ES2614751T3 - Acceso bajo demanda a recursos informáticos - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/82—Miscellaneous aspects
- H04L47/827—Aggregation of resource allocation or reservation requests
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
- G06F9/50—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
- G06F9/5005—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request
- G06F9/5027—Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU] to service a request the resource being a machine, e.g. CPUs, Servers, Terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/70—Admission control; Resource allocation
- H04L47/83—Admission control; Resource allocation based on usage prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
- H04L67/1008—Server selection for load balancing based on parameters of servers, e.g. available memory or workload
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/00
- G06F2209/50—Indexing scheme relating to G06F9/50
- G06F2209/509—Offload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems
- H04L12/56—Packet switching systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/40—Network security protocols
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Abstract
Un método para gestionar recursos en un entorno de informático local y un entorno informático bajo demanda, el método incluye la detección de un evento asociado con un entorno informático local (104) que comprende un primer conjunto de nodos informáticos (130, 132, 134) y gestionado por un primer módulo de gestión (108) para producir un evento detectado, en el que el método se caracteriza por: basándose en el evento detectado, identificar información sobre el entorno informático local (104); establecer una comunicación con un entorno informático bajo demanda (102) que comprende un segundo conjunto de nodos informáticos (124, 126) diferentes del primer conjunto de nodos informáticos y gestionado por un segundo módulo de gestión (106) diferente del primer módulo de gestión y que transmita la información sobre el entorno informático local (104) al entorno informático bajo demanda (102); en una disposición creada previamente donde existe una pluralidad de perfiles para la selección, seleccionar un perfil de la pluralidad de perfiles, el perfil relacionado con la carga de trabajo que se puede procesar, para producir un perfil seleccionado; transferir el perfil seleccionado al entorno informático bajo demanda; aprovisionar recursos (118) según lo indicado por el segundo módulo de gestión (106) dentro del entorno informático bajo demanda (102) basado en el perfil seleccionado para producir recursos aprovisionados; y transferir la carga de trabajo desde el entorno informático local (104) al entorno informático bajo demanda (102) en el que la carga de trabajo transferida consume los recursos aprovisionados (124, 126).
Description
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Acceso bajo demanda a recursos informaticos.
Aviso sobre derechos de autor (Copyright)
Una parte de la descripcion de este documento de patente contiene material que esta sujeto a la proteccion del copyright. El propietario del copyright no tiene ninguna objecion a la reproduccion por facsfmil por cualquier persona de los documentos de patente o divulgacion de la patente, tal como aparece en el Archivo o Registros de Patente de la Oficina de Patentes y Marcas de los Estados Unidos.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENClON
1. Ambito de la invencion
La presente invencion se refiere a un entorno informatico bajo demanda y, mas especfficamente, a un sistema y un metodo para proporcionar acceso y uso de recursos informaticos bajo demanda desde un entorno informatico local.
2. Introduccion
Los administradores de clusteres desean un retorno maximo de la inversion, lo que a menudo significa una elevada utilizacion del sistema y la capacidad de proporcionar diversas calidades de servicio a varios usuarios y grupos. Un cluster se define normalmente como un ordenador paralelo formado por componentes de productos y se ejecuta como su software de productos del software del sistema. Un cluster contiene nodos que contienen uno o mas procesadores, memoria compartida por todos los procesadores en el nodo respectivo y dispositivos perifericos adicionales tales como discos de almacenamiento conectados por una red que permite que los datos se muevan entre nodos. Un cluster es un ejemplo de un entorno informatico. Otros ejemplos incluyen una cuadrfcula, que se define vagamente como un grupo de clusteres, y una granja informatica que es otra organizacion del ordenador para el procesamiento.
A menudo, un conjunto de recursos organizados en un cluster o una cuadrfcula puede tener trabajos que se someteran a los recursos que requieren mas capacidad que el conjunto de recursos disponible. A este respecto, existe una necesidad en la tecnica para poder utilizar de forma facil, eficaz y bajo peticion nuevos recursos o diferentes recursos para gestionar un trabajo. El concepto de recursos informaticos "bajo demanda" se ha desarrollado en la comunidad informatica de alto rendimiento recientemente. Un entorno informatico bajo demanda permite a las empresas adquirir potencia informatica para la demanda media y luego contratar la potencia de procesamiento para ayudar en las cargas maximas o descargar todas sus necesidades informaticas a una instalacion remota.
Habilitar la capacidad bajo demanda de una manera facil de usar es importante para aumentar la omnipresencia del alojamiento en un entorno informatico bajo demanda, tal como un entorno informatico de alto rendimiento o un entorno de centro de datos. Varias entidades pueden proporcionar una version de la capacidad bajo demanda que ahf existe multi-hora o de multiples retrasos en la obtencion de acceso al entorno. El retraso se debe a la inflexibilidad de la transferencia de la carga de trabajo porque los centros bajo demanda requieren que las partes participates se alineen a ciertos hardwares, sistemas operativos o entornos de administrador de recursos. Estos requisitos actuan como inhibidores para amplia adopcion del uso de centros bajo demanda y lo hacen demasiado onerosos para que los clientes potenciales prueben el servicio.
Los usuarios deben pagar los cargos y costes no deseados o inesperados para hacer los cambios de infraestructura para su compatibilidad con los centros bajo demanda.
A menudo, un conjunto de recursos organizados en un cluster o una cuadrfcula puede tener trabajos para enviarlos a los recursos que requieren mas capacidad que el conjunto del recurso tiene disponible. A este respecto, en la tecnica existe una necesidad de poder utilizar de forma facil, eficaz y bajo peticion nuevos recursos o diferentes recursos para manejar un trabajo. El concepto de recursos informaticos "bajo demanda" se ha desarrollado en la comunidad informatica de alto rendimiento recientemente. Un entorno informatico bajo demanda permite a las empresas adquirir potencia informatica para la demanda media y luego contratar potencia de procesamiento para ayudar en las cargas maximas o para descargar todas sus necesidades informaticas a una instalacion remota. Varios libros de referencia con material relacionado con la informatica bajo demanda o la informatica de utilidad son Mike Ault, Madhu Tumma, Oracle 10g Grid & Real Application
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Clusters, Rampant TechPress, 2004 and Guy Bunker, Darren Thomson, Delivering Utility Computing Business- driven IT Optimization, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2006.
En Bunker and Thompson, seccion 3.3 en la pagina 32 titulada "Connectivity: The Great Enabler" donde se analiza como la interconexion de ordenadores aumentara drasticamente su uso. Esta divulgacion aborda esa cuestion. Sheets et al., Patente de Estados Unidos N° 6.816.905, describe un enfoque de funcionamiento de un proveedor de servicios alojados para Internet de tal manera que proporcione una gestion dinamica de servicios de alojamiento a traves de cuentas de clientes dispares o sitios geograficamente distintos. Su enfoque implica que al menos un primer grupo administrativo del servidor se reasigna automatica y dinamicamente a un segundo grupo administrativo en respuesta a la supervision automatica. Sheets et al. no indica nada sobre un centro informatico independiente de alto rendimiento bajo demanda. La publicacion de PCT WO 01/14987 ofrece un enfoque para establecer una cuadrfcula informatica que pueda construirse ffsicamente una vez y luego se divida de forma logica para varias organizaciones bajo demanda. Sin embargo, muestran un mecanismo de supervision o un Plano de Control que controla los elementos informaticos, de redes y de almacenamiento de la cuadrfcula informatica a traves de puertos de control o interfaces. Esta referencia tampoco contempla el uso de un entorno informatico independiente bajo demanda al requerir que este Plano de Control administre la cuadrfcula informatica indicada. En la tecnica existe una necesidad de soluciones mejoradas que permitan la comunicacion y la conectividad con un centro informatico de alto rendimiento bajo demanda. La publicacion de PCT WO 2006/112981, que es una tecnica anterior segun el artfculo 54(3)EPC, propone un metodo de gestion de recursos entre un entorno informatico local y un entorno informatico bajo demanda que comprende detectar un evento en un entorno informatico local y, basandose en el evento detectado, establecer automaticamente la comunicacion con un entorno informatico bajo demanda, aprovisionando recursos dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda y transferir la carga de trabajo desde el entorno informatico local de forma transparente al entorno informatico bajo demanda.
RESUMEN DE LA INVENCION
En la siguiente descripcion, se muestran caracterfsticas adicionales y ventajas de la invencion, y en parte seran evidentes a partir de la descripcion, o pueden aprenderse mediante la practica de la invencion. Las caracterfsticas y ventajas de la invencion pueden realizarse y obtenerse por medio de instrumentos y combinaciones senalados concretamente en las reivindicaciones adjuntas. Estas y otras caracterfsticas de la presente invencion se haran mas evidentes con la siguiente descripcion y las reivindicaciones adjuntas o pueden aprenderse mediante la practica de la invencion tal y como aquf se expone.
Un aspecto de la invencion proporciona un metodo de gestion de recursos en un entorno informatico local y un entorno informatico bajo demanda. El metodo incluye la deteccion de un evento asociado con un entorno informatico local que comprende un primer conjunto de nodos informaticos y gestionados por un primer modulo de gestion, en el que el metodo se caracteriza por: basandose en el evento detectado, identificar informacion sobre el entorno informatico local; establecer comunicacion con un entorno informatico bajo demanda que comprenda un segundo conjunto de nodos informaticos diferentes del primer conjunto de nodos informaticos y administrado por un segundo modulo de gestion diferente del primer modulo de gestion y transmitir la informacion sobre el entorno informatico local al entorno informatico bajo demanda; seleccionar un perfil de una pluralidad de perfiles, el perfil relacionado con la carga de trabajo que pueda procesarse, para producir un perfil seleccionado; transferir el perfil seleccionado al entorno informatico bajo demanda; aprovisionar recursos segun lo indicado por el segundo modulo de gestion dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda basado en el perfil seleccionado, para proporcionar recursos aprovisionados; y transferir la carga de trabajo desde el entorno informatico local) al entorno informatico bajo demanda en el que la carga de trabajo transferida consuma los recursos aprovisionados.
El paso de generar al menos un perfil asociado con la carga de trabajo que se puede procesar en un entorno informatico puede realizarse antes de recibir peticiones de trabajo en el entorno informatico local. Tambien, generar al menos un perfil asociado con la carga de trabajo que se puede procesar en un entorno informatico que pueda realizarse de forma dinamica, como solicitudes de trabajo que se reciben en el entorno informatico local. Puede haber uno o mas perfiles generados. Ademas, uno o mas de pasos del metodo pueden realizarse despues de una operacion de un usuario o un administrador, como una operacion de un clic. Cualquier perfil de los generados, al menos uno, puede estar relacionado con la configuracion de recursos que son diferentes de los recursos disponibles dentro del entorno informatico local.
Otro aspecto de la invencion proporciona un medio legible por ordenador que almacena instrucciones para controlar un dispositivo informatico para administrar flujo de trabajo entre un entorno informatico local y un
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entorno informatico bajo demanda, en el que la mejora se caracteriza por: generar al menos un perfil asociado con una carga de trabajo que se puede procesar en un entorno informatico que comprende un primer conjunto de nodos informaticos administrados por un primer modulo de gestion; seleccionar en el entorno informatico local un perfil de al menos un perfil para producir un perfil seleccionado, en el que el perfil seleccionado esta asociado con la carga de trabajo que se puede procesar; comunicar el perfil seleccionado desde el entorno informatico local al entorno informatico bajo demanda, el entorno informatico bajo demanda incluye un segundo conjunto de nodos informaticos diferentes del primer conjunto de nodos informaticos y gestionados por un segundo modulo de gestion diferente del primer modulo de gestion; aprovisionar recursos dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda de acuerdo con el perfil seleccionado; y transferir la carga de trabajo desde el entorno informatico local al entorno informatico bajo demanda.
Otro aspecto de la invencion proporciona un aparato informatico local que comprende un primer conjunto de nodos informaticos administrados por un primer medio de administracion, estando los primeros medios de gestion adaptados para administrar la integracion de un entorno informatico bajo demanda en el aparato informatico local, con la caracterfstica de que en los primeros medios de administracion estan adaptados para gestionar la integracion por medio de: determinar si existe una condicion de carga de trabajo pendiente en el entorno informatico local; si es asf, analizar la carga de trabajo pendiente para obtener un analisis; comunicar informacion asociada con el analisis al aparato informatico bajo demanda, comprendiendo el aparato informatico bajo demanda un segundo conjunto de nodos informaticos diferentes del primer conjunto de nodos informaticos y administrados por un segundo medio de administracion independiente; dirigir los segundos medios de administracion para aprovisionar al aparato informatico bajo demanda de acuerdo con el analisis; y transferir la carga de trabajo pendiente al aparato informatico bajo demanda aprovisionado.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS
Con el fin de describir la manera en que se pueden obtener las ventajas y caracterfsticas anteriormente descritas y otras de la invencion, se hara una descripcion mas concreta de la invencion brevemente descrita anteriormente haciendo referencia a realizaciones especfficas de la misma ilustradas en los documentos y dibujos adjuntos. Hay que entender que estos dibujos representan solo realizaciones tfpicas de la invencion y que, por tanto, no deben considerarse limitativas de su ambito, la invencion se describira y explicara con especificidad y detalle adicionales mediante el uso de los dibujos adjuntos.
La FIG. 1 ilustra la disposicion basica de la presente invencion;
La FIG. 2 ilustra los componentes de hardware basicos de acuerdo con una realizacion de la invencion; y La FIG. 3 ilustra un ejemplo de interfaz grafica para su uso en la obtencion de recursos bajo demanda;
La FIG. 4 ilustra la optimizacion del almacenamiento inteligente de datos;
La FIG. 5 ilustra varios componentes de la informatica basada en la utilidad;
La FIG. 6 ilustra los tipos de cuadrfcula;
La FIG. 7 ilustra las combinaciones de relaciones de la cuadrfcula;
La FIG. 8 ilustra graficamente un aspecto servidor web de la descripcion; y La FIG. 9 ilustra un aspecto del metodo de la descripcion.
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Varias realizaciones se describen de forma detallada mas abajo. Al tiempo que analizan implementaciones especfficas, debe entenderse que esto se hace solo con fines ilustrativos.
Para que los centros de alojamiento obtengan la maxima ventaja, deben simplificar la experiencia de los clientes potenciales y permitir un control detallado sobre el intercambio de recursos y tambien ajustar de forma dinamica lo que se proporciona en funcion de las necesidades de cada cliente. El control de inteligencia adicional optimiza la entrega de recursos para que los centros de alojamiento puedan reducir los costes y proporcionar ofertas competitivas que sean mas faciles de adoptar y utilizar.
Esta descripcion se refiere al acceso y administracion de recursos informaticos bajo demanda o de utilidad en un centro de alojamiento. La FIG. 1 ilustra la disposicion basica y la interaccion entre un entorno informatico local 104 y un centro de alojamiento bajo demanda 102. El entorno informatico local puede comprender un cluster, una cuadrfcula o cualquier otra variacion en estos tipos de nodos multiples y entornos gestionados comunmente. El centro de alojamiento bajo demanda o el entorno informatico bajo demanda 102 comprende una pluralidad de nodos que estan disponibles para el aprovisionamiento y, preferiblemente, tienen un nodo dedicado que contiene un maestro de alojamiento 128 que puede comprender un modulo de gestion esclavo 106 y/o al menos otro modulo como el administrador de entidades 129 y el dispositivo de provision de nodos 118.
A lo largo de la descripcion, los terminos software, administrador de carga de trabajo (WM), modulo de gestion, sistema y asf sucesivamente pueden usarse para referirse de manera general al software que ejecuta funciones similares a uno o mas de los productos Moab™ de Cluster Resources, Inc., pero ciertamente no se limitan a la implementacion exacta de Moab™ (por ejemplo, Moab Workload Manager®, Moab Grid Monitor®, etc.). Generalmente, el termino "WM" puede usarse para referirse al software que realiza los pasos que se estan analizando. Dicho software proporciona un servicio para la optimizacion de un entorno informatico local y de acuerdo con los principios de la invencion tambien puede usarse para controlar el acceso a recursos bajo demanda. En terminos de control de entorno local, el software proporciona un analisis en recursos locales sobre como y cuando, como dispositivos de hardware y software, se estan utilizando para fines de anulacion, planificacion, auditorfa, solucion de problemas e informes internos o externos. Dicha optimizacion permite ajustar el entorno local para aprovechar al maximo los recursos en el entorno informatico local. Sin embargo, hay momentos en los que se necesitan mas recursos que los que estan disponibles en el entorno local. Aquf es donde el centro bajo demanda o de alojamiento puede proporcionar recursos adicionales.
Normalmente, un centro de alojamiento 102 tendra los siguientes atributos. Permite a una organizacion proporcionar recursos o servicios a clientes donde los recursos o servicios se adaptan a las necesidades del cliente. Respaldar la verdadera informatica de utilidad requiere generalmente crear un centro de alojamiento 102 con una o mas capacidades de la manera siguiente: acceso remoto seguro, disponibilidad de recursos garantizada en un tiempo fijo o una serie de veces, servicios integrados de auditorfa/contabilidad/facturacion, nivel de servicio escalonado (QOS/SLA ), aprovisionamiento dinamico de nodos de ejecucion, administracion completa del entorno sobre recursos informaticos, de red, almacenamiento y basados en aplicaciones/servicios, optimizacion inteligente de la carga de trabajo, alta disponibilidad, recuperacion de fallos y reasignacion automatizada.
Un modulo de gestion 108 habilita la informatica de utilidad permitiendo que los recursos informaticos se reserven, asignen y aprovisionen dinamicamente para satisfacer las necesidades de carga de trabajo interna o externa. Por lo tanto, en los tiempos de carga maxima de trabajo o basados en algunos otros criterios, el entorno informatico local no necesita ser construido con el uso maximo en mente. A medida que se requieren recursos maximos periodicos, los desencadenantes pueden provocar un desbordamiento en el entorno bajo demanda y asf ahorrar dinero al cliente. El modulo 108 es capaz de responder a solicitudes manuales o generadas automaticamente y puede garantizar la disponibilidad de recursos sujeta a los acuerdos existentes de acuerdo de nivel de servicio (SLA) o de calidad de servicio (QOS). Como ejemplo, la FIG. 1 muestra un usuario 110 que envfa un trabajo o una consulta al cluster o entorno local 104. El entorno local suele ser un cluster o una cuadrfcula con carga de trabajo local. Pueden enviarse trabajos que tengan requisitos explfcitos de recursos. La carga de trabajo puede tener requisitos explfcitos. El entorno local 104 tendra diversos atributos tales como sistemas operativos, arquitectura, tipos de red, aplicaciones, software, capacidades de ancho de banda, etc., que el trabajo espera implfcitamente. En otras palabras, los trabajos normalmente esperan que el entorno local tenga ciertos atributos que le permitan consumir los recursos de una manera esperada. Estos atributos
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esperados pueden duplicarse en un entorno bajo demanda o sustituir recursos (que pueden ser una mejora o menos optima) pueden darse en el entorno bajo demanda.
Otro software se muestra a modo de ejemplo en un administrador de recursos distribuidos como Torque 128 y varios nodos 130, 132 y 134. Los modulos de administracion (maestro y/o esclavo) pueden interactuar y funcionar con cualquier gestor de recursos, como Torque, LSF, SGE, PBS y LoadLeveler y son independientes en este sentido. Los expertos en la tecnica reconoceran estos diferentes paquetes de software de administrador de recursos distribuidos.
Un modulo de gestion de alojamiento o maestro de alojamiento 106 puede ser tambien una instancia de un producto de software Moab™ con capacidades de centro de alojamiento para permitir a una organizacion controlar dinamicamente recursos de red, informaticos, de aplicacion y de almacenamiento y proporcionar dinamicamente sistemas operativos, de seguridad, credenciales y otros aspectos de un entorno completo informatico de extremo a extremo. El Modulo 106 es responsable de conocer todas las polfticas, garantfas, promesas y tambien de administrar el aprovisionamiento de recursos dentro del espacio informatico de utilidad 102- En un sentido, el modulo 106 puede ser denominado el modulo "maestro" porque se acopla y necesita conocer toda la informacion asociada tanto con el entorno de la utilidad y el entorno local. Sin embargo, en otro sentido, puede denominarse el modulo esclavo o intermediario de aprovisionamiento, que toma las instrucciones del modulo de gestion de clientes 108 para aprovisionar recursos y construir cualquier entorno que se solicite en el centro bajo demanda 102. Un modulo esclavo no tendrfa ninguna de sus propias polfticas locales, sino que sigue todas las solicitudes de otro modulo de gestion. Por ejemplo, cuando el modulo 106 es el modulo esclavo, entonces un modulo maestro 108 presentarfa solicitudes automatizadas o manuales (a traves de un administrador o usuario) que el modulo esclavo 106 simplemente sigue para administrar la construccion del entorno solicitado. Asf, tanto para los TI como para los usuarios finales, una sola interfaz facilmente utilizable puede aumentar la eficiencia, reducir los costes, incluidos los costes de administracion y mejorar las inversiones en el entorno del cliente local. La interfaz con el entorno local que tambien tiene acceso al entorno puede ser una interfaz web o un portal de acceso tambien. Solo pueden existir restricciones de factibilidad. El modulo de cliente 108 tendrfa derechos y propiedad de todos los recursos. Los recursos asignados no serfan compartidos sino dedicados al solicitante. Dado que el modulo esclavo 106 sigue todas las ordenes desde el modulo maestro 108, cualquier restriccion de polftica ocurrira preferiblemente en el modulo maestro 108 en el entorno local.
Los modulos tambien proporcionan servicios de administracion de datos que simplifican la adicion de recursos desde un entorno local. Por ejemplo, si el entorno local comprende una red de area amplia, el modulo de gestion 108 proporciona un modelo de seguridad que asegura, cuando el entorno lo exige, que los administradores puedan confiar en el sistema incluso cuando los recursos no confiables a cierto nivel se hayan anadido al entorno local o al entorno bajo demanda. Ademas, los modulos de administracion cumplen con las arquitecturas basadas en servicios web de n-niveles y, por lo tanto, la escalabilidad y la generacion de informes son partes inherentes del sistema. Un sistema operativo segun los principios expuestos en la presente memoria tambien tiene la capacidad de rastrear, registrar y archivar informacion sobre trabajos u otros procesos que se han ejecutado en el sistema.
Un centro de alojamiento 102 proporciona recursos dedicados programados a clientes para diversos propositos y tiene normalmente una serie de atributos clave: acceso remoto seguro, disponibilidad garantizada de recursos a un momento fijo o series de veces, servicios de auditorfa/contabilidad estrechamente integrados, niveles variables de calidad de servicio que proporcionan acceso privilegiado a un conjunto de usuarios; administracion de imagenes por nodos que permiten al centro de alojamiento restaurar una imagen exacta del cliente especffico antes de permitir el acceso. Los recursos disponibles para un modulo 106, que tambien puede denominarse intermediario de recursos de proveedores, tendran atributos rfgidos (arquitectura, RAM, espacio en disco local, etc.) y flexibles (OS, colas, aplicaciones instaladas, etc.). El proveedor o intermediario de recursos bajo demanda 106 puede proporcionar normalmente (modificar dinamicamente) atributos flexibles pero no rfgidos. El intermediario proveedor 106 puede poseer recursos multiples cada uno con tipos diferentes con atributos rfgidos (es decir, nodos de un solo procesador y procesador dual, nodos Intel, nodos AMD, nodos con 512 MB de RAM, nodos con 1 GB de RAM, etc.).
Esta combinacion de atributos presenta restricciones unicas en un sistema de gestion. Se describen aquf como los modulos de gestion 108 y 106 son capaces de gestionar, modificar y proporcionar recursos de manera eficaz en este entorno y proporcionar una gama completa de servicios ademas de estos recursos. Las herramientas avanzadas de reserva y gestion de polfticas de los modulos de gestion proporcionan soporte para el establecimiento de acuerdos de nivel de servicio amplios, facturacion automatizada y creacion de graficos e informes instantaneos.
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La tecnologfa informatica basada en utilidades permite a un centro de alojamiento 102 aprovechar rapidamente los recursos informaticos existentes, co-asignar dinamicamente los recursos y proporcionarlos automaticamente en un cluster virtual sin interrupciones. La Solicitud N° 11/276.852 de Estados Unidos describe un metodo para formar un cluster privado virtual. El proceso implica la agregacion de recursos informaticos y el establecimiento de particiones de los recursos informaticos agregados. A continuacion, el sistema presenta solo los recursos compartidos accesibles por una organizacion para su uso dentro de la organizacion. Por lo tanto, en el centro bajo demanda, a medida que se necesitan recursos, el control y establecimiento de un entorno de carga de trabajo desde un entorno local puede producirse por medio de la creacion de un cluster privado virtual (VPC) para el usuario local dentro del centro bajo demanda. Hay que tener en cuenta que en la solicitud 852 se encuentran mas detalles sobre la creacion y el uso de VPC. En cada uno de los casos descritos en el presente documento en el que los recursos informaticos bajo demanda se identifican, aprovisionan y consumen por la carga de trabajo del entorno local, los medios por los cuales esto se logra pueden ser mediante la creacion de un VPC dentro del centro bajo demanda.
En la FIG. 1 tambien se muestran otros componentes tales como un gestor de identidad 112 y un dispositivo de provision de nodo 118 como parte del centro de alojamiento 102. El maestro de alojamiento 128 puede incluir una interfaz de gestor de identidad 112 que puede coordinar informacion global y local con respecto a usuarios, grupos, cuentas y clases asociadas con recursos informaticos. La interfaz de gestor de identidad 112 tambien puede permitir que el modulo de gestion 106 cree y modifique automatica y dinamicamente cuentas de usuario y atributos de credenciales de acuerdo con las necesidades de carga de trabajo actuales. El maestro de alojamiento 128 permite a los sitios una gran flexibilidad cuando se trata de definir el acceso de credenciales, los atributos y las relaciones. En la mayorfa de los casos, el uso de los parametros USERCFG, GROUPCFG, ACCOUNTCFG, CLASSCFG y QOSCFG es adecuado para especificar la configuracion necesaria. Sin embargo, en ciertos casos, como los siguientes, este enfoque puede no ser ideal o ni siquiera adecuado: entornos con conjuntos de usuarios muy grandes; entornos con configuraciones de credenciales muy dinamicas en terminos de objetivos de proporcionalidad equilibrada, prioridades, restricciones de acceso a servicios y relaciones de credenciales; entornos de cuadrfcula con servicios externas de informacion de asignacion de credenciales; entornos empresariales con polfticas de imparcialidad basadas en el uso de varios clusteres.
Los modulos abordan estas y otras cuestiones similares a traves del uso del gestor de identidad 112. El gestor de identidad 112 permite al modulo intercambiar informacion con un servicio de gestor de identidad externo. Al igual que con las interfaces del administrador de recursos del modulo, este servicio puede ser un paquete comercial completo disenado para este proposito, o algo mucho mas simple por el cual el modulo obtiene la informacion necesaria para un servicio web, un archivo de texto o una base de datos.
La atencion se dirige ahora al dispositivo de provision de nodos 118 y como ejemplo de su funcionamiento, el dispositivo de provision de nodos 118 puede permitir la asignacion de recursos en el centro de alojamiento 102 para la carga de trabajo desde un entorno informatico local 104. Como se menciono anteriormente, un aspecto de este proceso puede ser crear un VPC dentro del centro de alojamiento segun lo dirigido por el modulo 108. El modulo de gestion de clientes 108 se comunicara con el modulo de gestion de alojamiento 106 para comenzar el proceso de aprovisionamiento. En un aspecto, el modulo de provision 118 puede generar otra instancia del software de gestion necesario 120 y 122 que se creara en el entorno del centro de alojamiento asf como los nodos informaticos 124 y 126 para ser consumido por un trabajo enviado. El nuevo modulo de gestion 120 se crea sobre la marcha, puede estar asociado con una peticion especffica y preferiblemente estara operativo en un nodo dedicado si el nuevo modulo de gestion 120 esta asociado con una peticion o trabajo especffico, ya que el trabajo consume los recursos asociados con los nodos informaticos aprovisionados 124, 126 y el trabajo se completa, entonces el sistema quitarfa el modulo de gestion 120 puesto que solo se creo para la solicitud especffica de la matriz. El nuevo modulo de gestion 120 puede conectarse a otros modulos tales como el modulo 108. El modulo 120 no tiene necesariamente que ser creado sino que puede ser generado sobre la marcha segun sea necesario para ayudar en la comunicacion y aprovisionamiento y uso de los recursos en el entorno de utilidad 102. Por ejemplo, el modulo 106 puede continuar y asignar nodos dentro del entorno informatico de utilidad 102 y conectar estos nodos directamente al modulo 108, pero en ese caso puede perder alguna capacidad de lote como una compensacion. El maestro de alojamiento 128 con el modulo de gestion 106, el gestor de identidad 112 y el dispositivo de provision de nodo 118 preferiblemente esta situado conjuntamente con el entorno informatico de utilidad pero puede ser distribuido. El modulo de gestion en el entorno local 108 puede comunicarse directamente con el modulo de gestion 120 creado en el centro de alojamiento para administrar la transferencia de la carga de trabajo y el consumo de los recursos del centro bajo demanda. El modulo de gestion creado 120 puede o no ser parte de un VPC.
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Como se muestra en la FIG. 2, un sistema ejemplar para implementar la invencion incluye un dispositivo informatico de uso general 200, que incluye una unidad de procesamiento (CPU) 220, una memoria de sistema 230 y un bus de sistema 210 que acopla varios componentes de sistema incluyendo la memoria de sistema 230 a la unidad de procesamiento 220. El bus de sistema 210 puede ser cualquiera de varios tipos de estructuras de bus incluyendo un bus de memoria o un controlador de memoria, un bus periferico y un bus local usando cualquiera de una variedad de arquitecturas de bus. El sistema tambien puede incluir otra memoria tal como memoria de solo lectura (ROM) 240. En el ROM 240 normalmente se almacena un BIOS basico (entrada/salida) que contiene la rutina basica que ayuda a transferir informacion entre elementos dentro del dispositivo informatico 200, tal como durante la puesta en marcha. El dispositivo informatico 200 incluye ademas medios de almacenamiento tales como una unidad de disco duro 250, una unidad de disco magnetico, una unidad de disco optico, unidad de cinta o similar. El dispositivo de almacenamiento 260 esta conectado al bus de sistema 210 por una interfaz de accionamiento. Los accionamientos y los medios legibles por ordenador asociados proporcionan almacenamiento no volatil de instrucciones legibles por ordenador, estructuras de datos, modulos de programa y otros datos para el dispositivo informatico 200. Los componentes basicos son conocidos por los expertos en la tecnica y se contemplan variaciones adecuadas segun tipo de dispositivo, tanto si el dispositivo es un dispositivo informatico portatil pequeno, como un ordenador de escritorio o un servidor informatico.
Aunque el entorno del ejemplo aquf descrito utiliza el disco duro, debe ser valorado por los expertos en la tecnica que otros tipos de medios legibles por ordenador que pueden almacenar datos accesibles por un ordenador, tales como casetes magneticos, tarjetas de memoria flash, discos de video digitales, cartuchos de memoria, memorias de acceso aleatorio (RAM), memoria de solo lectura (ROM), y similares, tambien pueden usarse en el entorno operativo de ejemplo. El sistema anterior proporciona un servidor o dispositivo informatico de ejemplo que puede utilizarse y conectarse en red con un cluster, clusteres o una cuadricula para gestionar los recursos de acuerdo con los principios establecidos aquf. Tambien se reconoce que en el futuro se pueden desarrollar otras configuraciones de hardware sobre las que el metodo puede ser operativo.
Tal como se ha mencionado, un concepto util pero no necesario para habilitar la tecnologia incluye una funcion bajo demanda de capacidad facil de usar y VPCs dinamicos. La solicitud de Patente de Estados Unidos numero 11/276.852 presentada el 16 de marzo de 2006, mencionada anteriormente, proporciona detalles adicionales con respecto a los VPC y la capacidad esta habilitada en el codigo fuente incorporado en la primera solicitud provisional. Respecto a la capacidad facil de usar bajo demanda, la FIG. 3 ilustra una interfaz de ejemplo 300 que un usuario puede utilizar para conectarse a un centro bajo demanda mediante una configuracion simple de varios parametros en cada sitio. Estos parametros pueden ser preconfigurados y activados de una manera tan simple como usar un boton "enable now " (habilitar ahora) 302. Preferentemente, los terminos y acuerdos de licencia pueden ser predeterminados o aceptados con otras licencias del software durante un proceso de instalacion o pueden ser revisados a traves de un formulario web como respuesta a la activacion del servicio. El administrador puede configurar los requisitos de recursos 308 en el centro bajo demanda facilmente para controlar cuantos procesadores simultaneos, nodos y demas pueden ser utilizados en el centro bajo demanda. Se pueden establecer otros parametros tales como el tamano de pasos incrementales, duracion minima y horas de procesador por mes. La interfaz 300 tambien incluye capacidades de ejemplo tales como personalizar lfmites de capacidad 304, personalizar las polfticas de nivel de servicio 306 y otros permisos de externalizacion. Por ejemplo, el usuario puede variar los permisos de usuarios, grupos, clases y cuentas con quien puede tener el nivel de permisos de externalizacion.
Como puede verse en la interfaz 300, hay otros parametros mostrados, tales como lfmites de capacidad maxima y de nivel de servicio, lfmites de tiempo real y niveles de calidad de servicio. De este modo, un usuario puede proporcionar un enfoque personalizado para utilizar el centro bajo demanda. El usuario puede habilitar polfticas de cumplimiento de nivel de servicio y aplicar las polfticas a diversas gradaciones de la carga de trabajo, como a toda la carga de trabajo con tiempos de espera excesivos, solo carga de trabajo de alta prioridad con excesivo tiempo de espera que haya aplicado la etiqueta de externalizacion. Tambien se contemplan otras gradaciones, tales como permitir al usuario definir con mas detalle el tiempo de espera "excesivo" o cuan alta es la carga de trabajo de alta prioridad.
El VPC dinamico permite predeterminar, asegurar, optimizar y garantizar la entrega correcta de recursos en entornos de cluster, cuadricula y centros de alojamiento. El VPC se utiliza para la particion virtual de varios tipos de recursos (como diferentes recursos de hardware, licencias de software, VLAN, almacenamiento, etc.) en unidades que pueden tratarse como clusters independientes. Estos clusteres virtuales independientes pueden tener sus propios controles de polftica, seguridad, garantfas de recursos, optimizacion, facturacion y generacion de informes. El VPC utiliza la programacion de software de gestion y los controles de polftica para cambiar automaticamente los lfmites virtuales para que coincidan con los recursos necesarios con la carga de trabajo
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asociada. Por ejemplo, si un cliente necesitaba por primera vez los recursos de una granja informatica tradicional de Linux, pero luego con el tiempo tema una carga de trabajo que necesitaba cada vez mas recursos SMP, el VPC dinamico podna adaptar de forma optima los recursos correctos para que coincidan con los requisitos de la carga de trabajo. El VPC dinamico proporciona flexibilidad para administrar y modificar los recursos en el centro bajo demanda. De lo contrario, los servicios de alojamiento son demasiado ngidos, haciendo que los clientes pasen por las tareas de redefinir y renegociar que recursos se proporcionan o hacer que paguen por recursos que no concuerdan con sus necesidades cambiantes.
Otros diferenciadores habilitados en el software de gestion incluyen el conocimiento detallado y el control definido de la carga de trabajo que incluye la asignacion de la carga de trabajo (CPU frente carga de trabajo intensiva de datos), almacenamiento optimizado de datos, afinidad de recursos, co-asignacion de recursos altamente optimizada, integracion de aprovisionamiento, integracion gestion de seguridad: los controles de cumplimiento del nivel de servicio se relacionan con los tiempos de respuesta garantizados y el tiempo de actividad garantizado. Existen amplias capacidades de gestion, como el soporte de gestores de recursos multiples y flexibilidad en modulos de gestion, como imagenes de sistema unico. A continuacion se muestran mas detalles sobre estas caractensticas.
En cuanto a la asignacion de la carga de trabajo, una de las capacidades de inteligencia habilitadas por el conocimiento detallado y el control sobre la carga de trabajo es su capacidad de diferenciar entre la carga de trabajo intensiva de la CPU y la carga de trabajo intensiva de datos. Cuando el software programa la carga de trabajo de HPC para un centro de alojamiento, puede enviar automaticamente carga de trabajo mas intensiva de la CPU al sitio de alojamiento, al tiempo que centra la carga de trabajo intensiva de datos localmente. Esto significa que los trabajos con archivos de datos grandes no necesitan unir redes y reduce el tiempo total de respuesta de la carga de trabajo de los clientes. Los clientes estanan mas satisfechos porque su trabajo se hace antes y el centro de alojamiento estana mas satisfecho porque puede centrarse en la carga de trabajo que es mas rentable para el modelo de facturacion "Hora CPU".
El almacenamiento optimizado de datos es otro aspecto del conocimiento detallado del software y control de la carga de trabajo. Esta tecnologfa aumenta el rendimiento de la carga de trabajo intensiva de datos al romper la reserva de un trabajo en los dos, tres (o mas) elementos de los datos de almacenamiento, el procesamiento de la carga de trabajo y los resultados del almacenamiento. Otras tecnologfas de programacion reservan el procesador y otros recursos en un nodo mientras duran los tres, dejando la CPU inactiva durante el almacenamiento de datos y la capacidad de E/S practicamente inactiva durante el penodo de procesamiento. El software de gestion de la presente invencion tiene servicio de consulta de informacion que analiza tanto los servicios de informacion de archivo como de red y, a continuacion, programa inteligentemente los tres procesos de una manera optimizada. La capacidad de E/S esta programada para evitar conflictos entre penodos de almacenamiento de datos y la programacion de la CPU esta optimizada para permitir el uso mas completo del procesador subyacente. Una vez mas, esto ayuda al cliente final a conseguir mas en un penodo de tiempo mas corto y optimiza los recursos de los proveedores de alojamiento para evitar el tiempo de CPU inactivo. La FIG. 4 ilustra como funciona el almacenamiento inteligente de datos. La parte superior 402 de esta figura muestra el metodo tradicional de reservar un nodo completo, incluyendo la CPU, para todo el almacenamiento de datos y tiempo de computo. La mitad inferior 404 muestra como el software programa el almacenamiento y procesamiento de datos para superponerse y optimizar la carga de trabajo. De este modo, los "eventos" utilizaran la CPU durante los periodos de almacenamiento en lugar de dejar la CPU inactiva durante esos tiempos.
En cuanto a la afinidad de recursos, el modulo de gestion aprovecha su conocimiento detallado de solicitudes de carga de trabajo solicitando trabajos al tipo de recurso capaz de proporcionar el tiempo de respuesta mas rapido. Por ejemplo, si es probable que un trabajo se ejecute mas rapido en AIX sobre Linux, en un sistema SMP en lugar de una granja de CPU tradicional, o funciona mejor en un tipo de red espedfico, tales afinidades pueden configurarse manual o automaticamente para que se produzcan de manera que la carga de trabajo se optimice. El software tambien tiene la capacidad de rastrear estas variables y aplicar tasas mas elevadas a los que utilizan los sistemas mas costosos.
El software asocia peticiones de carga de trabajo con controles de cumplimiento de nivel de servicio, tales como garantizar el tiempo de respuesta y garantizar el tiempo de actividad. Es importante que los centros informaticos de alto rendimiento bajo demanda sean capaces de administrar el cumplimiento del nivel de servicio, de lo contrario su clientela nunca repetira con ellos. Una aplicacion de esta capacidad es que puede establecer reglas que empujen automaticamente toda la carga de trabajo pendiente de un sitio a un centro de alojamiento. Esta capacidad se puede denominar proteccion de sobrecarga de carga de trabajo. Los algoritmos avanzados de
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programacion y las capacidades de gestion de polfticas se pueden configurar para satisfacer estas necesidades. A continuacion se muestran las industrias que tienen necesidades especfficas para tales garantfas: Homeland Security (garantfa de tiempos de respuesta, asf como garantfa de tiempo de actividad, proteccion contra sobrecargas de carga de trabajo); El National Institute of Health deseaba recursos de garantfa de software en caso de una crisis nacional, hasta el punto de anticipar todos los trabajos en toda la cuadrfcula. Esta caracterfstica llamada "Run Now" proporciona el tiempo de respuesta inmediata garantizada requerida. Para ello, realiza una serie de consultas complejas para proporcionar el tiempo de respuesta al menor costo posible para los sitios participates. El software puede lograr esto ejecutando a traves de mas de 8 niveles (cualquier numero puede servir) de polfticas cada vez mas agresivas para proporcionar los recursos - comenzando con los niveles menos impactantes y agotando completamente sus opciones antes de aumentar al siguiente nivel mas agresivo. De forma similar, la inteligencia del software permite que los sitios de alojamiento ofrezcan niveles de SLA prometidos que mantengan al cliente plenamente satisfecho, al tiempo que proporcionan el mayor retorno posible al proveedor de alojamiento; pelfculas multi-media, juegos, simulacion y otras areas de representacion intensa (tiempo de respuesta de garantfa); petroleo y gas (tiempo de respuesta de garantfa, proteccion de sobrecarga de carga de trabajo); aeroespacial (tiempo de respuesta de garantfa); financiero (garantfa de disponibilidad y tiempo de respuesta de garantfa, proteccion contra sobrecarga de carga de trabajo); Fabricantes: farmaceutica, automocion, chips y otras industrias intensivas "First to Market" (garantfa de tiempo de respuesta, proteccion contra sobrecarga de carga de trabajo). Como se puede ver, el software ofrece caracterfsticas aplicables en muchos mercados.
Otra caracterfstica se refiere a la arquitectura del software que permite el monitoreo, programacion y administracion simultaneas de multiples tipos de recursos, y se puede desplegar en diferentes entornos o utilizarse como un punto central de conexion para entornos distintos. En cuanto a la amplia compatibilidad, los elementos del lado del servidor del software funcionan al menos en entornos Linux, Unix y Mac OS X (puede administrar Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, Windows y entornos de sistema central, segun lo que soporte el gestor de recursos local). El software del lado del cliente funciona en entornos Linux, Unix, Mac OS X y Windows, asf como en otros entornos.
El soporte de gestor de multiples recursos permite que el software funcione practicamente en todos los gestores de recursos informaticos convencionales. Estos gestores de recursos informaticos incluyen, pero no estan limitados a LoadLeveler, LSF, PBSPro, TORQUE, OpenPBS y otros. Esto no solo incrementa el numero de entornos en los que puede utilizarse para proporcionar capacidad bajo demanda, sino que ofrece al cliente un conjunto mas amplio de opciones que avanzan porque no las bloquea en la solucion de un proveedor concreto. Ademas, con el soporte de administrador de multiples recursos, el software puede interoperar con multiples gestores de recursos informaticos al mismo tiempo, lo que permite capacidades de cuadrfcula incluso en entornos mixtos.
Mas alla del gestor de recursos informaticos tradicional que administra la sumision de trabajos a nodos informaticos, el software puede integrarse con gestores de recursos de almacenamiento, gestores de recursos de red, gestores de recursos de licencias de software, etc. Utiliza esta multiplicidad de fuentes de informacion para hacer que sus decisiones de polftica sean mas efectivas. El software tambien puede conectarse para monitorear hardware como Ganglia, scripts personalizados, ejecutables y bases de datos para obtener informacion adicional que la mayorfa de los administradores de recursos locales informaticos no tendrfan disponibles. Esta informacion adicional puede ser consultada y evaluada por el software o un administrador para aplicarse a las decisiones de colocacion de la carga de trabajo y a otras polfticas del sistema.
La FIG. 5 ilustra graficamente 500 como el WM se integra con otras tecnologfas. Los elementos de la parte inferior son tipos de recursos como almacenamiento, licencias y redes. Los elementos de la izquierda son mecanismos de interfaz para usuarios finales y administradores. Los elementos del lado derecho de la figura son servicios con los que el software puede integrarse para proporcionar capacidades ampliadas adicionales, tales como aprovisionamiento, generacion de informes centrada en la base de datos y gestion de la asignacion. Los ejemplos de paquetes de software mostrados en la FIG. 5 son principalmente productos de IBM, pero por supuesto puede integrarse otro software.
Con respecto a la flexibilidad de los modelos de gestion, el software permite proporcionar la capacidad bajo demanda de cualquier entorno de cluster soportado o entorno de cuadrfcula. El software puede configurarse para permitir multiples tipos de cuadrfcula y modelos de gestion. Los dos tipos de cuadrfculas preferibles habilitadas por el software son las cuadrfculas de area local y cuadrfculas de area amplia, aunque tambien estan habilitadas otras. La FIG. 6 ilustra 600 ejemplos de varios tipos de cuadrfcula asf como varios escenarios de gestion de cuadrfcula. Una "Cuadrfcula de Area Local" (LAG) utiliza una instancia de un administrador de carga
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de trabajo WM, como Moab, dentro de un entorno que comparte un espacio de usuario y de datos a traves de varios clusteres, que pueden o no tener varios tipos de hardware, sistemas operativos y administradores de recursos informaticos (por ejemplo, LoadLeveler, TORQUE, LSF, PBSPro, etc). Los beneficios de una LAG son que es muy facil de configurar y aun mas facil de manejar. Basicamente, todos los clusteres se combinan en una LAG utilizando una instancia de WM, eliminando la administracion de polfticas redundantes y los informes. Los clusteres parecen ser un conjunto mixto de recursos en un solo cluster grande. Una "Cuadrfcula de Area Amplia" (WAG) utiliza multiples instancias WM que trabajan juntas dentro de un entorno que puede uno o mas usuarios y espacios de datos a traves de varios clusteres, que pueden o no tener tipos de hardware mixtos, sistemas operativos y gestores de recursos informaticos (por ejemplo, LoadLeveler, TORQUE, LSF, PBSPro, etc). Las reglas de gestion de WAG pueden ser centralizadas, controladas localmente o mezcladas. El beneficio de una WAG es que una organizacion puede mantener la gestion soberana de su propio cluster local, al tiempo que establece polfticas estrictas o relajadas de intercambio de sus recursos a la cuadrfcula externa. La colaboracion puede ser facilitada con un conjunto muy flexible de polfticas opcionales en las areas de propiedad, control, intercambio de informacion y privacidad. Los sitios son capaces de elegir la cantidad de recursos e informacion de su cluster que comparten con la cuadrfcula externa.
Las cuadrfculas son intrfnsecamente de naturaleza polftica y flexibilidad para gestionar que informacion se comparte y que informacion no es fundamental para establecer tales cuadrfculas. Usando el software, los administradores pueden crear polfticas para administrar el intercambio de informacion en entornos politicos diffciles.
Las organizaciones pueden controlar el intercambio de informacion y la privacidad de al menos tres maneras diferentes: (1) Permitir que todos los recursos (por ejemplo, nodos, almacenamiento, etc.), carga de trabajo (por ejemplo, trabajos, reservas, etc.) y de polftica de informacion (por ejemplo, reglas de intercambio y priorizacion) se compartan para dar cuentas e informes completos; (2) Permitir que otros sitios solo vean recursos, cargas de trabajo y de informacion de polfticas que les concierna para que los detalles completos del recurso puedan mantenerse privados y mas simplificados; (3) Permitir que otros sitios solo vean un unico bloque de recursos, revelando nada mas que el volumen agregado de recursos disponibles para el otro sitio. Esto permite que los recursos, la carga de trabajo y la informacion de polftica se mantengan en privado, al mismo tiempo que permite que se lleven a cabo relaciones compartidas. Por ejemplo, un sitio que tiene 1.024 procesadores puede mostrar publicamente solo 64 procesadores a otros sitios de la cuadrfcula.
Los tipos de cuadrfcula y los escenarios de administracion mencionados anteriormente se pueden combinar junto con las reglas de intercambio de informacion y privacidad para crear relaciones personalizadas que coincidan con las necesidades de las organizaciones subyacentes. La FIG. 7 ilustra un ejemplo de como se pueden combinar cuadrfculas. Muchas combinaciones son posibles.
El software es capaz de facilitar virtualmente cualquier relacion de cuadrfcula tal como uniendo cuadrfculas de area local en cuadrfculas de area amplia; uniendo cuadrfculas de area amplia a otras cuadrfculas de area amplia (ya sean administradas centralmente, localmente - "punto a punto" o mixtas); compartir recursos en una direccion (por ejemplo, para usar con centros de alojamiento o alquilar los propios recursos); permitir multiples niveles de relaciones de cuadrfcula (por ejemplo, conglomerados dentro de conglomerados). Como se puede apreciar, el entorno local puede ser una de muchas configuraciones como se discutio en el ejemplo anterior.
A continuacion se describen varios aspectos de la descripcion sobre al acceso a un centro bajo demanda desde un entorno local. Un aspecto se refiere a permitir la deteccion automatica de un evento tal como umbrales de recursos o umbrales de servicio dentro del entorno informatico 104. Por ejemplo, si se cumple un umbral del 95% del consumo del procesador, ya que se utilizan 951 procesadores de los 1000 procesadores en el entorno, entonces el WM 108 puede establecer automaticamente una conexion con el entorno bajo demanda 102. Un umbral de servicio, un umbral basado en polfticas, un umbral basado en hardware o cualquier otro tipo de umbral puede activar la comunicacion al centro de alojamiento 102. Otros eventos tambien pueden desencadenar la comunicacion con el centro de alojamiento, como una carga de trabajo con una cierta configuracion. El WM 108 entonces puede comunicarse con WM 106 para proporcionar o personalizar los recursos bajo demanda 102. La creacion de un VPC en el centro bajo demanda puede ocurrir. Los dos entornos intercambian la informacion necesaria para crear reservas de recursos, proveer los recursos, administrar licencias, etc., necesarios para permitir la transferencia automatica de trabajos u otra carga de trabajo desde el entorno local 104 al entorno de trabajo bajo demanda 102. Nada cambia sobre un trabajo de usuario 110 enviado a un WM 108. El entorno ffsico del entorno informatico local 104 tambien se puede replicar en el centro bajo demanda. El entorno bajo demanda 102 inmediatamente comienza a ejecutar el trabajo sin ningun cambio en el trabajo o tal vez incluso cualquier conocimiento del emisor.
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En otro aspecto, los eventos predichos tambien pueden ser desencadenantes. Por ejemplo, un fallo previsto de nodos dentro del entorno local, eventos predichos internos o externos al entorno o una union prevista de umbrales puede desencadenar la comunicacion con el centro bajo demanda. Todos estos son configurables y pueden activar automaticamente la migracion de trabajos o carga de trabajo o pueden desencadenar una notificacion al usuario o al administrador para tomar una decision sobre si migrar la carga de trabajo o acceder al centro bajo demanda.
En el caso del analisis y transferencia de la carga de trabajo pendiente, la realizacion del metodo proporciona determinar si existe una condicion de carga de trabajo pendiente en el entorno informatico local. Si la condicion de carga de trabajo pendiente existe, entonces el sistema analiza la carga de trabajo pendiente, comunica la informacion asociada con el analisis al entorno informatico bajo demanda, proporciona el entorno informatico bajo demanda de acuerdo con la carga de trabajo pendiente analizada y transfiere la carga de trabajo pendiente al entorno informatico bajo demanda. Es preferible que el aprovisionamiento del entorno informatico bajo demanda comprenda tambien crear un cluster privado virtual en el entorno informatico bajo demanda. El analisis de la carga de trabajo puede comprender determinar al menos un tipo de recurso asociado con la carga de trabajo de reserva para el aprovisionamiento en el entorno informatico bajo demanda.
En otro aspecto, analizar la carga de trabajo pendiente, comunicar la informacion asociada con el analisis al entorno informatico bajo demanda, el aprovisionamiento del entorno informatico bajo demanda de acuerdo con la carga de trabajo pendiente y la transferencia de la carga de trabajo pendiente al entorno informatico aprovisionado se produce en respuesta a una operacion de un solo clic de un administrador. Sin embargo, el proceso de aprovisionamiento y transferencia de carga de trabajo pendiente al centro bajo demanda puede comenzar en funcion de cualquier numero de eventos. Por ejemplo, un usuario puede interactuar con una interfaz de usuario para iniciar la transferencia de carga de trabajo pendiente. Un evento interno tal como un umbral, por ejemplo, un tiempo de espera que alcanza un maximo, puede ser un evento que podrfa desencadenar los analisis y transferir. Un evento externo tambien puede desencadenar la transferencia de la carga de trabajo pendiente, tal como un ataque terrorista, condiciones climaticas, apagones, etc.
Hay varios aspectos de esta invencion que se muestran en el codigo fuente adjunto. Una es la capacidad de intercambiar informacion. Por ejemplo, para la transferencia automatica de carga de trabajo al centro bajo demanda, el sistema importara clases remotas, informacion de polftica de configuracion, informacion de hardware ffsico, sistemas operativos y otra informacion desde el entorno WM 108 al WM 106 esclavo para uso del entorno bajo demanda 102. La informacion sobre el entorno informatico bajo demanda, los recursos, las polfticas, etc., tambien se comunican desde el WM 106 esclavo a la WM 108 local.
Por tanto, un metodo puede proporcionar un metodo para gestionar recursos entre el entorno informatico local y el entorno bajo demanda. Un metodo a modo de ejemplo comprende detectar un evento asociado con un entorno informatico local. Como se ha mencionado, el evento puede ser cualquier tipo de desencadenante o umbral. El software entonces identifica informacion sobre el entorno local, establece la comunicacion con un entorno informatico bajo demanda y transmite la informacion sobre el entorno local al entorno de informatico bajo demanda. Con esa informacion, el software proporciona recursos dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda para duplicar sustancialmente el entorno local y transferir la carga de trabajo desde el entorno local al entorno informatico bajo demanda. En otro aspecto, el aprovisionamiento no necesariamente duplica el entorno local, sino que especialmente aprovisiona el entorno bajo demanda para la carga de trabajo migrada al centro bajo demanda. Como ejemplo, la informacion comunicada sobre el entorno local puede estar relacionada con al menos hardware y/o un sistema operativo. El establecimiento de la comunicacion con el entorno informatico bajo demanda y la transmision de la informacion sobre el entorno local al entorno informatico bajo demanda se pueden realizar de forma automatica o manual a traves de una interfaz de usuario. El uso de una interfaz de este tipo puede permitir al usuario proporcionar una peticion de un solo clic o una accion para establecer la comunicacion y migrar la carga de trabajo al centro bajo demanda.
En algunos casos, cuando el software busca proporcionar recursos, un recurso particular puede no ser capaz de duplicarse en el entorno informatico bajo demanda. En este escenario, el software identificara y seleccionara un recurso sustituto. Este proceso de identificacion y seleccion de un recurso sustituto puede realizarse ya sea en el entorno bajo demanda o mediante negociacion entre un gestor de carga de trabajo esclavo en el entorno bajo demanda y un gestor maestro de carga de trabajo en el entorno informatico local. El metodo comprende ademas identificar un tipo de carga de trabajo para transferir al entorno bajo demanda, y en el que la transferencia de carga de trabajo desde el entorno local al entorno informatico bajo demanda comprende ademas transferir solamente el tipo de carga de trabajo identificado al centro bajo demanda. En otro aspecto, la transferencia del
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tipo de carga de trabajo identificado al centro bajo demanda se basa en diferentes capacidades de hardware y/o software entre el entorno bajo demanda y el entorno informatico local.
Otro aspecto de la descripcion es la capacidad para automatizar la gestion de datos entre dos sitios. Esto implica la manipulacion transparente de la gestion de datos entre el entorno bajo demanda 102 y el entorno local 104 que es transparente para el usuario. En otras palabras, puede realizarse sin una accion explfcita o una configuracion por parte del usuario. Tambien puede ser desconocida para el usuario. Otro aspecto mas se refiere a un mecanismo sencillo y facil para permitir la integracion de centros bajo demanda. Este aspecto de la invencion implica la capacidad del usuario o de un administrador para, en una sola accion como el clic de un boton, tocar una pantalla sensible al tacto, deteccion de movimiento, u otra accion simple, para poder ordenar la integracion de una informacion y capacidad del centro bajo demanda en la WM 108 local. A este respecto, el sistema de la invencion sera capaz de intercambiar e integrar automaticamente toda la informacion y conocimiento de recursos necesarios en un solo clic para ampliar el conjunto de recursos que pueden estar disponibles para los usuarios que tienen acceso inicialmente solo al entorno informatico local 104. La informacion puede incluir los diversos aspectos de los recursos disponibles en el centro bajo demanda, tales como el marco temporal, el coste de los recursos, el tipo de recursos, etc.
Uno de los aspectos de la integracion de un entorno bajo demanda 102 y un entorno informatico local 104 es que los datos generales aparecen localmente. En otras palabras, el WM 108 tendra acceso a los recursos y conocimientos del entorno bajo demanda 102, pero la vision de esos recursos, con el adecuado cumplimiento de los requisitos de las polfticas locales, se maneja localmente y aparece localmente a los usuarios y administradores del entorno local 104.
Otro aspecto esta habilitado con el codigo fuente adjunto: es la capacidad de especificar la informacion de configuracion asociada con el entorno local 104 y alimentarlo al centro de alojamiento 102. Por ejemplo, la interaccion entre los entornos informaticos soporta reservas estaticas. Una reserva estatica es una reserva que un usuario o administrador no puede cambiar, eliminar o destruir. Es una reserva que esta asociada con el WM 108 en si. Una reserva estatica bloquea los marcos de tiempo cuando los recursos no estan disponibles para otros usos. Por ejemplo, si para habilitar un entorno informatico para ejecutar (consumir) recursos, un trabajo tarda una hora en aprovisionar recursos, entonces el WM 108 puede hacer una reserva estatica de recursos para el proceso de aprovisionamiento. El WM 108 creara localmente una reserva estatica para el componente de aprovisionamiento de ejecutar el trabajo. El WM 108 informara sobre estas restricciones asociadas con la reserva estatica creada.
A continuacion, el WM 108 se comunicara con el WM 106 esclavo si se necesitan recursos bajo demanda para ejecutar un trabajo. El WM 108 se comunica con el WM 106 esclavo e identifica que recursos se necesitan (20 procesadores y 512 MB de memoria, por ejemplo) y pregunta cuando pueden estar disponibles esos recursos. Supongamos que WM 106 responde que los procesadores y la memoria estaran disponibles en una hora y que el WM 108 puede tener esos recursos durante 36 horas. Una vez que toda la informacion adecuada ha sido comunicada entre el WM 106 y el WM 108, entonces WM 108 crea una reserva estatica para bloquear la primera parte de los recursos que requiere la hora de aprovisionamiento. El WM 108 tambien puede bloquear los recursos con una reserva estatica desde la hora 36 hasta el infinito, hasta que los recursos desaparezcan. Por lo tanto, de cero a una hora se bloquea por una reserva estatica y desde el final de las 36 horas hasta el infinito se bloquea. De esta manera, el programador 108 puede optimizar los recursos bajo demanda y asegurar que esten disponibles para los servicios locales. La comunicacion entre los WM 106 y 108 se realiza preferiblemente mediante tunelado.
Otro aspecto mas es la capacidad de tener un solo agente como el WM 108 u otro agente de software que detecte un parametro, evento o configuracion en el entorno local 104. El entorno, en este sentido, incluye hardware y software y otros aspectos del entorno. Por ejemplo, un entorno de cluster 104 puede tener, ademas de las polfticas y restricciones en usuarios y grupos como se ha explicado anteriormente, cierta configuracion de hardware/software tal como cierto numero de nodos, cierta cantidad de memoria y espacio en disco, sistemas operativos y software cargado en los nodos y asf sucesivamente. El agente (que puede ser WM 108 u otro modulo de software) determina los aspectos ffsicos del entorno informatico 104 y se comunica con el centro de alojamiento bajo demanda para proporcionar un aprovisionamiento automatico de recursos dentro del centro 102 de tal manera que el entorno local se duplica. La duplicacion puede coincidir con la misma configuracion de hardware/software o puede sustituir de forma dinamica o manual los componentes alternativos. La comunicacion y transferencia de carga de trabajo a un entorno replicado dentro del centro de alojamiento 102 puede producirse automaticamente (por ejemplo, en la deteccion de un valor de umbral) o al presionar un boton de un
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administrador. Por lo tanto, se examina la informacion relativa al entorno local y el WM 108 u otro agente de software transfiere dicha informacion al centro 102 de alojamiento para su replicacion.
La replicacion, por tanto, implica proporcionar el mismo -o quizas similar- numero de nodos, sistemas operativos de aprovisionamiento, arquitectura del sistema de archivos y memoria y cualquier otro aspecto de hardware o software del centro de alojamiento 102 usando WM 106 para replicar el entorno informatico 104. Los expertos en la tecnica entenderan que otros elementos podran necesitarse para ser aprovisionados para duplicar el entorno. Cuando el entorno exacto no puede replicarse en el centro de alojamiento 102, el WM 106 puede tomar decisiones o mediante negociacion entre WM 106 y WM 108 para determinar un aprovisionamiento alternativo.
En otro aspecto, un usuario del entorno informatico 104 tal como un administrador puede configurar en el sitio de cliente 104 un entorno informatico y cuando la carga de trabajo se transfiere al centro de alojamiento 102, se puede proporcionar el entorno informatico deseado. En otras palabras, el administrador podrfa configurar un entorno mejor o mas adecuado que el entorno informatico 104 existente. Como ejemplo, una empresa puede querer construir un entorno informatico 104 que sera utilizado por trabajos intensivos de procesador y trabajos intensivos de memoria. Puede ser mas barato para el administrador del entorno 104 crear un entorno que se adapte mejor a los trabajos intensivos del procesador. El administrador puede configurar un entorno intensivo de procesador en el cluster local 104 y cuando se envfa un trabajo intensivo de memoria 110, el entorno intensivo de memoria se puede aprovisionar en el centro de alojamiento 102 para descargarlo.
A este respecto, el administrador puede generar perfiles de varias configuraciones para varias provisiones de "un solo clic" en el centro de alojamiento 102. Por ejemplo, el administrador puede tener perfiles para trabajos informaticos intensivos, trabajos intensivos en memoria, tipos de sistema operativo, tipos de software, cualquier combinacion de requisitos de software y hardware y otros tipos de entornos. Los expertos en la tecnica comprenderan los diversos tipos de perfiles que se pueden crear. El cluster local 104 tiene una relacion con el centro de alojamiento 102 en el que el administrador puede transferir la carga de trabajo basada en uno de los multiples perfiles creados. Esto puede hacerse automaticamente si el WM 108 identifica un trabajo de usuario 110 que coincide con un perfil o puede realizarse manualmente por el administrador a traves de una interfaz de usuario que puede o no ser grafica. El administrador, en la opcion "un clic" puede seleccionar una opcion para transferir el componente intensivo de memoria de esta carga de trabajo al centro de alojamiento para aprovisionar y procesar segun el perfil de memoria intensiva.
La relacion entre el centro de alojamiento 102 y el cluster local 104 por medio de la organizacion de la gestion de la carga de trabajo puede establecerse de antemano o dinamicamente. El ejemplo anterior ilustra el escenario donde la disposicion se crea de antemano donde existen perfiles para su seleccion por un sistema o un administrador. El escenario dinamico puede ocurrir cuando el administrador local para el entorno 104 tiene un nuevo usuario con un perfil deseado diferente al de los perfiles ya creados. El nuevo usuario quiere utilizar los recursos 104. Los perfiles configurados para nuevos usuarios o grupos pueden agregarse y/o negociarse manualmente entre el centro de alojamiento 102 y el cluster local 104 o pueden ser automaticos. Pueden existir disposiciones para la identificacion automatica de un tipo diferente de perfil y WM 108 (u otro modulo) puede comunicarse con WM 106 (u otro modulo) para organizar la disponibilidad/capacidad del centro bajo demanda para manejar la carga de trabajo de acuerdo con el nuevo perfil y para organizar el costo, etc. Si no se puede crear un nuevo perfil, entonces se seleccionara un perfil por defecto o generico, o el mas cercano que exista previamente, para cubrir las necesidades del trabajo del nuevo usuario. De esta manera, el sistema puede administrar de forma facil y dinamica la adicion de nuevos usuarios o grupos al cluster local 104.
A este respecto, cuando WM 108 somete una consulta al WM 106 indicando que necesita cierto conjunto de recursos, pasa el perfil(s) y tambien. WM 106 identifica cuando estan disponibles los recursos en dimensiones estaticas (tal como identifica que cierta cantidad de memoria, nodos y/o otros tipos de arquitectura estan disponibles). Este paso identificara si el solicitante obtiene los recursos sin procesar para satisfacer esas necesidades. A continuacion, el WM 106 gestionara la instalacion del cliente y el aprovisionamiento del software, los sistemas operativos y demas segun el perfil recibido. De esta manera, se puede satisfacer toda la especificacion de las necesidades de acuerdo con el perfil.
Otro aspecto de la invencion se refiere a observar la carga de trabajo que desborda al centro de alojamiento. El sistema puede personalizar el entorno para la carga de trabajo de desbordamiento en particular. Esto se menciono anteriormente. El agente 108 puede examinar la carga de trabajo en el cluster local 104 y determinar que parte de esa carga de trabajo o si toda esa carga de trabajo puede transferirse al centro de alojamiento 102. El agente identifica si el entorno local esta sobrecargado de trabajo y que tipo de trabajo esta causando la sobrecarga. El agente puede identificar de forma preventiva la carga de trabajo que sobrecargarfa el entorno
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local o puede identificar dinamicamente el trabajo de sobrecarga que se esta procesando. Por ejemplo, si se envfa un trabajo 110 que es intensivo en procesador e intensivo en memoria, el WM 108 reconocera esto y se comunicara inteligentemente con el WM 106 para transferir la parte intensiva del procesador de la carga de trabajo al centro de alojamiento 102. Esto puede ser preferible por varias razones. Quizas sea mas barato utilizar el tiempo de procesamiento del centro de alojamiento 102 para un tiempo de procesamiento intensivo. Tal vez el entorno local 104 sea mas adecuado para el componente intensivo de memoria de la carga de trabajo. Ademas, tal vez las restricciones tales como el ancho de banda, las polfticas de usuario, las reservas actuales en el entorno local o el entorno de alojamiento, etc., puedan regir cuando se procesa la carga de trabajo. Por ejemplo, la decision de donde procesar la carga de trabajo puede responder al conocimiento de que el entorno 104 no es tan adecuado para el componente intensivo del procesador de la carga de trabajo o debido a otros trabajos que se ejecutan o estan programados para ejecutarse en el entorno 104. Como se menciono anteriormente, el WM 106 gestiona el aprovisionamiento adecuado del entorno del centro de alojamiento para la carga de trabajo de desbordamiento.
Cuando el agente ha identificado cierto tipo de carga de trabajo que esta causando la sobrecarga, el sistema puede proporcionar automaticamente en el centro de alojamiento los tipos apropiados de recursos para que coincidan con la carga de trabajo de sobrecarga y luego transferir esa carga de trabajo.
Otro ejemplo de como esto funciona, se puede conseguir un umbral para el trabajo que se procesa en el cluster local 104. El umbral puede ser satisfecho por la cantidad de potencia de procesamiento que se esta utilizando, la cantidad de memoria disponible, si el usuario ha alcanzado una restriccion de permisos, una calidad de servicio puede no ser cumplida ni ningun otro parametro. Una vez que se alcanza ese umbral, ya sea automaticamente o a traves de un administrador, puede presionarse un boton y WM 108 analiza la carga de trabajo en el entorno 104. Puede identificar que hay un trabajo pendiente y determina que se necesitan mas nodos (o mas de cualquier tipo especffico de recurso). El WM 108 se comunicara con WM 106 y recursos de autoprovision dentro del centro de alojamiento para satisfacer las necesidades de los trabajos pendientes. Los recursos, el hardware, el software, los permisos y las polfticas apropiados pueden duplicarse exactamente o de una manera aceptable para resolver el retraso. Ademas, el auto-aprovisionamiento se puede realizar con referencia a las necesidades de carga de trabajo pendiente en lugar de la configuracion de entorno local. A este respecto, se identifica y analiza la carga de trabajo de desbordamiento y se adapta el aprovisionamiento en el centro de alojamiento a la carga de trabajo en si (en contraste con la adecuacion del entorno local) para el procesamiento cuando se transfiere la carga de trabajo de reserva. Por lo tanto, el aprovisionamiento puede estar basado en un tipo de recurso especffico que resolvera mas eficientemente la carga de trabajo pendiente.
Un aspecto de esta descripcion se refiere a la aplicacion de los conceptos anteriores para proporcionar un servidor de sitio web con potencia de computacion de seguridad a traves de un centro de alojamiento 102. Este aspecto de la invencion se muestra por el sistema 800 en la Fig. 8. El centro de alojamiento 102 y WM 106 se configuran como se ha explicado anteriormente y se hace el ajuste necesario para comunicarse con un servidor web 802. Una version de sitio web del gestor de carga de trabajo (WM) 804 operarfa en el servidor web 302. Los ajustes conocidos se hacen para permitir que el Servicio de Nombres de Dominio (DNS) proporcione la configuracion del desbordamiento del trafico de red para dirigirse al servidor web 802 o al centro de alojamiento 102. En otro aspecto, el servidor web preferentemente manejarfa todo el desvfo del trafico al centro bajo demanda una vez que fuera aprovisionado para el trafico del Web del desbordamiento. En otro aspecto, un servicio de red separado puede proporcionar el control del control del trafico web dirigido al servidor web o al centro bajo demanda. Un experto en la tecnica entendera la informacion basica acerca de como los paquetes de informacion de protocolo de Internet (IP) son enrutados entre un navegador web en un dispositivo de computacion de cliente y un servidor web 802.
A este respecto, el WM 804 supervisarfa el trafico web 306 y los recursos en el servidor web 802. Naturalmente, el servidor web 802 puede ser un grupo o grupo de servidores configurados para proporcionar un sitio web. El WM 804 esta configurado para tratar el trafico web 806 y todo lo relacionado con como el trafico web consume recursos dentro del servidor web 802 como un trabajo o un grupo de trabajos. Un evento como un umbral es detectado por WM 804. Si se pasa el umbral o se produce el evento, el WM 804 se comunica con el WM 106 del centro de alojamiento 102, el WM 106 autoprovisiona los recursos y permite que el trafico web fluya al centro de alojamiento 102 donde se recibiran las solicitudes y paginas web y se devuelve el contenido web. El aprovisionamiento de recursos tambien puede realizarse manualmente, por ejemplo, en la preparacion para un trafico web aumentado por alguna razon. Como ejemplo, si una companfa de seguros sabe que un huracan esta llegando puede proporcionar y prepararse para el aumento del trafico del sitio web.
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La gestion del trafico web 806 al servidor web 802 y al centro de alojamiento 102 tambien puede coordinarse de tal manera que una parte de las solicitudes vaya directamente al centro de alojamiento 102 o sea encaminada desde el servidor web 802 al centro de alojamiento 102 para la respuesta. Por ejemplo, una vez completada la provision en el centro de alojamiento 102, un agente (que puede comunicarse con el WM 804) puede entonces interceptar el trafico web dirigido al servidor web 302 y dirigirlo al centro de alojamiento 102, que puede proporcionar contenido del sitio web directamente al navegador del cliente (no mostrado) solicitando la informacion. Los expertos en la tecnica reconoceran que hay varias maneras en que el trafico web 806 pueda ser interceptado y enrutado a los recursos aprovisionados en el centro de alojamiento 102, de tal manera que sea transparente para el navegador web del cliente que un centro de alojamiento 102 -en lugar del servidor web 802- este dando servicio a la sesion web.
La identificacion del umbral puede basarse en un aumento del trafico actual o puede identificarse desde otra fuente. Por ejemplo, si el New York Times o algun otro medio de comunicacion importante menciona un sitio web, ese evento puede causar un aumento previsible del trafico. A este respecto, un aspecto de la invencion es un control de posibles desencadenantes para aumentar la actividad de la banda. El seguimiento puede ser a traves de una busqueda automatica Google (o de cualquier tipo) del nombre del sitio web en medios de comunicacion como
www.nytimes.com.
www.washingtonpostcom o
www.powerlineblog.com. Si el sitio web se identifica en estos medios, entonces un administrador o automaticamente el aprovisionamiento pueden producirse en un momento predecible de cuando se producirfa el aumento de trafico.
www.nytimes.com.
www.washingtonpostcom o
www.powerlineblog.com. Si el sitio web se identifica en estos medios, entonces un administrador o automaticamente el aprovisionamiento pueden producirse en un momento predecible de cuando se producirfa el aumento de trafico.
Otro aspecto de la invencion se ilustra en un ejemplo. En un caso, un sitio web pequeno (podemos denominarlo
www.smallsite.com) se menciono en la pagina del motor de busqueda de Google™. Debido al gran numero de ususarios de Google,
www.smallsite.com se vino abajo. Para evitar que esto suceda, cuando una fuente de trafico elevado como
www.google.com o
www.nytimes.com enlazan a o se remiten a un sitio web de poco trafico, entonces el aprovisionamiento puede realizarse automaticamente, por ejemplo, si se creo el enlace de Google a
www.smallsite.com, y el sistema (ya sea Google o una funcion especial disponible en cualquier sitio web) identifico que se establecio un vinculo de este tipo que probablemente causaria una mayor cantidad de trafico, entonces podria producirse el aprovisionamiento necesario, reflejando el contenido, etc, podrian producirse entre el servidor web 802 y el centro de alojamiento 102 y las modificaciones DNS necesarias para permitir la descarga de parte o de la totalidad del trafico web al centro de alojamiento.
www.smallsite.com) se menciono en la pagina del motor de busqueda de Google™. Debido al gran numero de ususarios de Google,
www.smallsite.com se vino abajo. Para evitar que esto suceda, cuando una fuente de trafico elevado como
www.google.com o
www.nytimes.com enlazan a o se remiten a un sitio web de poco trafico, entonces el aprovisionamiento puede realizarse automaticamente, por ejemplo, si se creo el enlace de Google a
www.smallsite.com, y el sistema (ya sea Google o una funcion especial disponible en cualquier sitio web) identifico que se establecio un vinculo de este tipo que probablemente causaria una mayor cantidad de trafico, entonces podria producirse el aprovisionamiento necesario, reflejando el contenido, etc, podrian producirse entre el servidor web 802 y el centro de alojamiento 102 y las modificaciones DNS necesarias para permitir la descarga de parte o de la totalidad del trafico web al centro de alojamiento.
Si parte del trafico se dirige al centro de alojamiento 102, entonces se hacen las provisiones para enviar ese trafico, directa o indirectamente, al centro de alojamiento 102. En un aspecto, los datos se reflejan en el centro de alojamiento 102 y el centro de alojamiento puede manejar exclusivamente el trafico hasta que se alcance cierto umbral y el trafico web se pueda transferir automaticamente al servidor web 802.
La descarga del trafico de la web puede aparecer como un cargo anadido disponible para sitios web, asi como cargos o tarifas por los servicios que se pueden utilizar para identificar cuando puede aumentar el trafico. Las fuerzas externas (como mencionar un sitio web en las noticias) pueden desencadenar el aumento, asi como las fuerzas internas. Por ejemplo, si una oferta especial se publica en un sitio web a un precio reducido para un producto, entonces el sitio web puede esperar un aumento en el trafico. A este respecto, puede haber una opcion de "un clic" para identificar un perfodo de tiempo (1 dfa de descarga) y un tiempo de inicio (2 horas despues de que se publique la oferta) para que se produzca la descarga.
Como se puede apreciar, los principios de la presente invencion permiten al usuario medio "navegar" en la red para disfrutar el acceso y la experiencia a sitios web que de otro modo podrian no estar disponibles debido al gran trafico de Internet. El beneficio ciertamente acostumbra a los propietarios de sitios web y operadores que evitaran el tiempo de inactividad no deseado y el impacto negativo que puede tener en su negocio.
La FIG. 9 ilustra un aspecto del metodo de la realizacion de servidor web de la invencion. En este caso, se describe un metodo de gestion de recursos entre un servidor web y un entorno informatico bajo demanda, el metodo incluye determinar si el trafico web dirigido al servidor web debe ser al menos parcialmente servido a traves del entorno informatico bajo demanda (902), aprovisionando los recursos dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda para permitirle que responda al trafico web por el servidor web (904), establecer una ruta de al menos parte del trafico web desde el servidor web al entorno informatico bajo demanda (906) y comunicar datos entre un navegador de cliente y el entorno informatico bajo demanda, de manera que el uso del entorno informatico bajo demanda para el trafico web sea transparente (908).
Aunque las reivindicaciones siguientes son reivindicaciones de metodo, se entiende que las etapas pueden ser practicadas por modulos informaticos en una realizacion del sistema de la invencion, asi como relacionadas con
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
instrucciones para controlar un dispositivo informatico almacenado en un medio legible por ordenador. La invencion tambien puede comprender un entorno informatico local 104 y/o un centro bajo demanda 102 configurado para operar como se ha descrito anteriormente. Un servidor/servidores web (802) y/o el centro bajo demanda (102) con cualquier otro nodo de red configurado para permitir la descarga del trafico web (806) tambien puede ser una realizacion de la invencion. Esto tambien puede implicar una alteracion de software adicional en un navegador web para permitir la descarga del trafico web. Ademas, cualquier sistema o red de hardware tambien se puede realizarse en la invencion.
Las realizaciones dentro del ambito de la presente invencion tambien pueden incluir medios legibles por ordenador para llevar o tener instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador o datos estructurados de ahf almacenados. Tales medios legibles por ordenador pueden ser cualquier medio disponible al que pueda acceder un ordenador con proposito general o de proposito especial. A modo de ejemplo, y sin limitacion, tales medios legibles por ordenador pueden comprender RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM u otro almacenamiento en disco optico, almacenamiento en disco magnetico u otros dispositivos de almacenamiento magnetico, o cualquier otro medio que pueda ser utilizado para transportar o almacenar los medios de codigo de programa deseados en forma de instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador o estructuras de datos. Cuando la informacion se transfiere o se proporciona a traves de una red u otra conexion de comunicaciones (ya sea cableada, inalambrica o combinacion de los mismos) a un ordenador, el ordenador considera correctamente la conexion como un medio legible por ordenador. Por lo tanto, cualquier conexion de este tipo se denomina correctamente medio legible por ordenador. Las combinaciones de lo anterior tambien deben incluirse dentro del ambito de los medios legibles por ordenador.
Las instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador incluyen, por ejemplo, instrucciones y datos que hacen que un ordenador de proposito general, un ordenador de proposito especial o un dispositivo de procesamiento de proposito especial realicen una determinada funcion o grupo de funciones. Las instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador tambien incluyen modulos de programa que son ejecutados por ordenadores en entornos autonomos o en red. Generalmente, los modulos de programa incluyen rutinas, programas, objetos, componentes y estructuras de datos, etc. que realizan tareas particulares o implementan tipos de datos abstractos concretos. Las instrucciones ejecutables por ordenador, las estructuras de datos asociadas y los modulos de programa representan ejemplos de los medios de codigo de programa para ejecutar pasos de los metodos aquf descritos. La secuencia particular de tales instrucciones ejecutables o estructuras de datos asociadas representa ejemplos de actos correspondientes para implementar las funciones descritas en dichos pasos.
Los expertos en la tecnica apreciaran que se pueden practicar otras realizaciones de la invencion en entornos informaticos en red con muchos tipos de configuraciones del sistema informatico, incluyendo ordenadores personales, dispositivos portatiles, sistemas multiprocesador, sistemas basados en microprocesador o electronica de consumo programable, PCs de red, miniordenadores, ordenadores de marco principal y similares. Tambien se pueden llevar a cabo realizaciones en entornos informaticos distribuidos en los que las tareas sean realizadas por dispositivos de procesamiento locales y remotos que esten enlazados (ya sea por enlaces cableados, enlaces inalambricos o por una combinacion de los mismos) a traves de una red de comunicaciones. En un entorno informatico distribuido, los modulos de programa pueden estar ubicados en dispositivos de almacenamiento de memoria local y remota.
Aunque la descripcion anterior puede contener datos especfficos, no deben interpretarse como limitantes de las reivindicaciones de ninguna manera. Otras configuraciones de las realizaciones descritas de la invencion son parte del ambito de esta invencion como se define en las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
Claims (12)
- 5101520253035401. Un metodo para gestionar recursos en un entorno de informatico local y un entorno informatico bajo demanda, el metodo incluye la deteccion de un evento asociado con un entorno informatico local (104) que comprende un primer conjunto de nodos informaticos (130, 132, 134) y gestionado por un primer modulo de gestion (108) para producir un evento detectado, en el que el metodo se caracteriza por:basandose en el evento detectado, identificar informacion sobre el entorno informatico local (104);establecer una comunicacion con un entorno informatico bajo demanda (102) que comprende un segundo conjunto de nodos informaticos (124, 126) diferentes del primer conjunto de nodos informaticos y gestionado por un segundo modulo de gestion (106) diferente del primer modulo de gestion y que transmita la informacion sobre el entorno informatico local (104) al entorno informatico bajo demanda (102);en una disposicion creada previamente donde existe una pluralidad de perfiles para la seleccion, seleccionar un perfil de la pluralidad de perfiles, el perfil relacionado con la carga de trabajo que se puede procesar, para producir un perfil seleccionado;transferir el perfil seleccionado al entorno informatico bajo demanda;aprovisionar recursos (118) segun lo indicado por el segundo modulo de gestion (106) dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda (102) basado en el perfil seleccionado para producir recursos aprovisionados; ytransferir la carga de trabajo desde el entorno informatico local (104) al entorno informatico bajo demanda (102) en el que la carga de trabajo transferida consume los recursos aprovisionados (124, 126).
- 2. El metodo de la reivindicacion 1, en el que el evento es al menos uno de los pasos de un umbral o un evento desencadenante.
- 3. El metodo de la reivindicacion 1, en el que la informacion sobre el entorno informatico local esta relacionada con al menos uno de: hardware y un sistema operativo.
- 4. El metodo de la reivindicacion 1, en donde el establecimiento de la comunicacion con el entorno informatico bajo demanda y la transmision de la informacion sobre el entorno informatico local al entorno informatico bajo demanda se realiza automaticamente.
- 5. El metodo de la reivindicacion 1, en donde el evento es un paso de un solo clic realizado por un usuario.
- 6. El metodo de la reivindicacion 1, en donde el aprovisionamiento de recursos dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda comprende ademas:si un recurso en particular no puede duplicarse en el entorno informatico bajo demanda, entonces, identificar y seleccionar un recurso sustituto.
- 7. El metodo de la reivindicacion 6, en el que la identificacion y seleccion de un recurso sustituto se lleva a cabo ya sea en el entorno informatico bajo demanda o mediante la negociacion entre el segundo modulo de gestion en el entorno informatico bajo demanda y el primer modulo de gestion en el entorno informatico local.
- 8. El metodo de la reivindicacion 1, incluye ademas:identificar un tipo de carga de trabajo para transferir al entorno informatico bajo demanda y en el que la transferencia de carga de trabajo desde el entorno informatico local al entorno informatico bajo demanda comprende ademas transferir el tipo de carga de trabajo identificado al entorno informatico bajo demanda.
- 9. El metodo de la reivindicacion 8, en donde la transferencia del tipo de carga de trabajo identificado al entorno informatico bajo demanda se basa en diferentes capacidades de hardware y/o software entre el entorno informatico bajo demanda y el entorno informatico local.
- 10. El metodo de la reivindicacion 1, en donde el aprovisionamiento de recursos dentro del entorno informatico bajo demanda comprende ademas crear un cluster privado virtual en el entorno informatico bajo demanda.
- 11. El metodo de la reivindicacion 10, en el que el cluster privado virtual comprende ademas un agregado 5 de recursos informaticos en el entorno informatico bajo demanda que tiene particiones y en donde solo losrecursos particionados son accesibles por el entorno informatico local.
- 12. Un medio legible por ordenador (240, 250, 260) que almacena instrucciones informaticas para implementar las etapas del metodo de una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 11.10
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