JP2007307392A - 掃除シート、掃除器具、及びこれらの使用 - Google Patents
掃除シート、掃除器具、及びこれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2007307392A JP2007307392A JP2007161618A JP2007161618A JP2007307392A JP 2007307392 A JP2007307392 A JP 2007307392A JP 2007161618 A JP2007161618 A JP 2007161618A JP 2007161618 A JP2007161618 A JP 2007161618A JP 2007307392 A JP2007307392 A JP 2007307392A
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- cleaning sheet
- layer
- cleaning
- sheet
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/659—Including an additional nonwoven fabric
- Y10T442/668—Separate nonwoven fabric layers comprise chemically different strand or fiber material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
- Y10T442/689—Hydroentangled nonwoven fabric
Abstract
【解決手段】掃除シート10は、約30〜約120g/cm2の坪量とした1箇所以上の高坪量領域12と、前記高坪量領域の坪量の約80%以下の坪量とした1箇所以上の低坪量領域14とを備える。多坪量を備えることに加えて、巨視的に三次元の掃除シートは、加熱されその後冷却されると収縮して、巨視的三次元構造を形成するスクリム材料を含むことが可能である。
【選択図】図11
Description
本発明は、ダスト、糸屑、毛髪、砂、食品屑及び草などの除去及び捕捉に特に適する掃除シートに関する。
乾燥ダスト型掃除のために不織布シートを使用することは、当該技術分野で知られている。こうしたシートは、接着力、絡み力又はその他の力を介して繊維が結合されている繊維複合材を一般に利用している。例えば、特許文献1及び特許文献2を参照。長持ちする拭き取りシートを形成するため、補強手段が、フィラメント又は網目構造の形態のステーブルファイバに組み合わされてきた。例えば、特許文献3、特許文献4及び特許文献5を参照。又、過酷な拭き取り処理に耐えることができる製品を提供するため、先行技術の不織布シートは、1種以上の上述の力を介して強く結合された繊維を用いてきた。こうした強い結合は長持ちする材料を得る一方で、微粒子ダストを収集し保持する材料の能力に悪い影響を及ぼし得る。この問題を処理する努力の中で、シズノ(Shizuno)らによる特許文献6は、絡み合い係数が小さいシートを形成するように二層が軽く水流交絡されている、高分子網目及び少なくとも1つの不織層から成る掃除シートを記載している。得られたシートは、複合繊維が軽く水流交絡されているために、強度、耐久性及び改善されたダスト収集性能をもたらすと言われている。より大きい範囲の繊維をダストとの接触のために利用できるので、絡み合い係数が小さい(即ち、500m以下)シートは、より優れた掃除性能をもたらすと言われている。
本発明は、坪量によって区別される少なくとも2つの領域を有する掃除シートに関する。特に、掃除シートは、約30〜約120g/m2の坪量を有する1箇所以上の高坪量領域と、前記高坪量領域の坪量の約80%以下の坪量を有する1箇所以上の低坪量領域とを備えている。1つの好ましい態様において、第1の領域は相対的に高い坪量のものであり、本質的に連続の網目構造からなる。第2の領域は、高坪量の第1の領域で取り囲まれた相対的に低い坪量の相互に孤立した複数の領域からなる。特に、好ましい掃除シートは、約30〜約120g/m2の坪量を有する連続領域と、前記高坪量領域で取り囲まれた複数の不連続領域とからなり、その不連続領域は規則的な反復態様で配置され、連続領域の坪量の約80%より小さい坪量を有している。
1.定義
本明細書中で用いられる「含む(comprising)」という用語は、本発明の実施において、種々の構成部分、種々の成分又は種々のステップが協働して用いられることができることを意味する。従って、「含む(comprising)」という用語は、より限定的用語「から本質的に構成される(consisting essentially of)」及び「から構成される(consisting of)」を包含する。
本発明は、種々のサイズ、形状、堅さなどのダスト、糸屑、毛髪、草、砂、食品屑及びその他の物質を種々の表面から除去するために有用な掃除シートに関する。好ましくは、掃除シートは、消費者パネル試験において改善された掃除性能を実証するであろう。
本発明は、坪量によって区別される少なくとも2つの領域を有する掃除シートに関する。特に、掃除シートは、約30〜約120g/m2(好ましくは約40〜約100g/m2、更に好ましくは約50〜約90g/m2、なお更に好ましくは約60〜約80g/m2)の坪量を有する1箇所以上の高坪量領域と、前記高坪量領域の坪量の約80%以下の坪量を有する1箇所以上の低坪量領域とを備えている。この点で好ましい掃除シートは、連続した高坪量領域と、その連続した高坪量領域によって取り囲まれ、規則的な反復パターンで配置され、前記連続領域の坪量の約80%以下の坪量を有する複数の不連続領域とを含む。
IAソフトウエアは、オプティマス(Optimas Corp.)(ワシントン州ボーセル)から入手できる商用画像分析ソフトウエアパッケージ、オプティマス6.11のマクロ言語を用いて開発されている。
プログラムへの入力は、光学顕微鏡によって得られたシートの画像である。これらの画像は、8ビット単色グレーにディジタル化される。画像のサイズは、512画素×486画素である。物理的測定において、画像は、およそ14.5mm×11.0mmのエリアである。
以下に概要が示された同じ手順を用いて、全てのディジタル画像が分析される。
ステップ1:画像における関心領域(ROI)を選択する。
(これは、照明が画像全体を通して均一ではないために行われる。従って、両端まわりの境界は分析から除外される。すべての画像に対して同じ関心領域が選択される。)
ステップ2:ROI内で3×3平均値算出フィルタを走らせる。
(平均値算出フィルタはディジタル画像におけるノイズを減少させる。)
ステップ3:小孔エリアを分割するためにグレーレベル論理限界(T)を自動計算する。
(小孔は画像において暗く見える。オプティマスマクロ言語によって提供されるGetAutoThreshold機能を利用して、ROI内のダークエリアを分離する。論理限界を選択するためのGetAutoThresholdによって提供される多くのオプションの中で、「平均値に関する領域における最小値のためのサーチ」は、最良の結果を提供すると考えられる。GetAutoThreshold上のオプティマス6.11オンラインヘルプを参照すること。)
ステップ4:ゼロ(0)〜10.0であるべき論理限界を選択し、小孔であるべきこの限界内でグレー値を有するすべての画素を識別する。
(GetAutoThresholdで自動的に選択される論理限界は、10グレーレベルによって更に決定してもよい。)
ステップ5:小孔エリアのオブジェクトを作る。
ステップ6:小孔エリアごとに、小孔サイズ(平方ミリメートル)及び同等の平方ミリメートルエリアをもつ円の直径を抽出する。
画像分析の出力は、エクセル表計算に書き込まれる。各画像当たりの出力は、論理限界、見つけられた小孔エリアの数、ROIの総エリアに対する総小孔エリアの百分率及び個々の小孔サイズ及び同等直径のリストを含む。
MD 23フィラメント/インチ
CD 17フィラメント/インチ
フィラメント直径(インチ)−CD及びMD 0.24ポリエステル
空気透過率(ft3/min) 685
上述した通り、1つの実施において、多重坪量掃除シートは又、巨視的に三次元である。これらのシートは、好ましくは、例えば紙タオルと比べて相対的に開放構造である。こうした1つの好ましい実施において、巨視的に三次元の掃除シートは、第1表面と第2表面とを有し、スクリム又はその他の収縮性材料を含んでいる。こうした1つの好ましい実施において、掃除シートは、少なくとも一方の外面の平均ピーク間距離が好ましくは少なくとも約1mmであり、前記外面の表面形状指数が好ましくは約0.01〜約5である第1外面と第2外面とを有し、収縮性材料(好ましくはスクリム)を含む。平均ピーク間距離及び平均高低差を測定する方法は、後述の試験方法の部分に詳しく記載されている。
本発明の掃除シートの何れの掃除性能は、シートへの汚れの粘着を高める界面活性剤又は滑剤を含むあらゆる多様な添加剤を用いてシートの繊維の処理、特に表面処理によって更に高めることができる。こうした添加剤は、利用されるときは、汚れを粘着させるシートの能力を高めるのに十分なレベルで掃除シートに添加される。こうした添加剤は、重量%で、好ましくは少なくとも約0.01%、更に好ましくは少なくとも約0.1%、更に好ましくは少なくとも約0.5%、更に好ましくは少なくとも約1%、なお更に好ましくは少なくとも約3%、なお更に好ましくは少なくとも約4%の含浸レベルで掃除シートに利用される。典型的には、含浸レベルは、約0.1%〜約25%、更に好ましくは約0.5%〜約20%、更に好ましくは約1%〜約15%、なお更に好ましくは約3%〜約10%、なお更に好ましくは約4%〜約8%、最も好ましくは約4%〜約6重量%である。好ましい添加剤は、蝋又は油(例えば、鉱油、石油ゼリーなど)と蝋の混合物である。適当な蝋は、種々の種類の炭化水素、特定の脂肪酸(例えば、飽和トリグリセリド)のエステル及び脂肪族アルコールを含んでいる。それらは、天然源(例えば、動物、植物又は鉱物)から誘導でき、或いは合成することができる。これらの種々の蝋の混合物も用いることができる。本発明において用いることができる幾つかの代表的な動物蝋及び植物蝋は、密蝋、カルナウバ蝋、鯨蝋、ラノリン、セラック蝋及びキャンデリアなどを含んでいる。本発明において用いることができる鉱物源からの代表的な蝋は、パラフィン蝋、石油蝋及び微結晶蝋などの石油ベース蝋、白色セレシン蝋、黄色セレシン蝋及び白色オゾケライト蝋などの化石蝋又は土蝋を含んでいる。本発明において用いることができる代表的な合成蝋は、ポリエチレン蝋などのエチレンポリマー、「ハロワックス」などの塩素化ナフタレン及びフィッシャー(Fischer−Tropsh Synthesis)が製造している炭化水素タイプ蝋などを含んでいる。
もう一つの点で、本発明は、上述の掃除シートを含む掃除器具に関する。1つの態様において、掃除器具は、
a.ハンドルと、
b.約30〜約120g/m2の坪量を有する1箇所以上の高坪量領域と、前記高坪量領域の坪量の約80%以下の坪量を有する1箇所以上の低坪量領域とを備える着脱可能なシートと
を含む。
A.厚さに関する方法
サンプルの構造的変化を防止するために、サンプルを凍結破砕して、低坪量領域及び高坪量領域の断面画像を形成することが必要である。サンプルの断面顕微鏡画像を用いて、領域間の相対的な厚さの差を測定することができる。
平均高低差は、Z−寸法測定器具(例えば、ボエックラー(Boeckeler Instruments)が販売しているMicrocodeII)を装備した光学顕微鏡(例えば、ドイツ国のツァィス社のツァィス・アクシオプラン)を用いて測定される。この手順には、シートの山又は谷領域を配置し、顕微鏡の焦点を合わせ、Z−寸法測定器具をゼロの目盛りに合わせることが含まれる。その後、顕微鏡を隣接谷又は山領域にそれぞれ移動させ、顕微鏡の焦点を当て直す。計器のディスプレイは、この山/谷対又は谷/山対間の高低差を示す。シート上のランダム位置で、この測定を少なくとも10回繰り返す。平均高低差は、これらの測定の平均である。
平均ピーク間距離を測定するために、単純な光学顕微鏡を用いることができる。使用倍率は、2つの隣接ピーク間の距離を容易に測定するために十分であるべきである。シート上のランダムな位置で、この測定を少なくとも10回繰り返す。平均ピーク間距離は、これらの測定の平均である。
CD伸びは、試験サンプルが500gの荷重下で示す百分率伸びの指標である。CD伸びは、100 Nのロードセルを備えるSintech Renew Instron 7310(Testwork ソフトウエアパッケージを含む)を用いて測定することができる。この計測器を用いて、荷重対%歪みカーブを作成する。試験パラメータは次の通りである。
サンプルの幅=30mm
ゲージ長さ=100mm
クロスヘッド速度=300mm/分
以下は、本発明の掃除シートを説明する例である。適宜、シートの機械的特性を表1に要約する。適宜、高められた三次元性を表2に示す。
この実施例は、本発明の掃除シートを製造するための梳綿ウェブとスクリム(即ち、ポリプロピレンフィラメントの網)の組合せを示している。間にスクリムを備える2つの梳綿ポリエステル繊維ウェブを準備する。2つの梳綿ウェブ及びスクリムの組合せを、その後、穴付き形成ベルト(ウィスコンシン州アップルトンのアルバニー(Albany International,Engineered Fabrics Division)から入手できる23Cスクエアウィーブ)の上に置き、水交絡に供し、乾燥する。水交絡プロセスは、繊維を引き離して、2つの異なる坪量領域を形成させながら、繊維を絡み合わさせ、スクリムとも絡み合わさせる。乾燥プロセス中に、水による絡み合いシートは、ポリエステル不織繊維に対するポリプロピレンスクリムの収縮の結果として「キルトにされる」(即ち、より大きな三次元性が達成される)。この材料を表1及び2において実施例1と呼ぶ。
この実施例は、2つの繊維層間にスクリム材料を配置していない、梳綿繊維(ポリエステル)の2層の水交絡を示している。布地ベルト及び水交絡と乾燥の両条件は、実施例1と同様である。この材料を表1において実施例2と呼ぶ。
本発明による掃除シートは、第1層100、第2層200及び第3層300を有する。第1層100及び第3層300はそれぞれ平方メートル当たり約30グラムの坪量を有するポリエステル繊維の水交絡ウェブを含む。第2層は、ポリプロピレン/EVA樹脂と両面接着剤と第2層の収縮の前にインチ当たり3フィラメント×インチ当たり2フィラメントのフィラメントカウントを有する上述のTHERMANET(登録商標)ブランド強化網を含む。BASIX B400ハンドプレスで第1層100と第3層300との間に、第2層200を配置する。約330°Fの設定温度で約13秒にわたりハンドプレスでプレスすることにより、3つの層を接合する。
比較例Aは、均一な坪量を有する不織シートを示している。微細開口(例えば、100メッシュ)を有する形成ベルトを用いて、このシートを製造することができる。梳綿ウェブとスクリムの組合せを水交絡に供し、乾燥した。この布地ベルトは、ベルトの極めて微細な開口のためにシートに極めて均一な坪量をもたらす。鉱油とパラフィン蝋との5重量%1:1混合物で不織シートを表面被覆する(例えば、印刷、噴霧などにより)。
比較例Bは、均一な坪量を有し、一般に平面である不織シートを示している。このシートは、日本、東京の花王株式会社からクイックル(登録商標)として市販されている。
Claims (16)
- 30〜120g/m2の坪量を有する連続した高坪量領域と、
前記高坪量領域で取り囲まれた、複数の分散した不連続な低坪量領域と
を備える掃除シートであって、
前記低坪量領域は、規則的な反復パターンで配置されると共に、前記高坪量領域の坪量の80%以下の坪量を有し、
前記掃除シートはさらに、第1の外面及び第2の外面を有し、
該第1の外面及び該第2の外面の少なくとも一方は、少なくとも1mmの平均ピーク間距離と、0.01〜10の表面形状指数とを有する掃除シート。 - 前記高坪量領域は、40〜100g/m2、好ましくは50〜90g/m2の坪量を有し、
前記低坪量領域の坪量は、前記高坪量領域の坪量の60%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の掃除シート。 - 総表面積の少なくとも5%は前記低坪量領域からなり、
好ましくは、総表面積の少なくとも10%は前記低坪量領域からなり、
好ましくは、総表面積の少なくとも20%は前記低坪量領域からなることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の掃除シート。 - 前記低坪量領域は、前記高坪量領域の厚さよりも薄い厚さを有し、
好ましくは、前記低坪量領域は、前記高坪量領域の厚さの75%以下の厚さを有することを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の掃除シート。 - 繊維材料と共に水による絡み合いに供されたスクリム材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の掃除シート。
- 少なくとも0.01重量%の含浸レベルで、好ましくは少なくとも3重量%の含浸レベルで、添加剤により処理されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の掃除シート。
- 前記添加剤は、油、蝋及びそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される材料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の掃除シート。
- 構造は巨視的に三次元であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の掃除シート。
- 前記外面の少なくとも一方の平均高低差は、少なくとも0.5mm、好ましくは少なくとも1mm、好ましくは少なくとも1.5mmであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の掃除シート。
- 前記外面の少なくとも一方の表面形状指数は、0.1〜5、好ましくは0.2〜3であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は9に記載の掃除シート。
- ハンドルと、
請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の着脱可能な掃除シートと
を含むことを特徴とする掃除器具。 - 使用すると、従来のダスト除去法に対して、空中浮遊微粒子物質及び/または表面上の微粒子汚れのレベルを低下させるという取扱説明書と組み合わされている、請求項11に記載の掃除器具。
- 前記空中浮遊微粒子物質及び/または前記微粒子汚れはアレルゲンを有することを特徴とする、請求項12に記載の掃除器具。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の掃除シートを複数備える製造品であって、
前記掃除シートは、該掃除シートを使用すると、空中浮遊微粒子物質及び/または表面上の微粒子汚れを減少させるという取扱説明書と関連している包装中にある、製造品。 - 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の掃除シートが表面に接触することを含む、表面を掃除する方法。
- アレルゲンのレベルを低下するための、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の掃除シートの使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US4761997P | 1997-05-23 | 1997-05-23 | |
US5533097P | 1997-08-12 | 1997-08-12 | |
US60/047,619 | 1997-08-12 | ||
US60/055,330 | 1997-08-12 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP55060798A Division JP2001527455A (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 1998-05-20 | 掃除シートとして有用な構造体 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2007307392A true JP2007307392A (ja) | 2007-11-29 |
JP4814845B2 JP4814845B2 (ja) | 2011-11-16 |
Family
ID=26725252
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP55060698A Pending JP2001527454A (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 1998-05-20 | 掃除シートとして有用な三次元構造体 |
JP55060798A Pending JP2001527455A (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 1998-05-20 | 掃除シートとして有用な構造体 |
JP2004186979A Pending JP2004337621A (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 2004-06-24 | 清掃シートとして有用な製造品 |
JP2005095161A Expired - Lifetime JP4369387B2 (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 2005-03-29 | 清掃シートとして有用な製造品 |
JP2007161618A Expired - Lifetime JP4814845B2 (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 2007-06-19 | 掃除シート、掃除器具、及びこれらの使用 |
Family Applications Before (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP55060698A Pending JP2001527454A (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 1998-05-20 | 掃除シートとして有用な三次元構造体 |
JP55060798A Pending JP2001527455A (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 1998-05-20 | 掃除シートとして有用な構造体 |
JP2004186979A Pending JP2004337621A (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 2004-06-24 | 清掃シートとして有用な製造品 |
JP2005095161A Expired - Lifetime JP4369387B2 (ja) | 1997-05-23 | 2005-03-29 | 清掃シートとして有用な製造品 |
Country Status (20)
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US (14) | US6561354B1 (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0986322B1 (ja) |
JP (5) | JP2001527454A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20010012907A (ja) |
CN (2) | CN1264279A (ja) |
AR (2) | AR016753A1 (ja) |
AT (3) | ATE249164T1 (ja) |
AU (2) | AU7584898A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9809155A (ja) |
CA (2) | CA2291124C (ja) |
CO (2) | CO5050376A1 (ja) |
DE (4) | DE69818112T2 (ja) |
ES (4) | ES2213280T3 (ja) |
HU (1) | HUP0003717A2 (ja) |
ID (1) | ID27460A (ja) |
IL (1) | IL133016A0 (ja) |
NO (2) | NO995728L (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2176143C2 (ja) |
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