CN1630959A - 非水电化学电池用电解质添加剂 - Google Patents
非水电化学电池用电解质添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
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- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
公开了一种电化学二次电池。该电池包括阴极、阳极、含铝的集电器,和含高氯酸盐以及第二种盐的电解质。该电解质基本上不含LiPF6。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及蓄电池(battery)用的非水电化学电池。
蓄电池是常用的电能源。蓄电池含有负电极,典型地称为阳极,和正电极,典型地称为阴极。阳极含有可被氧化的活性材料;阴极含有或消耗可被还原的活性材料。阳极活性材料能还原阴极活性材料。
当蓄电池在器件内用作电能源时,使阳极与阴极电接触,允许电子流过该器件并允许分别发生氧化和还原反应,以提供电能。与阳极和阴极接触的电解质含有流经电极之间隔离体(separator)的离子,以维持放电过程中整个蓄电池内的电荷平衡。
铝可用作蓄电池内的结构材料。然而,由于铝的电极电势低于蓄电池的正电极的正常操作电势,因此铝会腐蚀。这种腐蚀增加电池的内部电阻,从而导致电容损失和降低比电能。当在电化学电池环境内铝与不同本性的金属相连时,铝也会易于腐蚀降解。
概述
本发明涉及电化学电池,它包括由铝或铝基合金制造的部件,这些部件接触电池的电解质。该电池还包括添加剂以抑制铝的腐蚀。
一方面,本发明的特征在于二次电化学电池,它包括阴极、阳极、含铝的集电器和含高氯酸盐以及不同于高氯酸盐的第二种盐的电解质。优选第二种盐不是高氯酸盐。电解质基本上不含LiPF6。电解质可含有至少5000ppm重量的高氯酸盐或至少10000ppm重量的高氯酸盐。第二种盐的实例是LiTFS。
另一方面,本发明的特征在于电化学电池,它包括含MnO2的阴极、含锂的阳极和含高氯酸盐的电解质。该电池包括与第二种金属表面电接触的铝表面。优选该表面是至少一维尺寸大于0.5mm、1mm或2mm的物体的一部分。“铝表面”可以是由纯铝制造的物体表面,或由铝基合金制造的表面。第二金属表面不同于铝表面。不同的金属可以是例如钢、不锈钢或镍。不同的金属也可以是铝的不同合金。也就是说,认为铝的不同合金是不同的金属。
由于铝的重量小于在电化学电池中使用的其它金属,如不锈钢,因此电池相对较轻。电池在极化下还具有低的欧姆电阻,这是因为铝的导电性高。此外,铝不如不锈钢贵。通过添加高氯酸盐保护铝防止腐蚀。
电池可包括含铝的阴极集电器。电解质可含有约500-约2500ppm重量的高氯酸盐。高氯酸盐可以是例如LiClO4、Ca(ClO4)2、Al(ClO4)3或Ba(ClO4)2。在一些实施方案中,电解质基本上不含LiPF6。
另一方面,本发明的特征在于电化学电池,它包括含铝集电器的阴极、阳极、和含锂盐与高氯酸盐的电解质。电池是原电化学电池。原电化学电池是指仅仅一次放电完毕然后弃置的电池。原电池不是指可再充电的电池。阴极可含有MnO2和阳极可含有锂。电解质可含有至少500ppm重量的高氯酸盐或至少1000、1500或2500ppm重量的高氯酸盐。电解质也可含有小于20000ppm重量的高氯酸盐。高氯酸盐可以是例如LiClO4、Ca(ClO4)2、Al(ClO4)3或Ba(ClO4)2。电解质也可包括LiPF6,例如至少5000ppm重量LiPF6或至少10000ppm重量LiPF6。在其它方面中,本发明基本上不含LiPF6。该电池的壳体可以或者全部或者部分为铝。
另一方面,本发明的特征在于电化学电池,它包括含MnO2的阴极、含锂的阳极、和含约500ppm-约2000ppm高氯酸盐的电解质。高氯酸盐可以是例如LiClO4、Ca(ClO4)2、Al(ClO4)3或Ba(ClO4)2。
另一方面,本发明的特征在于电化学电池,它包括含MnO2的阴极、含锂的阳极、和含高氯酸盐的电解质;该电池是原电化学电池和包括彼此电接触的两片铝。这两片铝可由铝的同一合金制造。
再一方面,本发明的特征在于在原电化学电池中抑制铝的腐蚀的方法。该方法包括:(a)将高氯酸盐加入到电池的电解质中;和(b)将电解质、含Li的阳极、和含MnO2与铝集电器的阴极放置到电池壳体内。高氯酸盐可以是例如LiClO4、Ca(ClO4)2、Al(ClO4)3或Ba(ClO4)2。
在以下的附图和说明中列出了本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节。根据说明书与附图以及根据权利要求,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点是显而易见的。
附图的说明
图1是非水电化学电池的截面图。
图2是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4的LiTFS,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对电势所作的图。
图3是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4的LiTFS,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对时间所作的图。
图4是显示在暴露于含LiClO4的LiTFS,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对时间所作的图。
图5是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4的LiTFS+LiTFSI,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对电势所作的图。
图6是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4的LiTFS+LiTFSI,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对时间所作的图。
图7是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4的LiTFS+LiPF6,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对电势所作的图。
图8是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4的LiTFS+LiPF6,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对时间所作的图。
图9是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4和不同量Al(ClO4)3的LiTFS,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对电势所作的图。
图10是显示在暴露于含不同量LiClO4和不同量Ba(ClO4)2的LiTFS,DME:EC:PC电解质的电极内,铝的电流密度对电势所作的图。
详细说明
参考图1,电化学电池10包括与负极引线14电接触的阳极12,与正极引线18电接触的阴极16,隔离体20和电解质溶液。阳极12、阴极16、隔离体20和电解质溶液容纳在壳体22内。电解质溶液包括溶剂体系和至少部分溶解在该溶剂体系内的盐。
阴极16包括活性阴极材料,该材料经常涂布在阴极集电器上。集电器通常是钛、不锈钢、镍、铝或铝合金,例如铝箔。活性材料可以是例如硫、有机硫聚合物或导电聚合物。具体的实例包括MnO2、V2O5、CoF3、MoS2、FeS2、SOCl2、MoO3、S、(C6H5N)n、(S3N2)n,其中n至少为2。活性材料也可以是单氟化碳。实例是具有分子式CFx的化合物,其中x是0.5-1.0。活性材料可与导电材料如碳和粘合剂如聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)混合。阴极的实例是包括用MnO2涂布的铝箔的阴极。可根据美国专利No.4279972中所述制备阴极。
阳极12可由活性阳极材料组成,其通常为碱金属如Li、Na、K或碱土金属如Ca、Mg的形式。阳极也可由碱金属和碱土金属的合金或碱金属和Al的合金组成。可在有或无基质的情况下使用阳极。阳极也可由活性阳极材料和粘合剂组成。在此情况下,活性阳极材料可包括碳、石墨、乙炔中间相碳、焦炭、金属氧化物和/或锂化金属氧化物。粘合剂可以是例如PTFE。活性阳极材料和粘合剂可混合形成糊剂,可将该糊剂施涂到阳极12的基质上。
隔离体20可由在非水电化学电池中使用的任何标准隔离体材料形成。例如,隔离体20可由聚丙烯(例如非织造聚丙烯或微孔聚丙烯)、聚乙烯和/或聚砜形成。
电解质可以是液体、固体或凝胶(聚合物)形式。电解质可含有有机溶剂如碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、二甲氧基乙烷(DME)、二氧戊环(DO)、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙腈(CH3CN)、γ-丁内酯、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸甲酯乙酯(EMC)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)、醋酸乙酯(MA)、甲酸甲酯(MF)、环丁砜或其组合。电解质可或者含有无机溶剂如SO2或SOCl2。电解质还含有锂盐如三氟甲磺酸锂(LiTFS)或三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂(LiTFSI)或其组合。在美国专利No.5595841中列举了可包括的其余锂盐,在此通过参考将其全文引入。在一些实施方案中,电解质可含有LiPF6;在其他实施方案中,电解质基本上不含LiPF6。电解质还含有高氯酸盐,它抑制电池内的腐蚀。和合适的盐的实例包括高氯酸的锂、钡、钙、铝、钠、钾、镁、铜、锌、铵盐和四丁基铵盐。一般使用至少500ppm重量的高氯酸盐;这确保具有足够的盐抑制腐蚀。另外,通常使用小于约20000重量的高氯酸盐。若使用太多的高氯酸盐,则在使用过程中,在一些条件下电池可能会内部短路。
为了组装电池,隔离体20可切割成类似尺寸的数片作为阳极12和阴极16并如图1所示置于其间。阳极12、阴极16和隔离体20然后放置在壳体22内,该壳体可由金属如镍、镀镍钢、不锈钢或铝或塑料如聚氯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚砜、ABS或聚酰胺制造。然后用电解质溶液填充壳体22并封装。壳体22的一端用盖帽24和环形绝缘垫圈26密封,该环形绝缘垫圈可提供气体密封和流体密封的封装。正极引线18可由铝制造,它将阴极16连接到盖帽24上。盖帽24也可由铝制造。安全阀28位于盖帽24的内部且被构造成降低蓄电池10内的压力,当压力超过某一预定值时。在美国专利Nos.4279972、4401735和4526846中公开了组装电池的其余方法。
也可使用其他蓄电池10的结构,其中包括例如线圈电池结构。蓄电池可具有不同的电压,例如1.5V、3.0V或4.0V。
下述实施例进一步描述本发明,这些实施例不限制权利要求中所述的本发明的范围。
实施例1
在添加LiClO4的情况下,在不同电解质内的Al腐蚀
玻璃电池实验
制造具有Al工作电极、Li参考电极和两个Li辅助电极的电化学玻璃电池。由插入到Teflon套管内以提供0.33cm2平面电极面积的99.99%的Al棒制造工作电极。通过首先在氩气氛围下,用3微米的氧化铝纸抛光平面工作表面,接着在电解质内彻底漂洗Al电极,以除去天然氧化物层。所有实验均在氩气氛围下进行。
循环伏安法
根据在X.Wang等的Electrochemica Acta,vol.45,pp.2677-2684(2000)中概括描述的改性方法进行腐蚀电流测量。通过连续的循环伏安法测定Al的腐蚀电势。在各循环中,最初设定电势为开路电势,然后阳极扫描到+4.5V并返回到开路电势。选择50mV/s的扫描速度,在该速度下获得铝的腐蚀电势的良好再现性。铝的腐蚀电势定义为在第一次循环中,阳极电流密度达到10-5A/cm2时的电势。
计时电流法
根据EP0852072中所述的方法进行腐蚀电流测量。相对于Li参考电极,在各种电势下极化铝电极,同时记录电流对时间的函数。在30分钟的时间段内测量电流作为时间的函数。电流作为时间函数的曲线下的面积用作发生铝的腐蚀量的量度。在30分钟的时间段过去和没有发生腐蚀抑制之前,在电流密度达到3mA/cm2的情况下也可终止该实验。当在10-6A/cm2范围内观察到所得电流密度时发生腐蚀抑制。
参考图2,在含LiTFS和DME:EC:PC的电解质中作出的循环伏安图表明,Al电极的腐蚀电势的显著偏移。向电解质中添加LiClO4使铝的电势向正的方向偏移,这表明腐蚀抑制。
图2中的曲线“a”和“a′”表示在不含LiClO4的电解质中铝的腐蚀电势。向电解质中添加500ppm的LiClO4使铝的电势向正的方向偏移150mV(曲线“b”和“b′”);向电解质中添加1000ppm的LiClO4使电势偏移300mV(曲线“c”和“c′”);和向电解质中添加2500ppm的LiClO4使电势偏移600mV(曲线“d”和“d′”)。这些结果证明,向含LiTFS盐和DME:EC:PC混合物的电解质中添加增加量的LiClO4导致增加程度的铝电极的腐蚀保护。
参考图3,曲线“a”表示暴露于添加有500ppm LiClO4、含LiTFS,DME:EC:PC的电解质的铝电极的恒电势关系曲线(计时电流);曲线“b”表示添加有1000ppm LiClO4的相同电解质内得到的计时电流;曲线“c”表示含有LiTFS,DME:EC:PC和2500ppm的电解质内得到的计时电流。如图3所示,在2500ppm的LiClO4浓度下,在+3.6V下,有效地抑制铝腐蚀(相对于Li参考电极);和在30分钟的测量之后,腐蚀电流小于10-6A/cm2。
参考图4,通过增加LiClO4的浓度到1%(10000ppm),Al稳定性的电化学窗口可扩展至高达+4.2V(相对于Li参考电极)。在1%的LiClO4浓度下,在4.2V下,有效地抑制铝的腐蚀。在30分钟后铝的腐蚀电流为8-10μA/cm2,和电流随时间流逝继续下降。电流下降表明Al表面的钝化。所得电流的增加程度(10μA/cm2相对于30分钟实验之后的1μA/cm2)是由于在这些电势下增加的背景电流导致的,
参考图5,曲线“a”、“a′”和“a″”表示铝电极的腐蚀电势,该铝电极经受含LiTFS和LiTFSI盐、DME:EC:PC的混合物但没有LiClO4的电解质。向该电解质中添加500ppm的LiClO4使铝的腐蚀电势向正的方向偏移150mV(曲线“b”和“b`”);向该电解质中添加1000ppm的LiClO4使电势偏移280mV(曲线“c”和“c′”);和向该电解质中添加2500ppm的LiClO4使电势偏移460mV(曲线“d”和“d′”)。这些结果证明,向含LiTFS和LiTFSI盐以及DME:EC:PC混合物的电解质中添加增加量的LiClO4导致增加程度的铝电极的腐蚀保护。
参考图6,曲线“a”表示暴露于含LiTFS和LiTFSI盐以及DME:EC:PC混合物和1000ppm LiClO4的电解质的铝电极的计时电流;和曲线“b”表示暴露于含2500ppm LiClO4的相同电解质内的铝电极的计时电流。如图5所示,在LiTFS、LiTFSI、DME:EC:PC电解质内,在2500ppm的LiClO4浓度下,在+3.6V下,有效地抑制铝腐蚀;和在30分钟之后,Al电极的所得腐蚀电流为约10-6A/cm2。
参考图7,曲线“a”表示铝的腐蚀电势,其中铝经受含LiTFS和LiPF6盐、DME:EC:PC的混合物但没有LiClO4的电解质。向该电解质中添加500ppm的LiClO4使铝的腐蚀电势向正的方向偏移125mV(曲线“b”);向该电解质中添加2500ppm的LiClO4使电势偏移425mV(曲线“c”);和向该电解质中添加5000ppm的LiClO4使电势偏移635mV(曲线“d”)。这些结果证明,向含LiTFS、LiPF6盐以及DME:EC:PC混合物的电解质中添加增加量的LiClO4导致增加程度的铝电极的腐蚀保护。
参考图8,曲线“a”表示暴露于含LiTFS、LiPF6、DME:EC:PC但不含LiClO4的电解质的铝电极的计时电流;和曲线“b”表示在添加有2500ppm LiClO4的相同电解质内得到的计时电流;和曲线“c”表示在含有LiTFS、LiPF6、DME:EC:PC和5000ppm LiClO4的电解质内得到的计时电流。如图8所示,在5000ppm的LiClO4浓度下,在+3.6V下,有效地抑制铝腐蚀(相对于Li参考电极);和在30分钟的测量之后,腐蚀电流小于10-6A/cm2。
实施例2
在添加不同LiClO4的情况下,在含LiTFS、DME:EC:PC的电解质内的Al腐蚀
如实施例1所述制造电化学玻璃电池。如实施例1所述进行循环伏安法和计时电流法。
参考图9,曲线“a”、“b”和“c”表示分别暴露于含0、1000和2500ppm LiClO4的LiTFS、DME:EC:PC电解质的铝电极的腐蚀电势。曲线“a′”、“b′”和“c′”表示分别暴露于含0、1000和2500ppmAl(ClO4)3的LiTFS、DME:EC:PC电解质的铝电极的腐蚀电势。这些结果证明,添加Al(ClO4)3盐与添加LiClO4盐一样抑制Al的腐蚀。
参考图10,曲线“a”、“b”和“c”表示分别暴露于含0、1000和2500ppm LiClO4的LiTFS、DME:EC:PC电解质的铝电极的腐蚀电势。曲线“a′”、“b′”和“c′”表示分别暴露于含0、1000和2500ppmBa(ClO4)2的LiTFS、DME:EC:PC电解质的铝电极的腐蚀电势。这些结果证明,添加Ba(ClO4)2盐与添加LiClO4盐一样抑制Al的腐蚀。
下表1概述了由于向含LiTFS和DME:EC:PC的电解质中添加LiClO4、Al(ClO4)3和Ba(ClO4)2导致的腐蚀电势偏移。
表1
添加剂 | 腐蚀电势的阳极偏移(mV) | ||
0ppm | 1000ppm | 2500ppm | |
Al(ClO4)3 | 0 | 170 | 450 |
Ba(ClO4)2 | 0 | 170 | 400 |
LiClO4 | 0 | 300 | 600 |
实施例3
在含LiTFS、DME:EC:PC的电解质内的Al腐蚀(小瓶储存试验)
使用下述试验条件:
-电极:施加在Al集电器上的EMD(电化学合成的二氧化锰)基阴极
-电解质(10ml/样品):添加和不添加LiClO4盐的LiTFS、DME:EC:PC
-老化条件:60℃20天
以两种方式之一进行Al腐蚀的直接测定:
-在老化后在电解质内分析测定Al离子(ICP法)
-在老化后直接观察Al表面(光学显微镜)
在具有Al集电器的EMD基阴极老化之后,通过测量在电解质内的Al离子来进行Al腐蚀的测量。表2概述了分析结果(ICP)。
表2
样品 | 电解质 | 储存之后的Al浓度(ppm) |
无 | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC | 1.94±0.20 |
在Al集电器上的EMD基阴极 | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC | 21.55±1.58 |
在Al集电器上的EMD基阴极 | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC+2500ppm LiClO4 | 2.16±0.18 |
在电解质内的Al离子含量表示Al腐蚀的速度。如上所示,在溶液内Al离子的背景含量为约2ppm。正如此处所指的,当在进行以上所述的试验之后,在电解质内金属离子的浓度小于约3ppm(略高于背景含量)时,认为金属的腐蚀受到抑制。
在没有添加LiClO4的情况下,电解质内的Al浓度高(范围为19.4-23ppm)。因此,在所采用的活性阴极材料的电势下,部分Al基质已溶解(腐蚀)。
另一方面,在添加有LiClO4的电解质内储存的样品没有显示出任何腐蚀(在该电解质内所得Al浓度处于1.9-2.3ppm的背景含量下)。这些数据证明在玻璃电池内的电化学测量结果:在EMD阴极的电势下,2500ppmLiClO4完全抑制Al的腐蚀。
通过直接观察老化之后的Al表面(在光学显微镜下,在60X的放大倍数下)证明该分析数据。在不含LiClO4的电解质内储存的电极显示出显著的腐蚀,这从光学显微镜下可观察到。在添加有LiClO4的电解质内储存的部分基本上不显示出腐蚀。
实施例4
与其它金属相连的Al集电器(小瓶储存试验)
在该实验中使用以上所述的在Al基质上的相同阴极。在此情况下,将Al基质焊接到不锈钢(SS)或镍(Ni)的薄片上。表3列出了样品的说明和分析结果。
表3
样品 | 电解质 | Ni(ppm) | Al(ppm) | Fe(ppm) |
无 | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
阴极(带焊接的SS薄片的Al集电器) | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC | <1.0 | 24.4 | 5.3 |
阴极(带焊接的Ni薄片的Al集电器) | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC | 90.9 | 20.5 | <1.0 |
阴极(带焊接的SS薄片的Al集电器) | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC+2500ppm LiClO4 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
阴极(带焊接的Ni薄片的Al集电器) | LiTFS、DME:EC:PC+2500ppm LiClO4 | <1.0 | <1.0 | <1.0 |
在焊接到SS薄片上且在没有添加LiClO4的电解质内储存的样品中观察到最高的腐蚀速度(所得溶液含有着色成锈色的残渣,和SS薄片与Al基质分离)。铁的存在(在所得电解质内5.3ppm的铁离子)表明SS腐蚀以及Al腐蚀的高速度(在所得电解质内24.4ppm的Al)。
在所得电解质(具有焊接的Ni薄片的Al集电器,不含LiClO4的电解质)内高浓度的Ni表明与Al相连的Ni薄片的严重腐蚀(Al同样腐蚀,这通过存在20.5ppm的Al来证明)。
另一方面,在添加有LiClO4的电解质内储存的样品没有显示出任何腐蚀(在电解质内的所得Al、Ni、Fe的浓度在<1ppm的背景含量下)。
实施例5
在含LiTFS、DME:EC:PC和2500ppm LiClO4的电解质内的Al腐蚀(2/3A电池试验)
根据标准方法,采用作为阴极基质施加的Al电流箔,组装具有所研究部件和电解质的电池。
在60℃下储存所组装的电池20天。将储存之后从电池中取出的电解质提交ICP分析。该电解质没有显示出任何痕量的Al、Fe或Ni(浓度在背景含量下)。
实施例6
使用不同铝合金的腐蚀试验(小瓶储存试验)
通过用MnO2涂布铝箔基质(1145 Al),制备两个阴极。将铝箔片(3003 Al)焊接到各阴极的铝箔上。在60℃下将一个阴极在含2500ppm LiClO4的LiTFS、DME:EC:PC电解质内储存20天。在60。C下将二个阴极在不含LiClO4的LiTFS、DME:EC:PC电解质内储存20天。在20天的时间段之后,通过ICP分析电解质。第一个电解质(在该电解质内含2500ppm LiClO4)含有小于1ppm的Al,而第二个电解质(在该电解质内不含LiClO4)含有18ppm的Al。这些结果表明当在电解质存在下,铝的两种不同合金电接触时,存在LiClO4可抑制腐蚀。
在该申请中提及的所有出版物、专利和专利申请在此通过参考引入,其程度就如同所指的各出版物、专利或专利申请具体且独立地通过参考引入一样。
其它实施方案
已描述了本发明的许多实施方案。尽管如此,应当理解,可在不背离本发明的精神与范围的情况下作出许多改性。例如,尽管以上所述的实施例涉及蓄电池,但可使用本发明,抑制在蓄电池以外的体系内的铝腐蚀,其中在所述体系内铝-金属发生连接。其它实施方案在下述权利要求的范围内。
Claims (47)
1.一种电化学电池,它包括阴极、阳极、含铝的集电器、含高氯酸盐和第二种盐的电解质,其中该电化学电池是二次电池,和其中该电解质基本上不含LiPF6。
2.权利要求1的电池,其中电解质含有至少5000ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
3.权利要求2的电池,其中电解质含有至少10000ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
4.一种电化学电池,它包括含MnO2的阴极、含锂的阳极和含高氯酸盐的电解质,其中该电池包括与第二金属表面电接触的铝表面,其中第二金属表面不同于该铝表面。
5.权利要求4的电池,其中第二金属表面是钢表面。
6.权利要求4的电池,其中第二金属表面是不锈钢表面。
7.权利要求4的电池,其中第二金属表面是铝或铝合金表面。
8.权利要求4的电池,其中第二金属表面是镍表面。
9.权利要求4的电池,其中电池包括含铝的阴极集电器。
10.权利要求4的电池,其中电解质含有约500-约2500ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
11.权利要求4的电池,其中高氯酸盐是LiClO4。
12.权利要求4的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ca(ClO4)2。
13.权利要求4的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ba(ClO4)2。
14.权利要求4的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Al(ClO4)3。
15.权利要求4的电池,其中电解质基本上不含LiPF6。
16.权利要求4的电池,其中铝表面是至少一维尺寸大于0.5mm的物体的一部分。
17.权利要求4的电池,其中铝表面是至少一维尺寸大于1mm的物体的一部分。
18.权利要求4的电池,其中铝表面是至少一维尺寸大于2mm的物体的一部分。
19.一种电化学电池,它包括含铝集电器的阴极、阳极和含锂盐与高氯酸盐的电解质,其中该电池是原电化学电池。
20.权利要求19的电池,其中阴极含有MnO2。
21.权利要求19的电池,其中阳极含有锂。
22.权利要求19的电池,其中电解质含有至少500ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
23.权利要求19的电池,其中电解质含有至少1000ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
24.权利要求19的电池,其中电解质含有至少1500ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
25.权利要求19的电池,其中电解质含有至少2500ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
26.权利要求19的电池,其中电解质含有小于20000ppm重量的高氯酸盐。
27.权利要求19的电池,其中高氯酸盐是LiClO4。
28.权利要求19的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ca(ClO4)2。
29.权利要求19的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ba(ClO4)2。
30.权利要求19的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Al(ClO4)3。
31.权利要求19的电池,其中电池包括含铝的壳体。
32.权利要求31的电池,其中壳体基本上由铝组成。
33.权利要求19的电池,其中电解质进一步包括LiPF6。
34.权利要求33的电池,其中电解质含有至少5000ppm重量LiPF6。
35.权利要求34的电池,其中电解质含有至少10000ppm重量LiPF6。
36.权利要求19的电池,其中电解质基本上不含LiPF6。
37.一种电化学电池,它包括含MnO2的阴极、含锂的阳极、铝表面和含约500ppm-约2000ppm重量高氯酸盐的电解质。
38.权利要求37的电池,其中高氯酸盐是LiClO4。
39.权利要求37的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ca(ClO4)2。
40.权利要求37的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ba(ClO4)2。
41.权利要求37的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Al(ClO4)3。
42.一种电化学电池,它包括含MnO2的阴极、含锂的阳极,和含高氯酸盐的电解质,其中该电池是原电化学电池,和其中该电池包括彼此电接触的两片铝。
43.一种抑制电化学电池内铝腐蚀的方法,该方法包括:
(a)将高氯酸盐加入到电解质内;和
(b)将该电解质、含Li的阳极和含MnO2的阴极以及铝集电器放置在电池壳体内,形成电池,其中电池是原电化学电池。
44.权利要求43的电池,其中高氯酸盐是LiClO4。
45.权利要求43的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ca(ClO4)2。
46.权利要求43的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Ba(ClO4)2。
47.权利要求43的电池,其中高氯酸盐是Al(ClO4)3。
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- 2002-12-11 WO PCT/US2002/039652 patent/WO2003052845A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2002-12-12 AR ARP020104824A patent/AR038015A1/es unknown
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2003
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2004
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2008
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2012
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN107534182A (zh) * | 2015-02-25 | 2018-01-02 | 固态能源系统公司 | 用于高压锂离子电池的电解质体系 |
US10615457B2 (en) | 2015-02-25 | 2020-04-07 | Ses Holdings Pte. Ltd. | Electrolyte system for high voltage lithium ion battery |
CN107534182B (zh) * | 2015-02-25 | 2020-11-10 | 麻省固能控股有限公司 | 用于高压锂离子电池的电解质体系 |
Also Published As
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US20030113622A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
EP1527488A2 (en) | 2005-05-04 |
WO2003052845A2 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
EP2204869A2 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
AU2002360562A8 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
EP1527488B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
BR0214896A (pt) | 2006-05-30 |
CN1320674C (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
AR038015A1 (es) | 2004-12-22 |
EP2204869A3 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
EP1527488B2 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
JP4623965B2 (ja) | 2011-02-02 |
US20050089760A1 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
US20030124421A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
EP2204869B1 (en) | 2012-05-23 |
US7927739B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
US20080261110A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
WO2003052845A3 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
JP2005538498A (ja) | 2005-12-15 |
US20120096708A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
AU2002360562A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
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