JP2008091079A - 非水電解質電池用負極活物質、非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 - Google Patents
非水電解質電池用負極活物質、非水電解質電池、電池パック及び自動車 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008091079A JP2008091079A JP2006267984A JP2006267984A JP2008091079A JP 2008091079 A JP2008091079 A JP 2008091079A JP 2006267984 A JP2006267984 A JP 2006267984A JP 2006267984 A JP2006267984 A JP 2006267984A JP 2008091079 A JP2008091079 A JP 2008091079A
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- Prior art keywords
- negative electrode
- lithium
- active material
- battery
- electrode active
- Prior art date
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical class [O-2].[Ti+4].[Li+] FDLZQPXZHIFURF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 39
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 30
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- -1 titanium oxide compound Chemical class 0.000 description 28
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- 229910006715 Li—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium titanium Chemical compound [Li].[Ti] SWAIALBIBWIKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】一般式Li(16/7)-xTi(24/7)-yMyO8(ここで、MはNb、Ta、MoおよびWからなる群の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素であり、x及びyは、それぞれ、0<x<16/7及び0<y<24/7の範囲の数である)で表されるラムスデライト構造の金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物を包含する。
【選択図】 なし
Description
Li(16/7)-xTi(24/7)-yMyO8 (1)
(ここで、MはNb、Ta、MoおよびWからなる群の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素であり、x及びyは、それぞれ、0<x<16/7及び0<y<24/7の範囲を満たす)で表されるラムスデライト構造の金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物を包含する非水電解質電池用負極活物質が提供される。
本発明に係る非水電解質電池用負極活物質は、下記一般式(1)で表されるラムスデライト構造の金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物を包含する。
但し、MはNb、Ta、MoおよびWからなる群の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素であり、x及びyは、それぞれ、0<x<16/7及び0<y<24/7の範囲にある数である。
上式(2)中の記号□は、トンネル構造における空孔サイトを表す。また、上式(2)中にて[ ]で括った部分は、三次元骨格中の構成元素を表す。
本発明に係る負極は、導電性基体(負極集電体)と、導電性基体の表面(2つの主面のうちの一方または両方)に形成された負極活性層とを備える。負極活性層は、負極反応を行う層すなわち負極として活性な層であり、本発明の負極活物質を含有する。
アルミニウム箔及びアルミニウム合金箔の平均結晶粒径は、材料組織、不純物、加工条件、熱処理履歴、ならびに焼鈍条件など複数の因子から複雑な影響を受けて変化する。結晶粒径は、集電体の製造工程の中で、前記諸因子を組合せて調整することが可能である。
本発明に係る非水電解質電池は、負極、正極、負極と正極との間に設けられた非水電解質を備え、負極は、上に詳述した本発明の負極により構成される。
次に図2〜図6を参照して本発明の第1の実施形態に係る非水電解質電池を説明する。
次に図8を参照して第2の実施の形態に係る電池パックについて説明する。
次に図10〜図15を参照して本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る自動車およびオートバイについてそれぞれ説明する。
次に図16と図17を参照して本発明の第4の実施形態に係る充電式掃除機を説明する。充電式掃除機は、運転モードを選ぶ操作部75と、集塵するための吸引力を生み出すファンモータ等で構成された電動送風装置74と、制御回路73とを備えている。これらを駆動する電源として第2の実施形態に係る電池パック72が掃除機の筐体70内に収容されている。このような可搬式装置に電池パック72を収容する場合、振動による影響を避けるため緩衝材を介して電池パック72を固定することが望ましい。また、電池パック72を適正な温度に維持するために、公知の温調技術を適用することができる。置き台兼用の充電器71は、充電器機能の一部または全部が筐体70内に収容されていてもよい。
実施例1及び2では、MVがTa(実施例1)またはMVがNb(実施例2)である一般式(1)で表されるラムスデライト型構造の金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物をそれぞれ合成した。
実施例3及び4では、MVIがMo(実施例3)またはMVIがW(実施例4)である一般式(1)で表されるラムスデライト型構造の金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物をそれぞれ合成した。
実施例5及び6では、Li:Ti:MVIの元素比を変えて、一般式(1)で表されるラムスデライト型構造の金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物をそれぞれ合成した。
比較例1では、一般式Li16/7Ti24/7O8 (すなわち、Li2Ti3O7)で表される既知のラムスデライト型構造の金属無置換リチウムチタン酸化物化合物を合成した。
比較例2では、一般式Li16/7Ti(24/7)-ySnyO8で表されるラムスデライト型構造のスズ置換リチウムチタン酸化物を合成した。
リチウムの拡散性は、熱拡散を除けば、リチウムイオン導電率によってほとんど支配される。そこで、実施例1〜6および比較例1,2で合成したラムスデライト型酸化物のリチウムイオン導電率を測定するために、各酸化物をペレット状に焼成し、得られたペレット試料の両面に金電極をスパッタし、イオンブロッキング法による交流インピーダンス測定を行った。測定は、印加電圧10mV、周波数範囲5Hz〜13MHz、温度25℃の条件下で行った。得られたナイキスト線図から等価回路を用いてフィッティングを行い、バルク部分のリチウムイオン導電率を調べた。
上述のようにして合成した酸化物の粉末に、バインダーとしてポリテトラフルオロエチレンを重量比で10重量%、および導電剤としてアセチレンブラックを重量比で30%混合し、溶媒に混合して分散物を得た。この分散物をアルミニウム基体の1つの主面に塗布し、乾燥し、加圧成形して動作電極を作製した。電気化学的なリチウムイオンの脱挿入を評価するため、これらの動作電極の対極として金属リチウム箔を用い、半電池(電気化学測定セル)を作製し、以下の評価に用いた。
上記の電気化学測定セルを用いて、金属リチウム電極基準で0.5V〜2.5Vの電位範囲で充放電を行った。室温25℃に保った恒温槽中で、充放電電流値0.2C相当で行った。ここで、1Cとは、単電池を1時間で放電しきるに要する電流値であり、便宜的には単電池の公称容量の数値を1C電流値と置き換えることができる。従って0.2Cでは公称容量を5時間で放電しきるに要する電流値ということになる。
実施例1〜4および比較例1,2の酸化物を用いて作製した動作電極を、段階的に電流値を上げていくレート特性試験でそれぞれ評価した。金属リチウム電極基準で0.5V〜2.5Vの電位範囲で充放電を行った。放電レートを0.2C、0.5C、1Cと種々変えて、実施例1〜4および比較例1,2の各測定セルにおいて放電させ、放電容量をそれぞれ調べた。その結果を表3に示す。レート0.2Cで放電したときの放電容量比を基準値1.0として示した。実施例1,2,3,4では比較例1よりも放電容量を高く維持することが分かった。このことから、本発明の酸化化合物は急速充放電にも適していることが確認できた。一方、比較例2の放電容量比は、すべての実施例および比較例の中で最も低いことがわかった。
4…単位格子、5…トンネル(Liイオン拡散スペース)、6…Liイオン、
10,10A…電池、
13,13c,13d…正極、13a…正極集電体、13b…正極活物質含有層、
14,14c,14d…負極、14a…負極集電体、14b…負極活物質含有層。
Claims (8)
- 下記一般式(1):
Li(16/7)-xTi(24/7)-yMyO8 …(1)
(ここで、MはNb、Ta、MoおよびWからなる群の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素であり、x及びyは、それぞれ、0<x<16/7及び0<y<24/7の範囲の数である)で表されるラムスデライト構造の金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物を包含することを特徴とする非水電解質電池用負極活物質。 - 前記x及びyは、それぞれ、0<x≦2.0及び0<y≦2.0の範囲の数であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の負極活物質。
- 前記x及びyは、それぞれ、0<x≦0.5及び0<y≦0.5の範囲の数であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の負極活物質。
- 前記金属置換リチウムチタン酸化物は、Pnmaで代表される空間群の結晶系を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載の負極活物質。
- 前記請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項記載の負極活物質を含有する負極と、正極と、前記負極と正極との間に設けられた非水電解質と備えることを特徴とする非水電解質電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、1μm以下の平均粒径を有することを特徴とする請求項5記載の非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載の非水電解質電池を備えることを特徴とする電池パック。
- 請求項7記載の電池パックを具備することを特徴とする自動車。
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US11/853,546 US8137843B2 (en) | 2006-09-29 | 2007-09-11 | Negative electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte battery, nonaqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack, and vehicle |
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Also Published As
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KR100895554B1 (ko) | 2009-04-29 |
US8338029B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
CN100573983C (zh) | 2009-12-23 |
CN101154729A (zh) | 2008-04-02 |
JP4602306B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
US8137843B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 |
US20080078594A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
US20120135294A1 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
KR20080029878A (ko) | 2008-04-03 |
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