KR980700798A - 구리 코팅(copper coating) - Google Patents
구리 코팅(copper coating)Info
- Publication number
- KR980700798A KR980700798A KR1019970703954A KR19970703954A KR980700798A KR 980700798 A KR980700798 A KR 980700798A KR 1019970703954 A KR1019970703954 A KR 1019970703954A KR 19970703954 A KR19970703954 A KR 19970703954A KR 980700798 A KR980700798 A KR 980700798A
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- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
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- composition
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- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
- C23C22/16—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations containing also peroxy-compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/38—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
- C23C22/52—Treatment of copper or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
- C23F1/10—Etching compositions
- C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
- C23F1/16—Acidic compositions
- C23F1/18—Acidic compositions for etching copper or alloys thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/38—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal
- H05K3/382—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal by special treatment of the metal
- H05K3/383—Improvement of the adhesion between the insulating substrate and the metal by special treatment of the metal by microetching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0355—Metal foils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0779—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing characterised by the specific liquids involved
- H05K2203/0786—Using an aqueous solution, e.g. for cleaning or during drilling of holes
- H05K2203/0796—Oxidant in aqueous solution, e.g. permanganate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/12—Using specific substances
- H05K2203/122—Organic non-polymeric compounds, e.g. oil, wax, thiol
- H05K2203/124—Heterocyclic organic compounds, e.g. azole, furan
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4611—Manufacturing multilayer circuits by laminating two or more circuit boards
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Abstract
일반적으로 구리인 금속 표면을 과산화수소, 무기산, 트리아졸, 테트라졸 또는 이미다졸 등의 부식 억제제 및 사차 암모늄 표면활성제를 포함하는 접착성 증진 조성물을 사용함으로서 중합 물질의 접착력을 향상시키기 위해 미세하게 거칠게(micro-roughened)한다.
Description
본 내용은 요부공개 건이므로 전문내용을 수록하지 않았음
제1 도는 접착성 증진 처리없이 구리 호일상에 만들어진 표면의 형태를 나타낸다.
Claims (23)
- 접착성 증진 단계에서 미세하게 거친 변환 코팅면(a micro-roughened con -version-coated surface)을 형성하기 위해서 금속 표면을 과산화수소 0.1 내지 20중량% 무기산, 유기 부식 억제제 및 표면 활성제를 포함하는 접착성 증진 조성물과 접촉시키는 것을 포함하는 금속 표면을 처리하는 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 금속은 구리 또는 구리 합금, 바림직하게는 구리, 더 바람직하게는 드럼 처리 구리호일인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 과산화수소가 접착성 증진 조성물내에 과산화수소 1.0 중량% 내지 4.0 중량%의 농도로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 3 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 무기산은 인산, 질산, 황산 또는 그 혼합물, 바람직하게는 황산인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 4 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 조성물내에서 산의 농도는 1내지 50%, 바람직하게는 9 내지 20%의 범위내에 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 부식 억제제는 트리아졸, 테트라졸(tetrazole) 및/또는 이미다졸, 바람직하게는 트리아졸, 가장 바람직하게는 벤조-트리아졸인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 부식 억제제가 상기 접착성 증진 조성물내에 상기 접착성 증진 조성물 총중량의 적어도 0.0001 중량%, 바람직하게는 적어도 0.0005%, 더 바람직하게는 적어도 0.1%이고 많아야 20 줄량%이고 바람직하게는 많아야 10 중량%, 더욱 바람직하게는 5% 까지이고 가장 바람직하게는 1%까지의 양으로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 7 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 표면활성제는 양이온성 표면활성제, 바람직하게는 4차 암모늄 표면활성제인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상기 4차 암모늄 표면활성제는 에톡실레이트 페티 아민(an ethoxylated fatty amine)이고, 바람직하게는 이소데실옥시프로필 디히드록시에틸 메틸 암모늄 클로리드 및 이소트리데실옥시프로필 디히드록시 에틸 메틸 암모늄 클로리드로 부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 9 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 표면활성제는 상기 조성물내에 적어도 0.1 중량%, 바람직하게는 적어도 0.5 중량%이고 많아야 5%, 바람직하게는 많아야 3%이고 가장 바람직하게는 많아야 2.5중량%의 양으로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법
- 제 1 항 내지 제 10 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 상기 금속 표면은 어떠한 전처리 없이 상기 접착성 증진 조성물과 접촉하는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 11 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 75℃까지의 온도에서, 바람직하게는 15내지 35℃, 가장 바람직하게는 20내지 30℃의 범위에서 수행되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 12 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 접촉시간은 10초 내지 10분의 범위, 바람직하게는 30초 내지 2분의 범위내인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 13 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 중합 물질은 그 이후에 바람직하게 상기 접착성 증진 단계와 상기 중합 물질의 접착 단계 사이에 아무런 단계 없이, 또는 단일 린스 및/또는 건조 단계에 따라, 상기 미세하게 거친 변환 코팅 표면에 접착되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 14 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 적어도 하나의 절연층과 적어도 하나의 도전층을 포함하는 내부층 및 적어도 절연층(a insulating layer)을 포함하는 외부층을 포함하고 처리되는 상기 금속 표면이 도전층인 다층 PCB를 형성하기 위한 방법.
- 제 15 항에 있어서, 접착성 증진 단계후에, 프리-프레그층은 상기 도전층에 직접 인접하게 놓여지고 상기 두층은 상기 접착 단계에서 서로 접착되는 것을 특징으로 하는 다층 PCB를 형성하기 위한 방법.
- 과산화수소 0.1 내지 20.0 중량% 무기산, 유기 부식 억제제 0.5 내지 2.5중량% 및 양이온 표면활성제를 포함하는 접착성 증진 조성물.
- 제 17 항에 있어서, 과산화수소의 농도는 1 내지 4중량%범위내인 것을 특징으로 하는 조성물.
- 제 17 항 또는 제 18 항에 있어서, 상기 표면활성제는 4차 암모늄 표면활성제, 바람직하게는 에톡실레이트 페티 아민(an ethoxylated fatty amine), 더 바람직하게는 이소데실옥시프로필 디히도록시에틸 메틸 암모늄 클로리드와 이소트리데실옥시프로필 디히드록시에틸 메틸 암모늄 클로리드로부터 선택된 것이고, 상기 표면활성제는 상기 조성물내에 적어도 0.001 중량%, 바람직하게는 적어도 0.005 중량%또는 심지어 0.01중량%초과, 그리고 많아야 5%, 바람직하게는 많아야 3% 및 바람직하게는 많아야 2.5중량%의 양으로 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 조성물.
- 제 17 항 내지 제 19 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 부식 억제제는 트리아졸, 테트라졸 및/또는 이미다졸을 0.0005중량% 내지 10중량% 범위내의 농도로 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 조성물.
- 제 17 항 내지 20 항중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 과산화수소를 위한 안정화제를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 조성물.
- 제21항에 있어서, 상기 안정화제는 술폰산, 알코올, 지방족 아민과 그의 염 알콕시 아민, 지방족 산아민(aliphatic acid amines) 및 지방족 이민으로부터 선택되는 것을 특징으로 하는 조성물.
- 제21항 또는 22항에 있어서, 상기 산은 황산인 것을 특징으로 하는 조성물.※ 참고사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9425090.9 | 1994-12-12 | ||
GBGB9425090.9A GB9425090D0 (en) | 1994-12-12 | 1994-12-12 | Copper coating |
PCT/GB1995/002909 WO1996019097A1 (en) | 1994-12-12 | 1995-12-12 | Copper coating |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR980700798A true KR980700798A (ko) | 1998-03-30 |
KR100459104B1 KR100459104B1 (ko) | 2005-06-13 |
Family
ID=10765838
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019970703954A KR100459104B1 (ko) | 1994-12-12 | 1995-12-12 | 구리코팅 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5800859A (ko) |
EP (2) | EP0797909B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2740768B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100459104B1 (ko) |
CN (2) | CN1106135C (ko) |
AT (2) | ATE319282T1 (ko) |
AU (1) | AU4183596A (ko) |
DE (3) | DE69534804T2 (ko) |
DK (1) | DK0797909T3 (ko) |
ES (1) | ES2150019T3 (ko) |
FI (1) | FI972472A (ko) |
GB (1) | GB9425090D0 (ko) |
HK (1) | HK1002891A1 (ko) |
IN (1) | IN186543B (ko) |
MY (1) | MY118585A (ko) |
TW (1) | TW323305B (ko) |
WO (1) | WO1996019097A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (126)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW374802B (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1999-11-21 | Ebara Densan Ltd | Etching composition, method for roughening copper surface and method for producing printed wiring board |
AU6268198A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-25 | James M. Taylor | Composition and method for priming substrate materials |
US5958147A (en) * | 1997-05-05 | 1999-09-28 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Method of treating a metal |
US6146701A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2000-11-14 | Macdermid, Incorporated | Process for improving the adhension of polymeric materials to metal surfaces |
US6020029A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2000-02-01 | Macdermid, Incorporated | Process for treating metal surfaces |
US5869130A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 1999-02-09 | Mac Dermid, Incorporated | Process for improving the adhesion of polymeric materials to metal surfaces |
US6162503A (en) * | 1997-06-12 | 2000-12-19 | Macdermid, Incorporated | Process for improving the adhesion of polymeric materials to metal surfaces |
JPH1129883A (ja) * | 1997-07-08 | 1999-02-02 | Mec Kk | 銅および銅合金のマイクロエッチング剤 |
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JPH05127819A (ja) * | 1991-10-31 | 1993-05-25 | Nec Corp | ストロークコマンド支援方式 |
JPH06112646A (ja) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-04-22 | Metsuku Kk | 銅または銅合金表面の処理方法 |
US5376387A (en) * | 1993-07-16 | 1994-12-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Hydrogen peroxide composition |
JP2781954B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-04 | 1998-07-30 | メック株式会社 | 銅および銅合金の表面処理剤 |
-
1994
- 1994-12-12 GB GBGB9425090.9A patent/GB9425090D0/en active Pending
-
1995
- 1995-12-11 US US08/570,442 patent/US5800859A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-12 DE DE69534804T patent/DE69534804T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-12 AT AT00100011T patent/ATE319282T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-12 IN IN1625CA1995 patent/IN186543B/en unknown
- 1995-12-12 DE DE69518166T patent/DE69518166T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1995-12-12 AU AU41835/96A patent/AU4183596A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-12 AT AT95940366T patent/ATE195052T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-12 DE DE0797909T patent/DE797909T1/de active Pending
- 1995-12-12 KR KR1019970703954A patent/KR100459104B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-12-12 CN CN95197600A patent/CN1106135C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-12 WO PCT/GB1995/002909 patent/WO1996019097A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-12-12 EP EP95940366A patent/EP0797909B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-12-12 JP JP7349398A patent/JP2740768B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-12 MY MYPI95003829A patent/MY118585A/en unknown
- 1995-12-12 EP EP00100011A patent/EP0993241B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-12-12 DK DK95940366T patent/DK0797909T3/da active
- 1995-12-12 ES ES95940366T patent/ES2150019T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-02-26 TW TW085102176A patent/TW323305B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1997
- 1997-06-11 FI FI972472A patent/FI972472A/fi unknown
-
1998
- 1998-03-10 HK HK98101988A patent/HK1002891A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-08-05 CN CNB021277788A patent/CN1255492C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE319282T1 (de) | 2006-03-15 |
EP0797909A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 |
CN1255492C (zh) | 2006-05-10 |
MY118585A (en) | 2004-12-31 |
CN1175344A (zh) | 1998-03-04 |
JP2740768B2 (ja) | 1998-04-15 |
TW323305B (ko) | 1997-12-21 |
DE69518166T2 (de) | 2001-03-15 |
JPH08335763A (ja) | 1996-12-17 |
IN186543B (ko) | 2001-09-29 |
FI972472A (fi) | 1997-08-11 |
KR100459104B1 (ko) | 2005-06-13 |
FI972472A0 (fi) | 1997-06-11 |
GB9425090D0 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
EP0797909B1 (en) | 2000-07-26 |
DE69518166D1 (de) | 2000-08-31 |
ATE195052T1 (de) | 2000-08-15 |
CN1422924A (zh) | 2003-06-11 |
DE797909T1 (de) | 1998-03-05 |
CN1106135C (zh) | 2003-04-16 |
ES2150019T3 (es) | 2000-11-16 |
DE69534804D1 (de) | 2006-04-27 |
US5800859A (en) | 1998-09-01 |
EP0993241A1 (en) | 2000-04-12 |
WO1996019097A1 (en) | 1996-06-20 |
EP0993241B1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
DK0797909T3 (da) | 2000-12-18 |
HK1002891A1 (en) | 1998-09-25 |
AU4183596A (en) | 1996-07-03 |
DE69534804T2 (de) | 2006-11-02 |
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