CN1220613A - 医疗用弹力分送装置 - Google Patents

医疗用弹力分送装置 Download PDF

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CN1220613A
CN1220613A CN97195179A CN97195179A CN1220613A CN 1220613 A CN1220613 A CN 1220613A CN 97195179 A CN97195179 A CN 97195179A CN 97195179 A CN97195179 A CN 97195179A CN 1220613 A CN1220613 A CN 1220613A
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T·E·维斯顿
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    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/20—Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61M5/20—Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
    • A61M2005/2006—Having specific accessories
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    • A61M5/20—Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
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    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/31—Details
    • A61M2005/3103—Leak prevention means for distal end of syringes, i.e. syringe end for mounting a needle
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M5/31—Details
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    • A61M2005/3118—Means preventing contamination of the medicament compartment of a syringe via the distal end of a syringe, i.e. syringe end for mounting a needle cannula
    • A61M2005/312—Means preventing contamination of the medicament compartment of a syringe via the distal end of a syringe, i.e. syringe end for mounting a needle cannula comprising sealing means, e.g. severable caps, to be removed prior to injection by, e.g. tearing or twisting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178—Syringes
    • A61M5/20—Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
    • A61M5/2053—Media being expelled from injector by pressurised fluid or vacuum

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Abstract

一种分送装置,譬如无针头注射器,它包括提供能量储存的弹簧,和可移动分送构件,以在弹簧力的作用下有效的输送。一锁定块,具有第一位置,在该位置它限制分送构件的运动,以及第二位置,在该位置它允许这种运动。一个由使用者操作的触发装置,它可将锁定块从第一位置移动到第二位置。一个安全装置是在分送构件内适当形状的槽,它在本装置被安装完毕前有效的阻止锁定块移动到第二位置。

Description

医疗用弹力分送装置
本发明与分送装置有关，它用弹簧推动分送构件输送一剂量的液体，粉未或颗粒之类的药剂。该弹簧，例如，可以是机械弹簧，如金属簧；或是压缩气体弹簧，如压缩空气。
这种分送装置的一个实例是无针头注射器。尤其是，不同类型的无针头注射器在国际专利公布第WO93/03779和WO95/03844号中有描述；它们均以本申请人的名义发表。本发明将参考无针头注射器进行详细描述，但是应理解，它同样适用于其它类型的弹力分送装置。
在上述国际专利公布中描述的那类弹力无针头位射器，在使用之前，其弹簧在分送构件上持续施加一个力，同时，为阻止分送构件在弹簧力作用下的移动，提供一种限制装置。实际上，无针头注射器的注射动作是推动注射器进入一种状态，在该状态下该限制装置不再具有限制效力，从而允许分送构件的移动。
但是，组装这种装置存在一个潜在问题，如果这种装置容易被使用者操作的话，它就容易，或至少可能在制造过程中这种装置会意外地被发射。这不仅是不经济的，同时也对有关人员的安全造成危害。本发明的目的就是提供克服这个问题的装置。
根据本发明，所提供的分送或送物品的装置包括弹簧，它提供能量储存；一个可移动的分送构件，以在弹簧力的作用下有效地输送；锁定装置，它具有第一位置，在该位置，它阻止分送构件的运动，以及第二位置，在该位置上它允许这种运动；可由使用者操作的触发装置，以便将锁定装置从上述第一位置移到上述第二位置；以及一个安全装置，可在装置安装完毕之前有效地防止锁定装置向第二位置的移动。
在本发明的优选实施例中，下文将作更详细描述，安全装置与锁定装置相配合，从而具有一安全位置，在此位置触发装置不能将它移到第二位置；它还具有一个非安全位置，在此位置它可被移动到第二位置。
参考附图，现将进一步描述本发明。其中：
图1是据本发明的无针头注射器的实施例的纵向剖视图，所显示的注射器处在使用前，其锁定块位于安全位置；
图1a显示用在图1中的放大的锁定块；以及
图2a、2b和2c示意地显示图1和图1a实施例的部分，依次处于3个阶段，即锁定块在安全位置；锁定块在发射前的非安全位置；以及锁定块在发射期间所处的位置。
在图1的实施例中，注射力由压缩气体弹簧提供。这是以气筒130形式，其上端是封闭的并含有气体，典型地是空气，气体处于范围从5.5MPa(800Psi)到20.7MPa(3000Psi)的压力之下。气筒容纳推杆111。，推杆111的端部具有截头锥体部分131和凸台132，位于它们之间的是0形密封圈133。在使用前，推杆111由在推杆凹槽内接合的锁定块108固定在图示位置，凹槽的上表面形成推杆的靠模表面109。锁定块108按放大比例显示于图1a中。在图1所显示的位置上，锁定块不能向左移动，因为它紧靠在套筒102的内壁上。
气筒130的下端有一向外伸出的凸缘130a，通过将凸缘130a卷曲在连接套140上端的向外的凸台140a下面，可将气筒固定。套筒102由气筒位于其内的上套筒部分102a和下套筒部分102b形成。套管部分102b通过分别形成在套管部分102b和连接套140的内，外壁上的螺纹141连接到连接套上。
注射器包括药剂管103，它有活塞104，活塞104可滑动并密封地位于其内且与药剂105接触。如果从图1的上端观察，该活塞可包含一圆柱形部分，一较大直径的圆柱形密封部分，和一个截头圆锥部分，例如，下文涉及的专利号PCT/GB96/00551的图1中所示。药剂管103有一喷孔106。喷孔106由弹性密封件134密封，该密封件由密封托135固定。密封托135通过易断个连接部136与下套筒部分102b相连。
为防止意外的发射，撕裂带137设置为下套筒部分102b的下部。撕裂带137的下边缘紧靠在环142上，而该环被连接到连接套140的外表面上，或(未显示)与其形成整体。该环的作用是，只要撕裂带137存在，即阻止套管部分102a相对于连接套140向下移动。相应地，环142不需完全环绕着连接套的周边延伸，并可由一个或多个元件代替。
环状空间138形成在套筒102内壁中，在套管与气筒130相邻的地方。该空间用缓冲油脂填满(图示中顺序的黑条)从而，油脂与套筒102和气筒130直接接触。应注意，尽管被确定的环状空间从为油脂提供特定位置上看是方便的，然而它可被省忽略，油脂可仅涂敷在整个或部分气筒130外侧上和/或套筒102内侧上。
当图1的实施例要被使用时，使用者在易断连接部136上折断密封托135，随之取下密封件134，露出喷孔106。然后使用者除去撕裂带137，并抓住套筒102的上部，将喷孔紧靠待注射的物体(例如使用者自己的皮肤)，相对下套筒部分102b向下推动上套筒部分102a。这使得在上套筒部分102a壁上的开口139与锁紧块108对正，气筒130内的气体的力通过形成在推杆111的靠模表面109作用于锁定块上，使之侧向地移入开口内，从而导致注射器的发射。作为一种预防措施，如果锁定块在靠模表面109的作用下没有移动，还有一个辅助的靠模表面143形成在套管部分102a的内侧，由缓冲油脂缓冲形成的反弹。
仅作为举例的方式，下面是图1实施例典型尺寸：
气体气筒外径和滑动套筒内径之间的直径径间隙    0.05mm
横断面积(即油脂的横截面)大约                  375mm2
油脂粘度                                      2.2千泊
                                              (Kilopoise)
推杆冲击时的动量                              0.06kg.m/s
套筒部分102a的质量                            1.3g
推杆的质量                                    2.5g
推杆和活塞之间的冲击间隙                      4mm
气压                                          6.2MPa
气体气筒孔径                                  5.0mm
在油脂已被认为是一种优选的缓冲介质，而使用空气或油质缓冲装置，通常是缸体和活塞的组合，即称之为“缓冲器”，在其中，流体物质经节流流动，由此阻尼运动，也可获得相似的结果。其它粘滞阻尼方法是使用一个叶片，或多个叶片，在缓冲介质例如空气中旋转，如果适用的话，可以在特殊应用场合中使用这些方法。缓冲油脂的效果和目的在我们待审的国际申请号PCT/GB96/00551中有更详细的讨论。
应当理解，对于无针头注射器或者甚至是任何在其中储存有能量的注射器来说，不应过早的发射是重要的。一旦上述装置已组装到了撕裂带137已存在的地步，那么直至它被卸除前，该装置不能发射。但是，在纽装该装置时有一个潜在的问题，其中，待组装的倒数第二个构件是上套筒部分102a，它携带撕裂带137(最后被组装的构件是药剂管1(B)，除非套筒部分102a安装到位，意外的发射是可能的。
装配过程中的意外发射是确实可能的。首先，在上套筒部分102a安装以前紧接着有一个阶段，在该阶段，被部分安装好的装置有一段隔离期以检查气体的泄漏。其次，在上套筒部分102a安装期间，该装置将受到各种力和来自于安装设备的振动。甚至在上套筒部分102a安装后，安装药剂管所产生的装配应力足以引起意外的发射，尽管撕裂带137存在。
为解决这一问题，本装置具有一个安全装置。在图示的实施例中，这是由形成在推杆内的槽所提供的，它不仅带有靠模表面109，也带有锁定表面109a，它沿垂直于推杆轴向的方向伸展，并位于靠模表面109径向向内的位置。为能使靠模表面109和锁定表面109a的结合以按照预期的方式使用，上套筒部分102a的成形有一开口144，该开口延伸过一区域，该开口在装置被发射前与锁定块108的距推杆槽较远的一端对正。
安全装置的操作方式可从图2a、2b和2c中看出。当锁定块和推杆开始相互配合时，锁定块所占据的位置如图2a所示，这就是安全位置。在这里，接合推杆的锁紧部108a受锁紧部109a的作用。摩擦力保证锁定块与锁紧表面的保持接触；一般，推杆施加的力至少200N，因此锁定块被固定在钳形夹中。
一旦装置已经安装，特别是安装完毕后，且至少达到上套筒部分102a就位的程度，通过开口144插入一个工具，沿图中箭头P的方向推动锁定块进入图2b(和图1)所示位置。在这个位置上，接合推杆的锁紧部位108a与靠模表面109的径向内端保持接触。因此，当装置按上述方式操纵时，它能发射，且锁定块移到如图2c所示的位置。

Claims (10)

1．分送材料或物品的装置，它包括提供能量储存的弹簧，一可移动的分送构件，以在弹簧力的作用下有效的输送；锁定装置，它具有第一位置，在该位置上它限制分送构件的运动；和第二位置，在该位置上它允许这种运动；使用者操作的触发装置，以将锁定装置从上述第一位置移动到上述第二位置；以及一安全装置，以便在整个装置安装完毕之前有效地阻止锁定装置移动到上述第二位置。
2．根据权利要求1的装置，其中，由具有一安全位置锁定装置提供安全装置，在该安全位置触发装置不能将其移动到第二位置。
3．根据权利要求2的装置，其中，分送构件有一对形成在其内的锁紧连接表面，锁定装置处在它的安全位置时，它与其中之一的该表面接合，当处在它的上述第一位置时，它与另一该表面接合。
4．根据权利要求3的装置，其中，分送构件有一槽，从其外表面延伸入其中，该槽部分地由上述一对表面确定。
5．根据权利要求3或4的装置，其中，上述一个表面大体垂直于分送构件预定的运动方向，而上述另一个表面倾斜于上述的运动方向，以便分送构件沿上述方向的运动对锁定装置施加力并在锁定装置处在上述第一位置时，把它朝上述第二位置推动。
6．根据权利要求2至5的任一权利要求的装置，它具有一外壳，围绕该分送构件和该锁定装置，该外壳具有在该锁定装置的区域内的开口，，开口形成通道以允许工具插入外壳的内部并使锁定装置从它的安全位置移动到它的上述第一位置。
7．根据上述任一权利要求的装置，它为无针头注射器的形式。
8．根据权利要求7的装置，它包括含有待注射液体的腔，，在其一端形成一个输出喷孔，以及在腔内的一可移动的活塞，以通过输出喷孔排出上述液体，当锁定装置在上述第一位置时，分送构件与活塞间隔；当锁定装置移到上述第二位置时，该构件冲击活塞使其有效的移动。
9．根据上述任一权利要求的装置，其中，该弹簧是气体弹簧。
10．根据权利要求1至8的任一权利要求的装置，其中，该弹簧是机械弹簧。
CN97195179A 1996-04-11 1997-03-21 医疗用弹力分送装置 Pending CN1220613A (zh)

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GBGB9607549.4A GB9607549D0 (en) 1996-04-11 1996-04-11 Spring-powered dispensing device
GB9607549.4 1996-04-11

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PL329187A1 (en) 1999-03-15
WO1997037705A1 (en) 1997-10-16
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IS4859A (is) 1998-10-06
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ID16590A (id) 1997-10-16
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CA2251256A1 (en) 1997-10-16
SK139398A3 (en) 1999-03-12
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YU43598A (sh) 1999-09-27
ZA973011B (en) 1998-05-25
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TR199802021T2 (xx) 1999-01-18
AU2038797A (en) 1997-10-29
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ATE231402T1 (de) 2003-02-15
RU2171119C2 (ru) 2001-07-27

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