TWI644572B - 匣偏置型麥克風 - Google Patents

匣偏置型麥克風 Download PDF

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TWI644572B
TWI644572B TW105109900A TW105109900A TWI644572B TW I644572 B TWI644572 B TW I644572B TW 105109900 A TW105109900 A TW 105109900A TW 105109900 A TW105109900 A TW 105109900A TW I644572 B TWI644572 B TW I644572B
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microphone
unidirectional
processor
digital audio
unidirectional microphone
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TW201703543A (zh
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布蘭特 羅伯特 舒馬德
喬傑利Ｈ 坎費爾德
馬克 吉伯特
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美商舒爾獲得控股公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/326—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only for microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/016—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04—Microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones
    • H04R2410/03—Reduction of intrinsic noise in microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/20—Processing of the output signals of the acoustic transducers of an array for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R27/00—Public address systems

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本發明提供匣偏置型麥克風，其包含以一偏置幾何形狀安裝之多個單向麥克風匣。可藉由處理來自該多個匣之音訊信號而形成包含一超環面極性型樣(toroidal polar pattern)之多種所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角(steering angle)。該等匣之該偏置幾何形狀可包含安裝該等匣使得其彼此緊鄰且使得其中心軸彼此偏置。該等麥克風可具有一更一致之軸上頻率響應且可藉由減少該等匣內及該等匣之間之干擾及反射而更均勻地形成所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角。

Description

匣偏置型麥克風
本申請案大體上係關於匣偏置型麥克風。特定言之，本申請案係關於包含以一偏置幾何形狀安裝之多個單向麥克風匣且具有可經處理以形成多種極性型樣之音訊信號之麥克風。
會議環境(諸如會議室、視訊會議設定及類似者)可涉及使用麥克風以自音訊源捕捉聲音。音訊源可包含(例如)人類講者(human speaker)。可透過環境中之揚聲器、一電視廣播、網路廣播、電話等將所捕獲之聲音散佈至一聽眾。麥克風之類型及其在一特定環境中之放置可取決於音訊源之位置、實體空間要求、美學、房間佈局及/或其他考量。舉例而言，在一些環境中，麥克風可放置於音訊源附近之一桌或講台上。在其他環境中，麥克風可(例如)安裝於高處以自整個房間捕獲聲音。因此，麥克風可有多種大小、外觀尺寸、安裝選項及佈線選項以適合特定環境之需要。
可用於會議之麥克風之類型可包含可定位於一表面(例如，一桌)上或中之界面式麥克風(boundary microphone)及按鈕式麥克風。此等麥克風可包含多個匣使得麥克風具有多個獨立極性型樣以自多個音訊源捕獲聲音，諸如一單一麥克風中具有兩個匣用於形成兩個單獨極性型樣以自一桌之相對側上之揚聲器捕獲聲音。其他此等麥克風可包含多個匣使得可藉由處理來自各匣之音訊信號而形成多種極性型樣。此 等類型之麥克風係多功能的，此係因為其可視需要組態以形成不同極性型樣而不需要實體交換匣。針對此等類型之麥克風，雖然將多個匣共定位在麥克風內使得各匣同時偵測環境中之聲音將係理想的，然而，其實際上係不可行的。因而，歸因於頻率響應不規則性及匣內及匣之間之干擾及反射，此等類型之麥克風不可均勻地形成所要極性型樣且不可理想地捕獲聲音。
用於麥克風及個別麥克風匣之典型極性型樣可包含全向、心形、亞心形、超心形(supercardioid)、高心形(hypercardioid)及雙向。針對一特定麥克風或匣選取之極性型樣可取決於音訊源之位置、排除非所要雜訊之期望及/或其他考量。在會議環境中，可期望一麥克風具有在麥克風之平面中係全向之一超環面極性型樣，其在垂直於該平面之軸中具有一空值。舉例而言，定位於一桌上之具有一超環面極性型樣之一麥克風在沿著桌平面之全部方向上偵測聲音但最小化麥克風上方(例如，朝向桌上方之天花板)之聲音之偵測。然而，具有超環面極性型樣之現有麥克風實際上可為大，具有一高自有雜訊，需要複雜處理及/或具有在一全頻率範圍(例如，100Hz至10kHz)內之不一致極性型樣。
因此，麥克風有機會解決此等問題。更特定言之，包含多個單向麥克風匣(其可減少匣之間之干擾，更均勻地形成所要極性型樣，形成一超環面極性型樣)之麥克風有機會相對小及緊密且具有一相對低自有雜訊。
本發明旨在藉由提供經設計以尤其完成以下各者之麥克風而解決上文提及之問題：(1)減少一麥克風內之多個單向麥克風匣之間之干擾及反射；(2)使用多個單向麥克風匣均勻地形成所要極性型樣；(3)使用一緊密低雜訊麥克風中之四個單向麥克風匣形成一超環面極 性型樣；及(4)具有一更一致軸上頻率響應。
在一實施例中，一種麥克風可包含一外殼及安裝於外殼內之複數個單向麥克風匣，其中單向麥克風匣之各者具有一面向前之隔膜及一後埠。單向麥克風匣經安裝於外殼內使得匣之各者彼此緊鄰，且匣之各者之一中心軸彼此偏置。
在另一實施例中，一種麥克風可包含具有一視覺指示器之一外殼及安裝於外殼內之四個單向麥克風匣，其中匣之各者具有一面向前之隔膜及一後埠。單向麥克風匣彼此緊鄰。麥克風亦可包含與匣通信之一處理器，該處理器經組態以自匣之音訊信號產生對應於一或多個極性型樣之數位音訊輸出信號。處理器亦經組態以啟動視覺指示器以指示極性型樣。
在一進一步實施例中，一種使用一處理器處理來自安裝於一麥克風之一外殼內之複數個單向麥克風匣之複數個音訊信號之方法包含：接收表示所要極性型樣及/或與所要極性型樣相關聯之所要轉向角之一設定；自單向麥克風匣接收複數個音訊信號；將複數個音訊信號轉換成複數個數位音訊信號；基於設定自複數個數位音訊信號產生一或多個數位音訊輸出信號，其中數位音訊輸出信號對應於所要極性型樣；及啟動外殼上之一視覺指示器以指示所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角。單向麥克風匣彼此緊鄰地安裝在外殼內且單向麥克風匣之各者之一中心軸彼此偏置。
自闡述指示可採用本發明之原理之多種方式之闡釋性實施例之以下詳細描述及隨附圖式將更明白且更完全瞭解此等及其他實施例及多種排列及態樣。
100‧‧‧會議環境
102‧‧‧麥克風
104‧‧‧橋接裝置
106‧‧‧網路
108‧‧‧揚聲器
200‧‧‧麥克風
202‧‧‧單向麥克風匣
204‧‧‧單向麥克風匣
206‧‧‧隔膜
208‧‧‧隔膜
210‧‧‧中心軸
212‧‧‧中心軸
214‧‧‧後埠
216‧‧‧後埠
250‧‧‧外殼
300‧‧‧麥克風
302‧‧‧單向麥克風匣
304‧‧‧單向麥克風匣
306‧‧‧單向麥克風匣
308‧‧‧單向麥克風匣
310‧‧‧隔膜
312‧‧‧隔膜
314‧‧‧隔膜
316‧‧‧隔膜
318‧‧‧中心軸
320‧‧‧中心軸
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324‧‧‧中心軸
326‧‧‧後埠
328‧‧‧後埠
330‧‧‧後埠
332‧‧‧後埠
350‧‧‧外殼
400‧‧‧麥克風
402‧‧‧護柵
404‧‧‧視覺指示器
600‧‧‧程序
602‧‧‧步驟
604‧‧‧步驟
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圖1係根據一些實施例之包含具有多個單向麥克風匣之麥克風之一例示性會議環境之一示意性表示。
圖2係根據一些實施例之具有呈一偏置組態之兩個單向麥克風匣之一麥克風之一內部之一俯視圖之一示意性表示。
圖3係根據一些實施例之具有呈一偏置組態之四個單向麥克風匣之一麥克風之一內部之一俯視圖之一示意性表示。
圖4係根據一些實施例之具有呈一偏置組態之四個單向麥克風匣之一麥克風之一例示性外殼之一透視圖。
圖5A至圖5D係根據一些實施例之具有經啟動視覺指示器之不同型樣之麥克風之例示性外殼之俯視圖之示意性表示。
圖6係繪示根據一些實施例之用於處理來自多個單向麥克風匣之音訊信號以產生對應於一或多個所要極性型樣之一或多個數位音訊輸出信號之操作之一流程圖。
圖7係繪示根據一些實施例之用於處理來自多個單向麥克風匣之音訊信號以產生對應於一超環面極性型樣之一數位音訊輸出信號之操作之一流程圖。
以下描述描述、繪示且例示根據本發明之原理之本發明之一或多項特定實施例。此描述並非經提供以將本發明限於本文中描述之實施例，而係解釋且教示本發明之原理使得一般技術者能夠理解此等原理且在理解之情況下能夠應用原理以實踐不僅在本文中描述之實施例而且根據此等原理可想到之其他實施例。本發明之範疇旨在涵蓋字面上或根據等效物之原則可落於隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內之全部此等實施例。
應注意，在描述及圖式中，可使用相同元件符號標記相同或實質上類似元件。然而，例如，諸如在其中此標記促進一更清晰描述之情況下，有時可使用不同數字標記此等元件。另外，本文中闡述之圖式不必按比例繪製，且在一些例項中，可放大比例以更清晰描繪某些 特徵。此等標記及繪製實踐不必暗示一潛在實質性目的。如上文中陳述，說明書旨在視為一整體且根據如本文中教示且一般技術者理解之本發明之原理解譯。
本文中描述之麥克風可藉由使用呈一偏置幾何形狀之多個單向麥克風匣以減少匣內及匣之間之干擾及反射而均勻地形成所要極性型樣及/或所要極性型樣之所要轉向角。麥克風亦可具有一更一致軸上頻率響應。麥克風具有靈活性以形成在多種會議環境中可期望之許多不同類型之極性型樣(包含一超環面極性型樣)。可由麥克風轉向之極性型樣係第一階極性型樣(即，由一階週期函數及純量加法器定義)。因此，一使用者可視需要組態麥克風以形成不同極性型樣及/或與極性型樣相關聯之轉向角，如定位(例如)人類講者或其他音訊源所需。麥克風相對較小且可用於代替具有專用極性型樣之多個麥克風。因此，麥克風可係美學上引人的同時能夠在許多不同情境及環境中自揚聲器及其他音訊源最佳地捕獲聲音。
圖1係其中可使用本文中描述之麥克風之一例示性會議環境100之一示意性表示。環境100可係在(例如)一會議廳或會議室中，其中利用麥克風102以自音訊源(諸如人類講者)捕獲聲音。在環境中可存在非所要之其他聲音，諸如來自通風、其他人、音訊/視覺設備、電子裝置等之雜訊。在一典型情境中，音訊源可坐落在一桌邊處之座椅中，但亦預期音訊源之其他組態及放置且音訊源之其他組態及放置係可行的。
一或多個麥克風102可放置於(例如)一桌或講台上使得可偵測且捕獲來自音訊源之聲音(諸如由人類講者所說之話音)。麥克風102可包含呈一偏置組態之多個單向麥克風匣且可組態以形成多個極性型樣及/或對應轉向角(如下文中詳細描述)使得最佳偵測且捕獲來自音訊源之聲音。可由麥克風102形成之極性型樣可包含全向、心形、亞心 形、超心形、高心形、雙向及/或超環面。在一些實施例中，麥克風102中之單向麥克風匣可各係具有一心形極性型樣及一後埠之一駐極體電容式麥克風匣。在其他實施例中，單向麥克風匣可具有其他極性型樣及/或可係動態麥克風、帶式麥克風、壓電式麥克風及/或其他類型之麥克風。在實施例中，可由一使用者透過軟體組態由麥克風102形成之所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角。
麥克風102中之各單向麥克風匣可偵測聲音且將聲音轉換成一類比音訊信號。麥克風102中之組件(諸如類比轉數位轉換器、處理器及/或其他組件)可處理類比音訊信號且最終產生一或多個數位音訊輸出信號。在一些實施例中，數位音訊輸出信號可符合用於經由乙太網路傳輸音訊之但丁(Dante)標準或可符合另一標準。可藉由麥克風102中之處理器自單向麥克風匣之音訊信號形成一或多個極性型樣，且處理器可產生對應於各極性型樣之一數位音訊輸出信號。在其他實施例中，麥克風102中之單向麥克風匣可輸出類比音訊信號使得麥克風102外部之其他組件及裝置(例如，處理器、混合器、記錄器、放大器等)可處理來自麥克風102之類比音訊信號。
在一些實施例中，處理器亦可混合來自單向麥克風匣之音訊信號且產生一混合數位音訊輸出信號。舉例而言，處理器可藉由監測一特定極性型樣是否在作用中而混合單向麥克風匣之音訊信號。若由一麥克風102形成之一特定極性型樣處在作用中，則其他極性型樣可設成靜音。以此方式，可自處理器輸出一所要音訊混合使得強調一目標音訊源且抑制其他音訊源。在共同讓與之專利(美國專利第4,658,425號及美國專利第5,297,210號)中揭示音訊混合器之實施例，該等專利之各者之全文以引用的方式併入。
一橋接裝置104可與麥克風102有線或無線通信且自麥克風102接收數位音訊輸出信號。橋接裝置104亦可與一網路106(例如，IP語音 網路、電話網路、區域網路、網際網路等)及/或揚聲器108有線或無線通信。特定言之，橋接裝置104可自麥克風102接收數位音訊輸出信號且轉換數位音訊輸出信號以經由網路106傳輸至(諸如)電話之一遠端方。亦可將來自麥克風102之數位音訊輸出信號轉換成類比音訊信號以經由揚聲器108聽到。橋接裝置104可包含用以調整諸如以下各者之麥克風102之參數之控制件：極性型樣、增益、雜訊抑制、靜音、頻率響應等。在一些實施例中，一電子裝置可與麥克風102及/或橋接裝置104通信以控制此等參數。電子裝置可包含(例如)一智慧型電話、平板電腦、膝上型電腦、桌上型電腦等。
圖2係具有呈一偏置組態之兩個單向麥克風匣202、204之一麥克風200之內部之一俯視圖之一示意性表示。麥克風200具有其中安裝兩個單向麥克風匣202、204之一外殼250。圖2中描繪之外殼250旨在展示用於單向麥克風匣202、204之一可能包體且展示為一圓形形狀，但預期任何適合形狀及/或外觀尺寸且任何適合形狀及/或外觀尺寸係可行的。外殼250可包含諸如開關、按鈕及/或視覺指示器之使用者介面組件(未展示)及/或單向麥克風匣202、204上方之一護柵或其他蓋(未展示)。可使用如此項技術中已知且利用之任何適用且相關方法及技術將匣202、204安裝在外殼250內。
在一些實施例中，單向麥克風匣202、204可各係具有一心形極性型樣及一後埠214、216之一駐極體電容式麥克風匣。單向麥克風匣202、204可分別具有在各匣之前方用於偵測聲音之隔膜206、208。可自單向麥克風匣202、204之各者輸出類比音訊信號。麥克風200內及/或麥克風200外部之一處理器(未展示)可處理來自單向麥克風匣202、204之音訊信號以形成多種極性型樣。取決於特定環境，可由一使用者視需要組態極性型樣以自音訊源最佳捕獲聲音。
如圖2中所見，單向麥克風匣202、204經安裝在外殼250內使得 匣彼此鄰近。特定言之，後埠214之至少一部分面對後埠216之至少一部分，且匣202、204之隔膜206、208向外面向外殼250。單向麥克風匣202、204之中心軸210、212分別彼此偏置使得單向麥克風匣202、204並非同軸。此外，在一些實施例中，單向麥克風匣202、204之中心軸210、212亦可自外殼250之一中心(由圖2中之「X」表示)偏置使得單向麥克風匣202、204不與麥克風200之中心成一直線。麥克風200中之單向麥克風匣202、204不限於如圖2中描繪之組態，且預期麥克風200中之匣202、204之其他對準及/或定向且該等其他對準及/或定向係可行的。
藉由如圖2中展示般將單向麥克風匣202、204定位在麥克風200中，可最小化單向麥克風匣202、204與外殼250內之任何額外組件(未展示)之間之互動效應。舉例而言，歸因於匣之偏置幾何形狀，可減輕單向麥克風匣202、204內及單向麥克風匣202、204之間之反射。另外，由於匣經偏置，故由單向麥克風匣202、204形成之極性型樣可更均勻且得以維持。
圖3係具有呈一偏置組態之四個單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之一麥克風300之內部之一俯視圖之一示意性表示。麥克風300具有其中安裝四個單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之一外殼350。圖3中描繪之外殼350旨在展示用於單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之一可能包體且展示為一圓形形狀，但預期任何適合形狀及/或外觀尺寸且任何適合形狀及/或外觀尺寸係可行的。外殼350可包含諸如開關、按鈕及/或視覺指示器之使用者介面組件(未展示)及/或單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308上方之一護柵或其他蓋(未展示)。可使用如此項技術中已知且利用之任何適用且相關方法及技術將匣302、304、306、308安裝在外殼350內。
在一些實施例中，單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308可各係具 有一心形極性型樣及一後埠326、328、330、332之一駐極體電容式麥克風匣。單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308可分別具有在各匣之前方用於偵測聲音之隔膜310、312、314、316。可自單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之各者輸出類比音訊信號。麥克風300內及/或麥克風300外部之一處理器(未展示)可處理來自單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之音訊信號以形成多種極性型樣。取決於特定環境，可由一使用者視需要組態極性型樣以自音訊源最佳捕獲聲音。
如圖3中所見，單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308安裝於外殼350內且大致彼此垂直且鄰近。特定言之，後埠326、328、330、332之各者之至少一部分鄰近且面對一相鄰單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之一側之至少一部分，而隔膜310、312、314、316向外面向外殼350。匣302定向成0度且其後埠326之至少一部分鄰近且面對匣304之側；匣304定向成90度且其後埠328之至少一部分鄰近且面對匣306之側；匣306定向成180度且其後埠330之至少一部分鄰近且面對匣308之側；且匣308定向成270度且其後埠332之至少一部分鄰近且面對匣302之側。
單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之中心軸318、320、322、324分別彼此偏置。此外，在一些實施例中，中心軸318、320、322、324可自外殼350之一中心(由圖3中之「X」表示)偏置使得單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308不與麥克風300之中心成一直線。麥克風300中之單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308不限於如圖3中描繪之組態，且亦預期麥克風300中之匣302、304、306、308之其他對準及/或定向方式且該等其他對準及/或定向方式係可行的。
藉由如圖3中展示般將單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308定位在麥克風300中，可最小化單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308與外殼350內之任何額外組件(未展示)之間之互動效應。舉例而言，歸因於匣之 偏置幾何形狀，可減輕單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308內及單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308之間之反射。另外，由於匣經偏置，故由單向麥克風匣302、304、306、308形成之極性型樣及/或轉向型樣可更均勻且得以維持。
圖4係具有呈一偏置組態(諸如圖3中展示之組態)之四個單向麥克風匣之一麥克風400之一例示性外殼之一透視圖。麥克風400可包含在匣上方用以保護匣且用於減少非所要雜訊之一護柵402、用於麥克風400之控制及靜音之開關及/或按鈕(未展示)及/或一視覺指示器404。視覺指示器404可係(例如)在麥克風400之使用期間(諸如當來電時；當麥克風處在作用中時；當麥克風靜音時等)可啟動之一多色彩LED環。在一些實施例中，取決於麥克風400之狀態及/或使用，視覺指示器404之一些部分或全部可係固體、閃光及/或以不用色彩展示。視覺指示器404亦能夠在不同區段中獨立啟動以表示麥克風400之極性型樣及/或轉向角。取決於針對一所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角之一設定，麥克風400中之一處理器或其他適合組件可以不同方式啟動(例如，點亮)視覺指示器404以傳達已形成極性型樣之處。因此，可將麥克風400之組態通知給麥克風400之使用者且使用者可將其適當定位在麥克風400周圍使得最佳偵測且捕獲其話音。
如圖5A至圖5D中示意性展示，可以不同方式啟動此一視覺指示器以反射麥克風之所選擇極性型樣及/或轉向角。舉例而言，當形成指向0度之一單一心形極性型樣時，可啟動視覺指示器之一單一區段，如圖5A中展示。在圖5B中，當形成指向0度及180度之一雙向極性型樣時，可如展示般啟動視覺指示器之兩個單獨區段。當形成指向0度、90度、180度及270度之四個心形極性型樣時，可啟動視覺指示器之四個單獨區段，如圖5C中展示。且在圖5D中，當形成指向0度、120度及240度之三個心形極性型樣時，可如展示般啟動視覺指示器之 三個單獨區段。圖5A至圖5D中描繪之視覺指示器係例示性，且取決於麥克風之所選擇極性型樣及/或轉向角，預期視覺指示器之啟動之其他型樣且視覺指示器之啟動之其他型樣係可行的。
根據本發明之一或多個原理，在圖6中展示用於處理來自一麥克風中之多個單向麥克風匣之音訊信號以產生對應於所要極性型樣之數位音訊輸出信號之一程序600之一實施例。舉例而言，可利用程序600以處理來自麥克風200、300中之多個單向麥克風匣之音訊信號，如上文中描述且在圖2及圖3中展示。在麥克風內或外部之一或多個處理器及/或其他處理組件(例如，類比轉數位轉換器、加密晶片等)可執行程序600之任何、一些或全部步驟。亦可結合處理器及/或其他處理組件利用一或多個其他類型之組件(例如，記憶體、輸入及/或輸出裝置、傳輸器、接收器、緩衝器、驅動器、離散組件等)以執行程序600之任何、一些或全部步驟。
在步驟602處，可接收針對所要極性型樣及/或所要極性型樣之所要轉向角之一設定。舉例而言，可自一橋接裝置、一電子裝置及/或與麥克風通信之其他控制裝置接收設定。取決於特定環境，麥克風之一使用者可視需要組態設定以自音訊源最佳捕獲聲音。所要極性型樣可包含(例如)全向、心形、亞心形、超心形、高心形、雙向及/或超環面。在一些實施例中，取決於特定極性型樣，一所要極性型樣可轉向成任何所要角度。舉例而言，心形、亞心形、超心形及高心形極性型樣可轉向成不同角度，而全向、雙向及超環面極性型樣不可轉向。在實施例中，為了由一使用者更容易組態，可以特定增量(例如，15度)選擇所要轉向角。針對所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角之可能設定可取決於麥克風中之多個單向麥克風匣之組態。舉例而言，具有兩個單向麥克風匣之一麥克風(諸如圖2中描述之麥克風200)可無法使所要極性型樣轉向或產生對應於一超環面極性型樣之一數位音訊信號。然 而，具有四個單向麥克風匣之一麥克風(諸如圖3中描述之麥克風300)可能夠產生任何所要極性型樣(包含一超環面極性型樣)且使特定所要極性型樣轉向。
可處理來自麥克風中之多個單向麥克風匣之音訊信號以形成所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角。在步驟604處，可接收來自麥克風中之各單向麥克風匣之類比音訊信號且(諸如)藉由一類比轉數位轉換器而將該類比音訊信號轉換成一數位音訊信號。在步驟606處，可判定在步驟602處接收之設定是否係使所要極性型樣為一超環面極性型樣。若設定係使所要極性型樣為一超環面極性型樣，則程序600可繼續至步驟622以自單向麥克風匣之音訊信號形成超環面極性型樣。下文在圖7中更詳細描述步驟622。
然而，若在步驟606處針對所要極性型樣之設定並非針對一超環面極性型樣，則程序600可繼續至步驟608。在步驟608處，可判定各數位音訊信號之增益因數使得基於在步驟602處接收之設定產生所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角。在步驟610處，可將所判定之增益因數施加至數位音訊信號。亦可在步驟610處將施加有增益因數之所得數位音訊信號加總在一起以產生型樣音訊信號。在步驟610處產生之型樣音訊信號之各者可對應於所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角之各者。
在步驟612處，可判定是否混合型樣音訊信號。在一些實施例中，可由麥克風之一使用者(諸如)透過在步驟602處接收之設定組態是否混合型樣音訊信號。若混合型樣音訊信號，則程序600繼續至步驟614，其中混合型樣音訊信號以產生一混合音訊信號。在步驟616處，可輸出混合音訊信號作為一數位音訊輸出信號。然而，若在步驟612處不混合型樣音訊信號，則程序600繼續至步驟618以輸出在步驟610處產生之型樣音訊信號作為數位音訊輸出信號。舉例而言，在步驟616及618處輸出之(若干)數位音訊輸出信號可符合用於經由乙太網 路傳輸音訊之但丁標準。在一些實施例中，在步驟620處可基於在步驟602處接收之設定啟動麥克風上之一視覺指示器以指示所要極性型樣及/或所要轉向角。在圖5A至圖5D中論述且展示啟動視覺指示器之不同型樣。
作為程序600之一實例，若設定係使所要極性型樣及所要轉向角為指向0度之一單一心形極性型樣，則可使用來自麥克風中之各單向麥克風匣之類比音訊信號以產生對應於該單一心形極性型樣之一單一數位音訊輸出信號。另外，類似於圖5A中所描繪，可在0度啟動麥克風上之視覺指示器之一單一區段。作為另一實例，若設定係使所要極性型樣及所要轉向角為指向0度、90度、180度及270度之四個心形極性型樣，則可使用來自麥克風中之各單向麥克風匣之類比音訊信號以產生四個數位音訊輸出信號(或若期望混合，則產生一單一數位音訊輸出信號)。四個數位音訊輸出信號可分別對應於四個心形極性型樣。類似於圖5C中所描繪，可在0度、90度、180度及270度啟動麥克風上之視覺指示器之四個區段。作為一進一步實例，若設定係使所要極性型樣為一雙向極性型樣，則可使用來自麥克風中之各單向麥克風匣之類比音訊信號以產生對應於雙向極性型樣之一數位音訊輸出信號。類似於圖5B中所描繪，可在0度及180度啟動麥克風上之視覺指示器之兩個區段。
圖7描述用於自單向麥克風匣之音訊信號形成一超環面極性型樣之步驟622之一實施例之進一步細節。在此實施例中，類似於圖3中展示之麥克風300，麥克風可具有呈一偏置組態之四個單向麥克風匣。在步驟702處，分別自兩個單向麥克風匣之數位音訊信號減去兩個相對單向麥克風匣之數位音訊信號以產生兩個雙向型樣信號。兩個雙向型樣信號對應於彼此垂直形成之兩個雙向極性型樣。舉例而言，在圖3中展示之組態中，自定位成0度之單向麥克風匣(即，匣302)之數位 音訊信號減去定位成180度之相對單向麥克風匣(即，匣306)之數位音訊信號以產生一第一雙向型樣信號。自定位成90度之單向麥克風匣(即，匣304)之數位音訊信號減去定位成270度之相對單向麥克風匣(即，匣308)之數位音訊信號以產生一第二雙向型樣信號。
在步驟704處可延遲第一雙向型樣信號以產生一延遲第一雙向型樣信號。在步驟704處延遲第一雙向型樣信號以使第一雙向型樣信號在時間上與在步驟706處產生之一相位偏移之第二雙向型樣信號對準。在步驟706處，使第二雙向型樣信號相位偏移90度以產生相位偏移之第二雙向型樣信號。舉例而言，可使用第二雙向型樣信號之一希伯特(Hilbert)變換(或一希伯特變換之一有限脈衝響應近似法)以導致90度相位偏移。因此，第一雙向型樣信號係非相位偏移且直行(具有一延遲)且第二雙向型樣信號相位偏移90度。
在步驟708處可加總延遲之第一雙向型樣信號及相位偏移之第二雙向型樣信號以產生一超環面型樣信號。在步驟710處可低切濾波超環面型樣信號以產生一經濾波之超環面型樣信號以確保第一及第二雙向極性型樣之頻率響應彼此不顯著變動。在步驟712處可輸出經濾波之超環面型樣信號作為數位輸出音訊信號。舉例而言，在步驟712處輸出之數位音訊輸出信號可符合用於經由乙太網路傳輸音訊之但丁標準。在一些實施例中，在步驟714處可基於在步驟602處接收之設定啟動麥克風上之一視覺指示器以指示超環面極性型樣。
如一般技術者將理解，圖中之任何程序描述或方塊應理解為表示包含用於實施特定邏輯功能或程序中之步驟之一或多個可執行指令之程式碼之模組、片段或部分，且替代實施方案包含於本發明之實施例之範疇內，其中取決於所涉及之功能性，可不依所展示或論述之順序(包含實質上同時或以相反順序)執行功能。
本發明旨在解釋如何設計出且使用根據此項技術之多項實施例 而非限制本發明之真實、期望及合理範疇及精神。前文描述不旨在詳盡性或限於所揭示之精確形式。根據上文中之教示，修改或變動係可行的。選取且描述(若干)實施例以提供所描述技術之原理及其實際應用之最佳圖解，且使一般技術者能夠在多項實施例中且以適用於所設想之特定用途之多種修改利用此項技術。全部此等修改及變動在如由如可在本申請案申請專利之待決期間被修正之隨附申請專利範圍及其所有等效物(當根據其被合理、合法且等效地授權之範圍解釋時)判定之實施例之範疇內。

Claims (30)

  1. 一種麥克風，其包括：一外殼；及複數個單向麥克風匣，其安裝於該外殼內，該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者包括一面向前之隔膜及一後埠，該隔膜經組態以偵測來自一音訊源之聲音且將該聲音轉換成一音訊信號；其中：該複數個單向麥克風匣安裝於該外殼內使得該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者彼此緊鄰；且該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之一中心軸自該複數個單向麥克風匣之至少另一者之中心軸偏置(offset)。
  2. 如請求項1之麥克風，其中該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者包括具有一心形極性型樣之一駐極體電容式麥克風匣。
  3. 如請求項1之麥克風，其進一步包括與該複數個單向麥克風匣通信之一處理器，其中：該處理器經組態以產生對應於一或多個極性型樣之一或多個數位音訊輸出信號，該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號自該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該音訊信號產生；且該一或多個極性型樣包括全向、心形、亞心形、超心形、高心形或雙向之一或多者。
  4. 如請求項3之麥克風，其中該處理器進一步經組態以：接收表示該一或多個極性型樣之一設定；及藉由基於該設定產生對應於該一或多個極性型樣之該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號而產生該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號。
  5. 如請求項1之麥克風，其進一步包括與該複數個單向麥克風匣通信之一處理器，其中：該處理器經組態以產生對應於具有一或多個相關聯之轉向角之一或多個極性型樣之一或多個數位音訊輸出信號，該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號自該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該音訊信號產生；且該一或多個極性型樣包括心形、亞心形、超心形或高心形之一或多者。
  6. 如請求項5之麥克風，其中該處理器進一步經組態以基於該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該音訊信號之一混合產生一混合數位音訊輸出信號。
  7. 如請求項5之麥克風，其中該處理器進一步經組態以：接收表示該一或多個極性型樣及該一或多個轉向角之一設定；及藉由基於該設定產生對應於具有該一或多個相關聯之轉向角之該一或多個極性型樣之該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號而產生該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號。
  8. 如請求項5之麥克風，其中該處理器進一步經組態以啟動該外殼上之一視覺指示以表示該一或多個極性型樣或該一或多個轉向角之一或多者。
  9. 如請求項1之麥克風，其中該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該中心軸自該外殼之一中心偏置。
  10. 如請求項1之麥克風，其中該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該後埠之至少一部分彼此緊鄰。
  11. 如請求項1之麥克風，其中該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該中心軸彼此平行。
  12. 如請求項1之麥克風，其中：該複數個單向麥克風匣包括第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣；該第一單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第二單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；該第二單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第三單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；該第三單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第四單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；且該第四單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第一單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分。
  13. 如請求項1之麥克風，其中：該複數個單向麥克風匣包括第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣；且該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之該中心軸彼此垂直。
  14. 如請求項1之麥克風，其中該複數個單向麥克風匣包括第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣；其進一步包括與該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣通信之一處理器，該處理器經組態以自該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之該音訊信號產生一數位音訊輸出信號，其中該數位音訊輸出信號對應於一超環面極性型樣。
  15. 一種麥克風，其包括：一外殼，其具有一視覺指示器；第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣，其安裝於該外殼內，該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者包括一面向前之隔膜及一後埠，該隔膜經組態以偵測來自一音訊源之聲音且將該聲音轉換成一音訊信號，其中：該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣彼此緊鄰；其中該第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之一中心軸，自至少另一單向麥克風匣之中心軸偏置；及一處理器，其與該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣通信，該處理器經組態以：自該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之該音訊信號產生一或多個數位音訊輸出信號，其中該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號對應於一或多個極性型樣；且啟動該視覺指示器以指示該一或多個極性型樣。
  16. 如請求項15之麥克風，其中該處理器進一步經組態以基於該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之該音訊信號之一混合產生一混合數位音訊輸出信號。
  17. 如請求項15之麥克風，其中該處理器進一步經組態以：接收表示該一或多個極性型樣及一或多個相關聯之轉向角之一設定；及藉由基於該設定產生對應於具有該一或多個相關聯之轉向角之該一或多個極性型樣之該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號而產生該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號。
  18. 如請求項15之麥克風，其中：該第一單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第二單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；該第二單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第三單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；該第三單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第四單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；且該第四單向麥克風匣之該後埠緊鄰且面對該第一單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分。
  19. 如請求項15之麥克風，其中該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣各包括具有一心形極性型樣之一駐極體電容式麥克風匣。
  20. 如請求項15之麥克風，其中該一或多個極性型樣包括一超環面極性型樣。
  21. 如請求項15之麥克風，其中該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之該中心軸自該外殼之一中心偏置。
  22. 如請求項15之麥克風，其中該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之一中心軸彼此垂直。
  23. 一種使用一處理器處理來自安裝於一麥克風之一外殼內之複數個單向麥克風匣之複數個音訊信號之方法，該方法包括：在該處理器處接收表示一或多個所要極性型樣或分別與該一或多個所要極性型樣相關聯之一或多個所要轉向角之一或多者之一設定；在該處理器處接收來自該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者的該複數個音訊信號之各者，其中：該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者彼此緊鄰地安裝在該外殼內；且該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之一中心軸自該複數個單向麥克風匣之至少另一者之中心軸偏置；將該複數個音訊信號轉換成複數個數位音訊信號；使用該處理器基於該設定自該複數個數位音訊信號產生一或多個數位音訊輸出信號，其中該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號對應於該一或多個所要極性型樣；及使用該處理器基於該設定啟動該外殼上之一視覺指示器以指示該一或多個所要極性型樣或該一或多個所要轉向角之一或多者。
  24. 如請求項23之方法，其中該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該中心軸自該外殼之一中心偏置。
  25. 如請求項23之方法，其中該複數個單向麥克風匣之各者之該中心軸彼此平行。
  26. 如請求項23之方法，其中產生該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號包括：使用該處理器基於該設定針對該複數個數位音訊信號之各者判定對應於具有該一或多個所要轉向角之該一或多個所要極性型樣之複數個增益因數；使用該處理器將該複數個增益因數分別施加至該複數個數位音訊信號之各者且加總施加有該複數個增益因數之該複數個數位音訊信號以產生一或多個型樣音訊信號，其中該一或多個型樣音訊信號分別對應於該一或多個所要極性型樣；及使用該處理器輸出該一或多個型樣音訊信號作為該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號。
  27. 如請求項26之方法，其中產生該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號進一步包括：使用該處理器混合該一或多個型樣音訊信號以產生一混合音訊信號；及使用該處理器輸出該混合音訊信號作為該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號。
  28. 如請求項23之方法，其中：該一或多個所要極性型樣包括一超環面極性型樣；該複數個單向麥克風匣包括第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣；產生該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號包括：使用該處理器自該第一單向麥克風匣之該數位音訊信號減去該第三單向麥克風匣之該數位音訊信號以產生一第一雙向型樣信號；使用該處理器自該第二單向麥克風匣之該數位音訊信號減去該第四單向麥克風匣之該數位音訊信號以產生一第二雙向型樣信號；使用該處理器延遲該第一雙向型樣信號以產生一經延遲之第一雙向型樣信號；使用該處理器使該第二雙向型樣信號相位偏移90度以產生一經相位偏移之第二雙向型樣信號；使用該處理器加總該經延遲之第一雙向型樣信號及該經相位偏移之第二雙向型樣信號以產生一超環面型樣信號；使用該處理器低切濾波該超環面型樣信號以產生一經濾波之超環面型樣信號；及使用該處理器輸出該經濾波之超環面型樣信號作為該一或多個數位音訊輸出信號。
  29. 如請求項28之方法，其中：該第一單向麥克風匣之一後埠緊鄰且面對該第二單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；該第二單向麥克風匣之一後埠緊鄰且面對該第三單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；該第三單向麥克風匣之一後埠緊鄰且面對該第四單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分；且該第四單向麥克風匣之一後埠緊鄰且面對該第一單向麥克風匣之一側之至少一部分。
  30. 如請求項28之方法，其中該等第一、第二、第三及第四單向麥克風匣之各者之該中心軸彼此垂直。
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