CN111212799A - 用于传送物体的机器以及与其一起使用的多隔间转盘 - Google Patents

用于传送物体的机器以及与其一起使用的多隔间转盘 Download PDF

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CN111212799A
CN111212799A CN201880066756.2A CN201880066756A CN111212799A CN 111212799 A CN111212799 A CN 111212799A CN 201880066756 A CN201880066756 A CN 201880066756A CN 111212799 A CN111212799 A CN 111212799A
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turntable
boom
shuttle
gripper
objects
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CN111212799B (zh
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马克·约瑟夫·皮瓦茨
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Fastbrick IP Pty Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/74Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
    • B65G47/80Turntables carrying articles or materials to be transferred, e.g. combined with ploughs or scrapers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J5/00Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
    • B25J5/02Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages travelling along a guideway
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/0009Constructional details, e.g. manipulator supports, bases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/02Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors
    • B65G47/04Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/02Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors
    • B65G47/04Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles
    • B65G47/06Devices for feeding articles or materials to conveyors for feeding articles from a single group of articles arranged in orderly pattern, e.g. workpieces in magazines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G47/00Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
    • B65G47/74Feeding, transfer, or discharging devices of particular kinds or types
    • B65G47/90Devices for picking-up and depositing articles or materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G49/00Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for
    • B65G49/05Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for fragile or damageable materials or articles
    • B65G49/08Conveying systems characterised by their application for specified purposes not otherwise provided for for fragile or damageable materials or articles for ceramic mouldings
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/22Tools or apparatus for setting building elements with mortar, e.g. bricklaying machines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J5/00Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
    • B25J5/02Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages travelling along a guideway
    • B25J5/04Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages travelling along a guideway wherein the guideway is also moved, e.g. travelling crane bridge type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2812/00Indexing codes relating to the kind or type of conveyors
    • B65G2812/01Conveyors composed of several types of conveyors
    • B65G2812/012Conveyors composed of several types of conveyors for conveying material successively by a series of conveyors
    • B65G2812/014Conveyors composed of several types of conveyors for conveying material successively by a series of conveyors with relative movement between conveyors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65GTRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G2812/00Indexing codes relating to the kind or type of conveyors
    • B65G2812/01Conveyors composed of several types of conveyors
    • B65G2812/012Conveyors composed of several types of conveyors for conveying material successively by a series of conveyors
    • B65G2812/014Conveyors composed of several types of conveyors for conveying material successively by a series of conveyors with relative movement between conveyors
    • B65G2812/015Conveyors composed of several types of conveyors for conveying material successively by a series of conveyors with relative movement between conveyors the conveyors being movably linked

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Specific Conveyance Elements (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于传送物体的机器,包括:底座;转台,其安装到底座以绕轴线旋转,该转台包括转台安装轨道和转台穿梭机,该转台穿梭机具有用来夹取物体的夹取器,该转台穿梭机安装在转台安装轨道上;吊杆,其安装到转台,由此转台的旋转使吊杆绕轴线径向扫过,吊杆包括沿其延伸的吊杆安装轨道和吊杆穿梭机,吊杆穿梭机具有用来夹取物体的夹取器,吊杆穿梭机安装到吊杆安装轨道;以及转盘,其位于底座附近,围绕转台延伸并可绕轴线旋转,转盘具有多个物体隔间,该转盘可控制地绕轴线旋转,以将任何物体隔间定位在转台安装轨道附近,用于在物体隔间和转台穿梭机之间传输物体。

Description

用于传送物体的机器以及与其一起使用的多隔间转盘
优先权文件
本申请要求2017年10月11日提交的且标题为“Carousel with object locatingbays for buffering in a conveying operation,and carousel with object locatingbays and a turret and boom associated therewith”的澳大利亚临时申请第2017904110号的优先权,该临时申请的内容以其整体通过引用结合于此。
发明背景
本发明涉及用于执行操作的机器以及在这种机器中对物体和材料的传送。本发明特别适合于用于添加构造的自动化设备。
现有技术描述
在本说明书中,对任何在先公开(或者来源于其的信息)或者对任何已知材料的引用,不是且不应当被认为是对在先公开(或者来源于其的信息)或者已知材料形成了本说明书致力涉及的领域中的公知常识的一部分的认可或承认或任何形式的暗示。
在本说明书中,“砖块(brick)”一词旨在包含在建筑物或墙壁或类似物的建造过程中待放置的任何建筑元件,例如砖块或块体。此外,可以预见,除砖块以外的物品的传送也在本发明的考虑之内。
申请人已经描述了一种用于传送物体的机器,该机器结合到自动砌砖机器中,该自动砌砖机器是国际专利申请PCT/AU2017/050730的主题。用于传送物体(例如砖块)的吊杆(boom)被支撑在转台(该转台安装到底座)上。转台可绕竖直轴线旋转,以便吊杆可绕底座径向扫过。吊杆包括至少一个穿梭机(shuttle),穿梭机定位于沿吊杆延伸的轨道上。穿梭机具有一个夹取器(以下称为“吊杆穿梭机夹取器”),用于夹取和沿吊杆传送物体。在吊杆具有伸缩吊杆元件的情况下,在吊杆的每个元件中的轨道上有一个穿梭机(即,在主吊杆元件中有一个穿梭机,在每个伸缩元件中有一个穿梭机),并且物体从一个穿梭机传递到另一个穿梭机,以沿着吊杆将物体移出。
转台具有带有夹取器(以下称为“转台穿梭机夹取器”)的穿梭机,夹取器夹取物体并且安装在竖直延伸的轨道上,使得物体可以从其所置于的转台底部的地方沿转台向上呈送到安装在带有水平轴线的枢转轴上的枢转夹取器。枢转夹取器可绕其水平轴线旋转,以与转台穿梭机夹取器对齐,以接收来自转台穿梭机夹取器的物体,并旋转以与吊杆穿梭机夹取器对齐,进而将物体从转台传输到吊杆。
当转台相对于底座旋转时,带有其转台穿梭机的竖直延伸的轨道也随之旋转。这导致了设置转盘,该转盘位于转台的底座周围,并可围绕该底座旋转,从而可以将物体放置在转盘上,并且转盘旋转到正确的角度位置,以将物体呈送于转台穿梭机。在PCT/AU2017/050730中描述的转盘具有夹取器(以下称为“转盘夹取器”),物体被置于该夹取器中并被夹取。夹取器围绕水平枢转轴线安装到转盘,该水平枢转轴线径向朝向转台的底座,以便可以围绕水平轴线枢转的转盘将物体(砖块)向上并朝向转台旋转,以将其呈送并使其被转台穿梭机夹取器夹取。
应该注意,术语水平和竖直是相对的。如果上述布置在零重力条件下部署在空间中,用于将物体从一个位置沿着吊杆向外移动到另一个位置,则特定定向是否竖直便是无意义的。
在一种用于将物体从底座运输并沿伸缩吊杆运输出去的布置中,可能有一系列物体被置于转盘上并沿吊杆被传输出去。在物体彼此不同的情况下,例如在形状和构造方面不同的情况下,其中它们以特定的顺序呈送来组装结构,如果其中一个物体在被置于转台穿梭机上之后发生损坏,这可能需要将物体从吊杆或者甚至伸缩杆(telescoping stick)上倒回到转盘上,并因此被堆叠,从而可以提供已损坏物体的替换物,然后已堆叠的物体以正确的顺序返回到转盘和吊杆,以便继续操作。
在这种布置中提供改进的实用性将是有利的。
正是在这种背景以及与之相关的问题和困难下,已经研发了本发明。
发明内容
在一种广泛的形式中,本发明的一个方面寻求提供一种用于传送物体的机器,该机器包括:
a)底座;
b)转台,其安装到底座,以绕轴线旋转,该转台包括:
i)转台安装轨道,其在底座和靠近吊杆安装的位置之间延伸;和
ii)带有用于夹取物体的夹取器的转台穿梭机,该转台穿梭机安装在转台安装轨道上;
c)吊杆,其在远离底座的位置安装到转台,该吊杆远离转台延伸,由此转台的旋转使吊杆绕轴线径向扫过,该吊杆包括:
i)吊杆安装轨道,其沿吊杆延伸;和
ii)吊杆穿梭机,其具有用于夹取物体的夹取器,吊杆穿梭机安装到吊杆安装轨道,以沿该轨道进行受控移动,其中当转台穿梭机和吊杆穿梭机位于吊杆安装附近时,物体可以在转台穿梭机和吊杆穿梭机之间传输;和
d)转盘,其位于底座附近,围绕转台延伸并可围绕轴线旋转,该转盘具有多个可放置物体的物体隔间(object bay),该转盘可围绕轴线可控地旋转,以将任何物体隔间定位在转台安装轨道附近,用于在物体隔间和转台穿梭机之间传输物体。
在一个实施例中,每个物体隔间包括用于夹取物体的夹取器。
在一个实施例中,该机器包括装载夹取器,该装载夹取器被布置成在底座上相对于转台的预定位置处将物体装载到任何一个物体隔间中。如有必要,转盘然后将旋转,以将相关的物体隔间与转台安装轨道对齐,以便转台穿梭机的夹取器能够从物体隔间拾取物体。
在一个实施例中,转台穿梭机夹取器设置有偏置枢转轴,以使转台穿梭机夹取器朝向任何一个物体隔间径向向外旋转,在该位置,转台穿梭机夹取器可以在将转台穿梭机夹取器和被夹取的物体旋转到沿着转台的轴向延伸范围延伸的位置之前夹取物体,在转台穿梭机夹取器的沿着转台的轴向延伸范围延伸的该位置,转台穿梭机夹取器可以将物体传输到吊杆。
在一个实施例中,吊杆绕横向于轴线延伸的吊杆安装轴线安装到转台,以允许吊杆旋转,以便调节吊杆的俯仰。当转台旋转时,其中轴线是竖直的,吊杆将径向水平扫动,且横轴将是水平的,以允许吊杆围绕横轴弧形地上升和下降。
在一个实施例中,传输夹取器绕吊杆安装轴线可旋转地定位,并被对准以从转台穿梭机夹取器接收物体,并将物体传输到吊杆穿梭机,以便沿着吊杆传送出去。
在一个实施例中,吊杆具有伸缩吊杆元件,其中每个伸缩吊杆元件具有沿其延伸的伸缩吊杆元件安装轨道以及具有用来夹取物体的夹取器的穿梭机,穿梭机安装在伸缩吊杆元件安装轨道上,以沿其进行受控运动。
在一个实施例中,吊杆具有可枢转地安装在其远端的杆,该杆具有沿其延伸的杆安装轨道和杆穿梭机,该杆穿梭机具有用来夹取物体的夹取器,该杆穿梭机安装在杆安装轨道上,以沿其进行受控运动。
在一个实施例中,杆具有伸缩杆元件,其中每个伸缩杆元件具有沿其延伸的伸缩杆元件安装轨道和穿梭机,该穿梭机具有用来夹取物体的夹取器,穿梭机安装在伸缩杆元件安装轨道上,以沿其进行受控运动。
在一个实施例中,转盘上的物体隔间的数量等于或大于机器中的穿梭机的数量。穿梭机的数量可包括转台穿梭机、吊杆穿梭机和杆穿梭机(如果存在的话)。
在一个实施例中,转盘安装到转台,以便可以与其一起旋转,同时也可以相对于转台可控地旋转。
在一个实施例中,物体是块体。
在一个实施例中,块体的大小和/或构型是可变的。
在另一种广泛的形式中,本发明的一个方面寻求提供一种用于在传送系统中使用的转盘,该传送系统包括在装配线中承载多个物体的传送机,该转盘位于传送机附近并具有多个物体隔间,物体可位于该物体隔间中,该转盘可围绕轴线可控地旋转,以将任何物体隔间定位在机器人夹取器附近,用于在物体隔间和传送机之间受控地传输物体。
在一个实施例中,每个物体隔间包括用于夹取物体的夹取器。
在一个实施例中,物体通过转盘从装载夹取器传输到传送机。
在一个实施例中,装载夹取器被配置成将物体装载到任何一个物体隔间中,并且机器人夹取器被配置成将物体从转盘卸载到传送机,并且可选地将物体重新装载到任何一个物体隔间中。
在另一种广泛的形式中,本发明的一个方面寻求提供一种用于传送物体的机器,该机器具有底座,该底座具有安装到所述底座以绕轴线旋转的转台,所述转台具有在远离所述底座的位置处安装到所述转台的吊杆,所述吊杆远离所述转台延伸,其中所述转台的旋转使所述吊杆绕所述轴线径向扫过;所述转台具有在所述底座和所述位置之间延伸的转台安装轨道以及转台穿梭机,该转台穿梭机具有用来夹取物体的夹取器,所述转台穿梭机安装在所述转台安装轨道上;所述吊杆具有沿其延伸的吊杆安装轨道和吊杆穿梭机,该吊杆穿梭机具有用于夹取物体的夹取器,所述吊杆穿梭机安装在所述吊杆安装轨道上,以沿其进行受控运动;其中当所述转台穿梭机和所述吊杆穿梭机位于所述位置附近时,物体可以在它们之间传输;所述机器具有位于所述底座附近的转盘,该转盘围绕所述转台延伸,并且还可围绕所述轴线旋转;其中所述转盘具有多个物体隔间,在物体隔间中可以放置物体,所述转盘可控制地绕所述轴线旋转,以将任何所述物体隔间定位在所述转台安装轨道附近,进而在所述物体隔间和所述转台穿梭机之间传输物体。
在又一种更广泛的形式中,本发明的一个方面寻求在装配线中运送多个物体的传送机中提供一种转盘,该转盘位于所述传送机附近,所述转盘具有多个物体隔间,物体可位于该物体隔间中,所述转盘可围绕所述轴线可控地旋转,以将任何所述物体隔间定位在机器人夹取器附近,以在所述物体隔间和所述传送机之间受控地传输物体。这些物体可以在装配线中的传送机上被运送。在对到达转盘之前的物体的处理需要一些时间的情况下,转盘充当缓冲区(buffer),继续派送先前放置的物体用于下游处理。
在一个实施例中,转盘与所述传送机相交,并且提供装载夹取器,该装载夹取器被布置成将物体装载到所述物体隔间中的任何一个中,并且所述机器人夹取器可以将物体从所述转盘卸载到所述传送机,并且可选地将所述物体重新装载到所述物体隔间中的任何一个中。如有必要,转盘可以旋转,以将装载有所需物体的物体隔间对准,因此所需物体可以由所述机器人夹取器装载到所述传送机上。
应了解,本发明的广泛形式及其相应的特征可以结合使用、可互换及/或独立使用,并且对单独的广泛形式的引用并非意在进行限制。
附图简述
现在将参考附图,描述本发明的示例,其中:
图1是在一个实施例中使用的带有末端执行器的臂的示意性侧视图;
图2是图1中所示的臂的一部分的示意性侧视细节图;
图3是穿过图1中所示的臂的一部分的示意性横截面图;
图4是根据一个实施例的传送机的一部分的细节的示意性侧视图;
图5A是在传送机中使用的转台的透视图,其中转台穿梭机径向向外延伸;
图5B是图5A的转台的透视图,其中转台穿梭机沿着转台的轴向延伸范围延伸;
图6是传送机中使用的多隔间转盘的透视图,
图7至图14是一系列侧视图,示出了运行中的传送机的一部分的细节;
图15是被示出了将物体放置到多隔间转盘上的搬运机器人的一个示例的透视图;而且,
图16是自动砌砖机器的侧视图,该自动砌砖机器具有用于将砖块传输到末端执行器的传送机。
优选实施方案的详述
该实施例是一种传送系统,其具有用于在供应线中使用的多隔间转盘11,在该供应线中,零件被从卸载和初始加工转移到附加制造过程中进行进一步加工。转盘11的所设想用于的特定应用是在自动砌砖机器中。转盘11被置于对砖块进行卸载和切割以及碾磨操作之间的位置,并且被运输到末端执行器15,在那里砖块被胶粘并铺设。
自动砌砖机器人机器300的示例在图16中示出。砌砖机器具有:卡车形式的底座310,该底座310具有支撑在竖直偏转轴线上的塔(或转台)25形式的转台;和铰接臂,该铰接臂具有绕水平俯仰轴线支撑在塔25上的伸缩吊杆17,该臂可以围绕该水平俯仰轴线上升或下降。吊杆17具有伸缩杆和末端执行器15,伸缩杆围绕水平枢转轴线安装在吊杆17的端部,末端执行器15为粘合剂涂敷及砌砖头43的形式,安装到杆的远端。砖块被储存在卡车的储存区域中,并且传送机将砖块从卡车13经由转盘、转台和臂传送到粘合剂涂敷及砌砖头43。
砖块在吊杆内运输,吊杆为可折合伸缩臂的形式,总体上用17表示。吊杆17具有伸缩吊杆元件19和21,伸缩吊杆元件19和21由伺服马达驱动以受控的方式相对于彼此伸缩。吊杆元件19的近端23围绕水平轴线27安装到转台25,允许吊杆17在竖直平面内上升和下降。
在吊杆元件21的远端29,包括伸缩杆元件31、33和35的伸缩杆组件围绕水平轴线37安装。伸缩杆元件31、33和35可以由伺服马达驱动以受控方式相对于彼此伸缩。吊杆和末端执行器的实施例的进一步细节在图1中示出。在杆元件35的远端39处,粘合剂涂敷及砌砖头43围绕水平轴线41安装以进行枢转运动。粘合剂涂敷及砌砖头43具有连接到其上的末端执行器15。末端执行器15具有底座45、机器人臂47和用于接收夹取和放置砖块13的夹取器49。底座45可以使机器人臂47围绕水平轴线51旋转,并且该臂既可以围绕水平轴线53枢转,又可以在位于底座45中的托架中沿着臂的轴向长度滑动,以便实现对夹取器49的精确定位。粘合剂涂敷及砌砖头43在致动器的控制下绕其轴线41旋转,被控制成使得底座45的轴线51保持水平。
伸缩吊杆元件19具有沿着吊杆元件19的底部延伸的轨道55。该轨道支撑穿梭机57,该穿梭机57具有用于夹取砖块61的夹取器59。穿梭机57可以穿过轨道55的长度,直到穿梭机57到达吊杆元件21。伸缩吊杆元件21也具有轨道63,该轨道63沿吊杆元件21的顶部延伸。轨道63支撑穿梭机65,该穿梭机65具有用于夹取砖块69的夹取器67。穿梭机65可以穿过轨道63的整个长度,直到穿梭机65到达杆元件31。
伸缩杆元件31具有沿着杆元件31的顶部延伸的轨道71。轨道71支撑具有夹取器75的穿梭机73,夹取器75用于夹取砖块77。穿梭机73可以穿过轨道71的长度,直到穿梭机73到达杆元件33。伸缩杆元件33具有沿着杆元件33的底部延伸的轨道79。轨道79支撑穿梭机81,该穿梭机81具有用于夹取砖块85的夹取器83。穿梭机81可以穿过轨道79的长度,直到穿梭机81到达杆元件35。伸缩杆元件35具有沿着杆元件35的顶部延伸的轨道87。轨道87支撑穿梭机89,该穿梭机89带有用于夹取砖块93的夹取器91。穿梭机89可以穿过轨道87的长度,直到穿梭机89到达粘合剂涂敷及砌砖头43。
穿梭机可以在其各自的吊杆或杆元件内沿着轨道移动,以沿着可折合伸缩臂移动砖块。如图2所示,在伸缩元件会合的地方,穿梭机可以会合使它们的夹取器重合,以允许砖块从一个穿梭机传递到下一个穿梭机。以这种方式,砖块从一个穿梭机传递到另一个穿梭机,以沿着可折合伸缩臂17将物体移出。
转台25安装到底座95,并可绕竖直轴线97旋转,从而可折合伸缩臂17可绕底座95径向扫过。
转台25具有带有夹取器103的穿梭机101,夹取器103夹取砖块,并安装在竖直延伸的轨道104上,这样物体可以从它被置于转台25底部的位置沿转台25向上呈送到安装在枢转支架107上的夹取器105,枢转支架107也绕水平轴线27旋转。枢转夹取器105可以绕水平轴线27旋转,以与转台穿梭机夹取器103对齐,以接收来自转台穿梭机夹取器103的砖块,并且旋转以与吊杆穿梭机夹取器59对齐,进而将砖块从转台25传输到吊杆元件19。
当转台25相对于底座旋转时,带有其转台穿梭机101的竖直延伸轨道104随之旋转。转盘11被定位成围绕转台25的底部113延伸,并且可控制地围绕转台25旋转,使得砖块可以通过搬运机器人夹取器115(如图15所示)放置于转盘11上,并且转盘11可以被旋转,使得砖块与转台穿梭机轨道104对齐,以将砖块呈送到转台穿梭机夹取器103。转台穿梭机101上的夹取器103绕由伺服马达119驱动的枢转毂117形成的横向轴线旋转,因此夹取器103可以水平伸过转盘11,并向上转动到竖直位置(如103’所示),从而在转台穿梭机已经沿着竖直延伸的轨道104穿过转台25之后,夹取器103可以将砖块呈送给枢转夹取器105。图15示出了搬运机器人200的一个示例性示例,其中带有携带着砖块230的夹取器115的机器人臂210伸到转盘11的上方,并将砖块放置到一个物体隔间中。
参考图6,转盘11被更详细地示出。转盘11具有围绕转台25旋转的环形框架121。环形框架121具有六个物体隔间123、125、127、129、131和133。每个物体隔间支撑由夹爪(jaw)135和137形成的夹取器,该夹取器被承载在支承杆139和导螺杆141上。夹爪135和137具有精密的螺纹或导螺母,以匹配导螺杆141上的螺纹。具有齿形轮的马达143驱动齿形带145,以驱动固定到导螺杆141的齿形轮。马达143在一个方向上的旋转使两个夹爪135和137彼此相背运动,而在另一个方向上的旋转使夹爪135和137彼此相对运动。当夹爪135和137移动时,夹爪135和137之间的中心平面保持在恒定位置,使得任何砖块都将相对于夹爪135和137居中定位,尽管砖块宽度可能不同。
底座95支撑安装在框架148上的环形引导件147。环形引导件147支撑多个滚轴(roller),滚轴进而支撑环形框架121,环形框架121形成回转轴承,该回转轴承因此能够绕竖直轴线97旋转。环形框架121通过伺服马达和齿轮箱153绕竖直轴线97旋转,伺服马达和齿轮箱153驱动小齿轮155,小齿轮155与固定在环形框架121下面的环形齿轮接合。伺服马达和齿轮箱153安装到框架148。缆线链157从框架148延伸,并由圆形金属片缆线链引导件159限制,该引导件159具有周壁161以容纳缆线链157。缆线链157延伸到缆线导管163,缆线导管163向目标隔间123、125、127、129、131和133上的马达143提供电力和控制信号。缆线链引导件157和缆线导管163随着环形框架121旋转。
转盘11可以旋转以将任何物体隔间123、125、127、129、131和133呈送给搬运机器人夹取器115可以放置砖块的位置,并且将预定的物体隔间123、125、127、129、131或133旋转到放下位置,在该放下位置,转台25上的穿梭机101的夹取器103可以向下旋转以拾起砖块,沿转台上升,并且向上旋转以使砖块沿转台竖直对准。
参考图5A和5B,竖直延伸的轨道104由两个平行的间隔开的线性支承导轨形成。线性支承导轨分别支撑四个支承车,这些支承车支撑转台穿梭机101,转台穿梭机101又支撑夹取器103。从图5a中可以看出,转台穿梭机支撑着具有带齿小齿轮的伺服马达165,带齿小齿轮与齿条167接合,以沿着竖直延伸的轨道104驱动转台穿梭机101。
夹取器103位于沿着轨道171运行的支承车169上,由驱动驱动带173的伺服马达驱动,驱动带173驱动导螺杆打开和关闭夹取器103,以夹取和释放砖块。
类似地,在枢转支架107中,定位有驱动齿形带177的伺服马达175,齿形带177驱动导螺杆以移动构成夹取器105的夹爪。夹取器也安装在支承车上,以沿轨道进行直线移动。为了简洁起见,夹取器105被称为枢转夹取器,因为它们安装在枢转支架107上。枢转支架107通过驱动齿形带181的伺服马达179绕轴线27旋转,齿形带181驱动带有内部减速齿轮的毂183。
支架191从转台25的一侧193横向向外延伸,而另一个类似的支架195从转台的另一侧197横向向外延伸。支架191和195上的螺栓199被布置成使其轴向延伸与竖直轴线97同轴,并固定到转盘11的环形引导件147上。因此,当转台绕竖直轴线97旋转时,转盘11随之旋转,但是转盘11可以通过对伺服马达和齿轮箱153的操作而相对于转台25独立地旋转。
转台25支撑具有孔213的凸耳209,孔213具有水平轴线214,孔接收紧固件以连接液压动力缸(未示出)的端部,从而控制吊杆元件19的姿态。转台25支撑夹具板(clevisplates)210、211,夹具板210、211具有带有水平轴线27的孔212,吊杆元件19的近端23围绕该孔被附接,以进行枢转运动。
参照图4和图7至图14,一系列视图图示了用于建造建筑物的砖块经过转盘11、转台25进入吊杆元件19的近端23中的传送。在图4中,搬运机器人夹取器115保持砖块,并且一次一个地将这样的砖块水平放置在物体隔间123、125、127、129、131和133之一中。在此例中,搬运机器人夹取器115和砖块悬空在物体隔间131上方。转盘11被旋转以将物体隔间123、125、127、129、131和133中的任何一个呈送给转台穿梭机101上的夹取器103。参考图7,转盘被旋转以将物体隔间123呈送在转台穿梭机101上的夹取器103可以接近该物体隔间的位置。如图8所示,转台穿梭机101沿着转台25下降,直到它的夹取器103到达一预定位置,在该位置夹取器103可以夹紧砖块。夹取器103夹取砖块,并且物体隔间123的夹取器135和137释放砖块。
如图9所示,转台穿梭机101的夹取器103绕枢转毂117旋转,以便竖直地呈送砖块。如图10所示,转台穿梭机101沿转台25上升,直到砖块到达靠近枢转支架107的夹取器105的预定位置。在该位置,夹取器105将在夹取器103释放砖块之前夹取砖块。如图11和12所示,枢转支架107绕水平轴线27旋转,直到砖块与吊杆19的轴向延伸对齐。在此过程中,穿梭机57在吊杆元件19内在其轨道上移动,直到其夹取器59到达预定位置,在该预定位置,夹取器59在夹取器105释放砖块之前夹取砖块,随后穿梭机沿着吊杆19移动砖块。如图13和14所示,在枢转支架107旋转离开吊杆19之前,夹取器105绕水平轴线27旋转到水平位置。转盘然后可以旋转,以将另一个物体隔间呈送给转台穿梭机,并且重复该过程。
转盘11的物体隔间123、125、127、129、131和133用作可以以两种方式操作的缓冲区。在砌砖操作运行平稳的情况下,物体隔间可能装满了砖块。以这种方式,在砖块上进行一定的操作,在将砖块放置在物体隔间之前需要花费一些时间来进行,例如切割操作或特形铣操作,或者尤其是切割和特形铣操作两者,砌砖可以用已经装载到转盘上的备料持续进行,直到转盘的装载能够跟上才耗尽该备料。如果进行了切割操作,切割成一定长度的砖块和边角料都可以储存在单独的物体隔间中,边角料被保存,直到需要该边角料长度的砖块时为止。
另一种操作模式是通过粘合剂涂敷和砌砖头来放置砖块有潜在麻烦的情况。这可能是砖块被加工成在搬运时有破损风险的构型的情况。在这种情况下,物体隔间是空运行的,并且沿着吊杆和杆行进的任何砖块,在被存储在转盘11的物体隔间123、125、127、129、131和133中之前,可以被倒出来并返回到塔中,同时替换砖块被加工并放置在转盘11的物体隔间123、125、127、129、131和133中的一个中,并且如所述的被传输到吊杆并传输出来到达砌砖和粘合剂涂敷头。
因此,转盘允许储存砖块边角料以备后用,并提供缓冲区以提供一定的缓冲容量,允许需要不同时间的不同的过程。缓冲区可以吸收以前流程中的备料,并立即为下一个流程提供备料。
转盘还能够从多个并行的先前过程中以任意顺序接收备料,并且通过选择物体隔间,备料可以按照下游工艺所需的顺序排序。
在本说明书和随附的权利要求中,除非上下文另有要求,否则文字“包括(comprise)”以及诸如“包括(comprises)”或“包括(comprising)”之类的变体将被理解为暗示包括所述整体或整体或步骤的组,但不排除任何其他整体或整体的组。
本领域技术人员将了解,许多变化和修改将变得明显。对本领域技术人员而言变得明显的所有这些变化和修改都应被认为落在上述本发明中广泛呈现的精神和范畴内。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于传送物体的机器,所述机器包括:
a)底座;
b)转台,其安装到所述底座,以绕轴线旋转,所述转台包括:
i)转台安装轨道,其在所述底座和靠近吊杆安装的位置之间延伸;和
ii)转台穿梭机,其带有用于夹取物体的夹取器,所述转台穿梭机安装在所述转台安装轨道上;
c)吊杆,其在远离所述底座的位置安装到所述转台,所述吊杆远离所述转台延伸,由此所述转台的旋转使所述吊杆绕所述轴线径向扫过,所述吊杆包括:
i)吊杆安装轨道,其沿所述吊杆延伸;和
ii)吊杆穿梭机,其具有用于夹取物体的夹取器,所述吊杆穿梭机安装到所述吊杆安装轨道,以沿所述吊杆安装轨道进行受控的移动,其中当所述转台穿梭机和所述吊杆穿梭机位于所述吊杆安装附近时,物体能够在所述转台穿梭机和所述吊杆穿梭机之间传输;和
d)转盘,其位于所述底座附近并围绕所述转台延伸并能够围绕所述轴线旋转,所述转盘具有能够放置物体的多个物体隔间,所述转盘能够围绕所述轴线可控地旋转,以将任一物体隔间定位在所述转台安装轨道附近,以在所述物体隔间和所述转台穿梭机之间传输物体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中每个物体隔间包括用于夹取物体的夹取器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述机器包括装载夹取器,所述装载夹取器被布置成在所述底座上相对于所述转台的预定位置处将物体装载到任何一个物体隔间中。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述转台穿梭机夹取器设置有偏置枢转轴,以使所述转台穿梭机夹取器朝向任何一个物体隔间径向向外旋转,在该位置,所述转台穿梭机夹取器能够在将所述转台穿梭机夹取器和被夹取的物体旋转到沿着所述转台的轴向延伸范围延伸的位置之前夹取物体,在所述转台穿梭机夹取器的沿着所述转台的轴向延伸范围延伸的位置,所述转台穿梭机夹取器能够将物体传输到所述吊杆。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述吊杆绕横向于所述轴线延伸的吊杆安装轴线安装到所述转台,以允许所述吊杆旋转,以便调节所述吊杆的俯仰。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中传输夹取器能够绕所述吊杆安装轴线旋转地定位,并被对准以从所述转台穿梭机夹取器接收物体,并将物体传送到所述吊杆穿梭机,以便沿着所述吊杆传送出去。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述吊杆具有伸缩吊杆元件和穿梭机,其中每个伸缩吊杆元件具有沿伸缩吊杆元件延伸的伸缩吊杆元件安装轨道,所述穿梭机具有用来夹取物体的夹取器,所述穿梭机安装在所述伸缩吊杆元件安装轨道上,以沿所述伸缩吊杆元件安装轨道进行受控运动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述吊杆具有枢转地安装在所述吊杆的远端处的杆,所述杆具有杆穿梭机和沿所述杆延伸的杆安装轨道,所述杆穿梭机具有用于夹取物体的夹取器,所述杆穿梭机安装在所述杆安装轨道上,用于沿所述杆安装轨道进行受控移动。
9.根据权利要求7或权利要求8所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述杆具有伸缩杆元件,其中,每个伸缩杆元件具有穿梭机以及沿所述伸缩杆元件延伸的伸缩杆元件安装轨道,所述穿梭机具有用于夹取物体的夹取器,所述穿梭机安装在所述伸缩杆元件安装轨道上,以沿所述伸缩杆元件安装轨道进行受控移动。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述转盘上的物体隔间的数量等于或大于所述机器中的穿梭机的数量。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中,所述转盘安装到所述转台,以便能够与所述转台一起旋转,同时还能够相对于所述转台可控地旋转。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中所述物体是块体。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于传送物体的机器,其中所述块体的尺寸和/或构型是可变的。
14.一种用于在传送系统中使用的转盘,所述传送系统包括在装配线中运送多个物体的传送机,所述转盘位于所述传送机附近并具有多个物体隔间,物体能够定位于所述物体隔间中,所述转盘能够围绕轴线可控地旋转,以将任一物体隔间定位在机器人夹取器附近,以在所述物体隔间和所述传送机之间受控地传输物体。
15.根据权利要求14所述的转盘,其中每个物体隔间包括用于夹取物体的夹取器。
16.根据权利要求14或权利要求15所述的转盘,其中,物体通过所述转盘从装载夹取器传输到所述传送机。
17.根据权利要求16所述的转盘,其中,所述装载夹取器被配置成将物体装载到任何一个物体隔间中,并且所述机器人夹取器被配置成将物体从所述转盘卸载到所述传送机,并且可选地将物体重新装载到任何一个物体隔间中。
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