CN107743711B - 匣偏移型麦克风 - Google Patents

匣偏移型麦克风 Download PDF

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CN107743711B
CN107743711B CN201680028994.5A CN201680028994A CN107743711B CN 107743711 B CN107743711 B CN 107743711B CN 201680028994 A CN201680028994 A CN 201680028994A CN 107743711 B CN107743711 B CN 107743711B
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unidirectional microphone
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布伦特·罗伯特·舒莫德
格雷戈里·H·坎菲尔德
马克·吉尔伯特
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Shure Acquisition Holdings Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/326—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only for microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
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    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/04—Microphones
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
    • H04R19/01—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets
    • H04R19/016—Electrostatic transducers characterised by the use of electrets for microphones
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    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones
    • H04R2410/03—Reduction of intrinsic noise in microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/20—Processing of the output signals of the acoustic transducers of an array for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
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Abstract

本发明提供匣偏移型麦克风，其包含以偏移几何形状安装的多个单向麦克风匣。可通过处理来自所述多个匣的音频信号而形成包含超环面极性图案的多种所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角。所述匣的所述偏移几何形状可包含安装所述匣使得其彼此紧邻且使得其中心轴彼此偏移。所述麦克风可具有更一致的轴上频率响应且可通过减少所述匣内及所述匣之间的干涉及反射而更均匀地形成所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角。

Description

匣偏移型麦克风
技术领域
本申请案大体上涉及匣偏移型麦克风。特定来说，本申请案涉及包含以偏移几何形状安装的多个单向麦克风匣且具有可经处理以形成多种极性图案的音频信号的麦克风。
背景技术
会议环境(例如会议室、视频会议情境及类似物)可涉及使用麦克风以从音频源捕获声音。音频源可包含(例如)人类讲者(human speaker)。可通过环境中的扬声器、电视广播、网络广播、电话等将所捕获的声音散布到听众。麦克风的类型及其在特定环境中的放置可取决于音频源的位置、物理空间要求、美学、房间布局及/或其它考虑。举例来说，在一些环境中，麦克风可放置于音频源附近的桌或讲台上。在其它环境中，麦克风可(例如)安装于高处以从整个房间捕获声音。因此，麦克风可有多种大小、形状因数、安装选项及布线选项以适合特定环境的需要。
可用于会议的麦克风的类型可包含可定位于表面(例如，桌)上或中的边界式麦克风(boundary microphone)及按钮式麦克风。此类麦克风可包含多个匣使得麦克风具有多个独立极性图案以从多个音频源捕获声音，例如单个麦克风中具有两个匣用于形成两个单独极性图案以从桌的相对侧上的扬声器捕获声音。其它此类麦克风可包含多个匣使得可通过处理来自每一匣的音频信号而形成多种极性图案。这些类型的麦克风是多功能的，这是因为其可视需要配置以形成不同极性图案而不需要物理交换匣。针对这些类型的麦克风，虽然将多个匣共同定位在麦克风内使得每一匣同时检测环境中的声音将是理想的，然而，其实际上是不可能的。因而，归因于频率响应不规则性及匣内及匣之间的干涉及反射，这些类型的麦克风不可均匀地形成所期望的极性图案且不可理想地捕获声音。
用于麦克风及个别麦克风匣的典型极性图案可包含全向、心形、亚心形、超心形(supercardioid)、高心形(hypercardioid)及双向。针对特定麦克风或匣选取的极性图案可取决于音频源的位置、排除非所要的噪声的期望及/或其它考虑。在会议环境中，可期望麦克风具有在麦克风的平面中是全向的超环面极性图案，其在垂直于所述平面的轴中具有空值。举例来说，定位于桌上的具有超环面极性图案的麦克风在沿着桌平面的全部方向上检测声音但最小化麦克风上方(例如，朝向桌上方的天花板)的声音的检测。然而，具有超环面极性图案的现存麦克风物理上可为大，具有高自有噪声，需要复杂处理及/或在全频率范围(例如，100Hz到10kHz)内具有不一致极性图案。
因此，麦克风有机会解决这些问题。更特定来说，包含多个单向麦克风匣(其可减少匣之间的干涉，更均匀地形成所期望的极性图案，形成超环面极性图案)的麦克风有机会相对小及紧凑且具有相对低自有噪声。
发明内容
本发明希望通过提供经设计以尤其完成以下各者的麦克风而解决上文提及的问题：(1)减少麦克风内的多个单向麦克风匣之间的干涉及反射；(2)使用多个单向麦克风匣均匀地形成所期望的极性图案；(3)使用紧凑低噪声麦克风中的四个单向麦克风匣形成超环面极性图案；及(4)具有更一致轴上频率响应。
在实施例中，一种麦克风可包含外壳及安装于外壳内的多个单向麦克风匣，其中单向麦克风匣中的每一者具有面向前的隔膜及后端口。单向麦克风匣经安装于外壳内使得匣中的每一者彼此紧邻，且匣中的每一者的中心轴彼此偏移。
在另一实施例中，一种麦克风可包含具有视觉指示器的外壳及安装于外壳内的四个单向麦克风匣，其中匣中的每一者具有面向前的隔膜及后端口。单向麦克风匣彼此紧邻。麦克风还可包含与匣通信的处理器，所述处理器经配置以从匣的音频信号产生对应于一或多个极性图案的数字音频输出信号。处理器还经配置以激活视觉指示器以指示极性图案。
在另一实施例中，一种使用处理器处理来自安装于麦克风的外壳内的多个单向麦克风匣的多个音频信号的方法包含：接收表示所期望的极性图案及/或与所期望的极性图案相关联的所期望的转向角的设置；从单向麦克风匣接收多个音频信号；将多个音频信号转换成多个数字音频信号；基于设置从多个数字音频信号产生一或多个数字音频输出信号，其中数字音频输出信号对应于所期望的极性图案；及激活外壳上的视觉指示器以指示所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角。单向麦克风匣彼此紧邻地安装在外壳内且单向麦克风匣中的每一者的中心轴彼此偏移。
从陈述指示可采用本发明的原理的多种方式的说明性实施例的以下详细描述及附图将更明白且更完全理解这些及其它实施例及多种排列及方面。
附图说明
图1是根据一些实施例的包含具有多个单向麦克风匣的麦克风的示范性会议环境的示意性表示。
图2是根据一些实施例的具有呈偏移配置的两个单向麦克风匣的麦克风的内部的俯视图的示意性表示。
图3是根据一些实施例的具有呈偏移配置的四个单向麦克风匣的麦克风的内部的俯视图的示意性表示。
图4是根据一些实施例的具有呈偏移配置的四个单向麦克风匣的麦克风的示范性外壳的透视图。
图5A到5D是根据一些实施例的具有经激活视觉指示器的不同图案的麦克风的示范性外壳的俯视图的示意性表示。
图6是说明根据一些实施例的用于处理来自多个单向麦克风匣的音频信号以产生对应于一或多个所期望的极性图案中的一或多个数字音频输出信号的操作的流程图。
图7是说明根据一些实施例的用于处理来自多个单向麦克风匣的音频信号以产生对应于超环面极性图案的数字音频输出信号的操作的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下描述描述、说明且示范根据本发明的原理的本发明中的一或多个特定实施例。此描述并非经提供以将本发明限于本文中描述的实施例，而是解释且教示本发明的原理使得所属领域的一般技术人员能够理解这些原理且在理解的情况下能够应用原理以不仅实践在本文中描述的实施例而且还实践根据这些原理可想到的其它实施例。本发明的范围希望涵盖字面上或根据等效物的原则可落于所附权利要求书的范围内的全部此类实施例。
应注意，在描述及图式中，可使用相同元件符号标记相同或基本上类似元件。然而，例如，举例来说，在其中此标记促进更清晰描述的情况下，有时可使用不同数字标记这些元件。另外，本文中陈述的图式不一定按比例绘制，且在一些例子中，可放大比例以更清晰描绘某些特征。此类标记及绘制实践不一定暗示潜在实质性目的。如上文中陈述，说明书希望视为一个整体且根据如本文中教示且所属领域的一般技术人员理解的本发明的原理进行解译。
本文中描述的麦克风可通过使用呈偏移几何形状的多个单向麦克风匣以减少匣内及匣之间的干涉及反射而均匀地形成所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的极性图案的所期望的转向角。麦克风还可具有更一致轴上频率响应。麦克风具有灵活性以形成在多种会议环境中可期望的许多不同类型的极性图案(包含超环面极性图案)。可由麦克风转向的极性图案是第一阶极性图案(即，由一阶周期函数及标量加法器定义)。因此，用户可视需要配置麦克风以形成不同极性图案及/或与极性图案相关联的转向角，如定位(例如)人类讲者或其它音频源所需。麦克风相对较小且可用于代替具有专用极性图案的多个麦克风。因此，麦克风可是在美学上令人愉悦的同时能够在许多不同情境及环境中从扬声器及其它音频源最优地捕获声音。
图1是其中可使用本文中描述的麦克风的示范性会议环境100的示意性表示。环境100可为在(例如)会议厅或会议室中，其中利用麦克风102以从音频源(例如人类讲者)捕获声音。在环境中可存在可为不合意的其它声音，例如来自通风设备、其它人、音频/视觉设备、电子装置等的噪声。在典型情境中，音频源可坐落在桌边处的座椅中，但也预期音频源的其它配置及放置且音频源的其它配置及放置是可能的。
一或多个麦克风102可放置于(例如)桌或讲台上使得可检测且捕获来自音频源的声音(例如由人类讲者所说的话音)。麦克风102可包含呈偏移配置的多个单向麦克风匣且可配置以形成多个极性图案及/或对应转向角(如下文中详细描述)使得最优检测且捕获来自音频源的声音。可由麦克风102形成的极性图案可包含全向、心形、亚心形、超心形、高心形、双向及/或超环面。在一些实施例中，麦克风102中的单向麦克风匣可各自为具有心形极性图案及后端口的驻极体电容式麦克风匣。在其它实施例中，单向麦克风匣可具有其它极性图案及/或可为动态麦克风、带式麦克风、压电式麦克风及/或其它类型的麦克风。在实施例中，可由用户通过软件配置由麦克风102形成的所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角。
麦克风102中的单向麦克风匣中的每一者可检测声音且将声音转换成模拟音频信号。麦克风102中的组件(例如模/数转换器、处理器及/或其它组件)可处理模拟音频信号且最终产生一或多个数字音频输出信号。在一些实施例中，数字音频输出信号可符合用于经由以太网传输音频的但丁(Dante)标准或可符合另一标准。可通过麦克风102中的处理器从单向麦克风匣的音频信号形成一或多个极性图案，且处理器可产生对应于极性图案中的每一者的数字音频输出信号。在其它实施例中，麦克风102中的单向麦克风匣可输出模拟音频信号使得麦克风102外部的其它组件及装置(例如，处理器、混频器、记录器、放大器等)可处理来自麦克风102的模拟音频信号。
在一些实施例中，处理器也可混合来自单向麦克风匣的音频信号且产生混合数字音频输出信号。举例来说，处理器可通过监测特定极性图案是否在作用中而混合单向麦克风匣的音频信号。如果由麦克风102形成的特定极性图案处在作用中，那么其它极性图案可设成静音。以此方式，可从处理器输出所期望的音频混合使得目标音频源得到加强且其它音频源被抑制。在共同转让的专利(第4,658,425号美国专利及第5,297,210号美国专利)中揭示音频混合器的实施例，所述专利中的每一者以全文引用的方式并入。
桥接装置104可与麦克风102有线或无线通信且从麦克风102接收数字音频输出信号。桥接装置104也可与网络106(例如，IP语音网络、电话网络、局域网、因特网等)及/或扬声器108有线或无线通信。特定来说，桥接装置104可从麦克风102接收数字音频输出信号且转换数字音频输出信号以经由网络106传输到(例如)电话的远程方。也可将来自麦克风102的数字音频输出信号转换成模拟音频信号以经由扬声器108听到。桥接装置104可包含用以调整例如以下各者的麦克风102的参数的控制件：极性图案、增益、噪声抑制、静音、频率响应等。在一些实施例中，电子装置可与麦克风102及/或桥接装置104通信以控制此类参数。电子装置可包含(例如)智能电话、平板计算机、膝上型计算机、桌上型计算机等。
图2是具有呈偏移配置的两个单向麦克风匣202、204的麦克风200的内部的俯视图的示意性表示。麦克风200具有其中安装两个单向麦克风匣202、204的外壳250。图2中描绘的外壳250希望展示用于单向麦克风匣202、204的可能包络且展示为圆形形状，但预期任何适合形状及/或形状因数且任何适合形状及/或形状因数是可能的。外壳250可包含例如开关、按钮及/或视觉指示器的用户接口组件(未展示)及/或单向麦克风匣202、204上方的护栅或其它盖(未展示)。可使用如所属领域中已知且利用的任何适用且相关方法及技术将匣202、204安装在外壳250内。
在一些实施例中，单向麦克风匣202、204可各自为具有心形极性图案及后端口214、216的驻极体电容式麦克风匣。单向麦克风匣202、204可分别具有在每一匣的前方用于检测声音的隔膜206、208。可从单向麦克风匣202、204中的每一者输出模拟音频信号。麦克风200内及/或麦克风200外部的处理器(未展示)可处理来自单向麦克风匣202、204的音频信号以形成多种极性图案。取决于特定环境，可由用户视需要配置极性图案以从音频源最优捕获声音。
如图2中所见，单向麦克风匣202、204经安装在外壳250内使得匣彼此邻近。特定来说，后端口214的至少一部分面对后端口216的至少一部分，且匣202、204的隔膜206、208向外面向外壳250。单向麦克风匣202、204的中心轴210、212分别彼此偏移使得单向麦克风匣202、204并非同轴。此外，在一些实施例中，单向麦克风匣202、204的中心轴210、212也可从外壳250的中心(由图2中的“X”表示)偏移使得单向麦克风匣202、204不与麦克风200的中心成直线。麦克风200中的单向麦克风匣202、204不限于如图2中描绘的配置，且预期麦克风200中的匣202、204的其它对准及/或定向且所述其它对准及/或定向是可能的。
通过如图2中展示那样将单向麦克风匣202、204定位在麦克风200中，可最小化单向麦克风匣202、204与外壳250内的任何额外组件(未展示)之间的相互作用效应。举例来说，归因于匣的偏移几何形状，可减轻单向麦克风匣202、204内及单向麦克风匣202、204之间的反射。另外，由于匣经偏移，所以由单向麦克风匣202、204形成的极性图案可更均匀且得以维持。
图3是具有呈偏移配置的四个单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308的麦克风300的内部的俯视图的示意性表示。麦克风300具有其中安装四个单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308的外壳350。图3中描绘的外壳350希望展示用于单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308的可能包络且展示为圆形形状，但预期任何适合形状及/或形状因数且任何适合形状及/或形状因数是可能的。外壳350可包含例如开关、按钮及/或视觉指示器的用户接口组件(未展示)及/或单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308上方的护栅或其它盖(未展示)。可使用如所属领域中已知且利用的任何适用且相关方法及技术将匣302、304、306、308安装在外壳350内。
在一些实施例中，单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308可各自为具有心形极性图案及后端口326、328、330、332的驻极体电容式麦克风匣。单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308可分别具有在每一匣的前方用于检测声音的隔膜310、312、314、316。可从单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308中的每一者输出模拟音频信号。麦克风300内及/或麦克风300外部的处理器(未展示)可处理来自单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308的音频信号以形成多种极性图案。取决于特定环境，可由用户视需要配置极性图案以从音频源最优捕获声音。
如图3中所见，单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308安装于外壳350内且大体上彼此垂直且邻近。特定来说，后端口326、328、330、332中的每一者的至少一部分邻近且面对相邻单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308的侧的至少一部分，而隔膜310、312、314、316向外面向外壳350。匣302定向成0度且其后端口326的至少一部分邻近且面对匣304的侧；匣304定向成90度且其后端口328的至少一部分邻近且面对匣306的侧；匣306定向成180度且其后端口330的至少一部分邻近且面对匣308的侧；且匣308定向成270度且其后端口332的至少一部分邻近且面对匣302的侧。
单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308的中心轴318、320、322、324可分别彼此偏移。此外，在一些实施例中，中心轴318、320、322、324可从外壳350的中心(由图3中的“X”表示)偏移使得单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308不与麦克风300的中心成直线。麦克风300中的单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308不限于如图3中描绘的配置，且还预期麦克风300中的匣302、304、306、308的其它对准及/或定向方式且所述其它对准及/或定向方式是可能的。
通过如图3中展示那样将单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308定位在麦克风300中，可最小化单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308与外壳350内的任何额外组件(未展示)之间的相互作用效应。举例来说，归因于匣的偏移几何形状，可减轻单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308内及单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308之间的反射。另外，由于匣经偏移，所以由单向麦克风匣302、304、306、308形成的极性图案及/或转向图案可更均匀且得以维持。
图4是具有呈偏移配置(例如图3中展示的配置)的四个单向麦克风匣的麦克风400的示范性外壳的透视图。麦克风400可包含在匣上方用以保护匣且用于减少非所要的噪声的护栅402、用于麦克风400的控制及静音的开关及/或按钮(未展示)及/或视觉指示器404。视觉指示器404可为(例如)在麦克风400的使用期间(例如当来电时；当麦克风处在作用中时；当麦克风静音时等)可激活的多色彩LED环。在一些实施例中，取决于麦克风400的状态及/或使用，视觉指示器404的一些部分或全部可为固体、闪光及/或以不用色彩展示。视觉指示器404还能够在不同区段中独立激活以表示麦克风400的极性图案及/或转向角。取决于针对所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角的设置，麦克风400中的处理器或其它适合组件可以不同方式激活(例如，点亮)视觉指示器404以传达已形成极性图案之处。因此，可将麦克风400的配置通知给麦克风400的用户且用户可将其适当定位在麦克风400周围使得最优检测且捕获其话音。
如图5A到5D中示意性展示，可以不同方式激活此视觉指示器以反射麦克风的所选择极性图案及/或转向角。举例来说，当形成指向0度的单个心形极性图案时，可激活视觉指示器的单个区段，如图5A中展示。在图5B中，当形成指向0度及180度的双向极性图案时，可如展示那样激活视觉指示器的两个单独区段。当形成指向0度、90度、180度及270度的四个心形极性图案时，可激活视觉指示器的四个单独区段，如图5C中展示。且在图5D中，当形成指向0度、120度及240度的三个心形极性图案时，可如展示那样激活视觉指示器的三个单独区段。图5A到5D中描绘的视觉指示器是示范性，且取决于麦克风的所选择极性图案及/或转向角，预期视觉指示器的激活的其它图案且视觉指示器的激活的其它图案是可能的。
根据本发明的一或多个原理，在图6中展示用于处理来自麦克风中的多个单向麦克风匣的音频信号以产生对应于所期望的极性图案的数字音频输出信号的过程600的实施例。举例来说，可利用过程600以处理来自麦克风200、300中的多个单向麦克风匣的音频信号，如上文中描述且在图2及3中展示。在麦克风内或外部的一或多个处理器及/或其它处理组件(例如，模/数转换器、加密芯片等)可执行过程600的任何、一些或全部步骤。也可结合处理器及/或其它处理组件利用一或多个其它类型的组件(例如，存储器、输入及/或输出装置、传输器、接收器、缓冲器、驱动器、离散组件等)以执行过程600的任何、一些或全部步骤。
在步骤602处，可接收针对所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的极性图案的所期望的转向角的设置。举例来说，可从桥接装置、电子装置及/或与麦克风通信的其它控制装置接收设置。取决于特定环境，麦克风的用户可视需要配置设置以从音频源最优捕获声音。所期望的极性图案可包含(例如)全向、心形、亚心形、超心形、高心形、双向及/或超环面。在一些实施例中，取决于特定极性图案，所期望的极性图案可转向成任何所期望的角度。举例来说，心形、亚心形、超心形及高心形极性图案可转向成不同角度，而全向、双向及超环面极性图案不可转向。在实施例中，为了由用户更容易配置，可以特定增量(例如，15度)选择所期望的转向角。针对所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角的可能设置可取决于麦克风中的多个单向麦克风匣的配置。举例来说，具有两个单向麦克风匣的麦克风(例如图2中描述的麦克风200)可无法使所期望的极性图案转向或产生对应于超环面极性图案的数字音频信号。然而，具有四个单向麦克风匣的麦克风(例如图3中描述的麦克风300)可能够产生任何所期望的极性图案(包含超环面极性图案)且使特定所期望的极性图案转向。
可处理来自麦克风中的多个单向麦克风匣的音频信号以形成所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角。在步骤604处，可接收来自麦克风中的每一单向麦克风匣的模拟音频信号且(例如)通过模/数转换器而将所述模拟音频信号转换成数字音频信号。在步骤606处，可确定在步骤602处接收的设置是否是使所期望的极性图案为超环面极性图案。如果设置是使所期望的极性图案为超环面极性图案，那么过程600可继续到步骤622以从单向麦克风匣的音频信号形成超环面极性图案。下文在图7中更详细描述步骤622。
然而，如果在步骤606处针对所期望的极性图案的设置并非针对超环面极性图案，那么过程600可继续到步骤608。在步骤608处，可确定每一数字音频信号的增益因数使得基于在步骤602处接收的设置产生所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角。在步骤610处，可将所确定的增益因数施加到数字音频信号。也可在步骤610处将施加有增益因数的所得数字音频信号加总在一起以产生图案音频信号。在步骤610处产生的图案音频信号中的每一者可对应于所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角中的每一者。
在步骤612处，可确定是否混合图案音频信号。在一些实施例中，可由麦克风的用户(例如)通过在步骤602处接收的设置配置是否混合图案音频信号。如果混合图案音频信号，那么过程600继续到步骤614，其中混合图案音频信号以产生混合音频信号。在步骤616处，可输出混合音频信号作为数字音频输出信号。然而，如果在步骤612处不混合图案音频信号，那么过程600继续到步骤618以输出在步骤610处产生的图案音频信号作为数字音频输出信号。举例来说，在步骤616及618处输出的数字音频输出信号可符合用于经由以太网传输音频的但丁标准。在一些实施例中，在步骤620处可基于在步骤602处接收的设置激活麦克风上的视觉指示器以指示所期望的极性图案及/或所期望的转向角。在图5A到5D中论述且展示激活视觉指示器的不同图案。
作为过程600的实例，如果设置是使所期望的极性图案及所期望的转向角为指向0度的单个心形极性图案，那么可使用来自麦克风中的每一单向麦克风匣的模拟音频信号以产生对应于所述单个心形极性图案的单个数字音频输出信号。另外，类似于图5A中所描绘，可在0度激活麦克风上的视觉指示器的单个区段。作为另一实例，如果设置是使所期望的极性图案及所期望的转向角为指向0度、90度、180度及270度的四个心形极性图案，那么可使用来自麦克风中的每一单向麦克风匣的模拟音频信号以产生四个数字音频输出信号(或如果期望混合，那么产生单个数字音频输出信号)。四个数字音频输出信号可分别对应于四个心形极性图案。类似于图5C中所描绘，可在0度、90度、180度及270度激活麦克风上的视觉指示器的四个区段。作为另一实例，如果设置是使所期望的极性图案为双向极性图案，那么可使用来自麦克风中的每一单向麦克风匣的模拟音频信号以产生对应于双向极性图案的数字音频输出信号。类似于图5B中所描绘，可在0度及180度激活麦克风上的视觉指示器的两个区段。
图7描述用于从单向麦克风匣的音频信号形成超环面极性图案的步骤622的实施例的另外细节。在此实施例中，类似于图3中展示的麦克风300，麦克风可具有呈偏移配置的四个单向麦克风匣。在步骤702处，分别从两个单向麦克风匣的数字音频信号减去两个相对单向麦克风匣的数字音频信号以产生两个双向图案信号。两个双向图案信号对应于彼此垂直形成的两个双向极性图案。举例来说，在图3中展示的配置中，从定位成0度的单向麦克风匣(即，匣302)的数字音频信号减去定位成180度的相对单向麦克风匣(即，匣306)的数字音频信号以产生第一双向图案信号。从定位成90度的单向麦克风匣(即，匣304)的数字音频信号减去定位成270度的相对单向麦克风匣(即，匣308)的数字音频信号以产生第二双向图案信号。
在步骤704处可延迟第一双向图案信号以产生延迟第一双向图案信号。在步骤704处延迟第一双向图案信号以使第一双向图案信号在时间上与在步骤706处产生的相移的第二双向图案信号对准。在步骤706处，使第二双向图案信号相移90度以产生相移的第二双向图案信号。举例来说，可使用第二双向图案信号的希伯特(Hilbert)变换(或希伯特变换的有限脉冲响应近似法)以导致90度相移。因此，第一双向图案信号是非相移且直行(具有延迟)且第二双向图案信号相移90度。
在步骤708处可加总延迟的第一双向图案信号及相移的第二双向图案信号以产生超环面图案信号。在步骤710处可低切滤波超环面图案信号以产生经滤波的超环面图案信号以确保第一及第二双向极性图案的频率响应彼此不显著变化。在步骤712处可输出经滤波的超环面图案信号作为数字输出音频信号。举例来说，在步骤712处输出的数字音频输出信号可符合用于经由以太网络传输音频的但丁标准。在一些实施例中，在步骤714处可基于在步骤602处接收的设置激活麦克风上的视觉指示器以指示超环面极性图案。
如所属领域的一般技术人员将理解，图中的任何过程描述或框应理解为表示包含用于实施特定逻辑功能或过程中的步骤中的一或多个可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，且替代实施方案包含于本发明的实施例的范围内，其中取决于所涉及的功能性，可不以所展示或论述的顺序(包含基本上同时或以相反顺序)执行功能。
本发明希望解释如何设计出且使用根据所属领域的多个实施例而非限制本发明的真实、期望及合理范围及精神。前文描述不希望详尽性或限于所揭示的精确形式。根据上文中的教示，修改或变化是可能的。选取且描述实施例以提供所描述技术的原理及其实际应用的最优说明，且使所属领域的一般技术人员能够在多个实施例中且以适用于所设想的特定用途的多种修改利用所属领域。全部此类修改及变化在如由如可在本申请案申请专利的待决期间被修正的所附权利要求书及其所有等效物(当根据其被合理、合法且等效地授权的范围解释时)确定的实施例的范围内。

Claims (30)

1.一种麦克风，其包括：
外壳；及
多个单向麦克风匣，其安装于所述外壳内，所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者包括面向前的隔膜及后端口，所述隔膜经配置以检测来自音频源的声音且将所述声音转换成音频信号；
其中：
所述多个单向麦克风匣安装于所述外壳内使得所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者彼此紧邻；且
所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的中心轴与所述多个单向麦克风匣中的至少另一者的中心轴偏移。
2.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其中所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者包括具有心形极性图案的驻极体电容式麦克风匣。
3.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其进一步包括与所述多个单向麦克风匣通信的处理器，其中：
所述处理器经配置以产生对应于一或多个极性图案的一或多个数字音频输出信号，所述一或多个数字音频输出信号从所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述音频信号产生；且
所述一或多个极性图案包括全向、心形、亚心形、超心形、高心形或双向中的一或多者。
4.根据权利要求3所述的麦克风，其中所述处理器进一步经配置以：
接收表示所述一或多个极性图案的设置；及
通过基于所述设置产生对应于所述一或多个极性图案的所述一或多个数字音频输出信号而产生所述一或多个数字音频输出信号。
5.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其进一步包括与所述多个单向麦克风匣通信的处理器，其中：
所述处理器经配置以产生对应于具有一或多个相关联的转向角的一或多个极性图案的一或多个数字音频输出信号，所述一或多个数字音频输出信号从所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述音频信号产生；且
所述一或多个极性图案包括心形、亚心形、超心形或高心形中的一或多者。
6.根据权利要求5所述的麦克风，其中所述处理器进一步经配置以基于所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述音频信号的混合产生混合数字音频输出信号。
7.根据权利要求5所述的麦克风，其中所述处理器进一步经配置以：
接收表示所述一或多个极性图案及所述一或多个转向角的设置；及
通过基于所述设置产生对应于具有所述一或多个相关联的转向角的所述一或多个极性图案的所述一或多个数字音频输出信号而产生所述一或多个数字音频输出信号。
8.根据权利要求5所述的麦克风，其中所述处理器进一步经配置以激活所述外壳上的视觉指示以表示所述一或多个极性图案或所述一或多个转向角中的一或多者。
9.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其中所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述中心轴从所述外壳的中心偏移。
10.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其中所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述后端口的至少一部分彼此紧邻。
11.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其中所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述中心轴彼此平行。
12.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其中：
所述多个单向麦克风匣包括第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣；
所述第一单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第二单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；
所述第二单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第三单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；
所述第三单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第四单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；且
所述第四单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第一单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分。
13.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风，其中：
所述多个单向麦克风匣包括第一、第二、第三及第四单向麦克风匣；且
所述第一、第二、第三及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述中心轴彼此垂直。
14.根据权利要求1所述的麦克风：
其中所述多个单向麦克风匣包括第一、第二、第三及第四单向麦克风匣；
其进一步包括与所述第一、第二、第三及第四单向麦克风匣通信的处理器，所述处理器经配置以从所述第一、第二、第三及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述音频信号产生数字音频输出信号，其中所述数字音频输出信号对应于超环面极性图案。
15.一种麦克风，其包括：
外壳，其具有视觉指示器；
第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣，其安装于所述外壳内，所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者包括面向前的隔膜及后端口，所述隔膜经配置以检测来自音频源的声音且将所述声音转换成音频信号，其中：
所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣彼此紧邻；
其中所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的中心轴与至少另一个单向麦克风匣的中心轴偏移；及
处理器，其与所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣通信，所述处理器经配置以：
从所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述音频信号产生一或多个数字音频输出信号，其中所述一或多个数字音频输出信号对应于一或多个极性图案；且
激活所述视觉指示器以指示所述一或多个极性图案。
16.根据权利要求15所述的麦克风，其中所述处理器进一步经配置以基于所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述音频信号的混合产生混合数字音频输出信号。
17.根据权利要求15所述的麦克风，其中所述处理器进一步经配置以：
接收表示所述一或多个极性图案及一或多个相关联的转向角的设置；及
通过基于所述设置产生对应于具有所述一或多个相关联的转向角的所述一或多个极性图案的所述一或多个数字音频输出信号而产生所述一或多个数字音频输出信号。
18.根据权利要求15所述的麦克风，其中：
所述第一单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第二单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；
所述第二单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第三单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；
所述第三单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第四单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；且
所述第四单向麦克风匣的所述后端口紧邻且面对所述第一单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分。
19.根据权利要求15所述的麦克风，其中所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣各包括具有心形极性图案的驻极体电容式麦克风匣。
20.根据权利要求15所述的麦克风，其中所述一或多个极性图案包括超环面极性图案。
21.根据权利要求15所述的麦克风，其中所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述中心轴从所述外壳的中心偏移。
22.根据权利要求15所述的麦克风，其中所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的中心轴彼此垂直。
23.一种使用处理器处理来自安装于麦克风的外壳内的多个单向麦克风匣的多个音频信号的方法，所述方法包括：
在所述处理器处接收表示一或多个所期望的极性图案或分别与所述一或多个所期望的极性图案相关联的一或多个所期望的转向角的一或多者的设置；
在所述处理器处从所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者接收所述多个音频信号中的每一者，其中：
所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者彼此紧邻地安装在所述外壳内；且
所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的中心轴与所述多个单向麦克风匣中的至少另一者的中心轴偏移；
将所述多个音频信号转换成多个数字音频信号；
使用所述处理器基于所述设置从所述多个数字音频信号产生一或多个数字音频输出信号，其中所述一或多个数字音频输出信号对应于所述一或多个所期望的极性图案；及
使用所述处理器基于所述设置激活所述外壳上的视觉指示器以指示所述一或多个所期望的极性图案或所述一或多个所期望的转向角中的一或多者。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述中心轴从所述外壳的中心偏移。
25.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述多个单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述中心轴彼此平行。
26.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中产生所述一或多个数字音频输出信号包括：
使用所述处理器基于所述设置针对所述多个数字音频信号中的每一者确定对应于具有所述一或多个所期望的转向角的所述一或多个所期望的极性图案的多个增益因数；
使用所述处理器将所述多个增益因数分别施加到所述多个数字音频信号中的每一者且加总施加有所述多个增益因数的所述多个数字音频信号以产生一或多个图案音频信号，其中所述一或多个图案音频信号分别对应于所述一或多个所期望的极性图案；及
使用所述处理器输出所述一或多个图案音频信号作为所述一或多个数字音频输出信号。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，其中产生所述一或多个数字音频输出信号进一步包括：
使用所述处理器混合所述一或多个图案音频信号以产生混合音频信号；及
使用所述处理器输出所述混合音频信号作为所述一或多个数字音频输出信号。
28.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中：
所述一或多个所期望的极性图案包括超环面极性图案；
所述多个单向麦克风匣包括第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣；
产生所述一或多个数字音频输出信号包括：
使用所述处理器从所述第一单向麦克风匣的所述数字音频信号减去所述第三单向麦克风匣的所述数字音频信号以产生第一双向图案信号；
使用所述处理器从所述第二单向麦克风匣的所述数字音频信号减去所述第四单向麦克风匣的所述数字音频信号以产生第二双向图案信号；
使用所述处理器延迟所述第一双向图案信号以产生经延迟的第一双向图案信号；
使用所述处理器使所述第二双向图案信号相移90度以产生经相移的第二双向图案信号；
使用所述处理器加总所述经延迟的第一双向图案信号及所述经相移的第二双向图案信号以产生超环面图案信号；
使用所述处理器低切滤波所述超环面图案信号以产生经滤波的超环面图案信号；及
使用所述处理器输出所述经滤波的超环面图案信号作为所述一或多个数字音频输出信号。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中：
所述第一单向麦克风匣的后端口紧邻且面对所述第二单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；
所述第二单向麦克风匣的后端口紧邻且面对所述第三单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；
所述第三单向麦克风匣的后端口紧邻且面对所述第四单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分；且
所述第四单向麦克风匣的后端口紧邻且面对所述第一单向麦克风匣的侧的至少一部分。
30.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中所述第一单向麦克风匣、第二单向麦克风匣、第三单向麦克风匣及第四单向麦克风匣中的每一者的所述中心轴彼此垂直。
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TWI644572B (zh) 2018-12-11
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CN107743711A (zh) 2018-02-27
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