JP5436710B2 - ドープされた窒化アルミニウム結晶及びそれを製造する方法 - Google Patents
ドープされた窒化アルミニウム結晶及びそれを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 145
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title description 138
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 42
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910012506 LiSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910013425 LiZnN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 hafnium nitride Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 4
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003468 tantalcarbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001199 N alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000691 Re alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidynetantalum Chemical compound [Ta]#C NFFIWVVINABMKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium tungsten Chemical compound [W].[Re] DECCZIUVGMLHKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005428 wave function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/12—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
- H01L29/20—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L29/207—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds further characterised by the doping material
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- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
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- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
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- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/22—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities
- H01L21/225—Diffusion of impurity materials, e.g. doping materials, electrode materials, into or out of a semiconductor body, or between semiconductor regions; Interactions between two or more impurities; Redistribution of impurities using diffusion into or out of a solid from or into a solid phase, e.g. a doped oxide layer
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- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
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Description
本出願は、2005年12月2日付け出願の米国特許仮出願第60/741701号に基づく利益及び優先権を主張するものであり、その開示内容は、参照により本願に組み込まれる。
本発明は、米国標準技術局(NIST)によって付された番号70NANB4H3051の下、米国政府の援助を受けてなされたものである。米国政府は、本発明に関する所定の権利を有する。
半導体材料は、広範囲で制御可能な光学的及び電気的特性、例えば導電率を示す。このような制御は、ドーパントの使用によって可能となるものである。ドーパントは、半導体材料の結晶格子中に導入される不純物であり、電子(負電荷)又は正孔(正電荷)のソースとして作用する。制御可能なドーピングによって、半導体装置、例えば発光ダイオード(LED)、レーザ及びトランジスタの広範囲での(適用性の広い)製造が可能となる。
1.ドープされたAlN結晶を形成する方法であって、
a.AlN及び複数の不純物種を含む混晶を形成し、
b.前記混晶の少なくとも一部中で少なくとも1つの不純物種を電気的に活性化し、ドープされたAlN結晶を形成する
ステップを含む、方法。
2.前記電気的な活性化のステップの前に、前記混晶をウェハにスライシングするステップをさらに含む、上項1に記載の方法。
3.前記電気的な活性化のステップの後、前記ドープされたAlN結晶が、室温で約10−5Ω−1cm−1より大きな導電率を有する、上項1に記載の方法。
4.前記電気的な活性化のステップの後、前記ドープされたAlN結晶が、室温で約3×10−3Ω−1cm−1より大きな導電率を有する、上項3に記載の方法。
5.前記電気的な活性化のステップの後、前記ドープされたAlN結晶が、室温で約25cm2V−1s−1より大きな移動度を有する、上項1に記載の方法。
6.前記電気的な活性化のステップの後、前記混晶が、室温で約10−2Ω−1cm−1より大きな導電率を有する、上項1に記載の方法。
7.前記電気的な活性化のステップの後、前記ドープされたAlN結晶がn型となっている、上項1に記載の方法。
8.前記電気的な活性化のステップの後、前記ドープされたAlN結晶がp型となっている、上項1に記載の方法。
9.前記複数の不純物種が、置換型ドーパントを含む、上項1に記載の方法。
10.前記複数の不純物種が、C、O、Be、Mg、Zn及びSiからなる群から選択される、上項9に記載の方法。
11.前記複数の不純物種が、侵入型ドーパントを含む、上項1に記載の方法。
12.前記侵入型ドーパントがLiを含む、上項11に記載の方法。
13.前記電気的な活性化のステップが、前記混晶の少なくとも一部に対するアニール、溶融金属への浸漬及び電圧の印加の少なくとも1つを含む、上項11に記載の方法。
14.前記電気的なのステップが、侵入型ドーパントを、前記混晶の少なくとも一部から抽出する、上項13に記載の方法。
15.前記複数の不純物種が、少なくとも1つのドナー及び少なくとも1つのアクセプタを含む、上項1に記載の方法。
16.前記少なくとも1つのドナー及び少なくとも1つのアクセプタが、カチオン格子サイトを占有する、上項16に記載の方法。
17.前記少なくとも1つのドナーがSiを含み、前記少なくとも1つのアクセプタがBe、Mg又はZnを含む、上項16に記載の方法。
18.前記少なくとも1つのドナー及び前記少なくとも1つのアクセプタが、アニオン格子サイトを占有する、上項15に記載の方法。
19.前記少なくとも1つのドナーがOを含み、前記少なくとも1つのアクセプタがCを含む、上項18に記載の方法。
20.前記電気的な活性化のステップがアニールを含む、上項1に記載の方法。
21.p型AlN結晶を形成する方法であって、
a.AlN及び置換型不純物のソースを含む混晶を形成し、
b.前記置換型不純物の少なくとも一部を電気的に活性化し、p型AlN結晶を形成する
ステップを含む、方法。
22.前記置換型不純物のソースがBe3N2を含む、上項21に記載の方法。
23.前記電気的な活性化のステップが、Be3N2をBe3N3に変換する、上項22に記載の方法。
24.前記電気的な活性化のステップが、混晶を、窒素雰囲気中で、約100MPaより低い圧力及び約2300℃より低い温度に曝す、上項21に記載の方法。
25.前記置換型不純物のソースが、Mg3N2、Zn3N2、Li3N、BeO、BeSiN2、LiBeN、Be2C、BeSiN2、MgSiN2、LiSi2N3、LiMgN又はLiZnNの少なくとも1つを含む、上項21に記載の方法。
26.少なくとも約0.1mmの厚み、少なくとも約1cmの直径及び室温で約10−5Ω−1cm−1より大きい導電率を有する、ドーピングされたAlN結晶。
27.前記導電率が、室温で約3×10−3Ω−1cm−1より大きい、上項26に記載のAlN結晶。
28.移動度が、室温で約25cm2V−1s−1より大きい、上項26に記載のAlN結晶。
29.直径が、室温で少なくとも約2cmである、上項26に記載のAlN結晶。
30.C、O、Be、Mg、Zn及びSiからなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの置換型ドーパントをさらに含む、上項26に記載のAlN結晶。
31.室温で約25cm2V−1s−1より大きな移動度を有する、ドープされたp型AlN結晶。
32.少なくとも、C、O、Be、Mg、Zn及びSiからなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの置換型ドーパントをさらに含む、上項31に記載のAlN結晶。
33.少なくとも約0.1mmの厚み及び少なくとも約1cmの直径を有するドープされたn型単結晶AlN構造。
34.移動度が、室温で約25cm2V−1s−1より大きい、上項33に記載のAlN構造。
35.少なくとも、C、O、Be、Mg、Zn及びSiからなる群から選択された少なくとも2つの置換型ドーパントをさらに含む、上項33に記載のAlN構造。
36.少なくとも2mm×2mm×1mmの寸法並びに室温で約10−5Ω−1cm−1より大きな導電率を有する、ドープされた単結晶AlN構造。
37.少なくとも、C、O、Be、Mg、Zn及びSiからなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの置換型ドーパントをさらにをさらに含む、上項36に記載のAlN構造。
38.約50%より大きいAl濃度並びに室温で約10−5Ω−1cm−1より大きい導電率を有する、ドープされたp型AlGaNエピタキシャル層。
39.前記導電率が、室温で約3×10−3Ω−1cm−1より大きい、上項38に記載のエピタキシャル層。
40.移動度が、室温で約25cm2V−1s−1より大きい、上項38に記載のエピタキシャル層。
41.少なくとも、C、O、Be、Mg、Zn及びSiからなる群から選択される少なくとも2つの置換型ドーパントをさらに含む、上項38に記載のエピタキシャル層。
Claims (2)
- 少なくとも0.1mmの厚み及び少なくとも1cmの直径を有し、Siと、Be、Mg及びZnからなる群から選択された少なくとも1つのドーパントとでドープされている、ドープされたn型AlN又はAlGaN単結晶。
- 移動度が、室温で25cm2V−1s−1より大きい、請求項1に記載のAlN又はAlGaN単結晶。
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EP1954857A2 (en) | 2008-08-13 |
JP2013032287A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
US8747552B2 (en) | 2014-06-10 |
JP5312664B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
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US10692980B2 (en) | 2020-06-23 |
US20140231725A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
CN101331249A (zh) | 2008-12-24 |
JP2013155112A (ja) | 2013-08-15 |
US20190035898A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
WO2007065018A3 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
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JP5281408B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
US9525032B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
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