) (2E,3Z)-5-{ [l-(4-chlorophenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-
(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.023) (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5- dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.024) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5- dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl } -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.025)fenpicoxamid, (3.026) mandestrobin, (3.027) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamido-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5-{[l-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3- dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.029) methyl {5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-2- methylbenzyl} carbamate, (3.030) metyltetraprole, (3.031) florylpicoxamid;
[0045] inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division selected from the group consisting of (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate-methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) 3- chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5-phenylpyridazine, (4.010) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)- 4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4- (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 1,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.013) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)- l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.014) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)- 1,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-
1.3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)- 1,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.018) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 1 ,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.019) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-
1.3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1 ,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)- 1,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6- dimethylpyridazine, (4.023) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- 1 ,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.024) N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- 1 ,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.025) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4- fluorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine;
[0046] compounds capable of having a multisite action selected from the group consisting of (5.001) bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram zinc, (5.017) oxine-copper, (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiram, (5.021) zineb, (5.022) ziram, (5.023) 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H- pyrrolo[3',4':5,6][l,4]dithiino[2,3-c][l,2]thiazole-3-carbonitrile;
[0047] compounds capable of inducing a host defense selected from the group consisting of (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) isotianil, (6.003) probenazole, (6.004) tiadinil;
[0048] inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (7.006) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinolone;
[0049] inhibitors of the ATP production selected from the group consisting of (8.001) silthiofam;
[0050] inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis selected from the group consisting of (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2- chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2- chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one;
[0051] inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis selected from the group consisting of (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.003) tolclofos-methyl;
[0052] inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (11.001) tricyclazole, (11.002) tolprocarb;
[0053] inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis selected from the group consisting of (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam); [0054] inhibitors of the signal transduction selected from the group consisting of (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin;
[0055] compounds capable of acting as uncoupler selected from the group consisting of (14.001) fluazinam and (14.002) meptyldinocap;
[0056] other fungicides selected from the group consisting of (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) benthiazole, (15.003) bethoxazin, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) chinomethionat, (15.007) cufraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) flutianil, (15.012) fosetyl-aluminium, (15.013) fosetyl-calcium, (15.014) fosetyl-sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenone, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15.022) Oxathiapiprolin, (15.023) oxyfenthiin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.025) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.027) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (15.028) tebufloquin, (15.029) tecloftalam, (15.030) tolnifanide, (15.031) l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2- yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (15.032) l-(4-{4- [(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4, 5-dihydro- l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5- methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (15.033) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2- yl)quinazoline, (15.034) dipymetitrone, (15.035) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4- (4- { 5- [2-(prop-2-yn- l-yloxy)phenyl]-4, 5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl } - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- 1- yl]ethanone, (15.036) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2- yn- l-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl } - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- l-yl]ethanone, (15.037) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-l- yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl}-l,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-l-yl]ethanone, (15.038) 2- [6-(3-fhioro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.039) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(l-{[3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol- l-yl]acetyl }piperidin-4-yl)- 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4, 5-dihydro- 1 ,2- oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.040) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(l-{[3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol- l-yl]acetyl }piperidin-4-yl)- 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4, 5-dihydro- 1 ,2- oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.041) Ipflufenoquin, (15.042) 2-{2-fluoro-6- [(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.043) fluoxapiprolin, (15.044) 2-{3- [2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5- dihydro-l,2-oxazol-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (15.045) 2-phenylphenol and salts, (15.046) 3- (4,4,5-trifluoro-3 ,3-dimethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinoline, ( 15.047) quinofumelin, (15.048) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2(lH)- one), (15.049) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (15.050) 5-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole- 2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-l-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, (15.052) 5- fluoro-2- [(4-iluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, ( 15.053) 5-fluoro-2- [(4- methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.054) 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3- dihydro-l,4-benzoxazepine, (15.055) but-3-yn-l-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(l-methyl-lH-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.056) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2- cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.057) phenazine-1 -carboxylic acid, (15.058) propyl 3,4,5- trihydroxybenzoate, (15.059) quinolin-8-ol, (15.060) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.061) tert-butyl { 6- [( { [( 1 -methyl- lH-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino } oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl } carbamate, ( 15.062) 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl- 1 - [(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl] -3 ,4-dihydropyrimidin-2( 1 H)- one, (15.063) aminopyrifen, (15.064) (N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl- N-methylimidoformamide), (15.065) (N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide), ( 15.066) (2- { 2- [(7, 8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)oxy]-6- fluorophenylJpropan-2-ol), (15.067) (5-bromo-l-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline), (15.068) (3-(4,4-difluoro-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7- yl)quinoline), (15.069) (l-(4,5-dimethyl-lH-benzimidazol-l-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline), (15.070) 8-fluoro-3 -(5 -fluoro-3 ,3-dimethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 - yl)quinolone, (15.071) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l- yl)quinolone, (15.072) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)-8- fluoroquinoline, (15.073) (N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yljbenzamide), (15.074) (methyl{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}carbamate), ( 15.075) (N- { 4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl } cyclopropanecarboxamide),
(15.076) N-methyl-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.077) N-[(E)- methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.078) N-[(Z)- methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.079) N-[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl )- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl Iphenyl |cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.080) N-(2- fluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.081) 2,2-difluoro-N- methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.082) N-allyl-N-[[4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.083) N-[(E)-N-methoxy- C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.084) N-[(Z)- N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.085) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.086) 4,4-dimethyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2- one, ( 15.087) N-methyl-4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3 -y1]benzenecarbothioamide, (15.088) 5-methyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2- one, (15.089) N-((2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]metliyl]-3,3,3- trifluoro-propanamide, ( 15.090) 1 -methoxy- 1 -methyl-3- [[4- [5-(trifluoromethyl } - 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.091) l,l-diethyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl}-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, ( 15.092) N- [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.093) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, ( 15.094) 1 -methoxy-3-methyl- 1 - [ [4- [5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.095) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.096) N,2- dimethoxy-N- [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl } - 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3 -yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, ( 15.097) N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.098) l-methoxy-3-methyl-l-[[4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.099) l,3-dimetboxy-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]metbyl]urea,
(15.100) 3-ethyl-l-methoxy-l-[[4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea,
(15.101) l-[[4-[5-(triiluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.102)
4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluorometbyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isooxazolidin-3-one, (15.103) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin- 3-one, (15.104) 3,3-dimethyl-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.105) l-[[3-fluoro-4-(5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one, (15.106) 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one (15.107) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluorometbyl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, (15.108) ethyl (l-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl } - 1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)acetate, (15.109) N,N-dimethyl- 1 - { 4- [5-
(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl |benzyl } - 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-amine, (15.110) N-{2,3- dilluoro-4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3 -yl]benzyl Jbutanamide (15.111) N-( 1 - methylcyclopropyl)-4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.112) N-(2,4- difluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.113) l-(5,6- dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-4,4-diiluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.114) l-(6-
(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-dilluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.115) l-(5-(fluoromethyl)-6-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline and (15.116) l-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3- dimethyl-3, 4-dihydroisoquinoline.
[0057] The compound combinations according to the invention may comprise 1, 2 or even more compounds (b). Preferably, the compound combinations according to the invention comprise 1 or 2 compound(s) (b). In one embodiment, all compounds (b) are fungicides. However, in case two or more compound(s) (b) are present, those compounds may be selected from different groups (1) to (15). For example, if one compound (b) is selected from group (1), the further compound(s) (b) may be selected from groups (2) to (15).
[0058] According to the invention, the expression “combination” stands for the various combinations of (a) and (b), for example in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e., one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. Preferably the order of applying the compounds (a) and (b) is not essential for working the present invention.
[0059] If more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (b) are present in a combination according ot the invention, the weight ratio refers to the total amount of compound (b), i.e., to the sum of the amount of each compound (b) present in the combination. This applies mutatis mutandis if more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (a) are present. Compounds (b) can be of the same type, e.g., two or more fungicides, or combination of different types, e.g., two or more fungicides, or combination of different types, e.g., a fungicide and a biological compound or a pesticide.
[0060] If more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (b) are present in the combinations according to the invention the individual compounds (b) can be present in a broad range of effective weight ratio. If for example 2 compounds (b) are present, which are in the following referred to as compounds (Bl) and (B2) the effective weight ratio of B1:B2, can vary for example in a range of 100:1 to 1:100, preferably in a weight ratio of 50:1 to 1:50, most preferably in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1 :20. Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention with increasing preference in the order given are: 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85, 80:1 to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1:60, 55:1 to 1:55, 50:1 to 1:50, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1 to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.
[0061] Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention are: 95:1 to 1:1, 90:1 to 1:1, 85:1 to 1:1, 80:1 to 1:1, 75:1 to 1:1, 70:1 to 1:1, 65:1 to 1:1, 60:1 to 1:1, 55:1 to 1:1, 50:1 to 1:1, 45:1 to 1:1, 40:1 to 1:1, 35:1 to 1:1, 30:1 to 1:1, 25:1 to 1:1, 20:1 to 1:1, 15:1 to 1:1, 10:1 to 1:1, 5:1 to 1:1, 4:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:1, 2:1 to 1:1.
Chemical Pesticide Mixing Partner (b)
[0062] The active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 16th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2012) or can be found on the Internet (e.g., http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides). The classification is based on the current IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme at the time of filing of this patent application.
[0063] In one further embodiment of the invention, the active compound combinations according to the invention comprise (a) one of the Paenibacillus sp. strains described herein, preferably Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615, and at least one compound (b) selected from the following groups
[0064] (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O- (methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidatbion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion- methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon and vamidothion.
[0065] (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, preferably cyclodiene- organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.
[0066] (3) Sodium channel modulators, preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s- cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)- trans-isomer|, prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethmm), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)- isomer)], tralomethrin and transfluthrin, or DDT or methoxychlor. [0067] (4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.
[0068] (5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators (Site I), preferably spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad.
[0069] (6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, preferably avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
[0070] (7) Juvenile hormone mimics, preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
[0071] (8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
[0072] (9) Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.
[0073] (10) Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin and etoxazole.
[0074] (11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins selected from CrylAb, Cry 1 Ac, CrylFa, Cry 1 A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
[0075] (12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.
[0076] (13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid.
[0077] (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium.
[0078] (15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1, preferably benzoylureas selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron. [0079] (16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 selected from buprofezin.
[0080] (17) Moulting disruptor (in particular for Diptera, i.e., dipterans) selected from cyromazine.
[0081] (18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
[0082] (19) Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
[0083] (20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
[0084] (21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
[0085] (22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
[0086] (23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat.
[0087] (24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
[0088] (25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, preferably beta- ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
[0089] (28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
[0090] (29) Chordotonal organ Modulators (with undefined target site) selected from flonicamid.
[0091] (30) GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators, preferably meta- diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide.
[0092] (31) Baculo viruses, preferably Granulo viruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.
[0093] (32) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators (Site II) selected from
GS -omega/kappa HXTX-Hvla peptide.
[0094] (33) further active compounds selected from Acynonapyr, Afoxolaner,
Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Benzpyrimoxan, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclobutrifluram or Cyclobutrifen (CAS 1460292-16-3), Cycloxaprid, Cyetpyrafen, Cyhalodiamide, Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, Dimpropyridaz, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon-Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Flupyrimin, Fluralaner, Fufenozide, Fupentiofenox (CAS 1472050-04-6), Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Isocycloseram, kappa-Bifenthrin, kappa-Tefluthrin, Lotilaner, Meperfluthrin, Oxazosulfyl, Paichongding, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyriminostrobin, Spirobudiclofen, Tetramethylfluthrin, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tigolaner, Tioxazafen, Thiofluoximate, Iodomethane, Triflupentoxide (CAS 1472050-04-6); furthermore preparations based on Bacillus firmus (I-1582, BIONEEM®, VOTIVO®), and also the following compounds: 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulphinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine (known from WO 2006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), {1'-[(2E)-3-(4- chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indol-3,4'-piperidin]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4- yl)methanone (known from WO 2003/106457) (CAS 637360-23-7), 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4- chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (known from WO 2006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8- methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010/052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (known from EP2647626) (CAS 1440516-42-6) , 4-(but-2-yn-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5- dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (known from WO 2004/099160) (CAS 792914-58-0), PF1364 (known from JP2010/018586) (CAS 1204776-60-2), (3E)-3-[1-[(6-chloro-3- pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-one (known from WO 2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), N-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14- 0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2- pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5(3,5- dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3- thietanyl)-benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2- methyl-N-(trans-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)-benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 5-(trifluoromethyl)--soxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide (known from WO 2013/050317 A1) (CAS 1332628-83-7), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3- [(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]- N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide and (-)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide (known from WO 2013/162715 A2, WO 2013/162716 A2, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0213448 A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6- [(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN 103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1- dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H- Pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2012/034403 A1) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N-[2-(5-amino- 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5- carboxamide (known from WO 2011/085575 A1) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3- dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4- (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from CN 103524422 A) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4- [(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from CN 102391261 A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di- O-methyl-, 1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3- yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose (known from U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0275503 A1) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3- (6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2- cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (known from WO 2007/040280 A1, WO 2007/040282 A1) (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]-propanamide (known from WO 2015/058021 A1, WO 2015/058028 A1) (CAS 1477919-27-9) and N-[4-(aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6- [(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN 103265527 A) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-[[4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]-pyrimidine (known from WO 2013/115391 A1) (CAS 1449021- 97-9), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione (known from WO 2014/187846 A1) (CAS 1638765-58-8), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8- methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-carbonic acid ethyl ester (known from WO 2010/066780 A1, WO 2011151146 A1) (CAS 1229023-00-0), 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-Dichloro-4- fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-4- isoxazolidinyl]-2-methyl-benzamide (bekannt aus WO 2011/067272, WO 2013/050302) (CAS 1309959-62-3).
[0095] If more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (b) are present in a combination according ot the invention, the weight ratio refers to the total amount of compound (b), i.e., to the sum of the amount of each compound (b) present in the combination. This applies mutatis mutandis if more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (a) are present. Compounds (b) can be of the same type, e.g., two or more pesticides, or combination of different types, e.g., a pesticide with a biological compound or a fungicide.
[0096] If more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (b) are present in the combinations according to the invention the individual compounds (b) can be present in a broad range of effective weight ratio. If for example 2 compounds (b) are present, which are in the following referred to as compounds (Bl) and (B2) the effective weight ratio of B1:B2, can vary for example in a range of 100:1 to 1:100, preferably in a weight ratio of 50:1 to 1:50, most preferably in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1 :20. Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention with increasing preference in the order given are: 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85, 80:1 to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1:60, 55:1 to 1:55, 50:1 to 1:50, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1 to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.
[0097] Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention are:
95:1 to 1:1, 90:1 to 1:1, 85:1 to 1:1, 80:1 to 1:1, 75:1 to 1:1, 70:1 to 1:1, 65:1 to 1:1, 60:1 to 1:1, 55:1 to 1:1, 50:1 to 1:1, 45:1 to 1:1, 40:1 to 1:1, 35:1 to 1:1, 30:1 to 1:1, 25:1 to 1:1, 20:1 to 1:1, 15:1 to 1:1, 10:1 to 1:1, 5:1 to 1:1, 4:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:1, 2:1 to 1:1.
Biological Active Compounds as Mixing Partner (b)
[0098] A compound (a) can be combined with a compound (b) selected from biological active compounds such as biological fungicides or pesticides or plant growth promotion. Biological active compounds comprise in particular bacteria, fungi, yeasts, plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms, including proteins and secondary metabolites.
[0099] As used herein, the term “biological control” is defined as control of harmful organisms such as a phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of an active compound.
[0100] As used herein, the term “biological active compound” is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and/or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control active compound. The term “mutant” refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain. The ’’parent strain" is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis. To obtain such mutants the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art. Known mechanisms of biological control active compounds comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root. Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics, have been used to control pathogens. The toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
[0101] A “variant” is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
[0102] “Hybridization” refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues. The hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner. The complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multi-stranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these. Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40°C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50°C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60°C in 1 X SSC.
[0103] A variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number. A polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences. This alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, for example, those described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel et al, eds., 1987). [0104] NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, U.S. A.
[0105] ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard, Manassas, Virginia 10110, U.S. A.
[0106] The biological active compound may be a bactericidally active compound. Such bactericidally biological active compounds comprise
[0107] (Al) bacteria, such as (Al.l) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (A1.2) Bacillus sp., in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S. Patent No. 7,094,592; (A1.3) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA® product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19); (A1.4) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5); (A1.5) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, WO 2016/154297; (A1.6) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (A1.7) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1.8) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1.9) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g., TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); (A1.10) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (Al.ll) Pantoea agglomerans, in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICAL™ ED BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
[0108] (A2) fungi, such as (A2.1) Aureobasidium pullulans strain DSM14940, strain
DSM 14941 or mixtures ofstrains DSM14940 andDSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT® from Bio-Ferm, CH); (A2.2) Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO 2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); (A2.3) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR.
[0109] The biological active compound may be a fungicidally biological active compound or a biological active compound active against oomycetes. Such biological active compounds comprise
[0110] (Bl) bacteria, for example (Bl.l) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.2) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-30087 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,245,551); (B1.3) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (available as YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.4) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, (having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA® product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19)); (B1.5) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL™ from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Certis, U.S., having accession number FERM BP-8234, and disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,094,592); (B 1.6) Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.7) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens var. subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX® from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.8) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as KODIAK® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.9) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127- 5))(available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., Salem, Virginia or Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina as the fungicide TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J , having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® WG and LIFEGARD™ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.)(available as BMJ TGAI or WG from Certis USA); (Bl.ll) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 , having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™ from Novozymes)(available as ECOGUARD™ Biofungicide and Green Releaf from Novozymes); (B1.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, and described in International Patent Publication No. WO 2016/154297; (B1.13) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX- 9060 fromCertis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768; WO 2014/028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (B1.16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from EMC Corporation); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B1.20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B.1.21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No. NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 (e.g., HOWLER™ and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US); (B1.22) Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g., CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert); (B1.23) Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO- IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes); (B1.24) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g., GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, CA); (B1.25) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g., NOGALLTM from BASF SE); (B1.26) Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (FOLIACTIVE® from Donaghys); (B1.27) Bacillus subtilis IAB/BS03 (AVIV™ from STK Bio-Ag Technologies); (B1.28) Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.29) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g., AVOGREEN™ from University of Pretoria); (B1.30) Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 (from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology); (B1.31) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (B1.32) Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61) (Accession No. DSM 7206) (MYCOSTOP® from Verdera; PREFENCE® from BioWorks; cf. Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468-475); (B1.33) Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g., BLIGHTBAN® A506 by NuFarm); and
[0111] Regarding Bacillus subtilis QST713, which is the active ingredient of the SERENADE product, and is included in the list above, at the time of filing U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051, QST713 was designated as a Bacillus subtilis based on classical, physiological, biochemical and morphological methods. Taxonomy of the Bacillus species has evolved since then, especially in light of advances in genetics and sequencing technologies, such that species designation is based largely on DNA sequence rather than the methods used in 1998. After aligning protein sequences from B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42, B. subtilis 168 and QST713, approximately 95% of proteins found in B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 are 85% or greater identical to proteins found in QST713; whereas only 35% of proteins in B. subtilis 168 are 85% or greater identical to proteins in QST713. However, even with the greater reliance on genetics, there is still taxonomic ambiguity in the relevant scientific literature and regulatory documents, reflecting the evolving understanding of Bacillus taxonomy over the past 15 years. Due to these complexities in nomenclature, this particular Bacillus species is variously designated, depending on the document, as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens. Therefore, we have retained the B. subtilis designation of QST713 throughout this application rather than changing it to B. amyloliquefaciens, as would be expected currently based solely on sequence comparison and inferred taxonomy. As regulatory authorities in various countries may require registration under any one of the possible taxonomic classifications, it is to be understood for purposes of this patent application that the strain deposited as Bacillus subtilis QST713 and assigned NRRL Accession No. B-21661 is equivalent to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713.
[0112] (B2) fungi, for example: (B2.1) Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-8
(Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g., CONTANS® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.2) Talaromyces flavus strain VI 17b; (B2.3) Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g., ESQUIVE® WP from Agrauxine, FR); (B2.4) Gliocladium catenulatum (Synonym: Clonostachys rosea f catenulate) strain J1446 (e.g., PRESTOP® by Lallemand); (B2.5) Trichoderma viride strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (B2.6) Metschnikowia fructicola strain NRRL Y-30752; (B2.7) Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea), in particular strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al. “Development of a biocontrol active compound for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain ΊK726’”; Australas Plant Pathol. 2007;36:95-101); (B2.8) Trichoderma asperellum strain SKT-1, having Accession No. FERM P- 16510 (e.g., ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry); Trichoderma asperellum T34 (ASPERELLO® from Biobest Group NV and T34 BIOCONTROL® by Biocontrol Technologies S.L., ES); (B2.9) Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.10) Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (Isagro); Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI, having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120, (from Bi-PA), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol), strain LU132 (e.g., SENTINEL from Agrimm Technologies Limited), strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002387, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002388, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002389, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002390, strain having Accession No. ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040), strain SKT-1, having Accession No. PERM P-16510, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11- 253151 A, strain SKT-2, having Accession No. FERM P-16511, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11- 253151 A, strain SKT-3, having Accession No. FERM P-17021, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11- 253151 A; (B2.11) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g., TRIANUM-P® from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert), strain DB 103 (available as T-GRO® 7456 by Dagutat Biolab); (B2.12) Trichoderma virens (also known as Gliocladium virens), in particular strain GL-21 (e.g., SOILGARD® by Certis, US); (B2.13) Trichoderma harzianum strain Cepa Simb-T5 (from Simbiose Agro); (B2.14) Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA- GUARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.15) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g., BIOKUPRUM™ by AgriLife); (B2.16) Microsphaeropsis ochracea', (B2.17) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS02 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS 117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938, CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.18) Trichoderma virens strain G-41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.19) Gliocladium roseum strain 321 U, having Accession No. ATCC 10406, from W.F. Stoneman Company LLC; (B2.20) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.21) Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35 (e.g., ROOT-PRO® by Mycontrol); (B2.22) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No. CNCM 1-807 (e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia); (B2.23) Aureobasidium pullulans having Accession No. DSM 14940, strain having Accession No. DSM 14941; (B2.24) Cladosporium cladosporioides strain H39, having Accession No. CBS122244, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0291039 (by Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek); (B2.25) Lecanicillium longisporum (formerly known as Lecanicillium lecanii and also Verticillium lecanii) strain KV01 (e.g., VERTALEC® by Koppert BV, Netherlands/ Ary sta); (B2.26) Penicillium vermiculatum\ (B2.27) Pichia anomala strain WRL-076, having Accession No. NRRL Y-30842, U.S. Patent No. 7,579,183; (B2.28) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g., T-GRO from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.29) Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039, having Accession No. IMI 206039 (e.g., BINAB® TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden); (B2.30) Trichoderma stromaticum, having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g., TRICOVAB® by CEPLAC, Brazil); (B2.31) Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No. NM 99/06216 (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.); (B2.32) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae ), having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.33) Verticillium chlamydosporiunr, (B2.34) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716, (B2.35) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); (B2.36) Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment); (B2.37) Penicillium steckii (DSM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE; (B2.38) Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale); (B2.39) Cryptococcus flavescens, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378); (B2.40) Dactylaria Candida', (B2.41) Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®); (B2.42) Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACFEAN® by Natural Plant Protection); (B2.43) Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii) strain KV01 (available as VERTALEC® by Koppert/Arysta); (B2.44) Penicillium vermiculatum', (B2.45) Pichia anomala, strain WRL-076 (NRRE Y-30842); (B2.46) Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® Lby Plant Products Co., CA); (B2.47) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride), strain ICC080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available as BIODERMA® by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.); Trichoderma polysporum, strain IMI 206039 (available as BINAB TF® WP by BINAB Bio- Innovation AB, Sweden); Trichoderma stromaticum (available as TRICOVAB® by Ceplac, Brazil); Tsukamurella paurometabola, strain C-924 (available as HEBERNEM® by Gavac?); Ulocladium oudemansii, in particular strain HRU3 (available as BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ); Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae), strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92); Trichoderma fertile (e.g., product TRICHOPLUS® from BASF); Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548); mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 and Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC 080 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); Simplicillium lanosoniveum.
[0113] The biological active compound may be a plant growth promotion active compound. Such plant growth promotion active compounds comprise
[0114] (El) bacteria selected from (El.l) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087) or strain GB34 (e.g., YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer CropScience, DE); (E1.2) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US), strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576), strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576), strain MBI 600 (e.g., SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); (E1.3) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); (E1.4) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); (E1.5) Bacillus subtilis rmi303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); (E1.6) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection), strain SB3281 (ATCC # PTA-7542; WO 2017/205258), strain TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes), strain IN937a strain FZB42 (e.g., RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE), strain BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015); (E1.7) Bacillus mycoides strain BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), strain EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), strain EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), strain BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (El.8) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B- 50917) or family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928), (El.9) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (El.10) Bacillus firmus, in particular strain CNCM 1-1582 (e.g., VOTIVO® from BASF SE); (El.11) a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (El.12) Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g., MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); (El.13) Brady rhizobium japonicum (e.g., OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes); (El.14) Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (El.15) Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (El.16) Delftia acidovorans, in particular strain RAY209 (e.g., BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds); (El.17) Lactobacillus sp. (e.g., LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI); (El.18) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g., TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); (El.19) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (E1.20) Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.); (E1.21) Azospirillum lipoferum (e.g., VERTEX-IF™ from TerraMax, Inc.); (E1.22) a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos); (El.23) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular strain PN1; (El.24) Rhizobium leguminosarum, in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585); (E1.25) Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB- SK-5; (El.26) Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23; (El.27) Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837; (E1.28) Bacillus siamensis, in particular strain KCTC 13613T; (El.29) Bacillus tequilensis, in particular strain Nil-0943; (El.30) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); (El.31) Thiobacillus sp. (e.g., CROPAID® from Cropaid Ltd UK); and
[0115] (E2) fungi selected from (E2.1) Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus ) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g., BIO ACT® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (E2.2) Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (e.g., JUMPSTART® from Acceleron BioAg), (E2.3) Talaromyces flavus, strain VI 17b; (E2.4) Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g., ESQUIVE® WP from Agrauxine, FR), (E2.5) Trichoderma viride, e.g., strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (E2.6) Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g., SENTINEL from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (E2.7) Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196); (E2.8) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g., T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (E2.9) Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T (Plant Health Products, ZA); (E2.10) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g., Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert); (E2.11) Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g., DITERA™ from Valent Biosciences); (E2.12) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC20851; (E2.13) Pythium oligandrum strain Ml (ATCC 38472; e.g., POLYVERSUM® from Bioprepraty, CZ); (E2.14) Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g., SOILGARD® from Certis, USA); (E2.15) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92; e.g., Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations); (E2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain No. V08/002387, strain No. NMI No. V08/002388, strain No. NMI No. V08/002389, strain No. NMI No. V08/002390; (E2.17) Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908, strain TSTh20, strain 1295-22; (E2.18) Pythium oligandrum strain DV74; (E2.19) Rhizopogon amylopogon (e.g., comprised in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); (E2.20) Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g., comprised in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); (E2.21) Trichoderma koningiv, (E2.22) Glomus aggregation', (E2.23) Glomus clarum, (E2.24) Glomus deserticola', (E2.25) Glomus etunicatum', (E2.26) Glomus intraradices', (E2.27) Glomus monosporum', (E2.28) Glomus mosseae', (E2.29) Laccaria bicolor, (E2.30) Rhizopogon luteolus', (E2.31) Rhizopogon tinctorus', (E2.32) Rhizopogon villosulus', (E2.33) Scleroderma cepa, (E2.34) Suillus granulatus', (E2.35) Suillus punctatapies', (E2.36) Trichoderma virens strain GI-3; (E2.37) Pseudozyma aphidis (e.g., from Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem).
[0116] Plant growth promoting biological active compounds also include (F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as “inoculanf ’ to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health. Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., and Streptomyces spp.; and
[0117] (G) plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control active compounds, such as Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up ( Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "Requiem ™ Insecticide", rotenone, ryania/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder.
[0118] In one embodiment, the biological control active compound is selected from
[0119] Bacillus subtilis strain QST713/AQ713; a Paenibacillus sp. having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, Bacillus pumilus strain BU F-33; Bacillus subtilis strain BUI 814; Bacillus sp. D747; Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24; Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B; Bacillus subtilis CX-9060, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-8; Talaromyces flavus strain VI 17b; Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237; Gliocladium catenulatum strain J1446; Trichoderma viride strain B35; Metschnikowia fructicola strain NRRL Y-30752; Gliocladium roseum strain 321U, strain ACM941, strain IK726; Trichoderma asperellum strain SKT-1; Trichoderma asperellum T34; Trichoderma asperellum strain T34; Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R; Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG- 185-1, Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251, Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348, Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52; Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI; Trichoderma asperellum strain kd; Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T; Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22; Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255; Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851.
[0120] In another embodiment, the biological active compound is selected from Bacillus subtilis strain QST713/AQ713; a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-8; Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237; Gliocladium catenulatum strainJ1446; Trichoderma viride strain B35, Metschnikowia fructicola strain NRRL Y-30752; Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG- 185-1, Purpureocillium lilacinum strain 251, Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348.
[0121] Biological active compounds comprise bacteria such as spore-forming bacteria, root-colonising bacteria and bacteria which act as biological fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, or nematicides or as plant growth promotor. [0122] In one further embodiment of the invention, the active compound combinations according to the invention comprise (a), any one of the Paenibacillus sp. strains described herein, preferably strain NRRL B-67615, and (b) at least one compound selected from the following groups
1) bacteria which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0123] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), or Bacillus cereus, in particular B. cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 or Bacillus firmus, strain 1-1582 (Accession number CNCM 1-1582) or Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B-30087), or Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397), or Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (Accession No. NRRL B- 21661) or Bacillus subtilis strain OST30002 (Accession No. NRRL B-50421) Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (serotype H-14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1, or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428), Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria spp. (Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode)-PR3 (Accession Number ATCC SD-5834), Streptomyces microflavus strain AQ6121 (= QRD 31.013, NRRL B-50550), Streptomyces galbus strain AQ 6047 (Acession Number NRRL 30232).
2) fungi and yeasts which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0124] Beauveria bassiana, in particular strain ATCC 74040, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660), Lecanicillium spp., in particular strain HRO LEC 12, Lecanicillium lecanii, (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain KV01, Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular strain F52 (DSM3884/ATCC 90448), Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (now: Isaria fumosorosea), in particular strain IFPC 200613, or strain Apopka 97 (Accesion No. ATCC 20874), Paecilomyces lilacinus, in particular P. lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain VI 17b, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (Accession Number CBS 122089), Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum rifai T39. (Accession Number CNCM 1-952).
3) viruses which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0125] Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis vims (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis vims (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis vims (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodopterafrugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV. 4) bacteria and fungi which are added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health:
[0126] Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia ), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., Streptomyces spp.
5) plant extracts, products produced from plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0127] Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix- mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "REQUIEM® Insecticide”, rotenone, ryania/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetumvulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder, as well as (PE 1.1) bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0128] If more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (b) are present in a combination according ot the invention, the (weight) ratio refers to the total amount of compound (b), i.e., to the sum of the amount of each compound (b) present in the combination. This applies mutatis mutandis if more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (a) are present. Compounds (b) can be of the same type, e.g., two or more biological compounds, or combination of different types, e.g., a biological compound and a fungicide or a pesticide.
[0129] If more than one, e.g., 2 or 3, compounds (b) are present in the combinations, which are measured in the same units (e.g., two bacteria or a bacteria and a fungi each measured in CFU), the individual compounds (b) can be present in a broad range of effective ratio. If for example 2 compounds (b) are present, which are in the following referred to as compounds (Bl) and (B2) the effective weight ratio of B1:B2, can vary for example in a range of 100:1 to 1:100, preferably in a weight ratio of 50: 1 to 1:50, most preferably in a weight ratio of 20: 1 to 1 :20. Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention with increasing preference in the order given are: 95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85, 80:1 to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1:60, 55:1 to 1:55, 50:1 to 1:50, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1 to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2.
[0130] Further ratios of B 1 :B2 which can be used according to the present invention are: 95:1 to 1:1, 90:1 to 1:1, 85:1 to 1:1, 80:1 to 1:1, 75:1 to 1:1, 70:1 to 1:1, 65:1 to 1:1, 60:1 to 1:1, 55:1 to 1:1, 50:1 to 1:1, 45:1 to 1:1, 40:1 to 1:1, 35:1 to 1:1, 30:1 to 1:1, 25:1 to 1:1, 20:1 to 1:1, 15:1 to 1:1, 10:1 to 1:1, 5:1 to 1:1, 4:1 to 1:1, 3:1 to 1:1, 2:1 to 1:1.
[0131] These examples of ratios refer to biological compounds which are given (a) each in CFU; (b) in CFU and PFU; (c) PFU and PFU; (d) g and g. In case the biological compounds are of more different type, e.g., an extract (g) and a bacteria (CFU), meaningful ratios have to be determined on a case by case evaluation.
Safener as Mixing Partner (b)
[0132] A compound (a) can be combined with (b) safeners such as, for example, benoxacor, cloquintocet (-mexyl), cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole (-ethyl), fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen (-ethyl), mefenpyr (-diethyl), naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 2-methoxy-N-({4-[(methylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl}sulphonyl)benzamide (CAS 129531-12-0), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-l-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5- trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-l,3-oxazolidine (CAS 52836-31-4).
Ratio of Paenibacillus sp. (CFU) to Chemical Fungicide or Chemical Pesticide
[0133] Colony forming unit (CFU) is measure of viable microbial cells, in particular fungal and bacterial cells. The ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is given in bacteria CFU:g chemical fungicide or pesticide (CFU:g). Typically, the ratio of a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 1018 CFU: lg to 104CFU:lg. In one embodiment, the ratio of a Paenibacillus sp. strain to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 1017CFU:lg to 105 CFU:lg. In another embodiment, a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 1015 CFU: lg to 108 CFU: lg. In yet another embodiment, a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 1013 CFU:lg to 109CFU:1 g. In yet another embodiment, a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to a chemical fungicide or pesticide is from 1013 CFU: lg to 1010 CFU: lg. In one embodiment, these rations refer especially to ratios between Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B- 67615 and a chemical fungicide or pesticide. Ratio of Paenibacillus sp. (CFU) to biological active compound (CFU)
[0134] In case a biological active compound is a bacteria or fungi, the amount of such a biological active compound can be measured in CFU. The ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to a biological active compound is typically in a range from 1000:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:1 x 108 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) such as in a range from 1000:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:5500 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) or as in a range from 1:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:5500 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b). In another embodiment, the ratio is from 100:1 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b) to 1:100 CFU compound(a):CFU compound (b). In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 25:1 to 1:25 such as from 10:1 to 1:10. In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 4:1 to 1:4. In one embodiment, these rations refer especially to ratios between Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B- 67615 and a bacteria or fungi.
Ratio of Paenibacillus sp. (CFU) to Biological Active Compound (PFU)
[0135] In case a biological active compound is a vims, the amount of such a biological active compound can be measured in PFU (plaque forming units). The ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to abiological active compound is typically in a range from 1000:1 CFU compound(a) : PFU compound (b) to 1:1000 CFU compound(a):PFU compound (b). In another embodiment, the ratio is from 100:1 CFU compound(a):PFU compound (b) to 1:100 CFU compound(a):PFU compound (b). In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 25:1 to 1:25 such as from 10:1 to 1:10. In yet another embodiment, the ratio is from 4:1 to 1:4. In one embodiment, these rations refer especially to ratios between Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615 and a vims.
Ratio of Paenibacillus sp. (CFU) to Biological Active Compound (g)
[0136] In case a biological active compound is a plant extract, a product produced from a plant extract or a product formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites, the ratio of Paenibacillus sp. strain to such a biological active compound is given in bacteria CFU:g biological active compound (CFU:g). Typically, the ratio of a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to biological active compound such as acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, is from 1010 CFU:lg to 103 CFU:lg unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients. In one embodiment, the ratio of a Paenibacillus sp. strain to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 is from 109 CFU: lg to 104CFU: lg. In another embodiment, a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 is from 1011 CFU:lg to 105 CFU:lg such as 5 x 1010 CFU:lg to 107 CFU/lg or in one embodiment from 108 CFU:lg to 105 CFU:lg. In yet another embodiment, a Paenibacillus sp. strain as described herein to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 is from 107CFU:lg to 5*105CFU:1 g. In one embodiment, the Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615 having said ratios to unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20.
Specific Combinations
[0137] In one embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0138] In another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0139] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises (a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-50972; and
(b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0140] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67129; and
(b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0141] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67304; and (b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0142] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67306; and
(b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0143] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0144] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts.
[0145] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) at least one active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts; as only active compounds.
[0146] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts.
[0147] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts; as only active compounds.
[0148] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluopicolide.
[0149] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluoxapiprolin.
[0150] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Iprovalicarb. [0151] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Propamocarb.
[0152] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al). [0153] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Propineb.
[0154] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluopyram.
[0155] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Spiroxamine.
[0156] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Tebuconazole.
[0157] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Trifloxystrobin. [0158] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises
Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Bacillus subtilis strain QST713.
[0159] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808.
[0160] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Pyrimethanil.
[0161] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Prothioconazole.
[0162] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and at least one copper salt selected from the group consisting of copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate.
[0163] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Mancozeb.
[0164] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Oxathiapiprolin.
[0165] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Metiram.
[0166] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Mandipropamid. [0167] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and Cymoxanil.
[0168] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and phosphorous acids and its salts.
[0169] In yet another embodiment, an active compound combination comprises Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
Application Rate of a Paenibacillus sp. Strain (a)
[0170] Preferably, the application rate of a Paenibacillus sp. strain as disclosed herein is at least of 1 x 103 CFU/ha (CFU = colony forming units). Also preferred, the application rate of a Paenibacillus sp. strain as disclosed herein is between 1 x 103 CFU/ha and 1 x 1020 CFU/ha. In case more than one strain is present as compound (a) in a combination according to the invention, at least one strain is present in an amount to be applied with an application rate of at least of 1 x 103 CFU/ha, such as between 1 x 103 CFU/ha and 1 x 1020 CFU/ha. In an embodiment, wherein more than one Paenibacillus sp. strain should be present as active ingredient, it is understood that each such strain is present in an amount in a combination to allow an application rate of each such strain of at least 1 x 103 CFU/ha, such as between 1 x 103 CFU/ha and 1 x 1020 CFU/ha.
Depending on the desease, pest and crop, the application rate of a strain in a method according to the invention is between 1 x 104 CFU/ha and 1 x 1020 CFU/ha, between 1 x 104 CFU/ha and 1 x 1018 CFU/ha, between 1 x 104 CFU/ha and 1 x 1016 CFU/ha, between 1 x 105 CFU/ha and 1 x 1020 CFU/ha, between 1 x 105 CFU/ha and 1 x 1018 CFU/ha, between 1 x 105 CFU/ha and 1 x 1016 CFU/ha. Depending on the mixing ratio of compound (a) to compound (b) of a combination according to the invention, the skille person can easily calculate the application rate of a compound (b).
Methods and Uses
[0171] The invention also relates to methods for controlling deseases or pests, in which combinations of the invention are allowed to act on deseases or animal pests and/or their habitat. The control of the desease or animal pests is preferably conducted in agriculture and forestry, and in material protection. Preferably excluded herefrom are methods for the surgical or therapeutic treatment of the human or animal body and diagnostic methods carried out on the human or animal body. [0172] The invention furthermore relates to the use of combinations of the invention as pesticidal combinations, in particular crop protection active compounds.
[0173] The combinations of the invention having good plant tolerance, favourable homeotherm toxicity and good environmental compatibility, are suitable for protecting plants and plant organs against biotic and abiotic stressors, for increasing harvest yields, for improving the quality of the harvested material and for controlling animal pests, especially insects, arachnids, helminths, in particular nematodes, and molluscs, which are encountered in agriculture, in horticulture, in animal husbandry, in aquatic cultures, in forests, in gardens and leisure facilities, in the protection of stored products and of materials, and in the hygiene sector.
[0174] Within the context of the present patent application, the term “hygiene” is understood to mean any and all measures, procedures and practices which aim to prevent disease, in particular infectious disease, and which serve to protect the health of humans and animals and/or to protect the environment, and/or which maintain cleanliness. In accordance with the invention, this especially includes measures for cleaning, disinfection and sterilisation of, for example, textiles or hard surfaces, especially surfaces of glass, wood, concrete, porcelain, ceramics, plastic or also of metal(s), and for ensuring that these are kept free of hygiene pests and/or their excretions. Preferably excluded from the scope of the invention in this regard are surgical or therapeutic treatment procedures applicable to the human body or to the bodies of animals and diagnostic procedures which are carried out on the human body or on the bodies of animals.
[0175] The term “hygiene sector” thus covers all areas, technical fields and industrial applications in which these hygiene measures, procedures and practices are important, in relation for example to hygiene in kitchens, bakeries, airports, bathrooms, swimming pools, department stores, hotels, hospitals, stables, animal husbandries, etc.
[0176] The term “hygiene pest” is therefore understood to mean one or more animal pests whose presence in the hygiene sector is problematic, in particular for health reasons. It is therefore a primary objective to avoid or minimize the presence of hygiene pests, and/or exposure to them, in the hygiene sector. This can be achieved in particular through the application of a pesticide that can be used both to prevent infestation and to tackle an infestation which is already present. Preparations which avoid or reduce exposure to pests can also be used. Hygiene pests include, for example, the organisms mentioned below.
[0177] The term “hygiene protection” thus covers all actions to maintain and/or improve these hygiene measures, procedures and practices. [0178] The combinations of the invention can preferably be used as fungicides, pesticides or plant growth promotion. They are active against normally sensitive and resistant species and against all or some stages of development. The abovementioned pests include:
[0179] pests from the phylum of the Arthropoda, in particular from the class of the Arachnida, for example Acarus spp., for example Acarus siro, Aceria kuko, Aceria sheldoni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., for example Aculus fockeui, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma spp., Amphitetranychus viennensis, Argas spp., Boophilus spp., Brevipalpus spp., for example Brevipalpus phoenicis, Bryobia graminum, Bryobia praetiosa, Centruroides spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermacentor spp., Eotetranychus spp., for example Eotetranychus hicoriae, Epitrimerus pyri, Eutetranychus spp., for example Eutetranychus banksi, Eriophyes spp., for example Eriophyes pyri, Glycyphagus domesticus, Halotydeus destructor, Hemitarsonemus spp., for example Hemitarsonemus latus ( =Polyphagotarsonemus latus), Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus spp., Loxosceles spp., Neutrombicula autumnalis, Nuphersa spp., Oligonychus spp., for example Oligonychus coffeae, Oligonychus coniferarum, Oligonychus ilicis, Oligonychus indicus, Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus pratensis, Oligonychus punicae, Oligonychus yothersi, Ornithodorus spp., Ornithonyssus spp., Panonychus spp., for example Panonychus citri (=Metatetranychus citri), Panonychus ulmi ( =Metatetranychus ulmi), Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Platytetranychus multidigituli, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, Stene otars onemus spp., Steneotarsonemus spinki, Tarsonemus spp., for example Tarsonemus confusus, Tarsonemus pallidus, Tetranychus spp., for example Tetranychus canadensis, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus urticae, Trombicula alfreddugesi, Vaejovis spp., Vasates lycopersicv,
[0180] from the class of the Chilopoda, for example Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp.;
[0181] from the order or the class of the Collembola, for example Onychiurus armatus ;
Sminthurus viridis',
[0182] from the class of the Diplopoda, for example Blaniulus guttulatus ;
[0183] from the class of the Insecta, for example from the order of the Blattodea, for example Blatta orientalis, Blattella asahinai, Blattella germanica, Leucophaea maderae, Loboptera decipiens, Neostylopyga rhombifolia, Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta spp., for example Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, Supella longipalpa,
[0184] from the order of the Coleoptera, for example Acalymma vittatum, Ac antho sc elides obtectus, Adoretus spp., Aethina tumida, Agelastica alni, Agrilus spp., for example Agrilus planipennis, Agrilus coxalis, Agrilus bilineatus, Agrilus anxius, Agriotes spp., for example Agriotes linneatus, Agriotes mancus, Alphitobius diaperinus, Amphimallon solstitialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., for example Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus spp., for example Anthonomus grandis, Anthrenus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria spp., for example Atomaria linearis, Attagenus spp., Baris caerulescens, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp., for example Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus rufimanus, Cassida spp., Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorrhynchus spp., for example Ceutorrhynchus assimilis, Ceutorrhynchus quadridens, Ceutorrhynchus rapae, Chaetocnema spp., for example Chaetocnema confinis, Chaetocnema denticulata, Chaetocnema ectypa, Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., Cosmopolites spp., for example Cosmopolites sordidus, Costelytra zealandica, Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp., for example Curculio caryae, Curculio caryatrypes,Curculio obtusus, Curculio sayi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Cryptorhynchus mangiferae, Cylindrocopturus spp., Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Cylindrocopturusfurnissi, Dendroctonus spp., for example Dendroctonus ponderosae, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp., for example Diabrotica balteata, Diabrotica barberi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, Diabrotica undecimpunctata undecimpunctata, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Diabrotica virgifera zeae, Dichocrocis spp., Dicladispa armigera, Diloboderus spp., Epicaerus spp., Epilachna spp., for example Epilachna borealis, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix spp., for example Epitrix cucumeris, Epitrix fuscula, Epitrix hirtipennis, Epitrix subcrinita, Epitrix tuberis, Faustinus spp., Gibbium psylloides, Gnathocerus cornutus, Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator, Heteronyx spp., Hylamorpha elegans, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypomeces squamosus, Hypothenemus spp., for example Hypothenemus hampei, Hypothenemus obscurus, Hypothenemus pubescens, Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lasioderma serricorne, Latheticus oryzae, Lathridius spp., Lema spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Leucoptera spp., for example Leucoptera coffeella, Limonius ectypus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Listronotus (= Hyperodes) spp., Lixus spp., Luperodes spp., Luperomorpha xanthodera, Lyctus spp., Megacyllene spp., for example Megacyllene robiniae, Megascelis spp., Melanotus spp., for example Melanotus longulus oregonensis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha spp., for example Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., Naupactus xanthograp/arv, Necrobia spp., Neogalerucella spp., Niptus hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oryzaphagus oryzae, Otiorhynchus spp., for example Otiorhynchus cribricollis, Otiorhynchus ligustici, Otiorhynchus ovatus, Otiorhynchus rugosostriarus, Otiorhynchus sulcatus, Oulema spp., for example Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Phyllophaga helleri, Phyllotreta spp., for example Phyllotreta armoraciae, Phyllotreta pusilla, Phyllotreta ramosa, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Prostephanus truncatus, Psylliodes spp., for example Psylliodes ajfinis, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Psylliodes punctulata, Ptinus spp., Rhizobius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Rhynchophorus spp., Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Rhynchophorus palmarum, Scolytus spp., for example Scolytus multistriatus, Sinoxylon perforans, Sitophilus spp., for example Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus linearis, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Sphenophorus spp., Stegobium paniceum, Sternechus spp., for example Sterne chus paludatus, Symphyletes spp., Tanymecus spp., for example Tanymecus dilaticollis, Tanymecus indicus, Tanymecus palliatus, Tenebrio molitor, Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium spp., for example Tribolium audax, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus spp., for example Zabrus tenebrioides',
[0185] from the order of the Dermaptera, for example Anisolabis maritime, Forficula auricularia, Labidura riparia',
[0186] from the order of the Diptera, for example Aedes spp., for example Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes sticticus, Aedes vexans, Agromyza spp., for example Agromyza frontella, Agromyza parvicornis, Anastrepha spp., Anopheles spp., for example Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles gambiae, Asphondylia spp., Bactrocera spp., for example Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera oleae, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chironomus spp., Chrysomya spp., Chrysops spp., Chrysozona pluvialis, Cochliomya spp., Contarinia spp., for example Contarinia johnsoni, Contarinia nasturtii, Contarinia pyrivora, Contarinia schulzi, Contarinia sorghicola, Contarinia tritici, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cricotopus sylvestris, Culex spp., for example Culex pipiens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culicoides spp., Culiseta spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dasineura spp., for example Dasineura brassicae, Delia spp., for example Delia antiqua, Delia coarctata, Delia florilega, Delia platura, Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., for example Drosphila melanogaster, Drosophila suzukii, Echinocnemus spp., Euleia heraclei, Fannia spp., Gasterophilus spp., Glossma spp., Haematopota spp., Hydrellia spp., Hydrellia griseola, Hylemya spp., Hippobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza spp., for example Liriomyza brassicae, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Liriomyza sativae, Lucilia spp., for example Lucilia cuprina, Lutzomyia spp., Mansonia spp., Musca spp., for example Musca domestica, Musca domestica vicina, Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Paratanytarsus spp., Paralauterborniella subcincta, Pegomya or Pegomyia spp., for example Pegomya betae, Pegomya hyoscyami, Pegomya rubivora, Phlebotomus spp., Phorbia spp., Phormia spp., Piophila casei, Platyparea poeciloptera, Prodiplosis spp., Psila rosae, Rhagoletis spp., for example Rhagoletis cingulata, Rhagoletis completa, Rhagoletis fausta, Rhagoletis indifferens, Rhagoletis mendax, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sarcophaga spp., Simulium spp., for example Simulium meridionale, Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tetanops spp., Tipula spp., for example Tipula paludosa, Tipula simplex, Toxotrypana curvicauda ,
[0187] from the order of the Hemiptera, for example Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae, Acizzaa dodonaeae, Acizzia uncatoides, Acrida turrita, Acyrthosipon spp., for example Acyrthosiphon pisum, Acrogonia spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aleurocanthus spp., Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Allocaridara malayensis, Amrasca spp., for example Amrasca bigutulla, Amrasca devastans, Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., for example Aonidiella aurantii, Aonidiella citrina, Aonidiella inornata, Aphanostigma piri, Aphis spp., for example Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis hederae, Aphis illinoisensis, Aphis middletoni, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis nerii, Aphis pomi, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis viburniphila, Arboridia apicalis, Arytainilla spp., Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., for example Aspidiotus nerii, Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia tabaci, Blastopsylla occidentalis, Boreioglycaspis melaleucae, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycolus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp., for example Cacopsylla pyricola, Calligypona marginata, Capulinia spp., Carneocephala fulgida, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chondracris rosea, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus aonidum, Chrys omphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., for example Coccus hesperidum, Coccus longulus, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, Coccus viridis, Cryptomyzus ribis, Cryptoneossa spp., Ctenarytaina spp., Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes chittendeni, Dialeurodes citri, Diaphorina citri, Diaspis spp., Diur aphis spp., Doralis spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., for example Dysaphis apiifolia, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis tulipae, Dysmicoccus spp., Empoasca spp., for example Empoasca abrupta, Empoasca fabae , Empoasca maligna, Empoasca solana, Empoasca stevensi, Eriosoma spp., for example Eriosoma americanum, Eriosoma lanigerum, Eriosoma pyricola, Erythroneura spp., Eucalyptolyma spp., Euphyllura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Ferrisia spp., Fiorinia spp., Furcaspis oceanica, Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspis spp., Heteropsylla cubana, Heteropsylla spinulosa, Homalodisca coagulata, Hyalopterus arundinis, Hyalopterus pruni, Icerya spp., for example Icerya purchasi, Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., for example Lecanium corni ( =Parthenolecanium corni), Lepidosaphes spp., for example Lepidosaphes ulmi, Lipaphis erysimi, Lopholeucaspis japonica, Lycorma delicatula, Macrosiphum spp., for example Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum lilii, Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles facifrons, Mahanarva spp., Melanaphis sacchari, Metcalfiella spp., Metcalfa pruinosa, Metopolophium dirhodum, Monellia costalis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., for example Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus ligustri, Myzus ornatus, Myzus persicae, Myzus nicotianae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Neomaskellia spp., Nephotettix spp., for example Nephotettix cincticeps, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nettigoniclla spectra, Nilaparvata lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Oxya chinensis, Pachypsylla spp., Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp., for example Paratrioza cockerelli, Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., for example Pemphigus bursarius, Pemphigus populivenae, Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella spp., Phenacoccus spp., for example Phenacoccus madeirensis, Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp., for example Phylloxera devastatrix, Phylloxera notabilis, Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Planococcus spp., for example Planococcus citri, Prosopidopsylla flava, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., for example Pseudococcus calceolariae, Pseudococcus comstocki, Pseudococcus longispinus, Pseudococcus maritimus, Pseudococcus viburni, Psyllopsis spp., Psylla spp., for example Psylla buxi, Psylla mali, Psylla pyri, Pteromalus spp., Pulvinaria spp., Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., for example Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae, Quadraspidiotus ostreaeformis, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., for example Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum oxyacanthae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale , Saissetia spp., for example Saissetia coffeae, Saissetia miranda, Saissetia neglecta, Saissetia oleae, Scaphoideus titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sipha flava, Sitobion avenae, Sogata spp., Sogatella furcifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Siphoninus phillyreae, Tenalaphara malayensis,Tetragonocephela spp., Tinocallis caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., for example Toxoptera aurantii, Toxoptera citricidus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., for example Trioza diospyri, Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii, Zygina spp.;
[0188] from the suborder of the Heteroptera, for example Aelia spp., Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Boisea spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., for example Cimex adjunctus, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Cimex pilosellus, Collaria spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., for example Euschistus her os, Euschistus servus, Euschistus tristigmus, Euschistus variolarius, Eurydema spp., Eurygaster spp., Halyomorpha halys, Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Leptocorisa spp., Leptocorisa varicornis, Leptoglossus occidentalis, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygocoris spp., for example Lygocoris pabulinus, Lygus spp., for example Lygus elisus, Lygus hesperus, Lygus lineolaris, Macropes excavatus, Megacopta cribraria, Miridae, Monalonion atratum, Nezara spp., for example Nezara viridula, Nysius spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp., for example Piezodorus guildinii, Psallus spp., Pseudacysta persea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris castanea, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca spp., Triatoma spp.;
[0189] from the order of the Hymenoptera, for example Acromyrmex spp., Athalia spp., for example Athalia rosae, Atta spp., Camponotus spp., Dolichovespula spp., Diprion spp., for example Diprion similis, Hoplocampa spp., for example Hoplocampa cookei, Hoplocampa testudinea, Lasius spp., Linepithema (Iridiomyrmex) humile, Monomorium pharaonis, Paratrechina spp., Paravespula spp., Plagiolepis spp., Sirex spp., for example Sirex noctilio, Solenopsis invicta, Tapinoma spp., Technomyrmex albipes, Urocerus spp., Vespa spp., for example Vespa crabro, Wasmannia auropunctata, Xeris spp.;
[0190] from the order of the Isopoda, for example Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber,
[0191] from the order of the Isoptera, for example Coptotermes spp., for example Coptotermes formosanus, Cornitermes cumulans, Cryptotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Microtermes obesi, Nasutitermes spp., Odontotermes spp., Porotermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., for example Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes hesperus',
[0192] from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example Achroia grisella, Acronicta major, Adoxophyes spp., for example Adoxophyes orana, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp., for example Agrotis segetum, Agrotis ipsilon, Alabama spp., for example Alabama argillacea, Amyelois transitella, Anarsia spp., Anticarsia spp., for example Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyroploce spp., Autographa spp., Barathra brassicae, Blastodacna atra, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Busseola spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia theivora, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Carposina niponensis, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., for example Chilo plejadellus, Chilo suppressalis, Choreutis pariana, Choristoneura spp., Chrysodeixis chalcites, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cnephasia spp., Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus spp., Copitarsia spp., Cydia spp., for example Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, Dalaca noctuides, Diaphania spp., Diparopsis spp., Diatraea saccharalis, Dioryctria spp., for example Dioryctria zimmermani, Earias spp., Ecdytolopha aurantium, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana saccharina, Ephestia spp., for example Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, Epinotia spp., Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis spp., Erschoviella musculana, Etiella spp., Eudocima spp., Eulia spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis spp., for example Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Gracillaria spp., Grapholitha spp., for example Grapholita molesta, Grapholita prunivora, Hedylepta spp., Helicoverpa spp., for example Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis spp., for example Heliothis virescens, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homoeosoma spp., Homona spp., Hyponomeuta padella, Kakivoria flavofasciata, Lampides spp., Laphygma spp., Laspeyresia molesta, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera spp., for example Leucoptera coffeella, Lithocolletis spp., for example Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Lobesia spp., for example Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria spp., for example Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia spp., for example Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Maruca testulalis, Mamestra brassicae, Melanitis leda, Mods spp., Monopis obviella, Mythimna separata, Nemapogon cloacellus, Nymphula spp., Oiketicus spp., Omphisa spp., Operophtera spp., Oria spp., Orthaga spp., Ostrinia spp., for example Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Parnara spp., Pectinophora spp., for example Pectinophora gossypiella, Perileucoptera spp., Phthorimaea spp., for example Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp., for example Phyllonorycter blancardella, Phyllonorycter crataegella, Pieris spp., for example Pieris rapae, Platynota stultana, Plodia interpunctella, Plusia spp., Plutella xylostella (=Plutella maculipennis), Podesia spp., for example Podesia syringae, Prays spp., Prodenia spp., Protoparce spp., Pseudaletia spp., for example Pseudaletia unipuncta, Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Rachiplusia nu, Schoenobius spp., for example Schoenobius bipunctifer, Scirpophaga spp., for example Scirpophaga innotata, Scotia segetum, Sesamia spp., for example Sesamia inferens, Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., for example Spodoptera eradiana, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera praefica, Stathmopoda spp., Stenoma spp., Stomopteryx subsecivella, Synanthedon spp., Tecia solanivora, Thaumetopoea spp., Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea cloacella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix spp., Trichophaga tapetzella, Trichoplusia spp., for example Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza incertulas, Tuta absoluta, Virachola spp.;
[0193] from the order of the Orthoptera or Saltatoria, for example Acheta domesticus, Dichroplus spp., Gryllotalpa spp., for example Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Hieroglyphus spp., Locusta spp., for example Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus spp., for example Melanoplus devastator, Paratlanticus ussuriensis, Schistocerca gregaria;
[0194] from the order of the Phthiraptera, for example Damalinia spp., Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phylloxera vastatrix, Phthirus pubis, Trichodectes spp.;
[0195] from the order of the Psocoptera, for example Lepinotus spp., Liposcelis spp.;
[0196] from the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus spp.,
Ctenocephalides spp., for example Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla cheopis', [0197] from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example Anaphothrips obscurus, Baliothrips biformis, Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni, Drepanothrips reuteri, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., for example Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Frankliniella tritici, Frankliniella vaccinii, Frankliniella williamsi, Haplothrips spp., Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamomi, Thrips spp., for example Thrips palmi, Thrips tabacv,
[0198] from the order of the Zygentoma (= Thysanura), for example Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus, Thermobia domestica,
[0199] from the class of the Symphyla, for example Scutigerella spp., for example Scutigerella immaculata,
[0200] pests from the phylum of the Mollusca, for example from the class of the Bivalvia, for example Dreissena spp.,
[0201] and also from the class of the Gastropoda, for example Arion spp., for example Arion ater rufus, Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., for example Deroceras laeve, Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea spp., Succinea spp.;
[0202] plant pests from the phylum of the Nematoda, i.e., phytoparasitic nematodes, in particular Aglenchus spp., for example Aglenchus agricola, Anguina spp., for example Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides spp., for example Aphelenchoides arachidis, Aphelenchoides fragariae, Belonolaimus spp., for example Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, Bursaphelenchus spp., for example Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Cacopaurus spp., for example Cacopaurus pestis, Criconemella spp., for example Criconemella curvata, Criconemella onoensis, Criconemella ornata, Criconemella rusium, Criconemella xenoplax (= Mesocriconema xenoplax), Criconemoides spp., for example Criconemoides ferniae, Criconemoides onoense, Criconemoides ornatum, Ditylenchus spp., for example Ditylenchus dipsaci, Dolichodorus spp., Globodera spp., for example Globodera pallida, Globodera rostochiensis , Helicotylenchus spp., for example Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hemicriconemoides spp., Hemicycliophora spp., Heterodera spp., for example Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Hirschmaniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Longidorus spp., for example Longidorus africanus, Meloidogyne spp., for example Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne fallax, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloinema spp., Nacobbus spp., Neotylenchus spp., Paralongidorus spp., Paraphelenchus spp., Paratrichodorus spp., for example Paratrichodorus minor, Paratylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp., for example Pratylenchus penetrans, Pseudohalenchus spp., Psilenchus spp., Punctodera spp., Quinisulcius spp., Radopholus spp., for example Radopholus citrophilus, Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus spp., Rotylenchus spp., Scutellonema spp., Subanguina spp., Trichodorus spp., for example Trichodorus obtusus, Trichodorus primitivus, Tylenchorhynchus spp., for example Tylenchorhynchus annulatus, Tylenchulus spp., for example Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Xiphinema spp., for example Xiphinema index.
Nematodes
[0203] In the present context, the term “nematodes” comprises all species of the phylum Nematoda and here in particular species acting as parasites on plants or fungi (for example species of the order Aphelenchida, Meloidogyne, Tylenchida and others) or else on humans and animals (for example species of the orders Trichinellida, Tylenchida, Rhabditina and Spirurida) and causing damage in or on these living organisms, and also other parasitic helminths.
[0204] A nematicide in crop protection, as described herein, is capable of controlling nematodes.
[0205] The term “controlling nematodes” means killing the nematodes or preventing or impeding their development or their growth or preventing or impeding their penetration into or their sucking on plant tissue.
[0206] Here, the efficacy of the compounds is determined by comparing mortalities, gall formation, cyst formation, nematode density per volume of soil, nematode density per root, number of nematode eggs per soil volume, mobility of the nematodes between a plant or plant part treated with combinations of the invention or the treated soil and an untreated plant or plant part or the untreated soil (100%). Preferably, the reduction achieved is 25-50% in comparison to an untreated plant, plant part or the untreated soil, particularly preferably 51-79% and very particularly preferably the complete kill or the complete prevention of development and growth of the nematodes by a reduction of 80 to 100%. The control of nematodes as described herein also comprises the control of proliferation of the nematodes (development of cysts and/or eggs). Combinations of the invention can also be used to keep the plants or animals healthy, and they can be employed curatively, preventatively or systemically for the control of nematodes.
[0207] The person skilled in the art knows methods for determining mortalities, gall formation, cyst formation, nematode density per volume of soil, nematode density per root, number of nematode eggs per volume of soil, mobility of the nematodes.
[0208] The use of combinations of the invention may keep the plant healthy and also comprises a reduction of the damage caused by nematodes and an increase of the harvest yield.
[0209] In the present context, the term "nematodes" refers to plant nematodes which comprise all nematodes which damage plants. Plant nematodes comprise phytoparasitic nematodes and soil-borne nematodes. The phytoparasitic nematodes include ectoparasites such as Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp. and Trichodorus spp.; semiparasites such as Tylenchulus spp.; migratory endoparasites such as Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus spp. and Scutellonema spp.; non- migratory parasites such as Heterodera spp., Globodera spp. and Meloidogyne spp., and also stem and leaf endoparasites such as Ditylenchus spp., Aphelenchoides spp. and Hirschmaniella spp. Particularly damaging root-parasitic soil nematodes are, for example, cyst- forming nematodes of the genera Heterodera or Globodera, and/or root gall nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. Damaging species of these genera are, for example, Meloidogyne incognita, Heterodera glycines (soya bean cyst nematode), Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode), these species being controlled effectively by the compounds described in the present text. However, the use of the compounds described in the present text is by no means restricted to these genera or species, but also extends in the same manner to other nematodes.
[0210] The plant nematodes include, for example, Aglenchus agricola, Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides arachidis, Aphelenchoides fragaria, and the stem and leaf endoparasites Aphelenchoides spp., Belonolaimus gracilis, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, Bursaphelenchus cocophilus, Bursaphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus und Bursaphelenchus spp., Cacopaurus pestis, Criconemella curvata, Criconemella onoensis, Criconemella ornata, Criconemella rusium, Criconemella xenoplax (= Mesocriconema xenoplax ) and Criconemella spp., Criconemoides ferniae, Criconemoides onoense, Criconemoides ornatum and Criconemoides spp., Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus myceliophagus and also the stem and leaf endoparasites Ditylenchus spp., Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Globodera pallida ( =Heterodera pallida), Globodera rostochiensis (yellow potato cyst nematode), Globodera solanacearum, Globodera tabacum, Globodera Virginia and the non- migratory cyst-forming parasites Globodera spp., Helicotylenchus digonicus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus erythrine, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Helicotylenchus nannus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus and Helicotylenchus spp., Hemicriconemoides, Hemicycliophora arenaria, Hemicycliophora nudata, Hemicycliophora parvana, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera cruciferae, Heterodera glycines (soya bean cyst nematode), Heterodera oryzae, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera zeae and the non-migratory cyst-forming parasites Heterodera spp., Hirschmaniella gracilis, Hirschmaniella oryzae, Hirschmaniella spinicaudata and the stem and leaf endoparasites Hirschmaniella spp., Hoplolaimus aegyptii, Hoplolaimus californicus, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Hoplolaimus indicus, Hoplolaimus magnistylus, Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Longidorus africanus, Longidorus breviannulatus , Longidorus elongalus, Longidorus laevicapitatus, Longidorus vineacola and the ectoparasites Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne acronea, Meloidogyne africana, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne arenaria thamesi, Meloidogyne artiella, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne coffeicola, Meloidogyne ethiopica, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne fallax, Meloidogyne graminicola, Meloidogyne graminis, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne kikuyensis, Meloidogyne minor, Meloidogyne naasi, Meloidogyne paranaensis, Meloidogyne thamesi and the non-migratory parasites Meloidogyne spp., Meloinema spp., Nacobbus aberrans, Neotylenchus vigissi, Paraphelenchus pseudoparietinus, Paratrichodorus allius, Paratrichodorus lobatus, Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus nanus, Paratrichodorus porosus, Paratrichodorus teres and Paratrichodorus spp., Paratylenchus hamatus, Paratylenchus minutus, Paratylenchus projectus and Paratylenchus spp., Pratylenchus agilis, Pratylenchus alleni, Pratylenchus andinus, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus cerealis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus delattrei, Pratylenchus giibbicaudatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylenchus hamatus, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus loosi, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus teres, Pratylenchus thornei, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and the migratory endoparasites Pratylenchus spp., Pseudohalenchus minitus, Psilenchus magnidens, Psilenchus tumidus, Punctodera chalcoensis, Quinisulcius acutus, Radopholus citrophilus, Radopholus similis, the migratory endoparasites Radopholus spp., Rotylenchulus borealis, Rotylenchulus parvus, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Rotylenchulus spp., Rotylenchus laurentinus, Rotylenchus macrodoratus, Rotylenchus robustus, Rotylenchus uniformis and Rotylenchus spp., Scutellonema brachyurum, Scutellonema bradys, Scutellonema clathricaudatum and the migratory endoparasites Scutellonema spp., Subanguina radiciola, Tetylenchus nicotianae, Trichodorus cylindricus, Trichodorus minor, Trichodorus primitivus, Trichodorus proximus, Trichodorus similis, Trichodorus sparsus and the ectoparasites Trichodorus spp., Tylenchorhynchus agri, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Tylenchorhynchus clarus, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus digitatus, Tylenchorhynchus ebriensis, Tylenchorhynchus maximus, Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris and Tylenchorhynchus spp., Tylenchulus semipenetrans and the semiparasites Tylenchulus spp., Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema dimorphicaudatum, Xiphinema index and the ectoparasites Xiphinema spp.
[0211] Nematodes for the control of which a compound of the formula (I) may be used include nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne such as the Southern root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita), the Javanese root-knot nematode {Meloidogyne javanica), the Northern root-knot nematode {Meloidogyne hapla) and the peanut root-knot nematode {Meloidogyne arenariaf, nematodes of the genus Ditylenchus such as the potato rot nematode ( Ditylenchus destructor ) and stem and bulb eelworm ( Ditylenchus dipsaci)·, nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus such as the cob root-lesion nematode ( Pratylenchus penetrans), the chrysanthemum root- lesion nematode (Pratylenchus fallax), the coffee root nematode ( Pratylenchus coffeae ), the tea root nematode ( Pratylenchus loosi) and the walnut root- lesion nematode ( Pratylenchus vulnusf, nematodes of the genus Globodera such as the yellow potato cyst nematode ( Globodera rostochiensis) and the white potato cyst nematode ( Globodera pallida)-, nematodes of the genus Pleterodera such as the soya bean cyst nematode ( Pleterodera glycines) and beet cyst eelworm ( Heterodera schachtii)-, nematodes of the genus Aphelenchoides such as the rice white-tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi), the chrysanthemum nematode (Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi) and the strawberry nematode (Aphelenchoides fragariae)-, nematodes of the genus Aphelenchus such as the fungivorous nematode (Aphelenchus avenae)-, nematodes of the genus Radopholus, such as the burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis)-, nematodes of the genus Tylenchulus such as the citrus root nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)-, nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus such as the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis)-, tree-dwelling nematodes such as the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and the red ring nematode (Bursaphelenchus cocophilus) and the like.
[0212] Plants for the protection of which combinations of the invention can be used include plants such as cereals (for example rice, barley, wheat, rye, oats, maize and the like), beans (soya bean, aduki bean, bean, broadbean, peas, peanuts and the like), fruit trees/fruits (apples, citrus species, pears, grapevines, peaches, Japanese apricots, cherries, walnuts, almonds, bananas, strawberries and the like), vegetable species (cabbage, tomato, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, onions, spring onion, pepper and the like), root crops (carrot, potato, sweet potato, radish, lotus root, turnip and the like), plant for industrial raw materials (cotton, hemp, paper mulberry, mitsumata, rape, beet, hops, sugar cane, sugar beet, olive, rubber, palm trees, coffee, tobacco, tea and the like), cucurbits (pumpkin, cucumber, water melon, melon and the like), meadow plants (cocksfoot, sorghum, timothy-grass, clover, alfalfa and the like), lawn grasses (mascarene grass, bentgrass and the like), spice plants etc. (lavender, rosemary, thyme, parsley, pepper, ginger and the like) and flowers (chrysanthemums, rose, orchid and the like).
[0213] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling coffee nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne coffeicola, Helicotylenchus spp. and also Meloidogyne paranaensis, Rotylenchus spp., Xiphinema spp., T ylenchorhynchus spp. and Scutellonema spp. [0214] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling potato nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus coffeae, Ditylenchus dipsaci and of Pratylenchus alleni, Pratylenchus andinus, Pratylenchus cerealis, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus loosi, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus teres, Pratylenchus //lornei, Pratylenchus vulnus, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Trichodorus cylindricus, Trichodorus primitivus, Trichodorus proximus, Trichodorus similis, Trichodorus sparsus, Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus allius, Paratrichodorus nanus, Paratrichodorus teres, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne fallax, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne thamesi, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, Meloidogyne javanica, Nacobbus aberrans, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Ditylenchus destructor, Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Neotylenchus vigissi, Paraphelenchus pseudoparietinus, Aphelenchoides fragariae and Meloinema spp.
[0215] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling tomato nematodes, in particular Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus cojfeae, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Paratrichodorus minor, Meloidogyne exigua, Nacobbus aberrans, Globodera solanacearum, Dolichodorus heterocephalus and Rotylenchulus reniformis.
[0216] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling cucumber plant nematodes, in particular Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Pratylenchus thornei.
[0217] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling cotton nematodes, in particular Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Meloidogyne incognita, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and Rotylenchulus reniformis.
[0218] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling maize nematodes, in particular Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Paratrichodorus minor and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus delattrei, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus zeae, ( Belonolaimus gracilis), Belonolaimus nortoni, Longidorus breviannulatus, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne arenaria thamesi, Meloidogyne graminis, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne naasi, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera oryzae, Heterodera zeae, Punctodera chalcoensis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Hoplolaimus aegyptii, Hoplolaimus magnistylus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Hoplolaimus indicus, Helicotylenchus digonicus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Xiphinema americanum, Dolichodorus heterocephalus , Criconemella ornata, Criconemella onoensis, Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus borealis, Rotylenchulus parvus, Tylenchorhynchus agri, Tylenchorhynchus clarus, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus maximus, Tylenchorhynchus nudus, Tylenchorhynchus vulgaris, Quinisulcius acutus, Paratylenchus minutus, Hemicycliophora parvana, Aglenchus agricola, Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides arachidis, Scutellonema brachyurum and Subanguina radiciola.
[0219] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling soya bean nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Heterodera glycines, Hoplolaimus columbus and also Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus alleni, Pratylenchus agilis, Pratylenchus zeae, Pratylenchus vulnus, ( Belonolaimus gracilis), Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne hapla, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus and Rotylenchulus reniformis.
[0220] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling tobacco nematodes, in particular Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus thornei, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae, Longidorus elongatu, Paratrichodorus lobatus, Trichodorus spp., Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Globodera tabacum, Globodera solanacearum, Globodera virginiae, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Rotylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Xiphinema americanum, Criconemella spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Paratylenchus spp. and Tetylenchus nicotianae.
[0221] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling citrus nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus coffeae and also Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus vulnus, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus porosus, Trichodorus, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne javanica, Rotylenchus macrodoratus, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema index, Criconemella spp., Hemicriconemoides, Radopholus similis and Radopholus citrophilus, Hemicycliophora arenaria, Hemicycliophora nudata and Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
[0222] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling banana nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus coffeae, Radopholus similis and also Pratylenchus giibbicaudatus, Pratylenchus loosi, Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus multicinctus , Helicotylenchus dihystera and Rotylenchulus spp. [0223] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling pineapple nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus zeae, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus goodeyi., Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis and also Longidorus elongatus, Longidorus laevicapitatus, Trichodorus primitivus, Trichodorus minor, Heterodera spp., Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Hoplolaimus calif ornicus, Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Hoplolaimus indicus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus nannus, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Helicotylenchus erythrine, Xiphinema dimorphic audatum, Radopholus similis, Tylenchorhynchus digitatus, Tylenchorhynchus ebriensis, Paratylenchus minutus, Scutellonema clathricaudatum, Scutellonema bradys, Psilenchus tumidus, Psilenchus magnidens, Pseudohalenchus minutus, Criconemoides ferniae, Criconemoides onoense and Criconemoides ornatum.
[0224] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling grapevine nematodes, in particular Pratylenchus vulnus, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index and also Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus thornei and Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
[0225] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling nematodes in tree crops - pome fruit, in particular Pratylenchus penetrans and also Pratylenchus vulnus, Longidorus elongatus, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla.
[0226] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling nematodes in tree crops - stone fruit, in particular Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus vulnus, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Criconemella xenoplax and of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus cojfeae, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus zeae, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Xiphinema americanum, Criconemella curvata, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Paratylenchus hamatus, Paratylenchus projectus, Scutellonema brachyurum and Hoplolaimus galeatus.
[0227] The combinations of the invention are particularly suitable for controlling nematodes in tree crops, sugar cane and rice, in particular Trichodorus spp., Criconemella spp. and also Pratylenchus spp., Paratrichodorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Tylenchorhynchus spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Heterodera spp, Xiphinema spp. and Cacopaurus pestis.
[0228] The combinations of the invention can optionally, at certain concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or active compounds to improve plant properties, as microbicides or gametocides, for example as fungicides, antimycotics, bactericides, viricides (including active compounds against viroids) or as active compounds against MLO (mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (rickettsia-like organisms). If appropriate, they can also be used as intermediates or precursors for the synthesis of other active compounds.
[0229] In one embodiment according to the invention, a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more pesticide(s). A pesticide as used herein is an insecticide, a nematicide and/or an acaricide.
[0230] In one embodiment according to the invention, a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more insecticide(s).
[0231] In one embodiment according to the invention, a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more nematicide(s).
[0232] In one embodiment according to the invention, a compound (a) is present in combination with one or more acaricide(s).
[0233] “Insecticides” as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”.
[0234] “Nematicide” and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term “nematode” comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
[0235] “Acaricide” and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
[0236] If one of the compounds mentioned below can occur in different tautomeric forms, these forms are also included even if not explicitly mentioned in each case. Further, all named mixing partners can, if their functional groups enable this, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids.
Compositions/F ormulations
[0237] The present invention further relates to compositions for controlling unwanted microorganisms, comprising the compound combination according to the invention. The compositions may be applied to the microorganisms and/or in their habitat.
[0238] The composition comprises a a Paenibacillus sp. strain and one or more compound(s) b) and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary, e.g., carrier(s) and/or surfactant(s). In some cases, the composition may be composed of two ready-made formulations. [0239] A carrier is a solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that is generally inert. The carrier generally improves the application of the compounds, for instance, to plants, plants parts or seeds. Examples of suitable solid carriers include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts, in particular ammonium sulfates, ammonium phosphates and ammonium nitrates, natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, silica gel and synthetic rock flours, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates. Examples of typically useful solid carriers for preparing granules include, but are not limited to cmshed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Examples of suitable liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, organic solvents and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable solvents include polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (such as cyclohexane, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, xylene, toluene, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride), alcohols and polyols (which may optionally also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol or glycol), ketones (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides (such as dimethylformamide or fatty acid amides) and esters thereof, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones, in particular N-methylpyrrolidone) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide), oils of vegetable or animal origin. The carrier may also be a liquefied gaseous extender, i.e., liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
[0240] Preferred solid carriers are selected from clays, talc and silica.
[0241] Preferred liquid carriers are selected from water, fatty acid amides and esters thereof, aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons, lactams and carbonic acid esters.
[0242] The amount of carrier typically ranges from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 5 to 99.9%, more preferably from 10 to 99.5%, and most preferably from 20 to 99% by weight of the composition.
[0243] Liquid carriers are typically present in a range of from 20 to 90%, for example 30 to 80% by weight of the composition.
[0244] Solid carriers are typically present in a range of from 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 45%, for example 10 to 30% by weight of the composition. [0245] If the composition comprises two or more carriers, the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of carriers.
[0246] The surfactant can be an ionic (cationic or anionic), amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant, such as ionic or non-ionic emulsifier(s), foam former(s), dispersant(s), wetting active compound(s), penetration enhancer(s) and any mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulfonic acid (such as sodium lignosulfonate), salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as castor oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl poly glycol ethers), substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols) and ethoxylates thereof (such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols (such a fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitol or sucrose), sulfates (such as alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates), sulfonates (for example, alkylsulfonates, arylsulfonates and alkylbenzene sulfonates), phosphate esters, protein hydrolysates, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose. Any reference to salts in this paragraph refers preferably to the respective alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts.
[0247] Preferred surfactants are selected from polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, castor oil ethoxylate, sodium lignosulfonate and arylphenol ethoxylates, such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate.
[0248] The amount of surfactants typically ranges from 5 to 40%, for example 10 to 20%, by weight of the composition.
[0249] Further examples of suitable auxiliaries include water repellents, siccatives, binders (adhesive, tackifier, fixing active compound, such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids, polyvinylpyrrolidone and tylose), thickeners and secondary thickeners (such as cellulose ethers, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan gum, modified clays, e.g., the products available under the name Bentone, and finely divided silica), stabilizers (e.g., cold stabilizers, preservatives (e.g., dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal), antioxidants, light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, or other active compounds which improve chemical and/or physical stability), dyes or pigments (such as inorganic pigments, e.g., iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue; organic dyes, e.g., alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes), antifoams (e.g., silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate), antifreezes, stickers, gibberellins and processing auxiliaries, mineral and vegetable oils, perfumes, waxes, nutrients (including trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc), protective colloids, thixotropic substances, penetrants, sequestering active compounds and complex formers.
[0250] The choice of the auxiliaries depends on the intended mode of application of the compound combination of the invention and/or on the physical properties of the active compound(s) present in said compound combination. Furthermore, the auxiliaries may be chosen to impart particular properties (technical, physical and/or biological properties) to the compositions or use forms prepared therefrom. The choice of auxiliaries may allow customizing the compositions to specific needs.
[0251] The composition of the invention may be provided to the end user as ready-for- use formulation, i.e., the compositions may be directly applied to the plants or seeds by a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device. Alternatively, the compositions may be provided to the end user in the form of concentrates which have to be diluted, preferably with water, prior to use.
[0252] The composition of the invention can be prepared in conventional manners, for example by mixing the compound combination of the invention with one or more suitable auxiliaries, such as disclosed herein above.
[0253] The composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of a compound combination of the invention . The term “effective amount” denotes an amount, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound combination of the invention used. Usually, the composition according to the invention contains from 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 98% by weight, more preferred from 0.1 to 95% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight, most preferably from 1 to 80% by weight of the compound combination of the invention.
[0254] The composition of the invention may be in any customary composition type, such as solutions (e.g., aqueous solutions), emulsions, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders (e.g., wettable powders, soluble powders), dusts, pastes, granules (e.g., soluble granules, granules for broadcasting), suspoemulsion concentrates, natural or synthetic products impregnated with the compound combination of the invention, fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances. The compound combination of the invention may be present in a suspended, emulsified or dissolved form. Examples of particular suitable composition types are solutions, watersoluble concentrates (e.g., SL, LS), dispersible concentrates (DC), suspensions and suspension concentrates (e.g., SC, OD, OF, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g., EC), emulsions (e.g., EW, EO, ES, ME, SE), capsules (e.g., CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g., WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g., BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g., WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g., LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g., GW, GF). These and further compositions types are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). An overview is given in the “Catalogue of Pesticide Formulation Types and International Coding System”, Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, Croplife International.
[0255] Preferably, the composition of the invention is in form of one of the following types: EC, SC, FS, SE, OD and WG, more preferred EC, SC, OD and WG.
[0256] Further details about examples of composition types and their preparation are given below. The outlined amount of compound combination of the invention refers to the total amount of compounds (A) and (B) present in the compound combination of the present invention. If two or more representatives of any further component of the composition, e.g., wetting active compound, binder, are present, the outlined amounts of the respective component refers to the total amount of all representatives of said component, e.g., all wetting active compounds, all binders, all solvents and so on. i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
[0257] 10-60% by weight of the compound combination of the invention and 5-15% by weight surfactant (e.g., polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) are dissolved in such amount of water and/or water-soluble solvent (e.g., alcohols such as propylene glycol or carbonates such as propylene carbonate) to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Before application the concentrate is diluted with water. ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC)
[0258] 5-25% by weight of the compound combination of the invention and 1-10% by weight surfactant and/or binder (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone) are dissolved in such amount of organic solvent (e.g., cyclohexanone) to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. iii) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)
[0259] 15-70% by weight of the compound combination of the invention and 5-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxy late) are dissolved in such amount of water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon or fatty acid amide) and if needed additional water-soluble solvent to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
[0260] 5-40% by weight of the compound combination of the invention and 1-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxy late) are dissolved in 20-40% by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon). This mixture is added to such amount of water by means of an emulsifying machine to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. The resulting composition is a homogeneous emulsion. Before application the emulsion may be further diluted with water. v) Suspensions and suspension concentrates v-1) Water-based (SC, FS)
[0261] In a suitable grinding equipment, e.g., an agitated ball mill, 20-60% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2% by weight thickener (e.g., xanthan gum) and water to give a fine active substance suspension. Water is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substances. For FS type compositions up to 40% by weight binder (e.g., polyvinylalcohol) is added. v-2) Oil-based (OD, OF)
[0262] In a suitable grinding equipment, e.g., an agitated ball mill, 20-60% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2% by weight thickener (e.g., modified clay, in particular Bentone, or silica) and an organic carrier to give a fine active substance oil suspension. The organic carrier is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion of the active substances. vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
[0263] 50-80% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are ground finely with addition of surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and converted to water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e.g., extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). The surfactant is used in such amount to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substances. vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS) [0264] 50-80% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are ground in a suitable mill, preferably a rotor-stator mill, with addition of 1-8% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and such amount of solid carrier, e.g., silica gel, to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substances. viii) Gel (GW, GF)
[0265] In a suitable mill, e.g., an agitated ball mill, 5-25% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are comminuted with addition of 3-10% by weight surfactant (e.g., sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5% by weight binder (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose) and such amount of water to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. This results in a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substances. ix) Microemulsion (ME)
[0266] 5-20% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are added to 5-
30% by weight organic solvent blend (e.g., fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25% by weight surfactant blend (e.g., polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether and arylphenol ethoxylate), and such amount of water to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. This mixture is stirred for 1 h to produce spontaneously a thermodynamically stable microemulsion. x) Microcapsules (CS)
[0267] An oil phase comprising 5-50% by weight of the compound combination of the invention, 0-40% by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15% by weight acrylic monomers (e.g., methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules. Alternatively, an oil phase comprising 5-50% by weight of the compound combination of the invention, 0-40% by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon), and an isocyanate monomer (e.g., diphenylmethene-4,4'-diisocyanatae) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol). The addition of a polyamine (e.g., hexamethylenediamine) results in the formation of polyurea microcapsules. The monomers amount to 1-10% by weight of the total CS composition. xi) Dustable powders (DP, DS)
[0268] 1-10% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are ground finely and mixed intimately with such amount of solid carrier, e.g., finely divided kaolin, to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. xii) Granules (GR, FG) [0269] 0.5-30% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are ground finely and associated with such amount of solid carrier (e.g., silicate) to result in a total amount of 100% by weight. Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. xiii) Ultra-low volume liquids (UL)
[0270] 1-50% by weight of the compound combination of the invention are dissolved in such amount of organic solvent, e.g., aromatic hydrocarbon, to result in a total amount of 100% by weight.
[0271] The compositions types i) to xiii) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, such as 0.1-1% by weight preservatives, 0.1-1% by weight antifoams, 0.1-1% by weight dyes and/or pigments, and 5-10% by weight antifreezes.
[0272] The compound combination of the invention may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial active compounds.
[0273] Examples of agriculturally beneficial active compounds include biostimulants, plant growth regulators/promotors, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo- ehitooligosaecharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrildns, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp., Glomus spp., Gigaspora spp., Hymenoscyphous spp., Oidiodendron spp., Laccaria spp., Pisolithus spp., Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Arthrobacter spp., Arthrobotrys spp., Aspergillus spp., Azospirillum spp., Bacillus spp., Burkholderia spp., Candida spp., Chryseomonas spp., Enlerobacter spp., Eupenicillium spp., Exiguobacterium spp., Klebsiella spp., Kluyvera spp., Microbacterium spp., Mucor spp., Paecilomyces spp., Paenibacillus spp., Penicillium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Stenotrophomonas spp., Streptomyces spp., Streptosporangium spp., Swaminathania spp., ThiobacUlus spp., Torulospora spp., Vibrio spp., Xanthobacter spp., Xanthomonas spp., etc.), and combinations thereof.
Methods and Uses
[0274] The compound combination and the composition of the invention have potent microbicidal activity and/or plant defense modulating potential. They can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi and bacteria, on plants. They can be particularly useful in crop protection (they control microorganisms that cause plants diseases) or for protecting materials (e.g., industrial materials, timber, storage goods) as described in more details herein below. More specifically, compound combination and the composition of the invention can be used to protect seeds, germinating seeds, emerged seedlings, plants, plant parts, fruits, harvest goods and/or the soil in which the plants grow from unwanted microorganisms.
[0275] Control or controlling as used herein encompasses protective, curative and eradicative treatment of unwanted microorganisms. Unwanted microorganisms may be pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic vims, pathogenic oomycetes or pathogenic fungi, more specifically phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic vims, phytopathogenic oomycetes or phytopathogenic fungi. As detailed herein below, these phytopathogenic microorganims are the causal active compounds of a broad spectrum of plants diseases.
[0276] More specifically, the compound combination and the composition of the invention can be used as fungicides. For the purpose of the specification, the term “fungicide” refers to a compound or composition that can be used in crop protection for the control of unwanted fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes and/or for the control of Oomycetes.
[0277] The compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used as antibacterial active compound. In particular, they may be used in crop protection, for example for the control of unwanted bacteria, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
[0278] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, on plants comprising the step of applying the compound combination or the composition of the invention to the microorganisms and/or their habitat (to the plants, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which the plants grow), wherein the compounds (A) and (B) may be applied in a simultaneous, separate or sequential manner. If the single compounds are applied in a sequential manner, i.e., at different times, they are applied one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
[0279] The present invention furthermore relates to a method for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by phytopathogens comprising the step of simultaneously or sequentially applying one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof as defined herein and at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or active in plant growth promotion as defined herein to a plant or seed or a locus where said plant or seed is intended to be grown.
[0280] In another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for increasing crop yield and/or the quality of food commodities comprising the step of simultaneously or sequentially applying one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof as defined herein and at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or active in plant growth promotion biological control active compound as defined herein to a plant or seed or a locus where said plant or seed is intended to be grown.
[0281] Said applying is preferably effected as a foliar or soil application or as a seed treatment as described elsewhere in more detail.
[0282] Typically, when the compound combination and the composition of the invention are used in curative or protective methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or phytopathogenic oomycetes, an effective and plant-compatible amount thereof is applied to the plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds or to the soil or substrates in which the plants grow. Suitable substrates that may be used for cultivating plants include inorganic based substrates, such as mineral wool, in particular stone wool, perlite, sand or gravel; organic substrates, such as peat, pine bark or sawdust; and petroleum based substrates such as polymeric foams or plastic beads. Effective and plant-compatible amount means an amount that is sufficient to control or destroy the fungi present or liable to appear on the cropland and that does not entail any appreciable symptom of phytotoxicity for said crops. Such an amount can vary within a wide range depending on the fungus to be controlled, the type of crop, the crop growth stage, the climatic conditions and the respective compound or composition of the invention used. This amount can be determined by systematic field trials that are within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
[0283] The invention furthermore relates to a kit-of-parts comprising a biological control active compound selected from the group consisting of one or more fatty acids or derivatives thereof as defined herein and at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or active in plant growth promotion as defined herein in a spatially separated arrangement.
Plants and Plant Parts
[0284] The compound combination and the composition of the invention may be applied to any plants or plant parts.
[0285] Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights. [0286] Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties (“traits”) and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
[0287] Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
[0288] Plants which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following: cotton, flax, grapevine, fruit, vegetables, such as Rosaceae sp. (for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for example banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (for example coffee), Theaceae sp. , Sterculiceae sp. , Rutaceae sp. (for example lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (for example tomatoes), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (for example lettuce), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp. , Chenopodiaceae sp. , Cucurbitaceae sp. (for example cucumber), Alliaceae sp. (for example leek, onion), Papilionaceae sp. (for example peas); major crop plants, such as Gramineae sp. (for example maize, turf, cereals such as wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for example sunflower), Brassicaceae sp. (for example white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, and oilseed rape, mustard, horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example bean, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for example soya bean), Solanaceae sp. (for example potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example sugar beet, fodder beet, swiss chard, beetroot); useful plants and ornamental plants for gardens and wooded areas; and genetically modified varieties of each of these plants.
[0289] Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e., said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
[0290] Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance. [0291] Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, intemode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
[0292] Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses.
Transgenic Plants, Seed Treatment and Integration Events
[0293] The compound combination according to the invention can be advantageously used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that received genetic material which imparts advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Therefore, it is contemplated that the present invention may be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic event(s) or a combination thereof. For the purposes of this application, a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific position (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome. The insertion creates a novel DNA sequence referred to as an “event” and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and some amount of genomic DNA immediately adjacent to/flanking both ends of the inserted DNA. Such trait(s) or transgenic event(s) include, but are not limited to, pest resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolerance, in which the trait is measured with respect to a plant lacking such trait or transgenic event. Concrete examples of such advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and/or yield, in particular improved growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, and increased resistance against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
[0294] Among DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to such animal and microbial pests, in particular insects, mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis encoding the Bt proteins widely described in the literature and well known to those skilled in the art. Mention will also be made of proteins extracted from bacteria such as Photorhabdus (WO 97/17432 and WO 98/08932). In particular, mention will be made of the Bt Cry or VIP proteins which include the CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CryIIIB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof and also hybrids or combinations thereof, especially the CrylF protein or hybrids derived from a CrylF protein (e.g., hybrid CrylA-CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof), the CrylA-type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably the CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from the CrylAc protein (e.g., hybrid CrylAb-CrylAc proteins) or the CrylAb or Bt2 protein or toxic fragments thereof, the Cry2Ae, Cry2Af or Cry2Ag proteins or toxic fragments thereof, the CrylA.105 protein or a toxic fragment thereof, the VIP3Aal9 protein, the VIP3Aa20 protein, the VIP3A proteins produced in the COT202 or COT203 cotton events, the VIP3Aa protein ora toxic fragment thereof as described in Estruch et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 28;93(ll):5389-94, the Cry proteins as described in WO 2001/47952, the insecticidal proteins from Xenorhabdus (as described in WO 98/50427), Serratia (particularly from S. entomophila) ox Photorhabdus species strains, such as Tc-proteins from Photorhabdus as described in WO 98/08932. Also any variants or mutants of any one of these proteins differing in some amino acids (1-10, preferably 1-5) from any of the above named sequences, particularly the sequence of their toxic fragment, or which are fused to a transit peptide, such as a plastid transit peptide, or another protein or peptide, is included herein.
[0295] Another and particularly emphasized example of such properties is conferred tolerance to one or more herbicides, for example imidazolinones, sulphonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin. Among DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to certain herbicides on the transformed plant cells and plants, mention will be particularly be made to the bar or PAT gene or the Streptomyces coelicolor gene described in WO 2009/152359 which confers tolerance to glufosinate herbicides, a gene encoding a suitable EPSPS (5^ Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-svnthase) which confers tolerance to herbicides having EPSPS as a target, especially herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, a gene encoding glyphosate-n- acetyltransferase, or a gene encoding glyphosate oxidoreductase. Further suitable herbicide tolerance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g., WO 2007/024782), a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene (e.g., U.S. Patent No. 6,855,533), genes encoding 2,4-D- monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and genes encoding Dicamba monooxygenases conferring tolerance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid).
[0296] Yet another example of such properties is resistance to one or more phytopathogenic fungi, for example Asian Soybean Rust. Among DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of resistance to such diseases, mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from glycine tomentella, for example from any one of publically available accession lines PI441001 , PI483224, PI583970, PI446958, PI499939, PI505220, PI499933, PI441008, PI505256 or PI446961 as described in WO 2019/103918.
[0297] Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are increased resistance against bacteria and/or viruses owing, for example, to systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and also resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
[0298] Particularly useful transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars which can be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include Event 531/PV-GHBK04 (cotton, insect control, described in WO 2002/040677), Event 1143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128569); Event 1143-51B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002-120964 or WO 2002/034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO 2010/117737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO 2010/117735); Event 281-24-236 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in WO 2005/103266 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005- 216969); Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA- 6233, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-143876 orWO 2005/103266); Event 3272 (corn, quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in WO 2006/098952 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-230473); Event 33391 (wheat, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-2347, described in WO 2002/027004), Event 40416 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11508, described in WO 11/075593); Event 43A47 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-11509, described in WO 2011/075595); Event 5307 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-9561, described in WO 2010/077816); Event ASR-368 (bent grass, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4816, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-162007 or WO 2004/053062); Event B16 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-126634); Event BPS-CV127- 9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in WO 2010/080829); Event BLR1 (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41193, described in WO 2005/074671), Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-217423 or WO 2006/128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010- 0024077); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-130175 or WO 2004/039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-067868 or WO 2005/054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2005/054480); ); Event DAS21606-3/1606 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11028, described in WO 2012/033794), Event DAS40278 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10244, described in WO 2011/022469); Event DAS -44406- 6/pDAB 8264.44.06.1 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11336, described in WO 2012/075426), Event DAS-14536-7 /pDAB829E45.36.2 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11335, described in WO 2012/075429), Event DAS-59122-7 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA 11384, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-070139); Event DAS-59132 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2009/100188); Event DAS68416 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO 2011/066384 or WO 2011/066360); Event DP-098140-6 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009- 137395 or WO 08/112019); Event DP-305423-1 (soybean, quality trait, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-312082 or WO 2008/054747); Event DP-32138-1 (corn, hybridization system, deposited as ATCC PTA-9158, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-0210970 or WO 2009/103049); Event DP-356043-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010-0184079 or WO 2008/002872); EventEE-I (brinjal, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 07/091277); Event Fil 17 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031 , described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-059581 or WO 98/044140); Event FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11041, described in WO 2011/063413), Event GA21 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-086719 or WO 98/044140); Event GG25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-188434 or WO 98/044140); Event GHB119 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in WO 2008/151780); Event GHB614 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010-050282 or WO 2007/017186); Event GJ11 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-188434 or WO 98/044140); Event GM RZ13 (sugar beet, virus resistance, deposited as NCIMB-41601, described in WO 2010/076212); Event H7-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004-172669 or WO 2004/074492); Event JOPLIN1 (wheat, disease tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-064032); Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, described in WO 2006/108674 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-320616); Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41660, described in WO 2006/108675 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-196127); Event LLcotton25 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3343, described in WO 2003/013224 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-097687); Event LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203353, described in U.S. Patent No. 6,468,747, or WO 2000/026345); Event LLRice62 ( rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203352, described in WO 2000/026345), Event LLRICE601 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-2289060 or WO 2000/026356); Event LY038 (corn, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-028322 or WO 2005/061720); Event MIR162 (corn, insect control, deposited as PTA-8166, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-300784 or WO 2007/142840); Event MIR604 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-167456 or WO 2005/103301); Event MON15985 (cotton, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2004-250317 or WO 2002/100163); Event MON810 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002- 102582); Event MON863 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in WO 2004/011601 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-095986); Event MON87427 (corn, pollination control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7899, described in WO 2011/062904); Event MON87460 (corn, stress tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in WO 2009/111263 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011-0138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-130071 or WO 2009/064652); Event MON87705 (soybean, quality trait - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010-0080887 or WO 2010/037016); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9670, described in WO 2011/034704); Event MON87712 (soybean, yield, deposited as PTA-10296, described in WO 2012/051199), Event MON87754 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in WO 2010/024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011-0067141 or WO 2009/102873); Event MON88017 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-028482 or WO 2005/059103); Event MON88913 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4854, described in WO 2004/072235 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-059590); Event MON88302 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-10955, described in WO 2011/153186), Event MON88701 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11754, described in WO 2012/134808), Event MON89034 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7455, described in WO 07/140256 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008- 260932); Event MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006-282915 or WO 2006/130436); Event MSI 1 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA- 850 or PTA-2485, described in WO 2001/031042); Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 2001/041558 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-188347); Event NK603 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2478, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007-292854); Event PE-7 (rice, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2008/114282); Event RF3 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA- 730, described in WO 2001/041558 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003-188347); Event RT73 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2002/036831 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008-070260); Event SYHT0H2/SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11226, described in WO 2012/082548), Event T227-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO 2002/44407 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009-265817); Event T25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001-029014 or WO 2001/051654); Event T304-40 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010-077501 or WO 2008/122406); Event T342-142 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 2006/128568); Event TC1507 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2005-039226 or WO 2004/099447); Event VIP1034 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3925, described in WO 2003/052073), Event 32316 (corn, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11507, described in WO 2011/084632), Event 4114 (corn, insect control- herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11506, described in WO 2011/084621), event EE- GM3/FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11041) optionally stacked with event EE-GM1/LL27 or event EE-GM2/LL55 (WO 2011/063413A2), event DAS-68416-4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-10442, WO 2011/066360A1), event DAS-68416-4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-10442, WO 2011/066384A1), event DP-040416-8 (corn, insect control, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11508, WO 2011/075593 Al), event DP-043A47-3 (corn, insect control, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11509, WO 2011/075595 Al), event DP-004114-3 (corn, insect control, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11506, WO 2011/084621A1), event DP-032316-8 (corn, insect control, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11507, WO 2011/084632A1), event MON-88302-9 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-10955, WO 2011/153186A1), event DAS-21606-3 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11028, WO 2012/033794A2), event MON-87712-4 (soybean, quality trait, ATCC Accession No. PTA- 10296, WO 2012/051199 A2), event DAS-44406-6 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11336, WO 2012/075426A1), event DAS-14536-7 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11335, WO 2012/075429A1), event SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11226, WO 2012/082548A2), event DP-061061-7 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit no. available, WO 2012071039A1), event DP-073496-4 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit no. available, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012131692), event 8264.44.06.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession No. PTA-11336, WO 2012075426A2), event 8291.45.36.2 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession No. PTA-11335, WO 2012075429 A2), event SYHT0H2 (soybean, ATCC Accession No. PTA- 11226, WO 2012/082548A2), event MON88701 (cotton, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11754, WO 2012/134808A1), event KK179-2 (alfalfa, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11833, WO 2013/003558A1), event pDAB 8264.42.32.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11993, WO 2013/010094 Al), event MZDT09Y (corn, ATCC Accession No. PTA- 13025, WO 2013/012775 Al).
[0299] Further, a list of such transgenic event(s) is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and can be found on their website on the world wide web at aphis.usda.gov. For this application, the status of such list as it is/was on the filing date of this application, is relevant.
[0300] The genes/events which impart the desired traits in question may also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with particular emphasis being given to maize, soya beans, wheat, rice, potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased resistance of the plants to insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails, as well as the increased resistance of the plants to one or more herbicides.
[0301] Commercially available examples of such plants, plant parts or plant seeds that may be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include commercial products, such as plant seeds, sold or distributed under the GENUITY®, DROUGHTGARD® SMARTSTAX®, RIB COMPLETE®, ROUNDUP READY®, VT DOUBLE PRO®, VT TRIPLE PRO®, BOLLGARD II®, ROUNDUP READY 2 YIELD®, YIELDGARD®, ROUNDUP READY® 2 XTENd™, INTACTA RR2 PRO®, VISTIVE GOLD®, and/or XTENDFLEX™ trade names.
Pathogens
[0302] Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases which may be treated in accordance with the invention include:
[0303] diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example Blumeria species, for example Blumeria graminis', Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha', Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerothecafuliginea', Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator, [0304] diseases caused by rust disease pathogens, for example Gymnosporangium species, for example Gymnosporangium sabinae\ Hemileia species, for example Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, for example Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae\ Puccinia species, for example Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis oder Puccinia striiformis', Uromyces species, for example Uromyces appendiculatus;
[0305] diseases caused by pathogens from the group of the Oomycetes, for example Albugo species, for example Albugo Candida', Bremia species, for example Bremia lactucac, Peronospora species, for example Peronospora pisi or P. brassicaer, Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora infestans', Plasmopara species, for example Plasmopara viticola', Pseudoperonospora species, for example Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis', Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum;
[0306] leaf blotch diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria solanv, Cercospora species, for example Cercospora beticola', Cladiosporium species, for example Cladiosporium cucumerinum', Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium ) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus', Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum lindemuthanium', Corynespora species, for example Corynespora cassiicola', Cycloconium species, for example Cycloconium oleaginum', Diaporthe species, for example Diaporthe citrv, Elsinoe species, for example Elsinoe fawcettiii, Gloeosporium species, for example Gloeosporium laeticolor, Glomerella species, for example Glomerella cingulata', Guignardia species, for example Guignardia bidwellv, Leptosphaeria species, for example Leptosphaeria maculans', Magnaporthe species, for example Magnaporthe grisea', Microdochium species, for example Microdochium nivalc, Mycosphaerella species, for example Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella arachidicola or Mycosphaerella fijiensis', Phaeosphaeria species, for example Phaeosphaeria nodorunv, Pyrenophora species, for example Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis', Ramularia species, for example Ramularia collo-cygni or Ramularia areola', Rhynchosporium species, for example Rhynchosporium secalis', Septoria species, for example Septoria apii or Septoria lycopersici', Stagonospora species, for example Stagonospora nodorum', Typhula species, for example Typhula incarnata', Venturia species, for example Venturia inaequalis',
[0307] root and stem diseases caused, for example, by Corticium species, for example Corticium graminearum', Fusarium species, for example Fusarium oxysporum', Gaeumannomyces species, for example Gaeumannomyces graminis', Plasmodiophora species, for example Plasmodiophora brassicac, Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solanv, Sarocladium species, for example Sarocladium oryzae; Sclerotium species, for example Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, for example Tapesia acuformis', Thielaviopsis species, for example Thielaviopsis basic ola\
[0308] ear and panicle diseases (including com cobs) caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria spp:, Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus', Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium cladosporioides', Claviceps species, for example Claviceps purpurea', Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmorunv, Gibberella species, for example Gibberella zeae\ Monographella species, for example Monographella nivalis', Stagnospora species, for example Stagnospora nodorunr,
[0309] diseases caused by smut fungi, for example Sphacelotheca species, for example Sphacelotheca reiliana', Tilletia species, for example Tilletia caries or Tilletia controversy, Urocystis species, for example Urocystis occulta', Ustilago species, for example Ustilago nuda',
[0310] fruit rot caused, for example, by Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus', Botrytis species, for example Botrytis cinerea', Monilinia species, for example Monilinia laxa', Penicillium species, for example Penicillium expansum or Penicillium purpurogenum', Rhizopus species, for example Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotinia species, for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum', Verticilium species, for example Verticilium alboatrum',
[0311] seed- and soil-bome rot and wilt diseases, and also diseases of seedlings, caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria brassicicola', Aphanomyces species, for example Aphanomyces euteiches', Ascochyta species, for example Ascochyta lends', Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus', Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium herbarum', Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium ); Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum coccodes', Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmorum', Gibberella species, for example Gibberella zeae\ Macrophomina species, for example Macrophomina phaseolina', Microdochium species, for example Microdochium nivalc, Monographella species, for example Monographella nivalis', Penicillium species, for example Penicillium expansum', Phoma species, for example Phoma lingam', Phomopsis species, for example Phomopsis sojae\ Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora cactorum', Pyrenophora species, for example Pyrenophora graminea', Pyricularia species, for example Pyricularia oryzpe; Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum', Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solani\ Rhizopus species, for example Rhizopus oryzac, Sclerotium species, for example Sclerotium rolfsii', Septoria species, for example Septoria nodorum', Typhula species, for example Typhula incarnata', Verticillium species, for example Verticillium dahliaer, [0312] cancers, galls and witches’ broom caused, for example, by Nectria species, for example Nectria galligena',
[0313] wilt diseases caused, for example, by Verticillium species, for example Verticillium longisporunr, Fusarium species, for example Fusarium oxysporum , ,
[0314] deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits caused, for example, by Exobasidium species, for example Exobasidium vexans', Taphrina species, for example Taphrina deformans',
[0315] degenerative diseases in woody plants, caused, for example, by Esca species, for example Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Fomitiporia mediterranean Ganoderma species, for example Ganoderma boninense',
[0316] diseases of plant tubers caused, for example, by Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solanv, Elelminthosporium species, for example Elelminthosporium solanv,
[0317] diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, for example Xanthomonas species, for example Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae', Pseudomonas species, for example Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans', Erwinia species, for example Erwinia amylovora', Liberibacter species, for example Liberibacter asiaticus', Xyella species, for example Xylella fastidiosa', Ralstonia species, for example Ralstonia solanacearum', Dickeya species, for example Dickeya solanv, Clavibacter species, for example Clavibacter michiganensis', Streptomyces species, for example Streptomyces scabies.
[0318] diseases of soya beans:
[0319] Fungal diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused, for example, by
Alternaria leaf spot ( Alternaria spec, atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum), brown spot ( Septoria glycines), cercospora leaf spot and blight ( Cercospora kikuchii), choanephora leaf blight ( Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.)), dactuliophora leaf spot ( Dactuliophora glycines), downy mildew ( Peronospora manshurica), drechslera blight ( Drechslera glycini), frogeye leaf spot ( Cercospora sojina), leptosphaerulina leaf spot ( Leptosphaerulina trifolii), phyllostica leaf spot ( Phyllosticta sojaecola), pod and stem blight ( Phomopsis sojae), powdery mildew ( Microsphaera diffusa), pyrenochaeta leaf spot ( Pyrenochaeta glycines), rhizoctonia aerial, foliage, and web blight ( Rhizoctonia solani), mst ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), scab ( Sphaceloma glycines), stemphylium leaf blight (Stemphylium botryosum), sudden death syndrome ( Fusarium virguliforme), target spot ( Corynespora cassiicola).
[0320] Fungal diseases on roots and the stem base caused, for example, by black root rot (Calonectria crotalariae), charcoal rot ( Macrophomina phaseolina), fusarium blight or wilt, root rot, and pod and collar rot ( Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), mycoleptodiscus root rot ( Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), neocosmospora ( Neocosmospora vasinfecta), pod and stem blight ( Diaporthe phaseolorum), stem canker ( Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora ), phytophthora rot ( Phytophthora megasperma), brown stem rot ( Phialophora gregata), pythium rot ( Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), rhizoctonia root rot, stem decay, and damping-off ( Rhizoctonia solani), sclerotinia stem decay ( Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), sclerotinia southern blight ( Sclerotinia rolfsii ), thielaviopsis root rot ( Thielaviopsis basicola).
[0321] Preferably, the active compound combinations according to the invention are effective against at least one of the following plant pathogens
[0322] Venturia, Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia; Plasmodiophora; Helminthosporium, Phytium, Altemaria; Cercospora; Cladiosporium; Cochliobolus; Colletotrichum; Diaporthe; Gloeosporium; Corynespora; Guignardia; Elsinoe; Magnaporthe; Microdochium; Mycosphaerella; Pyrenophora; Pyricularia; Ramularia; Rhynchosporium; Botrytis, Phytophthora; Bremia; Peronospora; Plasmopara; Pseudoperonospora, Puccinia; Hemileia; Phakopsora; Uromyces; Blumeria; Podosphaera; Sphaerotheca; Uncinula, Fusarium, Septoria, Aspergillus; Cladosporium; Claviceps; Gibberella; Monographella, Sphacelotheca; Tilletia; Ustilago, Monilinia; Rhizopus; Verticillium, Taphrina, Xanthomonas; Pseudomonas; Erwinia; Liberibacter; Xyella; Ralstonia; Clavibacter; Streptomyces, Anthracnose; Cercospora; Phomopsis; Stemphylium; Corynespora; Diaporthe.
Mycotoxins
[0323] In addition, the compound combination and the composition of the invention may reduce the mycotoxin content in the harvested material and the foods and feeds prepared therefrom. Mycotoxins include particularly, but not exclusively, the following: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxin, fumonisins, zearalenon, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins which can be produced, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., such as F. acuminatum, F. asiaticum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum ( Gibberella zeae), F. equiseti, F. fiijikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoides, F. langsethiae, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides, and also by Aspergillus spec., such as A flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. claviforme, P. roqueforti, Claviceps spec., such as C. purpurea, C. fusiformis, C. paspali, C. africana, Stachybotrys spec, and others.
[0324] Accordingly, the present invention also relates to a method for reducing the mycotoxin contant in harvested material and foods and/or feed prepared therefrom, comprising applying the active compound combination or the composition according to the invention to a plant, plant parts, fruits, seeds or soil.
Material Protection
[0325] The compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used in the protection of materials, especially for the protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by phytopathogenic fungi.
[0326] In addition, the compound combination and the composition of the invention may be used as antifouling compositions, alone or in combinations with other active ingredients.
[0327] Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials which have been prepared for use in industry. For example, industrial materials which are to be protected from microbial alteration or destruction may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallpaper and board/cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, fibers and tissues, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with or destroyed by microorganisms. Parts of production plants and buildings, for example cooling-water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air-conditioning units, which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected. Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizes, paper and card, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, more preferably wood.
[0328] The compound combination and the composition of the invention may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mold.
[0329] In the case of treatment of wood the compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber.
[0330] Timber means all types of species of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood. In addition, the compound and the composition of the invention may be used to protect objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, especially hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, from fouling.
[0331] The compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be employed for protecting storage goods. Storage goods are understood to mean natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or processed products thereof which are of natural origin, and for which long-term protection is desired. Storage goods of vegetable origin, for example plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, may be protected freshly harvested or after processing by (pre)drying, moistening, comminuting, grinding, pressing or roasting. Storage goods also include timber, both unprocessed, such as construction timber, electricity poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture. Storage goods of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs and hairs. The compound combination and the composition of the invention may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mold.
[0332] Microorganisms capable of degrading or altering industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms. The compound combination and the composition of the invention preferably act against lungi, especially molds, wood-discoloring and wood-destroying fungi ( Ascomycetes , Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Zygomycetes), and against slime organisms and algae. Examples include microorganisms of the following genera: Alternaria, such as Alternaria tenuis', Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum', Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetancv, Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigrinus', Penicillium, such as Penicillium glaucum', Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans', Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophilcv, Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma virider, Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Cladosporium spp., Paecilomyces spp. Mucor spp., Escherichia, such as Escherichia coli', Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa', Staphylococcus, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp. and Saccharomyces spp., such as Saccharomyces cerevisae.
Seed Treatment
[0333] The compound combination and the composition of the invention may also be used to protect seeds from unwanted microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic microorganisms, for instance phytopathogenic fungi or phytopathogenic oomycetes. The term seed(s) as used herein include dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
[0334] Thus, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds from unwanted microorganisms which comprises the step of treating the seeds with the compound combination or the composition of the invention, wherein the seeds may be treated simultaneously, separately or sequentially with the compounds (A) and (B).
[0335] The treatment of seeds with the compound combination or the composition of the invention protects the seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
[0336] The seeds treatment may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter.
[0337] When the seeds treatment is performed prior to sowing (e.g., so-called on-seed applications), the seeds treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of the compound combination or the composition of the invention, the seeds and the compound combination or the composition of the invention are mixed until an homogeneous distribution on seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried.
[0338] The invention also relates to seeds coated with the compound combination or the composition of the invention.
[0339] Preferably, the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment. In general, seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and shortly after sowing. It is customary to use seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper. The amount of the compound combination or the composition of the invention applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case the compounds contained in the compound combination of the invention would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates. The intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of the compound combination of the invention to be applied to the seed in order to achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
[0340] The compounds contained in the compound combination of the invention can be applied as such, directly to the seeds, i.e., without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. They can be applied in a simultaneous, separate or sequential manner. Also compositions containing the compounds contained in the compound combination of the invention, such as the composition of the invention, can be applied to the seeds. [0341] The compound combination and the composition of the invention are suitable for protecting seeds of any plant variety. Preferred seeds are that of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, millet, triticale, and oats), oilseed rape, maize, cotton, soybean, rice, potatoes, sunflower, beans, coffee, peas, beet (e.g., sugar beet and fodder beet), peanut, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamental plants. More preferred are seeds of wheat, soybean, oilseed rape, maize and rice.
[0342] The compound combination and the composition of the invention may be used for treating transgenic seeds, in particular seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress, thereby increasing the protective effect. Seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress may contain at least one heterologous gene which allows the expression of said polypeptide or protein. These heterologous genes in transgenic seeds may originate, for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. These heterologous genes preferably originate from Bacillus sp., in which case the gene product is effective against the European com borer and/or the Western com rootworm. Particularly preferably, the heterologous genes originate from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Application
[0343] The compound combination of the invention can be applied as such, or for example in the form of as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, water- or oil-based suspensions, powders, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural products impregnated with the compound combination of the invention, synthetic substances impregnated with the compound combination of the invention, fertilizers or microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
[0344] Application is accomplished in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming or spreading-on. It is also possible to deploy the compound combination of the invention by the ultra- low volume method, via a drip irrigation system or drench application, to apply it in-furrow or to inject it into the soil stem or trunk. It is further possible to apply the compound combination of the invention by means of a wound seal, paint or other wound dressing. The effective and plant-compatible amount of the compound combination of the invention which is applied to the plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds or soil will depend on various factors, such as the compound/composition employed, the subject of the treatment (plant, plant part, fruit, seed or soil), the type of treatment (dusting, spraying, seed dressing), the purpose of the treatment (curative and protective), the type of microorganisms, the development stage of the microorganisms, the sensitivity of the microorganisms, the crop growth stage and the environmental conditions.
[0345] When the compound combination of the invention is used as a fungicide, the application rates can vary within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application. For the treatment of plant parts, such as leaves, the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha, more preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha (in the case of application by watering or dripping, it is even possible to reduce the application rate, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used). For the treatment of seeds, the application rate may range from 0.1 to 200 g per 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 to 150 g per 100 kg of seeds, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seeds, even more preferably from 2.5 to 12.5 g per 100 kg of seeds. For the treatment of soil, the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 5000 g/ha. The outlined application rates refer to the total application rates of compounds (A) and (B) present in the compound combination of the present invention.
[0346] These application rates are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0347] The compound combination of the invention can be used in combination with models e.g., embedded in computer programs for site specific crop management, satellite farming, precision farming or precision agriculture. Such models support the site specific management of agricultural sites with data from various sources such as soils, weather, crops (e.g., type, growth stage, plant health), weeds (e.g., type, growth stage), diseases, pests, nutrients, water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc., with the purpose to optimize profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment. In particular, such models can help to optimize agronomical decisions, control the precision of pesticide applications and record the work performed.
[0348] As an example, the compound of the invention can be applied to a crop plant according to appropriate dose regime if a model models the development of a fungal disease and calculates that a threshold has been reached for which it is recommendable to apply the compound of the invention to the crop plant.
[0349] Commercially available systems which include agronomic models are e.g., FIELDSCRIPTS™ from The Climate Corporation, XARVIO™ from BASF, AGLOGIC™ from John Deere, etc.
[0350] The compounds of the invention can also be used in combination with smart spraying equipment such as e.g., spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc. Such an equipment usually includes input sensors (such as e.g., a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and configured to provide a decision based on the analysis of the input data to apply the compound of the invention to the crop plants (respectively the weeds) in a specific and precise manner. The use of such smart spraying equipment usually also requires positions systems (e.g., GPS receivers) to localize recorded data and to guide or to control farm vehicles; geographic information systems (GIS) to represent the information on intelligible maps, and appropriate farm vehicles to perform the required farm action such as the spraying.
[0351] In an example, fungal diseases can be detected from imagery acquired by a camera. In an example fungal diseases can be identified and/or classified based on that imagery. Such identification and/classification can make use of image processing algorithms. Such image processing algorithms can utilize machine learning algorithms, such as trained neutral networks, decision trees and utilize artificial intelligence algorithms. In this manner, the compounds described herein can be applied only where needed.
Embodiments
[0352] Embodiment 1 : An active compound combination comprising
(a) One or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) at least one further active compound active against at least one plant pathogen and/or plant pest or active in plant growth promotion.
[0353] Embodiment 2: The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein the Paenibacillus sp. strain is NRRL B-67615.
[0354] Embodiment 3: The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is a fungicide.
[0355] Embodiment 4: The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is an pesticide.
[0356] Embodiment 5: The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is an biological active compound.
[0357] Embodiment 6: The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is an biological active compound.
[0358] Embodiment 7 : The combination according to embodiment 1 wherein at least one further active compound (b) is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of
(1) inhibitors of the ergosterol synthesis,
(2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or P, (3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III,
(4) inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division,
(5) compounds capable of having a multisite action,
(6) compounds capable of inducing a host defense,
(7) inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis,
(8) inhibitors of the ATP production,
(9) inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis,
(10) inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis,
(11) inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis,
(12) inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis,
(13) inhibitors of the signal transduction,
(14) compounds capable of acting as uncoupler, and
(15) other fungicides
[0359] Embodiment 8: The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
(1) inhibitors of the ergosterol synthesis selected from the group consisting of (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid, (1.005) fenpropidin, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil, (1.011) imazaiil sulfate, (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) myclobutanil, (1.015) paclobutrazol, (1.016) prochloraz, (1.017) propiconazole, (1.018) prothioconazole, (1.019) pyrisoxazole, (1.020) spiroxamine, (1.021) tebuconazole, (1.022) tetraconazole, (1.023) triadimenol, (1.024) tridemorph, (1.025) triticonazole, (1.026) (1R,2S,5S)- 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.027) (lS,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)- 2-methyl- 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, ( 1.028) (2R)-2-( 1 - chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(lR)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l- yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.029) (2R)-2-( 1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4- [( 1 S)-2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.030) (2R)-2-[4-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] - 1 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, (1.031) (2S)-2-(l-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(lR)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-l-(lH- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.032) (2S)-2-( 1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4- [( 1 S)-2,2- dichlorocyclopropyl]- 1 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.033) (2S)-2- [4-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] - 1 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, (1.034) (R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-l,2-oxazol-4- yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.035) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4- difluorophenyl)- 1 ,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.036) [3-(4-chloro-2- fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-dilluoroplienyl)-l,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1.037) l-({ (2R,4S)-2- [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl- 1,3- dioxolan-2-yl } methyl)- 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazole, ( 1.038) 1 -( { (2S ,4S)-2- [2-chloro-4-(4- chlorophenoxy)phenyl] -4-methyl- 1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl } methyl)- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole, (1.039) l-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH- l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.040) l-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.041) 1- {[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH- l,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.042) 2-[(2R,4R,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.043) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4- yl] -2,4-dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, ( 1.044) 2- [(2R,4S,5R)- 1 -(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l, 2,4- triazole- 3 -thione, (1.045) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.046) 2-
[(2S,4R,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4- dihydro-3H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, ( 1.047) 2- [(2S ,4R,5S)- 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethy]heptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.048) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4- yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.049) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-l-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l, 2,4- triazole- 3 -thione, (1.050) 2-[l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051) 2-[2-chloro- 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl] - 1 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, ( 1.052) 2- [2- chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, ( 1.053) 2- [4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(triiluoromethyl)phenyl] - 1 -( 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)butan-2- ol, (1.054) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-l-(lH-l,2,4-triazol- l-yl)pentan-2-ol, (1.055) mefentrifluconazole, (1.056) 2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2- (2,4-dilluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.057) 2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)oxiran-2- yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.058) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2, 4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H- 1,2,4- triazole- 3 -thione, (1.059) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-l-(lH-
1.2.4-triazol-l-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.060) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-l-{[3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]metliyl}-lH- 1,2, 4-triazole,
(1.061) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-l-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]-methyl } - 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole, ( 1.062) 5-(allylsulfanyl)- 1 - {[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-lH-
1.2.4-triazole, (1.063) N’-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(l, 1,2,2- tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.064) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}plienyl)-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.065) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{ [3-(2, 2,3,3- tetrafluoropropoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.066) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.067) N'-(2, 5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(l, 1,2,2- tetrafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.068) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.069) N'-(2, 5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2, 2,3,3- tetrafluoropropyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimido-formamide, (1.070) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(pentafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.071) N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.072) N'-(4-{[3-
(difluoromethoxy)phenyl] sulfanyl } -2, 5-dimethyl phenyl )-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.073) N'-(4- { 3-[(difluoromethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy } -2,5- dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-metliylimidofomiamide, (1.074) N'-[5-bromo-6-(2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.075) N'-{4-[(4,5-dichloro-l,3-thiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5- dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.076) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(lR)- l-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1.077) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(lS)-l-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.078) N'- { 5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl } -N- ethyl-N-methylimido-formamide, (1.079) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4- isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy] -2-methylpyridin- 3 -yl } -N -ethyl-N - methylimidoformamide, ( 1.080) N'- { 5 -bromo-6- [ 1 -(3 ,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2- methylpyridin-3-yl } -N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.081) ipfentrifluconazole and (1.082) 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3- pyridyl]-l-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.087) 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2- (trifluoromethyl)-3 -pyridyl] - 1 -( 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol (2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II selected from the group consisting of (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanil, (2.007) fluxapyroxad, (2.008) furametpyr, (2.009) Isofetamid, (2.010) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9S), (2.011) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.012) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.013) isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.014) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.015) isopyrazam (syn- epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.016) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.017) penflufen, (2.018) penthiopyrad, (2.019) pydiflumetofen, (2.020) Pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (2.022) l,3-dimethyl-N-(l,l,3-trimethyl-
2.3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.023) 1,3-dimethyl-N-
[(3R)- 1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl]- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.024) l,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl]-lH- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.025) 1 -methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)-N- [2'-
(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.026) 2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl)-N-(l,l,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)benzamide,
(2.027) 3-(difluoromethyl)- 1 -methyl-N-(l , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro- lH-inden-4- yl)-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028) inpyrfluxam, (2.029) 3-(difluoromethyl)-l- methyl-N- [(3S)- 1 , 1 ,3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro- lH-inden-4-yl]- lH-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.030) fluindapyr, (2.031) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-
1.1.3-trimethyl-2, 3 -dihydro- 1 H-inden-4-yl] - 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-7-fluoro-l, l,3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro- lH-inden- 4-yl]-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4- { [4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy }phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.034) N- (2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l- methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-(2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)-N- cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N-(2-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l- methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037) N-(5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl)-N- cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) isoflucypram, (2.039) N-[(lR,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-l,2,3,4- tetrahydro- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)- 1-methyl- 1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.040) N-[(1S, 4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-l, 2,3,4- tetrahydro- 1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)- 1-methyl- 1H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.041) N- [ 1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -methoxypropan-2- yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.042) N-[2-chloro- 6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.043) N-[3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-
(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.044) N-[5-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N- cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.045) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-N-[5-methyl-2- (trinuoromethyl)benzyl |- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.046) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-fluoro-6-isopropylbenzyl)-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole- 4-carboxamide, (2.047) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2- isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)- 1-methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.048) N- cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-l-methyl-lH- pyrazole-4-carbothioamide, (2.049) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl)- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.050) N-cyclopropyl- 3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(5-fluoro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-l-methyl-lH- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.051) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-4,5- dimethylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.052) N- cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.053) N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5- methylbenzyl)-5-fluoro- 1 -methyl- lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.054) N- cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l- methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.055) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5- methylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l-methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.056) N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-l- methyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.057) pyrapropoyne,
(3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex PI selected from the group consisting of (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim-methyl, (3.014) metominostrobin, (3.015) orysastrobin, (3.016) picoxystrobin, (3.017) pyraclostrobin, (3.018) pyrametostrobin, (3.019) pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) trifloxystrobin, (3.021) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(lE)-l-(3-{[(E)-l-fluoro-2- phenylvinyljoxy }phenyl)ethylidene] amino } oxy)methyl]phenyl } -2- (methoxyimino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.022) (2E,3Z)-5-{ [l-(4-chlorophenyl)-lH- pyrazol-3-yl]oxy } -2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.023) (2R)-2- {2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide,
(3.024) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N- methylacetamide, (3.025) fenpicoxamid, (3.026) mandestrobin, (3.027) N-(3-ethyl- 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamido-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5- {[l-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-lH-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3- dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.029) methyl {5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl]-2-methylbenzyl} carbamate, (3.030) metyltetraprole, (3.031) florylpicoxamid,
(4) inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division selected from the group consisting of (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate- methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) 3-chloro-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methyl-5- phenylpyridazine, (4.010) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6- methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-l, 3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.013) 4-(2-bromo-4- fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.014) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)- 1,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol- 5-amine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)- 1,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2- chlorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-bromo-4- fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.018) 4-(2- chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.019) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)- 1,3-dimethyl- 1H- pyrazol-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1 ,3- dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N-(2- fluorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5- (2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.023) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)- 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.024) N-(2- bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-l,3-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.025) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- 1 ,3-dimethyl- lH-pyrazol-5-amine,
(5) compounds capable of having a multisite action selected from the group consisting of (5.001) bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram zinc, (5.017) oxine-copper, (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiram, (5.021) zineb, (5.022) ziram, (5.023) 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3',4':5,6][l,4]dithiino[2,3- c] [ 1 ,2]thiazole-3-carbonitrile,
(6) compounds capable of inducing a host defense selected from the group consisting of (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) isotianil, (6.003) probenazole, and (6.004) tiadinil,
(7) inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, and (7.006) 3- (5-fluoro-3 ,3 ,4,4-tetramethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinolone,
(8) inhibitors of the ATP production selected from the group consisting of (8.001) silthiofam,
(9) inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis selected from the group consisting of (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-3 -(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)- 1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one, and (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4- yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one,
(10) inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis selected from the group consisting of (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, and (10.003) tolclofos-methyl, (11) inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis selected from the group consisting of (11.001) tricyclazole, and (11.002) 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl {3-methyl-l-[(4- methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl } carbamate,
(12) inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis selected from the group consisting of (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, and (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam),
(13) inhibitors of the signal transduction selected from the group consisting of (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, and (13.006) vinclozolin,
(14) compounds capable of acting as uncoupler selected from the group consisting of (14.001) fluazinam, and (14.002) meptyldinocap,
(15) other fungicides selected from the group consisting of (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) benthiazole, (15.003) bethoxazin, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) chinomethionat, (15.007) cufraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) flutianil, (15.012) fosetyl-aluminium, (15.013) fosetyl-calcium, (15.014) fosetyl-sodium, (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.016) metrafenone, (15.017) mildiomycin, (15.018) natamycin, (15.019) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.021) oxamocarb, (15.022) oxathiapiprolin, (15.023) oxyfenthiin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.025) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.027) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (15.028) tebufloquin, (15.029) tecloftalam, (15.030) tolnifanide, (15.031) l-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difhrorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-
1.2-oxazol-3-yl]- 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl Jpiperidin- l-yl)-2- [5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (15.032) l-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5- dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]- 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl Jpiperidin- l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]ethanone, (15.033) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2- yl)quinazoline, (15.034) dipymetitrone, (15.035) 2-[3,5-bis(difhroromethyl)-lH- pyrazol- 1 -yl]- 1 - [4-(4- { 5 - [2-(prop-2-yn- 1 -yloxy)phenyl] -4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3- yl } - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- 1 -yl]ethanone, ( 15.036) 2- [3 ,5-bis(difluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol-l-yl]-l-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-l-yloxy)phenyl]-4, 5-dihydro-
1.2-oxazol-3-yl}-l,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-l-yl]ethanone, (15.037) 2-[3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol- 1 -yl]- 1 - [4-(4- { 5 - [2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn- 1 - yloxy)phenyl]-4, 5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl } - 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin- 1- yljethanone, (15.038) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2- yl Iquinazoline, (15.039) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l- yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3- chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.040) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(l-{ [3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5- dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl } -3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, ( 15.041) ipflufenoquin, (15.042) 2-{2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3- yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.043) 2-{3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-lH- pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-5-yl}- 3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.044) 2-{3-[2-(l-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)- lH-pyrazol-l-yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-l, 3-thiazol-4-yl]-4, 5-dihydro- l,2-oxazol-5- yl [phenyl methanesulfonate, (15.045) 2-phenylphenol and salts, (15.046) 3-(4,4,5- trifluoro-3 ,3-dimethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinoline, ( 15.047) quinofumelin, (15.048) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino- 5-fluoropyrimidin-2( lH)-one), ( 15.049) 4-oxo-4- [(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (15.050) 5-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'- (prop-2-yn-l-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, (15.052) 5-fluoro-2-[(4- fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.053) 5-fluoro-2-[(4- methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.054) 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinolin- 3-yl)-2, 3-dihydro- 1,4-benzoxazepine, (15.055) but-3-yn-l-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(l-methyl- lH-tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.056) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.057) phenazine-1- carboxylic acid, (15.058) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.059) quinolin-8-ol, (15.060) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.061) tert-butyl {6-[({[(l-methyl-lH- tetrazol-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate,
( 15.062) 5 -fluoro-4-imino-3 -methyl- 1 - [(4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl] -3,4- dihydropyrimidin-2(lH)-one, (15.063) aminopyrifen, (15.064) (N'-[2-chloro-4-(2- fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide), (15.065) (N'- (2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide),
( 15.066) (2- { 2- [(7, 8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3 -yl)oxy] -6-fluorophenyl Jpropan- 2-ol), (15.067) (5-bromo-l-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinoline), (15.068) (3-(4,4-difluoro-5,5-dimethyl-4,5- dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)quinoline), (15.069) (l-(4,5-dimethyl-lH- benzimidazol-l-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline), (15.070) 8- fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)quinolone, (15.071) 8- fluoro-3 -(5-fluoro-3 ,3 ,4,4-tetramethyl-3 ,4-dihydroisoquinolin- 1 -yl)quinolone, (15.072) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-l-yl)-8- fluoroquinoline, (15.073) (N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide), (15.074) (methyl{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl } carbamate), ( 15.075) (N- { 4- [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl } cyclopropanecarboxamide), ( 15.076) N-methyl-4-(5-
(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-benzamide, (15.077) N-[(E)- methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.078) N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yljbenzamide, (15.079) N-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]cyclopropane-carboxamide, (15.080) N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-[5- (trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.081) 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl- 2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.082) N-allyl- N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.083) N-[(E)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.084) N-[(Z)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]- 4-[5-(trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.085) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5- (trilluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-propanamide, (15.086) 4,4- dimethyl- l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]- pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.087) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]- benzenecarbothioamide, ( 15.088) 5-methyl- 1 - [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.089) N-((2,3-difluoro-4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trilluoro- propanamide, ( 15.090) 1 -methoxy- 1 -methyl-3- [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl } - 1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.091) 1 , 1 -diethyl-3 - [ [4- [5 -
(trifluoromethyl }-l, 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.092) N-[[4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl)methyl)propanamide, (15.093) N- methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl I phenyl | methyl] cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.094) 1 -methoxy-3 -methyl- 1 - [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.095) N- methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methly)cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.096) N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl } - 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, ( 15.097) N- ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)phenyl] melhyl] propanamide, ( 15.098) 1 -methoxy- 3 -methyl- 1 - [ [4- [5 -
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.099) 1,3- dimethoxy- 1 - [ [4- [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.100) 3-ethyl-l-methoxy-l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.101) l-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.102) 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-(5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isooxazolidin-3-one,
(15.103) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl I phenyl | methyl] isoxazolidin-3 -one, (15.104) 3 ,3 -dimethyl- 1 - [ [4- [5 -
(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.105) 1- [[3-fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]azepan-2- one, (15.106) 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, Sulfur and (15.107) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one.
[0360] Embodiment 9: The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos- methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos- methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethyl vinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenibothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon and vamidothion. (2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, preferably cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.
(3) Sodium channel modulators, preferably pyrethroids selected from acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(lR)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau- fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(lR)-trans-isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethmm), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)- isomer)], tralomethrin and transfluthrin, or DDT or methoxychlor.
(4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, preferably neonicotinoids selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine, or sulfoximines selected from sulfoxaflor, or butenolids selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.
(5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators (Site I), preferably spinosyns selected from spinetoram and spinosad.
(6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, preferably avermectins/milbemycins selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
(7) Juvenile hormone mimics, preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
(8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
(9) Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen. (10) Mite growth inhibitors affecting CHS1 selected from clofentezine, hexythiazox, diflovidazin and etoxazole.
(11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins selected from CrylAb, Cry 1 Ac, CrylFa, CrylA.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
(12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.
(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid.
(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium.
(15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1, preferably benzoylureas selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 selected from buprofezin.
(17) Moulting disruptor (in particular for Diptera, i.e., dipterans) selected from cyromazine.
(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
(19) Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
(23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat. (24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
(25) Mitochondrial complex P electron transport inhibitors, preferably beta- ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
(28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
(29) Chordotonal organ Modulators (with undefined target site) selected from flonicamid.
(30) GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators, preferably meto-diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide.
(31) Baculovisuses, preferably Granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.
(32) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators (Site II) selected from GS- omega/kappa HXTX-Hvla peptide.
(33) Further active compounds selected from Acynonapyr, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin,
Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Benzpyrimoxan, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclobutrifluram or Cyclobutrifen (CAS 1460292-16- 3), Cycloxaprid, Cyetpyrafen, Cyhalodiamide, Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, Dimpropyridaz, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon-Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Flupyrimin, Fluralaner, Fufenozide, Fupentiofenox (CAS 1472050-04-6), Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, Isocycloseram, kappa-Bifenthrin, kappa-Tefluthrin, Lotilaner, Meperfluthrin, Oxazosulfyl, Paichongding, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyriminostrobin, Spirobudiclofen, , Tetramethylfluthrin, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tigolaner, Tioxazafen, Thiofluoximate, Iodomethane, Triflupentoxide (CAS 1472050-04-6); furthermore preparations based on Bacillus firmus (1-1582, BIONEEM®, VOTIVO®), and also the following compounds: l-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)sulphinyl]phenyl } -3-(trifluoromethyl)- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazole-5-amine (known from WO 2006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), {l’-[(2E)-3-(4- chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indol-3,4'-piperidin]-1(2H)-yl}(2- chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (known from WO 2003/106457) (CAS 637360-23- 7), 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (known from WO 2006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8- diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010052161) (CAS 1225292-17- 0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en- 4-yl ethyl carbonate (known from EP2647626) (CAS 1440516-42-6) , 4-(but-2-yn- 1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (known from WO 2004/099160) (CAS 792914-58-0), PF1364 (known from JP2010/018586) (CAS 1204776-60-2), (3E)-3-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1- trifluoro-propan-2-one (known from WO 2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), N-[3- (benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4- (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6- (methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)-benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl- N-(trans-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)-benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5- dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxido-3- thietanyl)benzamide (known from WO 2013/050317 A1) (CAS 1332628-83-7), N- [3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3- trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide and (-)-N-[3- chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3- trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide (known from WO 2013/162715 A2, WO 2013/162716 A2, U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2014/0213448 A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2- methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H- pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6- methylphenyl]-l-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-lH-Pyrazole-5- carboxamide (known from WO 2012/034403 Al) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N-[2-(5- amino- 1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo- 1 -(3-chloro-2- pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2011/085575 Al) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4- [3 - [2,6-dichloro-4- [(3,3 -dichloro-2-propen- 1 - yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-l- [3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]- hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3- (2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(lH-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl- cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from CN 103524422 A) (CAS 1542271- 46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-
[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl] amino] carbonyl] -indeno [ 1 ,2-e] [ 1 , 3 ,4] oxadiazine- 4a(3H)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from CN 102391261 A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-0-ethyl-2,4-di-0-methyl-, l-[N-[4-[l-[4-(l,l,2,2,2- pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]- 1H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-a-L- mannopyranose (known from US 2014/0275503 Al) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2- cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3- yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2- cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3- yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2- cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3- yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (known from WO 2007040280 Al, WO 2007040282 Al) (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[3-chloro-l-(3-pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazol-4- yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]-propanamide (known from WO 2015/058021 Al, WO 2015/058028 Al) (CAS 1477919-27-9) and N-[4- (aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-l-(3- chloro-2-pyridinyl)-lH-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN 103265527 A) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 5-(l,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]- pyrimidine (known from WO 2013/115391 Al) (CAS 1449021-97-9), 3-(4-chloro- 2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-l-methyl-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione (known from WO 2014/187846 Al) (CAS 1638765-58-8), 3-(4-chloro-2,6- dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-l-methyl-2-oxo-l,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl- carbonic acid ethyl ester (known from WO 2010/066780 Al, WO 2011151146 Al) (CAS 1229023-00-0), 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-Dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5- (trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolidinyl]-2-methyl- benzamide (known from WO 2011/067272, WO 2013/050302) (CAS 1309959-62- 3).
[0361] Embodiment 10: The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
[0362] (Bl) bacteria, for example (Bl.l) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.2) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B-30087 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,245,551); (B1.3) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (available as YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.4) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, (having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA® product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19)); (B1.5) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL™ from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Certis, US, having accession number FERM BP-8234, and disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,094,592); (B 1.6) Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.7) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens var. subtilis strain MB 1600 (available as SUBTILEX® from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.8) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as KODIAK® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.9) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127- 5)(available from Novozymes Biologicals Inc., Salem, Virginia or Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina as the fungicide TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J , having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® WG and LIFEGARD™ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.)(available as BMJ TGAI or WG from Certis USA); (Bl.ll) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 , having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™ from Novozymes) (available as ECOGUARD™ Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™ from Novozymes); (B1.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972, or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, and described in International Patent Publication No. WO 2016/154297; (B1.13) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768; WO 2014/028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (B1.16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZO VITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B1.20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B.1.21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No. NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 (e.g., HOWLER™ and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US); (B1.22) Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g., CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert); (B1.23) Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes); (B1.24) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g., GALLTROL-A® from AgBioChem, CA); (B1.25) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g., NOGALLTM from BASF SE); (B1.26) Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (FOLIACTIVE® from Donaghys); (B1.27) Bacillus subtilis IAB/BS03 (AVIV™ from STK Bio- Ag Technologies); (B1.28) Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion- Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.29) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g., AVOGREEN™ from University of Pretoria); (B1.30) Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 (from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology); (B1.31) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (B1.32) Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61) (Accession No. DSM 7206) (MYCOSTOP® from Verdera; PREFENCE® from BioWorks; cf. Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468-475); (B1.33) Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g., BLIGHTBAN® A506 by NuFarm); and
[0363] (B2) fungi, for example: (B2.1) Coniothyrium minitans strain CON/M/91-8
(Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g., CONTANS® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.2) Talaromyces flavus strain VI 17b; (B2.3) Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g., ESQUIVE® WP from Agrauxine, FR); (B2.4) Gliocladium catenulatum (Synonym: Clonostachys rosea f catenulate) strain J1446 (e.g., PRESTOP® by Lallemand); (B2.5) Trichoderma viride strain B35 (Pietr et ak, 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (B2.6) Metschnikowia fructicola strain NRRL Y-30752; (B2.7) Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f rosea), in particular strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al. Development of a biocontrol active compound for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain ΊK726’; Australas Plant Pathol. 2007;36:95-101); (B2.8) Trichoderma asperellum strain SKT-1, having Accession No. FERM P- 16510 (e.g., ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry); Trichoderma asperellum T34 (ASPERELLO® from Biobest Group NV and T34 BIOCONTROL® by Biocontrol Technologies S.L., ES); (B2.9) Trichoderma asperelloides JM41R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.10) Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (Isagro); Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI, having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol), strain LU132 (e.g., Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited), strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002387, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002388, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002389, strain having Accession No. NMI V08/002390, strain having Accession No. ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040), strain SKT-1, having Accession No. FERM P-16510, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A, strain SKT-2, having Accession No. FERM P-16511, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A, strain SKT-3, having Accession No. FERM P-17021, JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A; (B2.11) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g., Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert), strain DB 103 (available as T-GRO® 7456 by Dagutat Biolab); (B2.12) Trichoderma virens (also known as Gliocladium virens ), in particular strain GL-21 (e.g., SoilGard by Certis, US); (B2.13) Trichoderma harzianum strain Cepa Simb-T5 (from Simbiose Agro); (B2.14) Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.15) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g., BIOKUPRUM™ by AgriLife); (B2.16) Microsphaeropsis ochracea', (B2.17) Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS02 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS 117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938, CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.18) Trichoderma virens strain G-41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.19) Gliocladium roseum strain 321 U, having Accession No. ATCC 10406, from W.F. Stoneman Company LLC; (B2.20) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.21) Trichoderma harzianum strain TH35 (e.g., ROOT- PRO® by Mycontrol); (B2.22) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No. CNCM 1-807 (e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia); (B2.23) Aureobasidium pullulans having Accession No. DSM 14940, strain having Accession No. DSM 14941; (B2.24) Cladosporium cladosporioides strain H39, having Accession No. CBS 122244, U.S. Patent Application No. 2010/0291039 (by Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek); (B2.25) Lecanicillium longisporum (formerly known as Lecanicillium lecanii and also Verticillium lecanii) strain KV01 (e.g., VERTALEC® by Koppert BV, Netherlands/ Ary sta); (B2.26) Penicillium vermiculatum', (B2.27) Pichia anomala strain WRL-076, having Accession No. NRRL Y-30842, U.S. Patent No. 7,579,183; (B2.28) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g., T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.29) Trichoderma polysporum strain IMI 206039, having Accession No. IMI 206039 (e.g., BINAB® TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden); (B2.30) Trichoderma stromaticum, having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g., TRICOVAB® by CEPLAC, Brazil); (B2.31) Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No. NM 99/06216 (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.); (B2.32) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae ), having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.33) Verticillium chlamydosporiimr, (B2.34) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716, (B2.35) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); (B2.36) Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment); (B2.37) Penicillium steckii (DSM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE; (B2.38) Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale); (B2.39) Cryptococcus flavescens, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378); (B2.40) Dactylaria Candida', (B2.41) Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®); (B2.42) Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACLEAN® by Natural Plant Protection); (B2.43) Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii ) strain KV01 (available as VERTALEC® by Koppert/Arysta); (B2.44) Penicillium vermiculatum', (B2.45) Pichia anomala, strain WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842); (B2.46) Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® Lby Plant Products Co., CA); (B2.47) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride), strain ICC080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available as BIODERMA® by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.); Trichoderma polysporum, strain IMI 206039 (available as BINAB TF® WP by BINAB Bio- Innovation AB, Sweden); Trichoderma stromaticum (available as TRICOVAB® by Ceplac, Brazil); Tsukamurella paurometabola, strain C-924 (available as HEBERNEM® by Gavac); Ulocladium oudemansii, in particular strain HRU3 (available as BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ); Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V dahliae), strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92); Trichoderma fertile (e.g., product TrichoPlus from BASF); Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548); mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 and Trichoderma gamsii strain ICC 080 (e.g., BIO-TAM™ from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); Simplicillium lanosoniveum.
[0364] Embodiment 11 : The combination according to embodiment 1 , wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
[0365] (El) bacteria selected from (El.l) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087) or strain GB34 (e.g., YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE); (E1.2) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US), strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576), strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576), strain MBI 600 (e.g., SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); (E1.3) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); (E1.4) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); (E1.5) Bacillus subtilis mi303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); (E1.6) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain pm414 (LOLI-PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection), strain SB3281 (ATCC # PTA-7542; WO 2017/205258), strain TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes), strain IN937a strain FZB42 (e.g., RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE), strain BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015); (E1.7) Bacillus mycoides strain BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), strain EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), strain EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), strain BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (E1.8) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B- 50917) or family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928), (E1.9) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (E1.10) Bacillus firmus, in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g., VOTIVO® from BASF SE); (El.ll) a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCHOOl and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (EL 12) Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g., MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); (E1.13) Brady rhizobium japonicum (e.g., OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes); (EL 14) Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (E1.15) Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); (E1.16) Delftia acidovorans, in particular strain RAY209 (e.g., BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds); (EL 17) Lactobacillus sp. (e.g., LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI); (EL 18) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g., TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); (E1.19) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g., PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (E1.20) Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.); (E1.21) Azospirillum lipoferum (e.g., VERTEX-IF™ from TerraMax, Inc.); (E1.22) a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos); (El.23) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular strain PN1; (El.24) Rhizobium leguminosarum, in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585); (E1.25) Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB- SK-5; (El.26) Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23; (El.27) Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837; (E1.28) Bacillus siamensis, in particular strain KCTC 13613T; (El.29) Bacillus tequilensis, in particular strain Nil-0943; (El.30) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); (El.31) Thiobacillus sp. (e.g., CROPAID® from Cropaid Ltd UK); and
[0366] (E2) fungi selected from (E2.1) Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as
Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g., BIO ACT® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (E2.2) Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (e.g., JUMPSTART® from Acceleron BioAg), (E2.3) Talaromyces flavus, strain VI 17b; (E2.4) Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g., ESQUIVE® WP from Agrauxine, FR), (E2.5) Trichoderma viride, e.g., strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (E2.6) Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g., SENTINEL from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (E2.7) Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196); (E2.8) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g., T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (E2.9) Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T (Plant Health Products, ZA); (E2.10) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g., TRIANUM-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert); (E2.11) Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g., DITERA™ from Valent Biosciences); (E2.12) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC20851; (E2.13) Pythium oligandrum strain Ml (ATCC 38472; e.g., Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ); (E2.14) Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g., SOILGARD® fromCertis, USA); (E2.15) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92; e.g., Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations); (E2.16) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain No. V08/002387, strain No. NMI No. V08/002388, strain No. NMI No. V08/002389, strain No. NMI No. V08/002390; (E2.17) Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908, strain TSTh20, strain 1295-22; (E2.18) Pythium oligandrum strain DV74; (E2.19) Rhizopogon amylopogon (e.g., comprised in MYCO-SOL from Helena Chemical Company); (E2.20) Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g., comprised in MYCO-SOL from Helena Chemical Company); (E2.21) Trichoderma koningii, (E2.22) Glomus aggregation', (E2.23) Glomus clarunr, (E2.24) Glomus deserticola', (E2.25) Glomus etunicatum', (E2.26) Glomus intraradices', (E2.27) Glomus monosporum', (E2.28) Glomus mosseae', (E2.29) Laccaria bicolor, (E2.30) Rhizopogon luteolus', (E2.31) Rhizopogon tinctorus', (E2.32) Rhizopogon villosulus', (E2.33) Scleroderma cepw, (E2.34) Suillus granulatus', (E2.35) Suillus punctatapies', (E2.36) Trichoderma virens strain GI-3; (E2.37) Pseudozyma aphidis (e.g., from Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem).
[0367] Embodiment 12: The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of
(a) bacteria which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0368] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain FZB42 (DSM 231179), or Bacillus cereus, in particular B. cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 or Bacillus firmus, strain 1-1582 (Accession number CNCM 1-1582) or Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814) and strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B-30087), or Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397), or Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (Accession No. NRRL B- 21661) or Bacillus subtilis strain OST 30002 (Accession No. NRRL B-50421) Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (serotype H-14), strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276), or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372), or B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1, or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428), Pasteuria penetrans, Pasteuria spp. (Rotylenchulus reniformis nematode)-PR3 (Accession Number ATCC SD-5834), Streptomyces microflavus strain AQ6121 (= QRD 31.013, NRRL B-50550), Streptomyces galbus strain AQ 6047 (Acession Number NRRL 30232).
(b) fungi and yeasts which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0369] Beauveria bassiana, in particular strain ATCC 74040, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660), Lecanicillium spp., in particular strain HRO LEC 12, Lecanicillium lecanii, (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain KV01, Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular strain L52 (DSM3884/ATCC 90448), Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (now: Isaria fumosorosea), in particular strain ILPC 200613, or strain Apopka 97 (Accesion No. ATCC 20874), Paecilomyces lilacinus, in particular P. lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550), Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain VI 17b, Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (Accession Number CBS 122089), Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum rifai T39. (Accession Number CNCM 1-952).
(c) viruses which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0370] Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis vims (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis vims (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis vims (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodopterafrugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV. (d) bacteria and fungi which are added as “inoculant” to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health:
[0371] Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., Streptomyces spp.
(e) plant extracts, products produced from plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which are employed or can be used as biological active compounds:
[0372] Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix- mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, “REQUIEM® Insecticide”, rotenone, ryania/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetumvulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder, as well as bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®.
[0373] Embodiment 13: The combination according to embodiment 1, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of benoxacor, cloquintocet (-mexyl), cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole (-ethyl), fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen (-ethyl), mefenpyr (- diethyl), naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 2-methoxy-N-({4-
[(methylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl}sulphonyl)benzamide (CAS 129531-12-0), 4-
(dichloroacetyl)-l-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (CAS 71526-07-3), 2,2,5-trimethyl-3- (dichloroacetyl)- 1 ,3-oxazolidine (CAS 52836-31-4).
[0374] Embodiment 14: The active compound combination according to any one of the preceeding embodiments, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum GNA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®) with the proviso that an active compound combination does not comprise bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER® if the strain is strain NRRL B- 67615
[0375] Embodiment 15: The active compound combination according to Embodiment 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til.
[0376] Embodiment 16: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopyram and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02)
[0377] Embodiment 17: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Trifloxystrobin and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 1010 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 1012 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.3125 to 1:0.0005)
[0378] Embodiment 18: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mefentrifluconazole and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 109CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.005 to 1:0.625)
[0379] Embodiment 19: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Spiroxamine and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 1010 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.85 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:2.5)
[0380] Embodiment 20: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Chlorothalonil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.16 x 1012 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.004)
[0381] Embodiment 21: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mancozeb and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 3.71 x 108 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:12.5 to 1:0.5)
[0382] Embodiment 22: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium) and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 107 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.5 to 1:62.5)
[0383] Embodiment 23: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is copper oxychloride and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85x 1010 CFU (a): lg (b) to 4.64 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.25 to 1:0.01)
[0384] Embodiment 24: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Sulfur and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 107 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:312.5 to 1:0.5)
[0385] Embodiment 25: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopicolide and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02)
[0386] Embodiment 26: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Isotianil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 1010 CFU (a):l g (b) to 7.42 x 107 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:62.5)
[0387] Embodiment 27: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 14 or 15, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU (a):2.7 x 107 CFU (b) to 1 CFU (a): 1:2.2 x 105 CFU (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:25 to 1:0,2) [0388] Embodiment 28: A method to control Oomycetes by applying a combination of (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B- 50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B- 67615; and Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl- Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts or any of the combinations referred to in Embodiments 14 to 27.
[0389] Embodiment 29: A method to control Powdery Mildew by applying a combination of (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Sulphur or any of the combinations referred to in Embodiments 14 to 27.
[0390] Embodiment 30: A method to control Altemaria by applying a combination of (a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B- 50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B- 67615; and Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole Chlrothalonil or any of the combinations referred to in Embodiments 14 to 27.
[0391] Embodiment 31: A seed coated with the active compound combination according to embodiment 1 or or any of the combinations referred to in Embodiments 14 to 27.
[0392] Embodiment 32: Kit-of-parts comprising a biological control active compound selected from the group consisting of one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and at least one further active compound (b) as defined in embodiment 1 or or any of the embodiments 14 to 27 in a spatially separated arrangement.
[0393] Embodiment 36: An active compound combination comprising
(a) One or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B- 67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper (2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, and bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®) with the proviso that an active compound combination does not comprise bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER® if the strain is strain NRRL B- 67615.
[0394] Embodiment 37 : The active compound combination according to embodiment 19, wherein the Paenibacillus sp. strain is strain NRRL B-67615.
[0395] Embodiment 38: An active compound combination comprising
(a) Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper (2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl- aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®).
[0396] Embodiment 39: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 38, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts or from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®).
[0397] Embodiment 40: The active compound combination according to any one of embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl- Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®).
[0398] Embodiment 41: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til.
[0399] Embodiment 42: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopyram and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02 in the examples)
[0400] Embodiment 43: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Trifloxystrobin and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 1010 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 1012 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.3125 to 1:0.0005 in the examples)
[0401] Embodiment 44: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mefentrifluconazole and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.005 to 1:0.625 in the examples) [0402] Embodiment 45: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Spiroxamine and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 1010 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.85 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:2.5 in the examples)
[0403] Embodiment 46: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Chlorothalonil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 1.16 x 1012 CFU (a): lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.004 in the examples)
[0404] Embodiment 47: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Mancozeb and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 3.71 x 108 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:12.5 to 1:0.5 in the examples)
[0405] Embodiment 48: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium) and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 9.27 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 7.42 x 107 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.5 to 1:62.5 in the examples)
[0406] Embodiment 49: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is copper oxychloride and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 1010 CFU (a):lg (b) to 4.64 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.25 to 1:0.01 in the examples)
[0407] Embodiment 50: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Sulfur and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.48 x 107 CFU (a):lg (b) to 9.27 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:312.5 to 1:0.5 in the examples)
[0408] Embodiment 51: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Fluopicolide and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1.85 x 109 CFU (a):lg (b) to 2.32 x 1011 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:2.5 to 1:0.02 in the examples)
[0409] Embodiment 52: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Isotianil and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 4.64 x 1010 CFU (a):l g (b) to 7.42 x 107 CFU (a):lg (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:0.1 to 1:62.5 in the examples)
[0410] Embodiment 53: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU (a):2.7 x 107 CFU (b) to 1 CFU (a): 1:2.2 x 105 CFU (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:25 to 1:0.2 in the examples)
[0411] Embodiment 54: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Bacillus pumilus QST2808 and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU (a): 1080 CFU (b) to 1 CFU (a):5400 CFU (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:1 to 1:5 in the examples)
[0412] Embodiment 55: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 39, wherein the active compound (a) is NRRL B-67615 and wherein the active compound (b) is Trichoderma harzianum INA Til and the ratio between (a) and (b) is from 1 CFU
(a):810 CFU (b) to 1 CFU (a):32 CFU (b). (ratio ppm/ppm from 1:5 to 1:0.2 in the examples)
[0413] Embodiment 56: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 38, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, and Sulphur.
[0414] Embodiment 57: The active compound combination according to any one of Embodiment 36 to 38, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole, and Chlrothalonil.
[0415] Embodiment 58: The active compound combination according to any one of embodiments 36 to 57 additionally comprising at least one auxiliary selected from the group consisting of extenders, solvents, spontaneity promoters, carriers, emulsifiers, dispersants, frost protectants, thickeners and adjuvants.
[0416] Embodiment 59: A method to control Oomycetes by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRE B-67615 and an active compound
(b) selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal /acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FEIPPER®, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts; or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®).
[0417] Embodiment 60: A method according to embodiment 26, wherein an active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl- aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®).
[0418] Embodiment 61: A method to control Powdery Mildew by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Sulphur or a group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl- Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®).
[0419] Embodiment 62: A method to control Powdery Mildew by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808.
[0420] Embodiment 63: A method to control Altemaria by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole, and Chlrothalonil.
[0421] Embodiment 64: A seed coated with the active compound combination according to any one of embodiment 36 to 58. [0422] Embodiment 65: Kit-of-parts comprising Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B- 67615; and at least one further active compound (b) as defined in any one of embodiments 39 to 55, in a spatially separated arrangement.
DEPOSIT INFORMATION
[0423] Samples of the Paenibacillus sp. strains of the invention have been deposited with the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection located at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (NRRL), 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A., under the Budapest Treaty. Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-50972 was deposited on August 28, 2014. Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B- 67129 was deposited on September 1, 2015. Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67304 and Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67306 were both deposited on July 22, 2016. Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67615 was deposited on May 3, 2018.
[0424] The Paenibacillus sp. strains have been deposited under conditions that assure that access to the culture will be available during the pendency of this patent application to one determined by the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.L.R. § 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. §122. However, it should be understood that the availability of a deposit does not constitute a license to practice the subject invention in derogation of patent rights granted by governmental action.
[0425] The following examples are given for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes of the present invention.
Examples
[0426] The advanced fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is evident from the example below. While the individual active compounds exhibit weaknesses with regard to the fungicidal activity, the combinations have an activity which exceeds a simple addition of activities.
[0427] A synergistic effect of fungicides is always present when the fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations exceeds the total of the activities of the active compounds when applied individually. The expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated as follows (cf. Colby, S.R., “Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations”, Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22):
If
X is the efficacy when active compound A is applied at an application rate of m ppm (or g/ha), Y is the efficacy when active compound B is applied at an application rate of n ppm (or g/ha),
E is the efficacy when the active compounds A and B are applied at application rates of m and n ppm (or g/ha), respectively, and then
Figure imgf000133_0001
100
The degree of efficacy, expressed in % is denoted. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
[0428] If the actual fungicidal activity exceeds the calculated value, then the activity of the combination is superadditive, i.e., a synergistic effect exists. In this case, the efficacy which was actually observed must be greater than the value for the expected efficacy (E) calculated from the abovementioned formula.
[0429] A further way of demonstrating a synergistic effect is the method of Tammes (cf. “Isoboles, a graphic representation of synergism in pesticides” in Neth. J. Plant Path. , 1964, 70, 73- 80).
Example in vitro - Test with Fungal Microorganisms
[0430] The tables below clearly show that the observed efficacy of the active compound combination according to the invention is greater than the calculated activity, i.e., a synergistic effect is present.
[0431] Wells of 96-well microtiter plates are filled with 10 pi of a preparation of test compound or compound combination in methanol + emulsifier alkylaryl-polyglycol-ether. Thereafter, the solvent is evaporated in a hood. At the next step, into each well 100 mΐ of liquid growth medium is given, that has been amended with an appropriate concentration of spores or mycelium suspension of the test fungus.
[0432] With the aid of a photometer the extinction in all wells is measured at the wavelength of 600nm.
[0433] The microtiter plates are incubated for 3 to 7 days at 20°C and 85% relative humidity. After the incubation inhibition of growth is determined photometrically. Efficacy is calculated in relation to the untreated control, 0% efficacy means fungal growth as high as in untreated control while 100% efficacy means no fungal growth is measured. Compounds:
[0434] Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67615 (applied as whole broth concentrate, including residual fermentation broth, and containing 9.27 x 105 CFU/g) in combination with (2.005) FLU Fluopyram (3.020) TFS Trifloxystrobin (1.055) MEZ Mefentrifluconazole (1.020) SPX Spiroxamine (5.004) CLT Chlorothalonil (5.013) MCZ mancozeb (15.012) FEA Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium)
(5.008) CPO copper oxychloride (5.001) SLF Sulfur (4.004) FLC Fluopicolide (6.002) 1ST Isotianil
(E1.2) BSQ SERENADE® ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713) applied as whole broth concentrate, including residual fermentation broth, and containing 1.0 x 1012 CFU/L). (B1.2) AQP SONATA® ( Bacillus pumilus QST2808) applied as whole broth concentrate, including residual fermentation broth, and containing 1.0 x 109 CFU/L).
PTR Trichoderma harzianum INA Til applied as granulare with 1% w/w Trichoderma harzianum INA Til (1.5 x 108 CFU/g).
(PE1.1) CAK FLIPPER® (unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil)
[0435] The tables below clearly show that the observed activity of the active compound combination according to the invention is greater than the calculated activity, i.e., a synergistic effect is present.
[0436] The transformation of the ratio of partner (a)/mixing partner (b) from ppm/ppm as given in the table to CFU mixing partner (a): lg mixing partner (b) if mixing partner (b)
[0437] is a chemical mixing partner can be easily calculated by using the CFU concentrations of mixing partner (a). For example, the ratio of 1:0.0125 (e.g., 8 ppm Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67615 as mixing partner (a) and 0.1 ppm TFS (Trifloxystrobin) as mixing partner (b)) refers to a ratio of 9.27E12 CFUs of Paenibacillus sp. NRRL B-67615/g TFS. All other conversions of ratios in ppm/ppm to ratios in CFU/g can be performed by rule of proportion. Table Al: in vitro - Test with Alternaria alternata
Figure imgf000135_0001
Table Bl: in vitro - Test with Botrytis cinerea
Figure imgf000136_0001
Figure imgf000137_0001
Table Cl: in vitro - Test with Cercosvora beticola
Figure imgf000138_0001
Figure imgf000139_0001
Figure imgf000140_0001
Table C2: in vitro - Test with Cercosvora beticola
Figure imgf000141_0001
Table Dl: in vitro - Test with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Figure imgf000141_0002
Figure imgf000142_0001
Table El: in vitro - Test with Cordana musae
Figure imgf000143_0001
Figure imgf000144_0001
Table E2: in vitro - Test with Cordana musae
Figure imgf000145_0001
Figure imgf000146_0001
Table FI: in vitro -Test with Diaoorthe citri
Figure imgf000146_0002
Figure imgf000147_0001
Table Gl: in vitro - Test with Fusarium culmorum
Figure imgf000148_0001
Figure imgf000149_0001
Table HI: in vitro - Test with Parastasonosvora nodorum
Figure imgf000149_0002
Figure imgf000150_0001
Figure imgf000151_0001
Figure imgf000152_0001
Table II: in vitro - Test with Ustilaeo seeetum var. avenae
Figure imgf000153_0001
[0438] The good insecticidal, nematicidal and/or acaricidal activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is illustrated by the examples below. Whereas the individual active compounds show weaknesses in their activity, the combinations show an activity which exceeds a simple addition of activities. [0439] A synergistic effect in insecticides and acaricides is always present when the activity of the active compound combinations exceeds the total of the activities of the active compounds when applied individually.
[0440] The expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated according to S.R. Colby, Weeds 15 (1967), 20-22 as follows: If
X is the efficacy expressed in % mortality of the untreated control for test compound A at a concentration of m ppm respectively m g/ha,
Y is the efficacy expressed in % mortality of the untreated control for test compound B at a concentration of n ppm respectively n g/ha, E is the efficacy expressed in % mortality of the untreated control using the mixture of A and B at m and n ppm respectively m and n g /ha,
Then
Figure imgf000154_0001
100
[0441] If the observed insecticidal efficacy of the combination is higher than the one calculated as “E”, then the combination of the two compounds is more than additive, i.e., there is a synergistic effect.
[0442] The invention is illustrated by the examples below. However, the invention is not limited to the examples.
[0443] The invention is illustrated by the following example. However the invention is not limited to the example.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. An active compound combination comprising
(a) one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and
(b) an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl- aluminium (Fosetyl- Al), Propineb, Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, Pyrimethanil, Prothioconazole, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper (2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts, and bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER® or or from the group consisting of Fluopyram Trifloxystrobin, Mefentrifluconazole, Spiroxamine, Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Fosetyl-Al (fosetyl-aluminium), Copper oxychloride, Sulfur, Fluopicolide, Isotianil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (SERENADE®), Bacillus pumilus QST2808 (SONATA®), Trichoderma harzianum INA Til, and unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients obtained from olive oil (e.g., the product FLIPPER®), with the proviso that an active compound combination does not comprise bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER® if the strain is strain NRRL B-67615.
2. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the Paenibacillus sp. strain is strain NRRL B-67615.
3. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts.
4. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, and Sulphur.
5. The active compound combination according to claim 1, wherein the active compound (b) is selected from the group consisting of Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole, and Chlrothalonil.
6. The active compound combination according to claim 1 additionally comprising at least one auxiliary selected from the group consisting of extenders, solvents, spontaneity promoters, carriers, emulsifiers, dispersants, frost protectants, thickeners and adjuvants.
7. A method to control Oomycetes by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopicolide, Fluoxapiprolin, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, Fosetyl-aluminium (Fosetyl-Al), Propineb, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, copper(2+) sulfate, Mancozeb, Oxathiapiprolin, Metiram, Mandipropamid, Cymoxanil, phosphorous acids and its salts.
8. A method to control Powdery Mildew by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Fluopyram, Spiroxamine, Tebuconazole, Trifloxystrobin, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808, bioinsecticidal/acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLIPPER®, Sulphur.
9. A method to control Altemaria by applying to a plant or a part of a plant a combination of Paenibacillus sp. strain NRRL B-67615 and an active compound selected from the group consisting of Trifloxystrobin, Fluopyram, Pyrimethanil, Propineb, Prothioconazole, and Chlrothalonil.
10. A seed coated with the active compound combination according to claim 1.
11. Kit-of-parts comprising a biological control active compound selected from the group consisting of one or more strains of Paenibacillus sp. selected from the group consisting of strain NRRL B-50972, strain NRRL B-67129, strain NRRL B-67304, strain NRRL B-67306, and strain NRRL B-67615; and at least one further active compound (b) as defined in claim 1 in a spatially separated arrangement.
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