JP2015516672A - レーザ分割及び装置層移設のためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
レーザ分割及び装置層移設のためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01L21/77—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components or integrated circuits formed in, or on, a common substrate
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Abstract
Description
hv>Eg(バンドギャップエネルギー);線型吸収
hv<Eg(バンドギャップエネルギー);透過
nxhv>Eg;非線型吸収
(n=2、3、4、・・・)
1.固体材料における屈折率の変動;
2.固体から液体への相遷移又は昇華及び凝固;
3.結晶相からアモルファス相への変化(及び他の考えられる相変化);
4.転位、対応配列、双晶、及び小さな角度から大きな角度への粒子境界;
5.原子結合を破壊して、結合間にスペース又は極微空所を生じさせるクラック(極微クラック);及び
6.異常な局部加熱により結合の塊を破壊し及び固体相で拡散するマイクロメータ規模の空洞、空所又は孔。
図9から14は、結晶シリコン光起電力(PV)太陽電池を製造するための種々の実施形態を示す。種々のレーザ分割実施形態の以下の説明は、光起電力装置、特に、結晶シリコン光起電力(PV)モジュールを参照して説明する。というのは、それらは、全世界的PV市場の85%以上を占めるからである。これらの結晶シリコンPVモジュールのシリコンウェハ材料のコストは、現在、合計PVモジュール製造コストの40%以上を構成する。このレーザ分割技術は、薄いシリコン吸収層を伴う全バックコンタクト、バック接合太陽電池を製造するのに使用される。P及びN接合が形成され、不動態化され、そして薄い金属層(金属1)と接続される。レーザ分割技術は、それらのコンポーネントを含む薄いシリコン層を分離し、そしてプリプレグのようなハンドリング基板へ移設するのに使用される。これに続いて、プリプレグにビアを穿孔し、別の金属層(金属2)を堆積し、そしてパターン化して、太陽電池を完成させる。この技術は、GaN、GaAlN、InGaN、GaAs、InP、GaAlAs、等のホスト基板から作られた発光ダイオード、又はCMOSイメージャー、又はCMOS回路、又は電力装置、又はシリコン・オン・インスレータ(SOI)、又はゲルマニウム・オン・インスレータ(GOI)装置のような他の装置の製造中に使用することができる。
12:エネルギー粒子
14:半導体基板
16:エネルギー粒子
18:材料場所/スポット
19:レンズ
20:Si層
22:空所
24:結晶ドメイン/層
40:単結晶半導体層
42:レーザビーム
44:集束レンズ
50:ウェハ
52:集束レンズ
54:レーザ
56:ガススプレー
58:スプレー装置
60:レーザダメージエリア
62:レーザダメージ
Claims (31)
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、厚いドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む側とは反対の側にレーザ照射を使用して、分割及び分離するための方法において、
a.前記装置を製造する製造プロセスフローの少なくとも一部分を、前記分割及び分離プロセスの前に遂行し、
b.前記望ましい厚みは、約1ミクロンから100ミクロンの範囲であり、及び
c.結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの複数の前記層を前記厚いドナー層から形成する、
ことを含む方法。 - 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、厚いドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む側とは反対の側にレーザ照射を使用して、分割及び分離するためのレーザ処理装置において、
a.前記装置を製造する製造プロセスフローの少なくとも一部分を、前記分割及び分離プロセスの前に遂行し、
b.前記望ましい厚みは、約1ミクロンから100ミクロンの範囲であり、及び
c.結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの複数の前記層を前記厚いドナー層から形成する、
ようにされたレーザ処理装置。 - 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、厚いドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む同じ側にレーザ照射を使用して、分割及び分離するための方法において、
a.前記装置を製造する製造プロセスフローの少なくとも一部分を、前記分割及び分離プロセスの前に遂行し、
b.前記望ましい厚みは、約1ミクロンから100ミクロンの範囲であり、及び
c.結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの複数の前記層を前記厚いドナー層から形成する、
ことを含む方法。 - 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、厚いドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む同じ側にレーザ照射を使用して、分割及び分離するためのレーザ処理装置において、
a.前記装置を製造する製造プロセスフローの少なくとも一部分を、前記分割及び分離プロセスの前に遂行し、
b.前記望ましい厚みは、約1ミクロンから100ミクロンの範囲であり、及び
c.結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの複数の前記層を前記厚いドナー層から形成する、
ようにされたレーザ処理装置。 - 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、ドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む側とは反対の側にレーザ照射を使用して、別の基板又は表板へ移設するための方法。
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、ドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む側にレーザ照射を使用して、別の基板又は表板へ移設するための方法。
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニックコンポーネントを含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、ドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む側とは反対の側にレーザ照射を使用して、プロセスフローの一部分として別の基板又は表板へ移設して、それに対応する装置を形成する方法。
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニックコンポーネントを含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、ドナーウェハから、前記装置を含む側にレーザ照射を使用して、プロセスフローの一部分として別の基板又は表板へ移設して、それに対応する装置を形成する方法。
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニックコンポーネントを含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、ドナーウェハから別の基板又は表板へ移設する方法であって、レーザ照射される分離層は、結晶不均質性及び/又は空洞を含むものである、方法。
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニックコンポーネントを含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、ドナーウェハから別の基板又は表板へ移設する方法であって、透過性レーザを収束することにより照射される分離半導体層は、ドナー又はアクセプタドーパントを装置層より高い密度で含む、方法。
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニックコンポーネントを含む結晶半導体材料の望ましい厚みの層を、ドナーウェハから別の基板へ移設する方法であって、透過性レーザを収束することにより照射される分離半導体層には、広いバンドギャップの半導体材料が挿入される、方法。
- 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む望ましい厚みの結晶半導体材料の層を、前記装置を形成する製造プロセスフローの前、その間又はその後に、レーザ照射を使用して、ドナーウェハから分離する方法において、
a.前記層は、シリコン上に作られた光起電力セル、又はGaN、GaAlN、InGaN、GaAs、InP、GaAlAs、等のホスト基板から作られた発光ダイオード、又はCMOSイメージャー、又はCMOS回路、又は電力装置、又はシリコン・オン・インスレータ(SOI)、又はゲルマニウム・オン・インスレータ(GOI)装置のような装置又は装置のコンポーネントを含むものであり、
b.前記層の分離は、下からのレーザを、その上のウェハの裏面であって、電気的又はオプトエレクトロニックコンポーネントを含む側とは反対の面へ照射することにより遂行され、
c.前記層の分離は、上からレーザを、その下のウェハの裏面へ照射することにより遂行され、そのウェハは、電気的又はオプトエレクトロニックコンポーネントを含む側がレーザから離れるように位置される、
ことを含む方法。 - 光学、電子又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む望ましい厚みの結晶半導体材料の層を、厚いバルクから、装置が影響を受けないように装置から安全な距離離れてそのバルク内に収束されるレーザ照射を使用して、分離する方法において、
a.分離平面は、最も高い原子密度の結晶平面で且つ別のそのような平面から最も広く分離されたものとして選択され、
b.前記分離平面は、最も高い原子密度の結晶平面で、前記平面間には最も長い距離があり、
c.前記分離平面は、単結晶シリコンドナーウェハの場合には(111)であり、
d.残りのバルク材料に対しエネルギーバンドギャップを下げるようにドーピング及び/又は合金化を行うことでレーザビームの吸収を高める、
ことを含む方法。 - 光学、光起電力、電子、マイクロエレクトロメカニカルシステム(MEMS)又はオプトエレクトロニック装置を含む望ましい厚みの結晶半導体材料の層を、厚いドナーウェハから、レーザ照射を使用して分離し、そのドナーウェハを何回も使用して、複数の層分離に基づき複数の装置を形成する方法。
- シリコン層をハンドリング基板又は表板へ移設して太陽電池を形成し且つ太陽電池モジュールに合体させるように更に処理する太陽電池用途に対してレーザ照射を使用して薄いシリコン層を分離する方法において、
a.前記太陽電池は、全バックコンタクトバック接合の太陽電池であり、
b.前記太陽電池は、フロントコンタクトの太陽電池であり、
c.前記太陽電池は、二面性のフロント及びバックコンタクトの太陽電池であり、
d.前記太陽電池層は、p型及びn型ドープ領域を含み、
e.前記p型及びn型ドープ領域は、適当な櫛型パターンで第1金属(金属1)に接続され、
f.前記ハンドリング基板又は表板は、プリプレグシートであり、
g.前記ハンドリング基板は、ビアを形成するように穿孔され、
h.別の金属層(金属2)がプリプレグの上部に堆積されて、前記プリプレグのビアを通して金属1に接続される、
ことを含む方法。 - レーザビームをウェハ内に収束しそしてシステムのスループットが最大になるようにスキャニングすることによってドナーウェハから半導体材料の層を分割及び分離するためのレーザ処理システムにおいて、
a.前記レーザシステムには、レーザビームスキャニングに対して実質的に垂直な方向に機械的に並進移動される複数のステージが装備され、
b.前記レーザシステムは、複数のレーザからの一次ビームを細分化することにより得られる複数のレーザビームを使用して複数のウェハを同時に処理し、
c.前記レーザシステムは、複数のワークステーションを有し、それらのワークステーションにおける並列処理でウェハを移動できるようにし、
d.前記ワークステーションは、直線的に移動して、並列な処理を行い、
e.前記ワークステーションは、円形に移動して、並列な処理を行う、
ことを含むレーザ処理システム。 - レーザビームをドナーウェハ内に収束しそして表面をスキャニングしてドナーウェハ内のビームの焦点が望ましい所定の深さに保持されるようにすることによってドナーウェハから半導体材料の層を分割及び分離するためのレーザ処理システムにおいて、
a.スキャニングレンズから親ウェハの表面までの距離の正確な測定を行い、そしてスキャニングレンズから固定の距離に照射面を保持するように光学レンズの高さを調整し、
b.スキャニングレンズから親ウェハの表面までの距離の測定を行い、そしてデータをスキャナへ供給して、キャニングレンズから固定の距離に照射面を保持するように光学レンズの高さをリアルタイムで調整する、
ことを含むレーザ処理システム。 - レーザビームをドナーウェハ内に収束し、そしてその表面をスキャニングして、ウェハの縁検出を行ってスキャニングエリアをコントロールするためのウェハの位置を決定することにより、ドナーウェハから半導体材料の層を分割及び分離するためのレーザ処理システム。
- レーザビームを基板内に収束しそしてその表面をスキャニングして、粗面度及び反射率を事前に測定し、そのデータを使用してレーザ電力をコントロールすることにより、ドナーウェハから半導体材料の層を分割及び分離するためのレーザ処理システム。
- ウェハの縁、ウェハの高さ、照射面の粗面度及び反射率を同時に事前に測定してスキャナへ供給し、レーザ電力をコントロールして、レーザの焦点及び焦点の均一電力をリアルタイムでコントロールする複数のステーションを伴うレーザシステム構成。
- スキャナ及びレーザビームの数は、それらを食い違わせそしてウェハの移動と整合させることで最適化されるレーザ処理ツールの構成。
- 少なくとも1つの共通の結晶又は劈開平面を共有する非重畳埋設極微クラック付きスポットの二次元配列を形成した後に、極微クラックの伝播を応力で誘起し、そして結晶又は劈開平面に沿って埋設極微クラック付きスポット間を相互接続して半導体層を劈開し持ち上げることによりドナーウェハから材料層を分割及び分離するためのレーザ分割/劈開ツールの有効スループットを実質的に増加する方法において、
a.少なくとも1つの共通の結晶又は劈開平面を共有する前記非重畳埋設極微クラック付きスポットの密度を、材料層のその後の分離を容易にするためにドナーウェハの少なくとも1つの縁において高くする、
ことを含む方法。 - 液体窒素容器からのコールドスプレー(又はホットガススプレー)の下にウェハを移動することにより非重畳のレーザ生成スポットを延長して接続し、半導体層を劈開し持ち上げるレーザ分割及び分離方法において、タッチする(接続された)又は重畳するレーザクラックスポットを有する先縁でクラックが開始される方法。
- レーザ照射中又はその後にハンドラーと結合された基板に対して機械的振動力を加え、ウェッジを挿入し、そして剪断応力を加えることにより請求項1から23のいずれかに記載のレーザ分割により形成された装置層を移設する方法。
- レーザ照射中又はその後にハンドラーと結合された基板又は搬送媒体を通して、熱アニール、水噴射、化学的噴射及びガス噴射をレーザビームに関連して加えることにより請求項1から24のいずれかに記載のレーザ分割により形成された装置層を移設する方法。
- 分割された層及び分割されたドナーウェハの表面は、化学的エッチバック、研磨、又は水素雰囲気中でのアニールにより平坦化される、請求項1から25のいずれかに記載のレーザ分割により形成された装置層を移設する方法。
- 装置は、GaN、GaAlN、InGaN、GaAs、GaAlAs、及びそれに関連した化合物半導体層をサファイアウェハ上にもつ発光ダイオードのための半導体PN接合を含み、前記サファイアウェハの厚みは、装置の処理後であって装置をパッケージングする前にレーザ分割により減少され、そしてサファイアウェハは、装置の活性層を形成するように複数回再使用される、装置層移設方法のためのレーザ分割方法。
- 装置は、光を電気エネルギーに光起電力変換するために異なるハンドラーで支持された1つ又は複数の化合物半導体PN接合を含む、材料層移設のためのレーザ分割方法及びツール。
- 分割層は、バンドギャップが残りの基板より低くなるようにドーピング及び/又は合金化することにより分割層が光吸収層より成る、材料層移設のためのレーザ分割方法及びツール。
- 分割層は、ホストウェハから層を選択的に分割した後にエッチング除去できる光吸収層より成る、材料層移設のためのレーザ分割方法及びツール。
- 装置層の前記分割のため前記装置層の下に透過性レーザを収束する前記装置層移設方法により製造される装置及びコンポーネント。
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WO2013126927A2 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
EP2817819A4 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
KR20140140053A (ko) | 2014-12-08 |
US9929054B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
US20160336233A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
US20140038392A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
US9214353B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
WO2013126927A3 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
AU2013222069A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2817819A2 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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