JP5596054B2 - 手術用はさみ - Google Patents

手術用はさみ Download PDF

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JP5596054B2
JP5596054B2 JP2011548366A JP2011548366A JP5596054B2 JP 5596054 B2 JP5596054 B2 JP 5596054B2 JP 2011548366 A JP2011548366 A JP 2011548366A JP 2011548366 A JP2011548366 A JP 2011548366A JP 5596054 B2 JP5596054 B2 JP 5596054B2
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スパイビー・ジェイムズ・ティ
ワシュバーン・トーマス・ティー
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • A61B17/320016Endoscopic cutting instruments, e.g. arthroscopes, resectoscopes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/00292Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
    • A61B2017/0034Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means adapted to be inserted through a working channel of an endoscope
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00526Methods of manufacturing
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2933Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
    • A61B2017/2936Pins in guiding slots
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

種々の実施形態は、手術用はさみ装置、並びに手術用はさみ装置の製造及び使用方法を対象とする。
最小侵襲性処置は、従来の切開医療処置よりも苦痛を軽減しより迅速な回復時間を可能にするので望ましい。多くの最小侵襲性処置は、内視鏡(限定なしに腹腔鏡を含む)により行なわれる。そのような処置により、医者は、患者の身体の小さいアクセス開口を介して患者内部に医療機器及び付属品を位置決めし、操作し、見ることができる。腹腔鏡手術(Laparoscopy)は、内視鏡(多くの場合、剛性腹腔鏡)を使用するような「内視鏡手術」手法を説明するために使用される用語である。このタイプの処置では、付属装置が、体壁を貫通するトロカールを介して患者内に挿入されることが多い。更に、あまり侵襲性でない治療には、内視鏡を自然の身体開口部を介して治療領域に挿入することにより行なわれるものがある。この手法の例には、膀胱鏡検査、子宮鏡検査、消化管内視鏡検査、及び結腸内視鏡検査があるが、これらに限定されない。
これらの処置の多くは、処置の際にフレキシブル内視鏡を使用する。フレキシブル内視鏡は、多くの場合、遠位端の近くに、臨床医が近位端で制御機構を利用して制御することができる柔軟で操縦可能な関節部分を有する。幾つかのフレキシブル内視鏡は、比較的細く(直径1mm〜3mm)、また一体型付属チャネル(生検チャネル又はワーキングチャネルと呼ばれる)を有さないことがある。胃カメラと結腸内視鏡を含む他のフレキシブル内視鏡は、患者内の診断又は治療を行なうための医療機器や他の付属装置を導入し取り出すために、約2.0〜3.7mmの直径を有する一体型ワーキングチャネルを有する。直径5mmのワーキングチャネルを有する大型ワーキングチャネル内視鏡のような、比較的大きい付属品を通すこと又は大きい血栓を吸引する機能を提供するために使用することができる幾つかの専用内視鏡が入手可能である。他の専用内視鏡には、2つ以上のワーキングチャネルを有するものを含む。
様々な実施形態の新規特徴は、特許請求の範囲で詳細に示される。ただし、構成及び操作方法の両方に関する様々な実施形態は、それらの利点と共に、以下の説明を以下の添付図面と併せて参照すれば最もよく理解することができる。
患者の上部消化管に挿入された内視鏡の一実施形態。 本明細書に記載されたはさみ装置と共に使用されることがある図1の内視鏡の遠位部分の一実施形態。 図1の内視鏡と共に使用されることがあるはさみ装置の一実施形態。 図3のはさみ装置のエンドエフェクタの一実施形態。 図3のはさみ装置のハンドルの一実施形態。 ハンドル本体が示されていない図5のハンドルの一実施形態。 図5のハンドルの一実施形態の断面。 図5のハンドルからのスライダ機構の一実施形態。 カム作動式ブレードを有する、図3のはさみ装置の一実施形態のエンドエフェクタ及びフレキシブル・シャフトの分解図。 図9のエンドエフェクタと共に使用されるシャトルの一実施形態。 カット・ハイポチューブを含むフレキシブル・シャフトを備えた図3のはさみ装置の一実施形態。 図11に示された閉位置から図14に示された開位置まで移行する図4のエンドエフェクタの一実施形態。 図11に示された閉位置から図14に示された開位置まで移行する図4のエンドエフェクタの一実施形態。 図11に示された閉位置から図14に示された開位置まで移行する図4のエンドエフェクタの一実施形態。 図11に示された閉位置から図14に示された開位置まで移行する図4のエンドエフェクタの一実施形態。 リンク作動式エンドエフェクタを備えた図3のはさみ装置の代替実施形態。 図1のはさみ装置のブレード部材を組み立てる工程の一実施形態を図示するフローチャート。 図1のはさみ装置のブレード部材の組み立てに使用されるクランプ組立体の一実施形態。 ブレード部材が圧縮力を受けた状態の図17のクランプ組立体の一実施形態。 図17のクランプ組立体のクランプ部材の一実施形態。 代替クランプ部材を有する図17のクランプ組立体の別の実施形態。 図20の代替クランプ部材の一実施形態。 レバークランプ機構を備えた図17のクランプ組立体の一実施形態。 油圧又は空気圧クランプ機構を備えた図27のクランプ組立体の別の実施形態。
種々の実施形態は、手術用はさみ装置を対象とする。手術用はさみ装置は、例えば、内視鏡のワーキングチャネルを介して配備される。本明細書に記載された手術用はさみ装置は、性能を高めるための様々な特徴を有してもよい。例えば、様々な実施形態は、留め具によって互いに対して圧縮状態で保持されたブレード部材を有してもよい。留め具は、使用中にブレード部材を一緒に保持し、かつはさみブレード間で組織が滑るのを防ぐ又は最小にすることがある。また、様々な実施形態では、はさみ装置のブレード部材は、カムで作動されてもよい。これにより、機械効率を高めることができ、臨床医は、ブレード部材をより容易に開閉することができる。
本明細書に記載された種々の他の実施形態は、手術用はさみを構成する方法及び装置を対象とする。例えば、幾つかの実施形態によれば、第1及び第2のブレード部材に圧縮力が印加され、それらは押し合わされる。圧縮力が印加されている間、ブレード部材を結合するために留め具が取り付けられてもよい。次に、圧縮力が解放されてもよい。留め具は、ブレード部材を互いに圧縮状態で維持する働きをしてもよい。圧縮力は、例えば、本明細書に記載されているような、第1のクランプ部材、第2のクランプ部材及びクランプ機構を有するクランプを含む任意の適切な機構によって印加されてもよい。クランプ部材の1つ以上が、一方又は両方のブレード部材を収容するように形成された空所を画定してもよい。これは、圧縮力が印加されている間、ブレード部材を固定することがある。
本明細書に記載された手術用はさみ装置の種々の実施形態は、内視鏡手術環境で使用されてもよい。図1は、患者の上部消化管に挿入された内視鏡14(この図では胃カメラとして示された)の一実施形態を図示する。内視鏡14は、様々な光学チャネル、照明チャネル、及びワーキングチャネルを含んでもよい遠位端16を有する。様々な実施形態によれば、内視鏡14は、フレキシブル内視鏡でよく、自然開口を介して導入されてもよい。
一実施形態では、自然開口部越経管腔的内視鏡手術(NOTES)(商標)技術は、内視鏡14と様々な器具(例えば、本明細書に記載された手術用はさみ装置)を患者内に導入し、本明細書に記載された様々な処置を行なうために使用されてもよい。NOTES(商標)技術は、腹部を切開せずに患者の自然開口部から病変組織を治療するか又は他の治療手術を行なうために使用されることがある最小侵襲性治療手段である。自然開口部は、口、肛門、及び/又は膣でよい。医療用移植器具が、自然開口部を介して患者のターゲット領域に導入されてもよい。NOTES(商標)技術において、臨床医は、フレキシブル内視鏡を患者の1つ以上の自然開口部に挿入して、例えばカメラを使用してターゲット領域を見る。内視鏡手術の際、臨床医は、手術装置を内視鏡14の1つ以上のルーメン又はワーキングチャネルを介して、様々な重要な外科的活動(KSA)を行なう。そのようなKSAには、臓器間の吻合の形成、切開の実行、潰瘍や他の傷の治療がある。本明細書に記載された装置及び方法は、NOTES(商標)技術と共に使用されてもよいが、それらは、例えば他の内視鏡検査技術と腹腔鏡技術を含む他の外科技術と共に使用されてもよいことが理解されよう。
図2は、本明細書に記載されたはさみ装置と共に使用されてもよい内視鏡14の遠位部分16の一実施形態を図示する。示される例示的な内視鏡14は、遠位面4を有し、この遠位面4は、照明チャネル8、光学チャネル6及びワーキングチャネル10の遠位端を画定する。照明チャネル8は、近位に配置された光源(図示せず)から手術部位まで光を導くための1つ以上の光ファイバ又は他の適切な導波路を含んでもよい。光学チャネル6は、手術部位の画像を受け取り、内視鏡14を操作する臨床医がその画像を見ることができる位置まで近位方向に送るための1つ以上の光ファイバ又は他の適切な導波路を含むことができる。前述のように、ワーキングチャネル10は、臨床医が1つ以上の手術道具を手術部位に導入することを可能にすることができる。そのような手術道具の例には、はさみ、電気メス、縫合装置及びはさみ装置がある。内視鏡14が、様々な実施形態にしたがって使用されることがある内視鏡の一例に過ぎないことが理解されよう。また、光学チャネル6、照明チャネル8及び/又はワーキングチャネル10の代替構成を有する内視鏡が使用されてもよい。
図3は、例えば内視鏡14などの内視鏡と共に使用されることがあるはさみ装置100の一実施形態を図示する。はさみ装置100は、ハンドル組立体102、フレキシブル・シャフト104及びエンドエフェクタ106を含んでもよい。エンドエフェクタ106は、第1のブレード部材108と第2のブレード部材110を有してもよい。第1のブレード部材108と第2のブレード部材110は、クレビス(clevis)112に接続されてもよく、クレビス112は同様に、フレキシブル・シャフト104に結合されてもよい。図4は、はさみ装置100のエンドエフェクタ106の一実施形態を図示する。ブレード部材108、110は、それぞれのブレード端150、152及びカム端206、208を有してもよい。ブレード部材は、開位置でブレード端150、152が互いに重なるように構成されてもよい。幾つかの例示的な実施形態では、この重なりは、約0.127mm(0.005インチ)〜0.152mm(0.006インチ)であってよい。ブレード部材108、110は、ブレード部材108、110を互いに固定するか又はクレビス112のアーム111と115との間でブレード部材108、110を固定するピン又は他のコネクタを備えてもよい枢動点130のまわりに枢動してもよく、クレビス112は、ブレード部材108、110を結合してもよい。クレビスのそれぞれのアーム111、115はそれぞれ、枢動点130と位置が合い留め具を収容することがあるピン穴を画定してもよい。シャトル122は、例えば本明細書で後述されるように、それぞれのブレード部材108、110の1つ以上のカムスロット210、212に収容された1つ以上のピン特徴形状214を含んでもよい。シャトル122は、並進部材116に結合されてもよく、並進部材116は、フレキシブル・シャフト104を介してハンドル102まで近位方向に延在してもよい。
図3を参照すると、並進部材116は、フレキシブル・シャフト104内でエンドエフェクタ106からハンドル102まで延在してもよい。並進部材116は、任意の適切な材料から作成されてもよい。例えば、並進部材116は、金属線(例えば、三層スチールケーブルなどの多層スチールケーブル)、プラスチック又は金属シャフトであってよい。様々な実施形態によれば、並進部材は、らせん状に切断されるか又は別の方法でスロットが付けられたハイポチューブ(例えば、柔軟性を提供するか又は高めるためにスロットを備えた円筒状物体)を含んでもよい。例えば、図4では、並進部材116は、カット・ハイポチューブを含むように図示されている。ハンドル102で、フレキシブル・シャフト104は、アクチュエータ113に直接に又は間接に結合されてもよい。使用する際、臨床医は、アクチュエータ113を矢印118に沿って第1の位置から第2の位置まで枢動させてもよい。アクチュエータ113が、第1の位置から第2の位置まで動くとき、アクチュエータ113は、並進部材116を遠位方向又は近位方向に並進させることがある。並進部材116の遠位方向又は近位方向の動きは、エンドエフェクタ106を開位置から閉位置に移行させることがある。エンドエフェクタ106を開位置から閉位置に繰り返し移行させることは、組織又は他の材料の切断に影響を及ぼす場合がある。
図5は、はさみ装置100のハンドル102の一実施形態を図示する。アクチュエータ113は、示されるような矢印118に沿って、枢動点502のまわりで枢動してもよい。枢動点502は、アクチュエータをハンドル本体508に固定するピンや他のコネクタを有してもよい。ハンドル本体508は、示されるようにアクチュエータ113と向い合わせにグリップ501を画定してもよい。一例の使用において、臨床医が、1本以上の指をグリップ501に入れ、臨床医が、親指でアクチュエータ113を操作することが可能になる。様々な実施形態によれば、アクチュエータ113は、ロック空所506内に確実に収容されるように構成されたロック要素504を有することができる。ロック要素504と空所506は、臨床医が、アクチュエータ113と、したがってエンドエフェクタ106を、所定の位置に固定することを可能にすることができる。
図6は、図示されていないハンドル本体508を有するハンドル102の一実施形態を図示する。アクチュエータ113は、1対のアーム510がスロット516を画定している状態で示される。アーム510は、アクチュエータをスライダ機構512に摺動式に結合するピン518を収容する。図7は、ハンドル102の一実施形態の断面を図示する。図8は、スライダ機構512の一実施形態を図示する。並進部材116は、ハンドル本体508の遠位部分に収容され、スライダ機構512まで近位方向に延在する。スライダ機構512内で、並進部材116は、1対のばねホルダ524、526とカラー520によって受容されてもよい。カラー528から、並進部材116は、回転つまみ114まで近位方向に延在してもよい。並進部材116は、並進部材116がカラー520に対して遠位方向と近位方向に並進できないようにカラー520に確実に固定されてもよい。
使用する際、臨床医は、アクチュエータ113をグリップ501の方に動かして並進部材116を近位方向に押し進めてもよい。その結果生じた枢動点502のまわりのアクチュエータ113の回転により、スライダ機構512が、ハンドル本体508によって画定された空所522内で近位方向に引っ張られてもよい。これはまた、カラー520と並進部材116を近位方向に引っ張ってもよい。ばね528は、スライダ機構512と、したがって並進部材116の動きに抗してもよい。並進部材116を遠位方向に移動させるために、臨床医は、アクチュエータ113を枢動点502のまわりにグリップ501から離れるように枢動してもよい。これにより、スライダ機構512と、したがって並進部材116が遠位方向に押し進められてもよい。
図9は、カム作動式ブレード部材を有するはさみ装置100の一実施形態のエンドエフェクタ106とフレキシブル・シャフト104の分解図を図示する。図示されるように、ブレード部材108、110は、近位カム端206、208を含む。カム端206、208はそれぞれ、それぞれのカムスロット210、212を画定する。シャトル122は、カムスロット210、212に入る1つ以上のピン特徴形状214を有してもよい。例えば、シャトル122は、両面に貫通する単一のピン特徴形状214を含んでもよく、それぞれの側に個別のピン特徴形状214を含んでもよい。様々な実施形態によれば、ピン特徴形状214は、また、クレビス112によって画定されるスロット216から突出してもよい。
図9Aは、シャトル122の一実施形態を図示する。使用する際、シャトル122は、並進部材116に結合されてもよい。図示されるように、シャトル122は、ピン特徴形状(単数又は複数)214を受容するための穴904を画定する2つのアーム部材902を有してもよい。ブレード部材108、110のカム端206、208は、アーム部材902の間に受容されてもよい。くさび特徴形状906は、シャトル122の近位部分に位置決めされもよく、またシャトル122がその遠位端にあるときにブレード部材108、110のカム端206、208を押し込んで互いから離す働きをしてもよい。図9を参照すると、並進部材116の遠位方向の動きは、シャトル122の対応する遠位方向の動きを引き起こすことがあり、この動きは同様に、ピン特徴形状214をカムスロット210、212内で強制的に摺動させ、ブレード部材108、110を強制的に開位置にしてもよい。ある実施形態では、シャトルのくさび特徴形状906は、カム端206、208を強制的に互いから遠ざけることによってブレード部材108、110を開く追加の力を提供してもよい。
様々な実施形態によれば、エンドエフェクタ106は、フレキシブル・シャフト104に回転可能に結合されてもよい。例えば、外側カプラ126がフレキシブル・シャフト104に固定されてもよい。内側カプラ124が、外側カプラ126及びフレキシブル・シャフト104に対して回転できるように、内側カプラ124が、外側カプラ126内に固定されてもよい。内側カプラ124は、クレビス112(及び、したがってエンドエフェクタ106)に結合されてもよい。したがって、エンドエフェクタ106は、内側カプラ124と共に、外側カプラ126とフレキシブル・シャフト104のまわりに回転可能であってもよい。前述のように、並進部材116は、例えばシャトル122を介してエンドエフェクタ106に結合されてもよい。臨床医は、並進部材116を回転させることによってエンドエフェクタ106を回転させてもよい。例えば、図5〜7を参照すると、ハンドル102は、臨床医が並進部材116を回転させることを可能にするつまみ114や他の制御装置を含んでもよい。
フレキシブル・シャフト104は、任意の適切な材料及び/又は装置から作成されてもよい。様々な実施形態では、フレキシブル・シャフト104は、アクチュエータ113を介して臨床医によって提供される開閉力の著しい損失を防ぐために、柔軟でかつ張力と圧縮力に耐えることができる材料又は装置から作成されてもよい。例えば、アクチュエータ118が、並進部材116を遠位方向に動かすとき、フレキシブル・シャフト104は、圧縮状態にされることがある。アクチュエータ118が、並進部材116を近位方向に動かすとき、フレキシブル・シャフト104は、引張状態に置かれることがある。フレキシブル・シャフト104の過度の圧縮又は引張は、最終的にエンドエフェクタ106を開閉するために提供される力を減衰させることがある。
様々な実施形態では、図9に図示されるように、フレキシブル・シャフトは、コイルパイプ128を含んでもよい。コイルパイプ128は、円筒状コイルに形成される材料のワイヤ又は狭いリボンから作成されてもよい。巻かれた状態のコイルパイプ128は、圧縮状態で良好に動作することができる。しかしながら、引張状態で、コイルパイプ128は伸張しやすく、それによりエンドエフェクタ106に印加される力が減衰することがある。この減衰は、事前負荷が大きい状態でコイルパイプ128を選択することによって最小にされてもよい。これにより、コイルパイプ128は、比較的堅くかつ曲げ難くなるが、引張状態で性能が改善されることもある。図10は、コイルパイプ128の代わりにカット・ハイポチューブ1002を含むフレキシブル・シャフト104を備えたはさみ装置100の別の実施形態を図示する。カット・ハイポチューブ1002は、複数の切れ目又は切欠き特徴形状1004を備えた円筒状体の材料(例えば、手術用鋼又は他の金属)であってよい。その切れ目は、ハイポチューブ1002が曲がることを可能にすることができる。ハイポチューブ1002が、切れ目で曲がることがあるので、ハイポチューブ1002の所定部分の切れ目の空間周波数が、その部分の柔軟性を決定することがある。切れ目の空間周波数が高いほど柔軟性が高くなってもよい。ハイポチューブ1002は、通常の動作条件下で伸張するように構成されていないので、コイルパイプ128より高い引張性能を提供することがある。
図11〜14は、図11に示される閉位置から図14に示される開位置に移行するエンドエフェクタ106の一実施形態を図示する。図11を参照すると、エンドエフェクタ106は、閉位置で示される。ブレード部材108、110は、閉じて重なった位置で図示される。シャトル122は、並進部材116に近位位置で結合されて示される。例えば、アクチュエータ113を操作する臨床医は、フレキシブル・シャフト104を介して並進部材116を近位方向に並進させることがあった。これにより、同様にシャトル122は、示される近位位置になることがある。シャトル122が近位位置にあるとき、ピン214は、ブレード部材108、110が閉位置になるようにスロット210、212内に位置決めされてもよい。
図12及び13は、閉位置から開位置に移行するエンドエフェクタ106の一実施形態を図示する。並進部材116とシャトル122が遠位方向に押されるとき、ピン214も、カムスロット210、212内で遠位方向に動いてもよい。カムスロット210、212が湾曲しているので、これにより、ブレード部材108、110が開位置に強制されることがある。図14では、エンドエフェクタ106は、シャトル122がその完全遠位位置にあり、ブレード部材108、110がその完全開位置にある状態で示される。カムスロット210、212のプロファイル(例えば、形状)は、機械効率をもたらし、エンドエフェクタ106を開閉するのに必要な力を小さくすることが理解されよう。例えば、浅いプロファイルを備えたカムスロット210、212を構成すると、アクチュエータ113とエンドエフェクタ106との間の機械効率が低下することがある。これにより、同様にエンドエフェクタ106を開くのに必要なアクチュエータ113の動きが最小になるが、必要な力が最大になることがある。同様に、より湾曲したプロファイルを備えたカムスロット210、212を構成すると、アクチュエータ113とエンドエフェクタ106との間の機械効率が増大することがある。これにより、臨床医がアクチュエータ113に印加しなければならない力が小さくなるが、必要な動きが大きくなることがある。
図15は、リンク作動式エンドエフェクタ1500を有するはさみ装置100の別の実施形態を図示する。エンドエフェクタ1500は、1対のブレード部材1502、1504を含んでもよい。並進部材116に、シャトル122と同じように、シャトル1508が結合されてもよい。それぞれのブレード部材1502、1504が、リンク1510、1512を介してシャトル1508と結合されてもよい。図15に示されるように、シャトル1508が遠位方向に押されたとき、リンク1510、1512は、ブレード部材1502、1504を開位置に押すことがある。シャトル1508が、近位方向(例えば、並進部材116を介して)に引っ張られるとき、ブレード部材1502、1504は、閉位置に引っ張られることがある。
図16は、はさみ装置100のブレード部材108、110を組み立てるための工程1600の一実施形態を図示する流れ図である。最初に、ブレード部材108、110及びクレビス112が、組み立てのために位置合わせされてもよい(1602)。例えば、ブレード部材108、110は、クレビス112のアーム111と115との間に配置される。様々な実施形態によれば、ブレード部材108、110及びクレビス112は、クランプ組立体に組み込むことによって位置合わせされてもよい(1602)。図17は、ブレード部材108、110及びクレビス112が位置合わせされることがあるクランプ組立体1700の一実施形態を図示する。クランプ組立体1700は、第1のクランプ部材1702及び第2のクランプ部材1704を含んでもよい。クランプ部材1702、1704は、任意の適切な種類の締付け機構に結合されてもよい。例えば、図17に示される実施形態では、締付け機構は、ねじを締めることによってクランプ部材1702、1704が強制的に互いに近づくように、クランプ部材1702、1704に結合され得るねじ1706を含む。図示されるように、クランプ部材1704は、ブレード部材108、110を受容するように形成された空所1708を画定する。空所1708は、ブレード部材108、110を位置合わせする働きをすることがある。様々な実施形態によれば、クランプ部材1702は、空所1708を大きくし及び/又は置き換えることができる対応する空所(図示せず)を有してもよい。
流れ図1600を再び参照すると、ブレード部材108、110及びクレビス112に圧縮力が印加されてもよい(1604)。例えば、図17を参照すると、ねじ1706が回転され、クランプ部材1704がクランプ部材1702の方に押されて圧縮力が印加されてもよい。図18は、ブレード部材108、110及びクレビス112が圧縮力下にあるクランプ組立体1700の一実施形態を図示する。再び図16を参照すると、圧縮力を維持している間に留め具がブレード部材108、110及びクレビス112に適用されてもよい(1606)。留め具は、例えば、枢動点130に適用されてもよい(1606)(図4を参照)。留め具は、任意の適切な留め具タイプであってよい。例えば、留め具は、リベット又はねじであってよい。様々な実施形態では、留め具は、枢動点でブレード部材108、110及び/又はクレビス112に溶接されたピンを含んでもよい。例えば、ピン(図示せず)は、レーザ溶接されてもよい。クランプ部材1702、1704の一方又は両方は、留め具を取り付けるために枢動点130へのアクセスを可能にするように構成されてもよい。例えば、クランプ部材1702は、ブレード部材108、110の枢動点130が配置された箇所の上にアクセス開口1710を画定する。図17に示される実施形態では、アクセス開口1710は、クランプ部材1702の切欠きの形態をとる。切欠き1710は、使用中に枢動点130までにアクセスしやすくするために、図示されるような斜めの縁1711を有してもよい。圧縮力は、解放されてもよい(1608)。圧縮力が解放されたとき(1608)、留め具は、圧縮状態でブレード部材108、110を維持する働きをしてもよい。ブレード部材108、110は、相互に留め具を引張状態で維持してもよい。
図18を再び参照すると、クランプ組立体1700は、1つ以上のガイドピン1712を含んでもよい。第1のクランプ部材1702は、クランプ組立体1700が開閉されたときにガイドピン1712に沿って摺動してもよい。任意選択の止めねじ1707は、クランプ部材1702、1704を安定化する働きをしてもよい。図19は、クランプ部材1702の一実施形態を図示する。図示されるように、クランプ部材1702は、ブレード部材108、110の一方又は両方を受容するための空所1714を含んでもよい。ガイド穴1716は、ガイドピン1712を受容してもよい。止めねじ穴1720は、止めねじ1707を受容してもよい。ねじ穴1718は、ねじ1706を受容してもよい。クランプ部材1704によって対応する穴(図示せず)が画定されてもよい。したがって、ねじ1706を回すと、クランプ部材1702がクランプ部材1704の方に押されることがある。
図20は、代替クランプ部材1702’を含むクランプ組立体1700の別の実施形態を図示する。クランプ部材1702’は、クランプ部材1702より短くてもよい。これにより、クランプ部材1702’は、クランプ組立体1702より多く空所1708を露出することができる。次に、これにより、クランプ部材1702’は、より小さいアクセス開口又は切欠き2002を有することができる。図21は、代替クランプ部材1702’の一実施形態を図示する。クランプ部材1702’は、ガイド穴1716、止めねじ穴1720、及びクランプ部材1702と同じようにねじ穴1718を含んでもよい。しかしながら、図示されるように、クランプ部材1702’には、ブレード部材108、110の全て又は一部分を受容するための空所がなくてもよい。クランプ組立体1700が、手動で又は自動で操作されてもよいことが理解されよう。例えば、組立者は、ねじ1706を手で回すことによってクランプを作動させてもよい。また、ある実施形態では、ねじ1706は、電動機や他の原動機(図示せず)によって作動されてもよい。
上記のクランプ組立体1700のクランプ機構は、ねじ1706を含む。他の適切な手動又は自動クランプ機構が使用されてもよいことが理解されよう。例えば、図22は、レバークランプ機構を備えたクランプ組立体1700の一実施形態を図示する。レバーフレーム2204は、矢印2212で示されるようにフレーム2204のまわりに枢動することがあるレバーバー2202を支持してもよい。レバーバー2202は、枢動点2208でリンク2206に枢動可能に結合されてもよい。リンク2206は、同様に、枢動点2210でクランプ部材1702に枢動可能に結合されてもよい。図22に示されるようなクランプ組立体1700を操作するために、組立者は、レバーバー2202を、矢印2212に沿って、クランプ部材1702の方に回転させてもよい。これにより、前述のようにクランプ部材1702がクランプ部材1704の方に押されることがある。レバーバー2202は、例えば組立者によって直接手で操作されてもよく、又は自動で操作されてもよい。
図23は、油圧又は気圧クランプ機構を備えたクランプ組立体1700の別の実施形態を図示する。図示されるように、シリンダ・フレーム2304は、気圧シリンダでも液圧シリンダでもよいシリンダ2302に枢動可能に結合されてもよい。シリンダ2302が駆動されるとき、伸張してクランプ部材1702と1704との間に圧縮力を提供してもよい。シリンダ2302は、例えば、手動及び/又は自動で作動されてもよい油圧又は気圧コンプレッサ(図示せず)によって稼働されてもよい。
様々な実施形態において、はさみ装置100の様々な実施形態を利用する外科用器具が、例えばOlympus Corporationから入手可能なGIF−100モデルなどのフレキシブル内視鏡と共に使用されてもよい。少なくとも1つのそのような実施形態では、内視鏡、腹腔鏡、又は胸腔鏡は、例えば、肛門から結腸を介して患者に導入されるか、切開又は鍵穴とトロカールとによって又は口から食道を介して腹部に導入されるか、子宮頸部から膣を介して腹部に導入されることがある。これらの装置は、臨床医が、例えば肝臓などの臓器の病変組織を処置するために、はさみ装置100を組織処置領域の近くまで導き位置決めするのを支援することができる。別の実施形態では、これらの装置は、例えば、胃腸(GI)管、食道、及び/又は肺の近くの病変組織を処置するために位置決めされてもよい。様々な実施形態では、内視鏡は、フレキシブル・シャフトを含み、フレキシブル・シャフトの遠位端は、光源、観察ポート、及び少なくとも1つのワーキングチャネルを含んでもよい。少なくとも1つのそのような実施形態では、観察ポートは、その視野内の画像を、内視鏡内の電荷結合素子(CCD)カメラなどの光学装置に送ってもよく、その結果、例えば、オペレータは、ディスプレイモニタ(図示せず)で画像を見ることができる。
「近位」及び「遠位」という用語が、本明細書では、(例えば、トロカールを介して、自然開口部を介して、切開手術部位を介して)臨床医から手術部位まで延在する器具の端部を操作する臨床医に対して使用されることが理解されよう。用語「近位」は、臨床医に最も近い部分を指し、用語「遠位」は、臨床医から離れて配置された部分を指す。更に、簡潔かつ明瞭にするために、「垂直」、「水平」、「上」、及び「下」などの空間的な用語は、本明細書では図面に対して使用され得ることが理解されよう。しかしながら、外科器具は多くの向き及び配置で使用されるものであり、これらの用語は限定的及び絶対的なものではない。
幾つかの実施形態を図示し説明し、また幾つかの実例となる実施形態をかなり詳細に説明してきたが、説明した実施形態は、添付の特許請求の範囲をそのような詳細に制限せずまた如何なる形でも限定するものでない。当業者にとり追加的な利点及び修正は容易に自明であり得る。当業者は、これらの様々な実施形態によって提供される様々な利点を容易に理解するであろう。
幾つかの実施形態を説明してきたが、実施形態の利点の幾つか又は全てを習得した当業者は、これらの実施形態に対する様々な修正、変更及び適用を想起することができることは明白である。例えば、各種の実施形態によれば、所与の働きを成し遂げるために、単一の構成要素が複数の構成要素で置き換えられてもよく、また複数の構成要素が単一の構成要素で置き換えられてもよい。したがって、説明した実施形態は、添付の特許請求の範囲から逸脱することなく、そのような修正、変更及び適応を全てを含むことが意図される。
本明細書に開示された装置は、1回使用後に破棄されるように設計されてもよく、又は数回使用されるように設計されてもよい。ただし、いずれの場合にも、デバイスは、少なくとも1回使用後に再使用されるように再調整することができる。再調整には、装置を分解する工程、その後の特定の部品を洗浄又は交換する工程、及びその後の再組み立ての工程の組み合わせが含まれてもよい。詳細には、装置は、分解されてもよく、また装置の任意数の特定の部分又は部品が、任意の組み合わせで選択的に交換又は除去されてもよい。特定の部品の洗浄及び/又は交換の際、装置は、再調整施設において又は外科的処置の直前に外科チームによってのいずれかで後で使用するために再組み立てされてもよい。当業者は、装置の再調整が、分解、洗浄/交換及び再組み立てのための種々様々な技術を利用してもよいことを理解するであろう。そのような技術の使用及びその結果再調整された装置は全て、本出願の範囲内にある。
本明細書に記載された実施形態は、手術前に処理されることが好ましい。まず、新品又は使用済みの器具が入手され、必要に応じて洗浄される。次いで器具を滅菌してもよい。1つの滅菌法では、プラスチック又はTYVEK(登録商標)バッグなどの、閉鎖かつ密閉された容器に器具を入れる。次に、容器と器具は、ガンマ線、X線、又は高エネルギー電子などの容器を貫通することができる放射線場内に配置される。この放射線によって器具上及び容器内の細菌が殺菌される。次いで、滅菌された器具を滅菌容器内で保管することができる。密封容器は、それが医療施設内で開封されるまで、器具を無菌に保つ。
参照により本明細書に組み込まれるといわれる任意の特許、出版物、又は他の公開資料は、全体又は一部において、組み込まれた資料が既存の定義、表現、又はこの開示に示された他の公開資料と矛盾しない範囲内で本明細書に組み込まれる。このように及び必要な範囲で、本明細書に明瞭に記載されている開示は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる任意の矛盾する事物に取って代わるものとする。本明細書に参照により組み込まれるといわれるが本明細書に記載した既存の定義、記述、又は他の開示資料と矛盾する、任意の資料又はその一部は、組み込まれる資料と既存の開示資料との間に矛盾が生じない範囲においてのみ組み込むものとする。
実施形態は、開示された特定の実施形態に限定されると解釈されるべきではない。実施形態はしたがって、限定的というよりはむしろ例示的なものと見なされる。変形と変更は、特許請求の範囲を逸脱することなく他者によって行なわれることがある。したがって、特許請求の範囲内にあるそのような全ての等価物変形及び変更が包含されることは明らかである。
以上、本明細書に記載された実施形態を使用することにより得られる多数の利点を述べてきた。1つ以上の実施形態の前述の説明は、例示及び説明の目的で提供してきたものである。それは包括的であることも、開示されたそのままの形態に限定することも意図されていない。以上の教示を考慮すれば、改変又は変形が可能である。1つ以上の実施形態は、原理及び実際的応用を示すために選択され説明され、それにより、当業者は、様々な実施形態を、意図された特定の使用に適するような様々な修正と共に利用することができる。本明細書と共に提出される請求項は全体的な範囲を画定するように意図されている。
〔実施の態様〕
(1) 手術用はさみ装置において、
エンドエフェクタであって、
1対のアームを含むクレビスと、
遠位に位置決めされた第1のブレード端、及び近位に位置決めされ、第1のカムスロットを画定する第1のカムを含む第1のブレード部材と、
遠位に位置決めされた第2のブレード、及び近位に位置決めされ、第2のカムスロットを画定する第2のカムを有する第2のブレード部材と、
前記第1のブレード部材及び前記第2のブレード部材を前記クレビスに枢動点のまわりに枢動可能に結合するように位置決めされ、前記クレビスによって引張状態で保持された留め具と、
前記第1のカムスロット及び前記第2のカムスロット内に位置決めされた少なくとも1本のピンを有する往復運動シャトルと、を含み、その結果、前記シャトルの遠位方向の動きによって前記第1及び第2のブレード部材が開き、前記シャトルの近位方向の動きによって前記第1及び第2のブレード部材が閉じる、エンドエフェクタを含む、手術用はさみ装置。
(2) 第1の位置及び第2の位置で選択的に位置決め可能なアクチュエータを含むハンドルと、
フレキシブル・シャフトと、
前記シャトルに結合され、前記フレキシブル・シャフト内に延在し、前記アクチュエータに結合された並進部材であって、それにより、前記アクチュエータを前記第1の位置に配置することにより、前記シャトルが遠位方向に並進し、前記アクチュエータを前記第2の位置に配置することにより前記シャトルが近位方向に並進する、並進部材と、を更に含む、実施態様1に記載の手術用はさみ装置。
(3) 前記並進部材が、多層鋼線を含む、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(4) 前記フレキシブル・シャフトが、スロット付きハイポチューブを含む、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(5) 前記スロット付きハイポチューブのスロットの空間周波数が、前記ハイポチューブの近位部分より前記ハイポチューブの遠位部分の方が高い、実施態様4に記載の装置。
(6) 前記フレキシブル・シャフトが、コイルパイプを含む、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(7) 前記閉位置の前記エンドエフェクタを備えた前記はさみ装置の外径が、約2.5mm未満である、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(8) 前記並進部材が、スロット付きハイポチューブを含む、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(9) 前記第1のブレード端及び前記第2のブレード端が、前記エンドエフェクタが前記開位置にあるときに互いに重なる、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(10) 前記重なりが、約0.127mm〜0.152mmである、実施態様9に記載の装置。
(11) 前記シャトルが、前記第1のカムスロット内に位置決めされた第1のピンと、前記第2のカムスロット内に位置決めされた第2のピンと、を有する、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(12) 前記シャトルが、前記第1のカムスロットと前記第2のカムスロット内に位置決めされた単一ピンを有する、実施態様1に記載の装置。
(13) クレビスの第1アームと第2のアームとの間で枢動点において接合された第1及び第2のブレード部材を含む手術用はさみを構成する方法であって、前記第1及び第2のブレード部材並びに前記第1及び第2のアームがそれぞれ、前記枢動点においてピン穴を画定し、
前記手術用はさみの前記第1及び第2のブレード部材及並びに前記クレビスを、前記第1及び第2のブレードの前記ピン穴が、前記クレビスの前記第1及び第2のアームの前記ピン穴と位置が合うように位置決めすることと、
前記第1及び第2のブレード部材並びに前記クレビスに圧縮力を印加することであって、前記圧縮力が、前記クレビスの前記第1のアームと第2のアームとの間で前記第1及び第2のブレード部材を互いに近付けるように向けられる、ことと、
前記圧縮力を維持しながら、前記第1及び第2のブレード部材の前記ピン穴と前記クレビスの前記第1及び第2のアームの前記ピン穴に留め具を適用することであって、前記留め具が、前記第1のブレード部材と前記第2のブレード部材を結合するように構成される、ことと、を含む、方法。
(14) 前記圧縮力を解放することを更に含む、実施態様13に記載の方法。
(15) 前記圧縮力が除去された後で、前記留め具を、前記クレビスの前記第1及び第2のアームによって引張状態で維持することを更に含む、実施態様13に記載の方法。
(16) 前記留め具を適用することが、リベット、ピン及びねじ付き留め具からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの留め具を適用することを含む、実施態様13に記載の方法。
(17) 前記留め具を適用することが、前記クレビスの前記第1及び第2のアームにピンをレーザ溶接することを含む、実施態様13に記載の方法。
(18) 前記圧縮力を印加することが、
前記第1及び第2のブレード部材並びに前記クレビスをクランプ内に配置することと、
前記クランプを係合して前記圧縮力を印加することと、を含む、実施態様13に記載の方法。
(19) 前記留め具を適用することが、前記留め具を前記第1及び第2のブレード部材の前記ピン穴の上のアクセス開口に適用することを含み、前記アクセス開口が、前記クランプによって画定される、実施態様18に記載の方法。
(20) 前記プレスを係合することが、ねじを作動させることを含む、実施態様18に記載の方法。
(21) 共通枢動点を画定する第1のブレード部材及び第2のブレード部材を含む、手術用はさみを形成する装置であって、
第1のクランプ部材と、
前記第1のクランプ部材の反対側に位置決めされた第2のクランプ部材と、
前記第1のクランプ部材及び前記第2のクランプ部材に結合され、前記第1のクランプ部材と前記第2のクランプ部材の少なくとも1つに、前記第1のクランプ部材及び前記第2のクランプ部材を互いに近づける方向に力をかけるように構成されたクランプ機構と、を含み、
前記第1のクランプ部材及び前記第2のクランプ部材の少なくとも1つが、前記手術用はさみの少なくとも1つのブレード部材を収容するように形成された空所を画定し、
前記第1のクランプ部材が、前記共通枢動点へのアクセスを可能にするように位置決めされたアクセス開口を画定する、手術用はさみを形成する装置。
(22) 前記第1のクランプ部材が、第1のねじ穴を画定し、前記クランプ機構が、前記第2のクランプ部材に結合されかつ前記第1のねじ穴内に位置決めされるねじボルトを含み、前記ねじ穴内で前記ねじボルトを回転させることにより、前記第1のクランプ部材に、前記第1のクランプ部材及び前記第2のクランプ部材を互いに近づける方向に力がかかる、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(23) 前記ねじボルトが、前記第2のクランプ部材によって画定された第2のねじ穴を介して前記第2のクランプ部材に結合された、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(24) 前記クランプ機構が、少なくとも1つのリンクを介して前記第1及び第2のクランプ部材に結合されたレバーバーを含み、前記レバーの動きが、前記少なくとも1つのリンクの対応する動きを引き起こし、この前記少なくとも1つのリンクが、前記第1のクランプ部材に、前記第1のクランプ部材及び前記第2のクランプ部材を互いに近付ける方向に力をかける、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(25) 前記クランプ機構が、手動操作用に構成される、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(26) 前記クランプ機構が、液圧シリンダ、気圧シリンダ、及び電気モータからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(27) 前記第1のクランプ部材が、前記第1のブレード部材を収容するように形成された第1の空所を画定し、前記第2のクランプ部材が、前記第2のブレード部材を収容するように形成された第2の空所を画定する、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(28) 前記アクセス開口が、第1のクランプ部材に切欠きを画定する、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(29) 前記アクセス開口が、前記アクセス開口の方に傾斜する斜めの面によって少なくとも部分的に取り囲まれた、実施態様21に記載の装置。
(30) 前記第1のクランプ部材が、前記アクセス開口を部分的に取り囲む、実施態様21に記載の装置。

Claims (8)

  1. 手術用はさみ装置において、
    エンドエフェクタであって、
    1対のアームを含むクレビスと、
    遠位に位置決めされた第1のブレード端、及び近位に位置決めされ、第1のカムスロットを画定する第1のカムを含む第1のブレード部材と、
    遠位に位置決めされた第2のブレード、及び近位に位置決めされ、第2のカムスロットを画定する第2のカムを有する第2のブレード部材と、
    前記第1のブレード部材及び前記第2のブレード部材を前記クレビスに枢動点のまわりに枢動可能に結合するように位置決めされ、前記クレビスによって保持された留め具と、
    前記第1のカムスロット及び前記第2のカムスロット内に位置決めされた少なくとも1本のピンを有する往復運動シャトルと、を含み、その結果、前記シャトルの遠位方向の動きによって前記第1及び第2のブレード部材が開き、前記シャトルの近位方向の動きによって前記第1及び第2のブレード部材が閉じる、エンドエフェクタを含み、
    前記往復運動シャトルは、該往復運動シャトルの近位部分に位置決めされたくさび特徴形状を有し、該くさび特徴形状は、前記往復運動シャトルがその遠位端にあるときに前記第1のブレード部材の前記第1のカムおよび前記第2のブレード部材の前記第2のカムを押し込んで互いから離す働きをする、手術用はさみ装置。
  2. 第1の位置及び第2の位置で選択的に位置決め可能なアクチュエータを含むハンドルと、
    フレキシブル・シャフトと、
    前記シャトルに結合され、前記フレキシブル・シャフト内に延在し、前記アクチュエータに結合された並進部材であって、それにより、前記アクチュエータを前記第1の位置に配置することにより、前記シャトルが遠位方向に並進し、前記アクチュエータを前記第2の位置に配置することにより前記シャトルが近位方向に並進する、並進部材と、を更に含む、請求項1に記載の手術用はさみ装置。
  3. 前記並進部材が、多層鋼線を含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
  4. 前記フレキシブル・シャフトが、スロット付きハイポチューブを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
  5. 前記スロット付きハイポチューブのスロットの空間周波数が、前記ハイポチューブの近位部分より前記ハイポチューブの遠位部分の方が高い、請求項4に記載の装置。
  6. 前記フレキシブル・シャフトが、コイルパイプを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
  7. 前記閉位置の前記エンドエフェクタを備えた前記はさみ装置の外径が、約2.5mm未満である、請求項1に記載の装置。
  8. 前記並進部材が、スロット付きハイポチューブを含む、請求項1に記載の装置。
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EP2400902B1 (en) 2013-05-01
US20100198244A1 (en) 2010-08-05
EP2400902A1 (en) 2012-01-04
WO2010088588A1 (en) 2010-08-05
JP2012516715A (ja) 2012-07-26

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