CN1125221A - 具有药理效果的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物 - Google Patents
具有药理效果的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物,其制备方法和这类化合物作为药物活性成分的用途。
Description
本发明涉及1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物、其制备方法和这类化合物作为药物活性成分的用途。
慢性和非慢性病痛的治疗在医学上具有极大的重要性。这反映在许多出版物中。例如,从EP176049可知1-萘基-3-氨基丙-1-醇具有止痛麻醉效果。J.Pharm.Sci.59,1038(1970)和J.Prakt.Chem.323,793(1981)叙述了具有γ-氨基基团的仲醇和叔醇;Chem.Abstr.54,20936c(1960)和Chem.Abstr.63.6912e(1965)叙述了含有对位取代苯基基团的苯基-二甲氨基丙醇。这些化合物也具有止痛性能。相反,DE3242922中叙述的含有2个苯基基团的3-二甲氨基丙-1-醇类则具有抗抑制效果。J.Pharm.Sci57,1487(1968)中所述的1-苯基-丙-1-醇类具有不同的药理效果,取决于γ-氨杂环。
类阿片尽管会产生一系列副作用,例如上瘾和依赖性、呼吸阻抑、胃肠抑制以及顽固便秘等,但它们多年来一直作治疗疼痛的止痛药。因此,它们只能在一个较长的时间周期或较高的剂量给药,还必须有特殊的预防措施,如特殊的规定条例(参见:Goodman,Gilman:“Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics”,Pergamon出版社,纽约(1990)。
盐酸曲马多(Tramadol)-(1RS,2RS)-2-[(二甲氨基)甲基]-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)环己醇盐酸盐-在起中心作用的止痛药中具有特殊的地位,因为这种活性成分对疼痛会产生显著的抑制作用,而没有对类阿片而言是已知的副作用(I.Pharmacol.Exptl.Ther.267,331(1993)。曲马多是一种外消旋体,由等量的(+)和(-)对映体构成。活性成分在活体内形成代谢物O-脱甲基曲马多,它同样以对映体的混合物形式存在。研究表明,曲马多的对映体和曲马多代谢物的对映体都具有止痛效果(J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.260,275(1992))。
本发明的根本目的是开发具有止痛效果的物质,这类物质适用于治疗严重疼痛而不会产生类阿片通常所具有的副作用。本发明的目的也在于所开发的这类物质必须无副作用,例如在某些情况下用曲马多治疗时所产生的恶心和呕吐。
已经发现,某些1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物能满足对要开发的这类物质所提出的严格要求。这类物质的特点是其镇痛效果与曲马多相比明显提高。
X代表OH、F、Cl、H或OCOR6基团,其中R6是C1-3烷基,
R1是C1-4烷基,
R2代表H或C1-4烷基,R3代表H或直链的C1-4烷基,或者R2和R3一起构成C4-7环烷基,
当R5是H时,R4代表间位的O-Z,其中Z是H、C1-3烷基,PO(OC1-4烷基)2、CO(OC1-5烷基)、CONH-C6H4-(C1-3烷基)或CO-C6H4-R7,其中R7是邻位的-OCOC1-3烷基或者间位或对位的-CH2N(R8)2,这里R8是C1-4烷基或4-吗啉代,或者R4代表间位的-S-C1-3烷基、间位-Cl、间位-F或间位-CR9R10R11,这里R9、R10和R11代表H或F,邻位的OH,邻位的-O-C2-3烷基,对位的F或对位的CR9R10R11,或者
当R5代表对位的-Cl、-F、-OH或-O-C1-3烷基时,R4代表间位的-Cl、-F、-OH或-O-C1-3烷基,或者
R4和R5-起代表3,4-OCH=CH-或3,4-OCH=CHO-。
各基团按如下定义的式I化合物是优选的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物:X代表OH、F、Cl、或H,R1代表C1-4烷基,R2代表H或CH3,R3代表H或CH3,当R5是H时,R4代表间位的-OC1-3烷基、-OH、-S-C1-3烷基、-F、-Cl、-CH3、-CF2H或-CF3,或对位的-CF3,或者
当R5是对位的-Cl或对位的-F时,R4代表间位的Cl或间位的F,或者
R4和R5一起代表3,4-OCH=CH-。
本发明也涉及制备其中变量X代表OH的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使式II的β-二甲氨基酮与式III的有机金属化合物反应,以生成X=OH的式I化合物:式III中Z代表MgCl、MgBr、MgI或Li。
β-二甲氨基酮与式III的格式试剂(式中Z代表MgCl;MgBr或MgI)或与式III的有机锂化合物的反应可在脂族醚中,例如在二乙醚和/或四氢呋喃中在-70—+60℃之间的温度下进行。式III的有机锂化合物可通过式III的化合物(式中Z代表Cl、Br或I)与正丁基锂在例如己烷中的溶液反应用锂取代卤素而制得。式II的β-二甲氨基酮可由通式IV的酮:与二甲胺盐酸盐和甲醛在冰醋酸或C1-4烷基醇中反应,或用乙酰氯作催化剂在乙腈中与二甲氨基氯乙烷反应而制得(Synthesis 1973,703)。
当式II的β-二甲氨基酮(式中可变基团R2和R3具有不同的意义)与式III的有机金属化合物反应时就得到具有相对式Ia构型的式Ia的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物:式中X和二甲氨基基团彼此以对映体关系配置。相反,如果制备1-苯基-1-羟基-3-氨基丙烷的反应是按DD124521所述方法进行的,即如果式V的β-氨基酮:是与烷基格氏试剂R1MgHal反应,则会生成具有相对构型Ib的化合物:式中OH基和二甲氨基基团彼此以叠同关系配置。
其中R4和/或R5是OH基的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物可由相应的1-(4(5)-甲氧基苯基)-3-二甲氨基丙醇化合物在芳族烃类,如甲苯中,在60-130℃的温度下用氢化二异丁基铝进行选择性醚裂解反应来制备(Synthesis 1975,617)。
本发明也涉及制备其中X代表H的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使其中X代表Cl的式I化合物与氢硼化锌、氰基氢硼化锌和/或氰基氢硼化锡反应。
该反应通常在溶剂中,例如在二乙醚和/或四氢呋喃中,在0-30℃进行。
其中X是H,R4和/或R5是OH基的式I化合物可由相应的甲氧基苯基化合物与浓氢溴酸-起加热数小时而制备(Chem.Rev.54,615(1954);J.Am.Chem.Soc.74,1316(1952))。
本发明还涉及制备其中X代表F的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使其中X代表OH的式I化合物与二甲氨基三氟化硫在溶剂中进行反应。
适用的溶剂包括二氯甲烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷和/或甲苯。该反应通常在-50℃—+30℃的温度下进行(Org.React.35,513(1988))。如果使用X=OH,R4和/或R5是OH基的式I化合物,则必须先将这些OH基保护起来,然后才能与含氟化合物反应,例如可通过与苯甲酰氯反应来保护。
本发明也涉及制备其中X代表Cl的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使其中X代表OH的式I化合物与硫酰氯反应。
该反应通常在0-20℃的温度,在没有溶剂的条件下进行。可以用Cl取代OH,而同时保持其构型。
本发明也涉及制备其中X代表OCOR6基团(R6是C1-3烷基)的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使其中X代表OH的式I化合物与酰氯Cl-COOR6反应。
该反应较好在溶剂中,例如在二氯甲烷、甲苯和/或四氢呋喃中,在-10℃—+30℃的温度下进行。
其中R5是H,R4是间位的磷酸酯基、碳酸酯基、氨基甲酸酯基或羧酸酯基的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物可通过使相应的式I的1-(3-羟基苯基)-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的碱金属盐与氯磷酸二烷基酯的碱金属盐、与氯甲酸烷酯、与异氰酸芳基酯或与羧酰基氯反应制得。这些反应通常在溶剂中,例如在甲苯、二氯甲烷、乙醚和/或四氢呋喃中,在-15℃—+110℃的温度下进行(Drugs of the Future 16,443(1991);J.Med.Chem.30,2008(1987)和32,2503(1989);J.Org.Chem.43,4797(1978);Tetrahedron Lett.1977,1571;J.Pharm.Sci.57.774(1968))。
式I的化合物可按本技术中已知的方法用生理上可配伍的酸,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、甲磺酸、甲酸、乙酸、草酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸、富马酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、谷氨酸和/或天冬氨酸转化成其盐。盐的生成较好在溶剂中,例如在乙醚、二异丙醚、乙酸烷基酯、丙酮和/或2-丁酮中进行。此外,三甲基氯硅烷的水溶液适用于制备盐酸盐。
从毒理学上看式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物是无害的,因此这类化合物适于用作药剂中的药物活性成分。
因此,本发明也涉及式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物作为药物活性成分的用途。
式I的化合物较好是用来治疗疼痛。
本发明的镇静剂除含有至少一种式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物外,还可含有载体、填料、溶剂、稀释剂、着色剂和/或粘结剂。辅助物质及其用量的选择取决于给药方式,如口服、静脉内、皮内、肌内、鼻内或局部给药,例如对于皮肤、粘膜或眼睛感染。片剂、糖衣丸、胶囊、粒剂、滴剂、液剂和浆剂均适于口服给药。溶液、悬浮液、易复原的干制剂和喷雾剂等适于非经肠的、局部的和吸入给药。按照本发明的式I化合物在溶解形式中或在斑点中的沉积,选择性地加上促进皮肤渗透的手段,就成为适合于经皮给药的制剂。可以口服或经皮给药的制剂形式可以实现本发明式I化合物的延迟释放。
给病人服用的活性成分的量依病人的体重、给药方式、病情的严重程度和指征的不同而改变。通常的给药量为50-500mg/kg至少一种式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物。
实例
所制备的化合物的收率未经优化。
所有温度均未校正。
除非另有指明,否则所用石油醚的沸点为50-70℃。“醚”一词是指乙醚。
用E.Merck(Darmnstadt)公司生产的硅胶60(0.040-0.063mm)作为柱色谱的固定相。
用E.Merck(Darmstadt)公司生产的预制硅胶60F254 HPTLC板进行薄层色谱研究。
外消旋物的分离在Chiracel柱中进行。所有色谱研究用的流动相的混合物比例均以体积/体积表示。
RT表示室温,m.p.表示熔点。
将溶解于400ml无水四氢呋喃中的207.63g(1.11摩尔)3-溴茴香醚溶液逐滴加入到26.99g(1.11摩尔)镁屑和1.50ml无水四氢呋喃的混合物中,使反应混合物慢慢沸腾。在加完3-溴茴香醚后,将混合物加热回流1小时,然后冷却至5-10℃。在此温度下加入溶解在400ml四氢呋喃中的128.30g(0.89摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮。让反应混合物静置过夜,然后再冷却至5-10℃。加入300ml 20%氯化铵溶液使格氏溶液分解。反应混合物用400ml乙醚稀释,分离出有机相,水相用250ml乙醚萃取2次。合并后的有机相用硫酸钠干燥。通过蒸馏除去溶剂后,将残留物(212g)收集在3200ml2-丁酮中,并加入到由120.60g(1.11摩尔)三甲基氯硅烷和20ml水组成的混合物中。在4-5℃结晶出121.5g熔点为198-199℃的盐酸盐(1)(理论产率的38%)。
实例2(1)的对映体:
(-)-(2S,3S)-1-二甲氨基-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(-1),和
(+)-(2R,3R)-1-二甲氨基-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(+1)。
用二氯甲烷/氢氧化钠溶液使碱从(1)中释出。该溶液经干燥后在真空下蒸出二氯甲烷。然后在手性HPLC柱上分离外消旋物。从在2-丁酮中与三甲基氯硅烷/水反应而得到的对映体制得熔点为150-151℃的盐酸盐。
(-1):产率:理论的42%。
[α]D RT=-31.8°(c=0.99;甲醇)
(+1):产率:理论的41%
[α]D RT=+33.0°(c=0.96:甲醇)。
实例3
(2RS,3RS)-3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1-二甲氨基-2-二甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(2)
与实例1相似,从15g(105毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、35.5g(157毫摩尔)4-溴-1,2-二氯苯和3.8g(157毫摩尔)镁屑制备39g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×40cm柱上并用4∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到14.9g碱,在2-丁酮/二异丙醚中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到11.2g熔点为183-184℃的盐酸盐(2)(理论产率的31%)。
(2RS,3RS)-3-(3-异丙氧苯基)-1-二甲氨基-2-二甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(3)
与实例1相似,从14.3g(100毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、20.0g(157毫摩尔)1-溴-3-异丙氧基苯和2.79g(115毫摩尔)镁屑制备25g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×40cm柱上并用15∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到9.0g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到8.3g熔点为133-134℃的盐酸盐(3)(理论产率的26%)。实例5
(2RS,3RS)-3-(3-氯苯基)-1-二甲氨基-2-二甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(4)
按实例1所述条件,从38.0g(270毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、74.7g(390毫摩尔)1-溴-3-氯苯和9.50g(390毫摩尔)镁屑制备63g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×45cm柱上并用7∶1的二异丙醚/甲醇洗脱。得到12.8g碱,在2-丁酮/醚中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到10.8g熔点为160-162℃的盐酸盐(4)(理论产率的14%)。
(2RS,3RS)-1-二甲氨基-2-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲基苯基)-戊-3-醇盐酸盐(5)
按实例1所述条件,从14.3g(100毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、29.3g(130毫摩尔)1-溴-3-三氟甲基苯和3.2g(130毫摩尔)镁屑制备21.2g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的6×40cm柱上并用10∶1的二异丙醚/甲醇洗脱。得到9.1g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到7.8g熔点为189-190℃的盐酸盐(5)(理论产率的18.5%)。
实例7
(2RS,3RS)-1-二甲氨基-2-甲基-3-(3-间甲苯基)-戊-3-醇盐酸盐(6)
按实例1方法,从47.3g(330毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、64.6g(400毫摩尔)3-溴甲苯和9.72g(400毫摩尔)镁屑制备75g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×50cm柱上并用7∶1的二异丙醚/甲醇洗脱。得到24.3g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到21.5g熔点为154-155℃的盐酸盐(6)(理论产率的24%)。实例8
(2RS,3RS)-1-二甲氨基-3-(3-氟苯基)-2-甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(7)
按实例1所述条件,从54.0g(380毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、82.5g(470毫摩尔)1-溴-3-氯苯和9.23g(470毫摩尔)镁屑制备70g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×50cm柱上并用1∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到13.0g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到11.2g熔点为145-146℃的盐酸盐(7)(理论产率的11.5%)。实例9
(2RS,3RS)-3-(3-二氟甲基苯基)-1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(8)
将7.0g(34毫摩尔)按Org.React.35,513(1988)方法从3-溴苯甲醛和三氟化二乙氨基硫(溶于二氯甲烷中)制得的1-溴-3-二氟甲基苯溶解于110ml无水四氢呋喃中并冷却至-75℃。加入21.12ml(34毫摩尔)1.6M正丁基锂己烷溶液,然后在-75℃将该混合物搅拌1小时。然后逐滴加入由4.8g(34毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-醇溶于15ml无水四氢呋喃而形成的溶液。在2.5小时内将反应混合物加温至室温。
进行后处理时可逐滴加入65ml 5%盐酸,并用冰浴冷却,使内部温度不超过15℃。相分离之后,有机相用40ml 5%盐酸萃取。合并后的水相用50ml醚洗涤两次。为使碱释出,可将该混合物加入到氢氧化钠浓溶液中,并用二氯甲烷萃取。用这种方法得到7.8g粗产品,将其引入到装有硅胶的7×40cm柱上。用1∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱得到4.89g碱。在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理得到4.6g熔点为194-195℃的盐酸盐(8)(理论产率的44%)。
(2RS,3RS)-1-二甲氨基-2-甲基-3-(3-甲磺酰基苯基)-戊-3-醇盐酸盐(9)
按实例1所述条件从17.6g(123毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、25.0g(123毫摩尔)1-溴-3-甲磺酰基苯和3.0g(123毫摩尔)镁屑制得38g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×40cm柱上并用10∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到8.35g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到7.2g熔点为159-160℃的盐酸盐(9)(理论产率的19%)。
(2RS,3RS)-3-苯并呋喃-6-基-1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-醇盐酸盐(10)
在1.5小时内将溶解于60ml无水乙醚中的3.45g(18毫摩尔)6-溴苯并呋喃(按EP 355827制备)和6ml 1,2-二溴乙烷滴加到放在30ml无水乙醚中的2,12g(87毫摩尔)镁屑中;加完后将该混合物加热回流30分钟。然后在1.5小时内滴加由2.5g(18毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮溶于7.5ml乙醚所形成的溶液,同时用冰浴冷却,以维持内部温度5-10℃。让反应混合物在室温下静置12小时,然后再冷却到5-10℃,并加入到35ml20%氯化铵水溶液中。相分离后,水相用50ml乙醚萃取2次。合并后的有机相用硫酸钠干燥。蒸馏除去溶剂后将残留物引入到装有硅胶的5×16cm柱上。用7∶1的二异丙醚/甲醇洗脱,得到0.95g碱。在乙酸乙酯/2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到0.82g熔点为162℃盐酸盐(10)(理论产率的15.5%)。
(2RS,3RS)-1-二甲氨基-2-甲基-3-(4-三氟甲基苯基)-戊-3-醇盐酸盐(11)
按实例1的方法从20g(140毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-酮、31.5g(140毫摩尔)1-溴-4-三氟甲基苯、16.5g(680毫摩尔)镁屑和47ml 1,2-二溴乙烷制得44g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×50cm柱上并用5∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到16.4g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到12.3g熔点为170-171℃的盐酸盐(11)(理论产率的27%)。
实例13
(3RS)-1-二甲氨基-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-己-3-醇盐酸盐(12)
按实例1的方法从10g(70毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-己-3-酮、18.7g(100毫摩尔)1-溴-3-甲氧基苯和2.3g(100毫摩尔)镁屑制得18.5g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的6×50cm柱上,并用1∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到6.84g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到6.15g熔点为179-180℃的盐酸盐(12)(理论产率的32%)。
实例14
(3RS)-1-二甲氨基-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-庚-3-醇盐酸盐(13)
按实例1所述方法从10g(64毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-庚-3-酮、15.9g(157毫摩尔)1-溴-3-甲氧基苯和2.06g(85毫摩尔)镁屑制得17.3g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的6×40cm柱上,并用乙酸乙酯洗脱。得到5.4g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到4.1g熔点为150℃的盐酸盐(13)(理论产率的21%)。
实例15
(3RS)-1-二甲氨基-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-4,4-二甲基-戊-3-醇盐酸盐(14)
按实例1所述方法从18.6g(118毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基-4,4-二甲基戊-3-酮、28.4g(152毫摩尔)1-溴-3-甲氧基苯和3.7g(152毫摩尔)镁屑制得37g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×40cm柱上,并用5∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到2.2g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到1.8g熔点为213℃的盐酸盐(14)(理论产率的5%)。
(2RS,3RS)-4-二甲氨基-2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-3-甲基丁-3-醇盐酸盐(15)
按实例1所述方法从5.3g(41毫摩尔)4-二甲氨基-3-甲基丁-3-酮、23.0g(123毫摩尔)1-溴-3-甲氧基苯和3.0g(123毫摩尔)镁屑制得21g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的4.5×27cm柱上,并用4∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到4.0g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到3.6g熔点为124℃的盐酸盐(15)(理论产率的32%)。实例17
(15)的对映体:
(-)-(2S,3S)-4-二甲氨基-2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-3-甲基丁-3-醇盐酸盐(-15),和
(+)-(2R,3R)-4-二甲氨基-2-(3-甲氧基苯基)-3-甲基丁-3-醇盐酸盐(+15)。
用二氯甲烷/氢氧化钠溶液使碱从盐酸盐(15)(按实施例16制备的)中释出。经干燥后蒸馏除去二氯甲烷。然后在手性HPLC柱上将外消旋物分离成对映体。在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该对映体,得到其盐酸盐。
(-15):产率:理论的41%
m.p.:117-118℃
[α]D RT=-38.6°(c=1.05;甲醇)
(+15):产率:理论的41%
m.p.:118-119℃
(2RS,3RS)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-1-羟基-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(16)
用二氯甲烷/氢氧化钠溶液使碱从化合物(1)(按实例1制备)中释出。该溶液干燥后通过蒸馏除去二氯甲烷。将4.3g(17毫摩尔)碱溶解于25ml无水甲苯中并缓慢地将其滴加到71ml(85毫摩尔)1.2M氢化二异丁基铝的甲苯溶液中。加完之后,将混合物加热回流8小时,然后冷却至室温。反应混合物用25ml甲苯稀释。先后滴加9.4ml乙醇和9.4ml水,同时用冰浴冷却。在冰浴冷却下搅拌1小时后过滤除去铝盐,残留物用甲苯洗涤3次,每次用50ml。然后将合并的有机相干燥,并通过蒸馏除去甲苯。在丙酮中用盐酸水溶液处理该碱,得到3.95g熔点为213-214℃的盐酸盐(16)(理论产率的85%)。实例19
(16)的对映体:
(-)(2S,3S)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-1-羟基-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(-16)
和
(+)(2S,3S)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-1-羟基-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(+16)。
按实例2所述条件制备对映体(-16)和(+16)。
(-16):产率:理论的85%
m.p.:208-209℃
[α]D RT=-34.6°(c=0.98;甲醇);
(+16):产率:理论的85%
m.p.:206-207℃
(1RS,2RS)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-羟基-1,2-二甲基丙基)苯酚盐酸盐(17)
按实例18所述条件从实例16得到的甲氧基化合物(15)制备化合物(17)。
产率:理论的85%
m.p.:232℃
实例21
(17)的对映体:
(-)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-羟基-1,2-二甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(-17),和
(+)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-羟基-1,2-二甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(+17)。
按实例2所述条件制备对映体(-17)和(+17)。
(-17):产率:理论的82%
m.p.:204-205℃
[α]D RT=-42.0°(c=0.94:甲醇):
(+17):产率:理论的83%
m.p.:204-205℃
[α]D RT=+41.2°(c=1.01;甲醇)。
实例22
(+)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-苄氧基苯基)-1-二甲氨基-2-甲基戊-3-醇(+19)
用二氯甲烷/氢氧化钠溶液使该碱从实例19制得的对映体(+16)中释出,使溶液干燥后通过蒸馏除去二氯甲烷。将5.3g(22毫摩尔)碱溶于27ml无水二甲基甲酰胺中,并分成若干份加入到1.2g50%氢化钠中。在加入2.8ml(24毫摩尔)苄基氯后将该混合物在70℃加热3小时。然后使反应混合物冷却至室温并倒入到冰/水混合物中。用70ml(每次)乙醚萃取三次。用硫酸钠干燥合并后的有机相,蒸出溶剂,残留物引入到装有硅胶的4.5×30cm柱上。用二异丙醚/甲醇洗脱,得到6.8g浅黄色高粘度油状的碱(+19)(理论产率的92%)。
(+)-(2R,3R)-[3-(3-苄氧基苯基)-3-氟-2-甲基戊基]-二甲胺(+20)
将溶解在80ml二氯甲烷的6.8g(21毫摩尔)化合物(+19)在-20℃滴加到3.7g(23毫摩尔)三氟化二乙氨基硫在30ml无水二氯甲烷和溶液中。滴加完毕后,在此温度下将混合物搅拌30分钟,然后加温至室温。在室温下再搅拌1小时后使混合物冷却至0-5℃,并用50ml水进行水解。相分离后,水相用50ml二氯甲烷萃取2次。将合并后的有机相干燥,并在真空下蒸馏除去溶剂。得到的粗混合物(8.04g)引入到装有硅胶的6×50cm柱上,并用1∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到3.04g浅黄色粘稠油状的碱(+20)(理论产率的40%)。
第三步:
(+)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-1-氟-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(+18)
将3.0g(91毫摩尔)(+20)溶解在15ml无水甲醇中,并加入到装有0.44g载于活性炭上的钯(10% Pd)的加氢反应器中。在室温下搅拌3小时后消耗215ml氢气。过滤除去催化剂、甲醇通过蒸馏除去。得到2.22g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷处理该碱,得到2.0g盐酸盐(+18)(理论产率的79%)。
m.p.:174-176℃
[α]D RT=+29.5°(c=1.08;甲醇)
实例23
(-)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-1-氟-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(-18)
按实例22所述条件由实例19得到的对映体(-16)制得对映体(-18),其产率为理论的29%。
m.p.:170-172℃
(+)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(+21)
第一步:
(+)-(2R,3R)-[3-氯-3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基戊基]-二甲胺盐酸盐(+22)
在室温下将10g(35毫摩尔)按实例2制备的(+1)加入到10ml亚硫酰氯中。随后在反应物上通氨2小时以除去过量的亚硫酰氯。重新加入10ml亚硫酰氯后让反应混合物静置12小时,然后再通氮2.5小时除去过量的亚硫酰氯。干燥后将残留物溶解在10ml冰冷的2-丁酮中,在搅拌下先后与200ml乙醚和140ml二异丙醚混合。将上层溶剂相倾出,剩下的油层再溶于10ml 2-丁酮中。在添加晶种后,滴加300ml二异丙醚,同时猛烈搅拌3小时以上,此时结晶出盐酸盐。得到9.8g(+22)(理论的91%)。
m.p.:120℃(分解)
[α]D RT=+24.7°(c=1.01;甲醇)。
(+)-(2R,3R)-[3-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基戊基]-二甲胺盐酸盐(+23)
46g经干燥的氯化锌溶于580ml无水乙醚中,然后滴加到31g硼氢化钠在1800ml乙醚的浆液中。搅拌12小时后从所得到的硼氢化锌悬浮液中倾析出500ml,并滴加到含有9.8g(32毫摩尔)(+22)的200ml无水乙醚中。在室温下将反应混合物搅拌72小时,然后在冰浴冷却下滴加到40ml饱和氯化铵溶液中。相分离后,醚相用饱和食盐水洗涤两次:用硫酸钠干燥后在真空下蒸出溶剂。得到7.3g胺-甲硼烷配合物,再将其溶于100ml无水甲醇中以离析出游离碱。加入7.5g三苯膦后将混合物加热回流18小时。通过蒸馏除去溶剂后残留物加入到100ml 5%的盐酸中,然后用50ml乙醚洗涤盐酸相2次。然后用氢氧化钠浓溶液使盐酸相变成碱性,同时用冰浴冷却,并用50ml二氯甲烷进行溶剂萃取2次。合并后的有机相用硫酸镁干燥后,在真空下蒸出溶剂,残留物(5.2g)收集在2-丁酮中。加入三甲基氯硅烷/水之后结晶出4.3g盐酸盐(+23)(理论的50%)。
m.p.:163-164℃
[α]D RT=+25.2°(c=0.95;甲醇)。
第三步
(+)-(1R,2R)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(+21)
将步骤2得到的4.3g(15毫摩尔)(+23)加入到100ml浓盐酸中。然后将该混合物加热回流2小时,冷却至室温后在水泵产生的真空下使混合物浓缩。残留物用碳酸氢钠浓溶液处理直至得到碱性反应为止。用二氯甲烷萃取2次(每次用50ml)后,合并的有机相用硫酸钠干燥。然后在真空下蒸出二氯甲烷,残留物(4g)收集在2-丁酮中。加入三甲基氯硅烷/水之后,结晶出3.8g盐酸盐(+21)(理论的98%)。
m.p.:194-196℃
[α]D RT=+24.5°(c=1.10;甲醇)。实例25
(-)-(1S,2S)-3-(3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-2-甲基丙基)-苯酚盐酸盐(-21)
按实例24所述条件从实例2制备的(-1)制得对映体(-21),产率为45%。
m.p.:168-170℃
[α]D RT=-27.5°(c=0.97;甲醇)。
实例26
(+)-(1R,2R)-乙酸-3-二甲氨基-1-乙基-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基丙基酯盐酸盐(+24)
用二氯甲烷/氢氧化钠溶液使碱从按实例2制备的对映体(+1)中释出。将该溶液干燥后通过蒸馏除去二氯甲烷。在冰浴冷却下将3.0g(39毫摩尔)乙酰氯滴加到收集在150ml无水二氯甲烷中的所得到的10g(35毫摩尔)碱中。滴加完乙酰氯后,将混合物温热至室温,搅拌2小时后与100ml饱和碳酸氢钠溶液混合。有机相与水相分离,水相用50ml二氯甲烷萃取2次。将有机相合并后用硫酸钠干燥。蒸馏除去溶剂后,得到13.4g粗混合物,在2-丁酮/乙酸乙酯中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理得到10.7g盐酸盐(+24)(理论的93%)。
m.p.:153℃
[α]D RT=-17.3°(c=1.04;甲醇)。
(1RS)-1-(1-二甲氨基甲基-环己基)-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-丙-1-醇盐酸盐(25)
(1RS)-1-(1-二甲氨基甲基-环己基)-(3-甲氧基苯基)-甲醇盐酸盐(26)
按实例1所述条件,从25g(150毫摩尔)1-二甲氨基甲基-环己烷甲醛、32.9g(180毫摩尔)1-溴-3-甲氧基苯和4.3g(180毫摩尔)镁屑制得44g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的7×40cm柱上,并用4∶1的二异丙醚/甲醇洗脱。得到38g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到40g熔点为235℃的盐酸盐(26)(理论的85%)。
第二步:
(1RS)-(1-二甲氨基甲基-环己基)-(3-甲氧基苯基)-甲酮盐酸盐(27)
用二氯甲烷/氢氧化钠溶液使碱从(26)中释出,该溶液经干燥后通过蒸馏除去二氯甲烷。将8.3g(30毫摩尔)碱溶于30ml正己烷中并滴加到由吸附在中性氧化铝上的95g氯铬酸吡啶鎓(按Synthesis1980,223方法制备)组成的悬浮物中。在室温下搅拌72小时后将反应混合物与120ml二氯甲烷混合,再搅拌2小时,然后通过30g氧化铝过滤。过滤后的残留物用50ml二氯甲烷和乙醚(在每种情况下)用倾析法洗涤3次。有机相与滤液合并,通过蒸馏除去溶剂。得到的残留物收集在60ml 2N氢氧化钠溶液中并用乙酸乙酯萃取4次,每次用20ml。将合并后的有机相干燥后,通过蒸馏除去溶剂。得到4.8g粗混合物,将其引入到装有硅胶的6×30cm柱上,并先用乙酸乙酯、再用9∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇、最后用4∶1的乙酸乙酯/甲醇洗脱。得到3.8g碱,在2-丁酮中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到3.1g熔点为174℃的盐酸盐(27)(理论的33%)。
第三步:
(1RS)-1-(1-二甲氨基甲基-环己基)-1-(3-甲氧基苯基)-丙-1-醇盐酸盐(25)
按实例1所述条件,用乙醚作溶剂从2.8g(10毫摩尔)碱形式的(27)、1.4g(13毫摩尔)溴乙烷和0.32g(13毫摩尔)镁屑制得3.0g粗混合物。将该混合物引入到装有硅胶的3×20cm柱上,并用19∶1二异丙醚/甲醇洗脱。得到2.1g碱,在2-丁酮/乙酸乙酯中用三甲基氯硅烷/水处理该碱,得到1.9g熔点为230℃的盐酸盐(25)(理论的55%)。实例28
(-)-(2R,3S)-{3[3-(对异丙基-苯基-氨基甲酰基)-氧-苯基]-2-甲基戊基-二甲胺盐酸盐(-28)
用二氯甲烷/氢氧化钠溶液使碱从按实例24制备的对映体(+21)中释出,使该溶液干燥后通过蒸馏除去二氯甲烷。将所得到的2.2g(10毫摩尔)碱溶于20ml无水甲苯中,并与1.8g(11毫摩尔)异氰酸4-异丙基苯基酯混合。在室温下搅拌20小时后通过蒸馏除去甲苯。残留物在乙酯正丙酯中与三甲基氯硅烷/水反应生成3.2g盐酸盐(-28)(理论的76%)。
m.p.:151-152℃
[α]D RT=-5.2°(c=1.11;甲醇)。
药理实验
对小鼠的扭动(Writhing)试验
按照本发明的化合物的镇痛效果用对小鼠进行的苯基苯醌诱发的扭动试验来研究,该试验是按照I.C.Hendershot,J.Forsaith在J.Pharmacol.Exptl.Ther.125,237(1959)中所述方法改进的。本试验使用体重为25-30g的雄性小鼠。对每种剂量的物质,各用10只动物,在口服给药本发明的化合物后30分钟,每只小鼠通过腹膜内给药0.3ml 0.02%苯基苯醌水溶液(苯基苯并苯醌由Sigma公司(Deisenhofen)生产;通过添加5%乙醇并保持在45℃水浴上而制成的溶液)。然后将这些小鼠分别关在观察笼中。用按钮计数器记录由疼痛诱发的伸展运动(扭动反应=随后腿的伸展身体变直)的次数。与只服用苯基苯醌的平行试验小鼠相比,从扭动反应中剂量依赖的减少,用95%的置信界限通过回归分析(由Martens EDV-Service,Eckental提供的评估程序)计算出ED50值(50%抑制扭动反应的有效剂量)。
所有进行试验的本发明的化合物都显示出显著的镇痛效果。结果汇总于下表中。表:扭动抑制
实例 | 本发明的化合物 | ED50[mg/kg口服] | 25mg/kg,口服时的抑制% |
12234567891011131516171819192021212224 | (1)(-1)(+1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(12)(14)(15)(+15)(16)(-16)(+16)(17)(-17)(+17)(+18)(+21) | 5.822.31.113.215.58.311.827.312.912.812.919.910.53.816.11.015.71.9 | -81.3-95.2-100.0-87.0-58.3-97.2 |
Claims (10)
X代表OH、F、Cl、H或OCOR6基团,其中R6是C1-3烷基,
R1是C1-4烷基,
R2代表H或C1-4烷基,R3代表H或直链的C1-4烷基,或者R2和R3一起构成C4-7环烷基,
当R5是H时,R4代表间位的O-Z,其中Z是H、C1-3烷基,PO(OC1-4烷基)2、CO(OC1-5烷基)、CONH-C6H4-(C1-3烷基)或CO-C6H4-R7,其中R7是邻位的-OCOC1-3烷基或者间位或对位的-CH2N(R8)2,这里R8是C1-4烷基或4-吗啉代,或者R4代表间位的-S-C1-3烷基、间位-Cl、间位-F或间位-CR9R10R11,这里R9、R10和R11代表H或F,邻位的OH,邻位的-O-C2-3烷基,对位的F或对位的CR9R10R11,或者
当R5代表对位的-Cl、-F、-OH或-O-C1-3烷基时,R4代表间位的-Cl、-F、-OH或-O-C1-3烷基,或者
R4和R5一起代表3,4-OCH=CH-或3,4-OCH=CHO-。
2.按照权利要求1的化合物,其特征在于X代表OH、F、Cl或H,R1代表C1-4烷基,R2代表H或CH3,R3代表H或CH3,
当R5是H时,R4代表间位的OC1-3烷基、间位-OH、间位-S-C1-3烷基、间位-F、间位-Cl、间位-CH3、间位-CF2H、间位-CF3或对位-CF3,或当R5是对位-Cl时或对位-F时,R4代表间位-Cl或间位-F,或
R4和R5一起代表3,4-OCH=CH-。
5.制备按照权利要求1-3的X=H的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使X代表Cl的式I化合物与硼氢化锌、氰基硼氢化锌和/或氰基硼氢化锡反应。
6.制备按照权利要求1-3的X=F的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使X代表OH的式I化合物与三氟化二甲氨基硫在溶剂中反应。
7.制备按照权利要求1-3的X=Cl的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使X代表OH的式I化合物与亚硫酰氯反应。
8.制备按照权利要求1-3的式I(式中X代表OCOR6基团,其中R6是C1-3烷基)的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的方法,其特征在于使X代表OH的式I化合物与酰氯Cl-COOR6反应。
9.按照权利要求1-3的式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物作为药物活性成分的用途。
10.含有作为活性成分的按照权利要求1-3的至少一种式I的1-苯基-3-二甲氨基丙烷化合物的镇痛剂。
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