CN110996842B - 牙齿着色、透明度和上釉 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文描述的系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质为牙科修复体的机器生成的高技术问题提供了技术解决方案。特别地,这些系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质可以提供帮助创建更紧密类似于天然牙齿(包括其内部光学结构)的牙科修复体的技术解决方案。这些系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质可能有助于实际上渲染包括其内部光学结构的牙齿,并将这些渲染(例如数字模型)应用于牙科修复体的制造。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2017年7月27日提交的、标题为“TOOTH SHADING,TRANSPARENCYAND GLAZING(牙齿着色、透明度和上釉)”的申请号为62/537,941的美国临时专利申请的优先权,以及于2018年4月26日提交的、标题为“TOOTH SHADING,TRANSPARENCY AND GLAZING(牙齿着色、透明度和上釉)”的申请号为62/662,961的美国临时专利申请的优先权,两者的全部内容通过引用纳入在本文中。
本专利申请还引用了于2017年7月27日提交的、标题为“INTRAORAL SCANNER WITHDENTAL DIAGNOSTICS CAPABILITIES(具有牙科诊断能力的口内扫描仪)”的申请号为15/662,234的美国专利申请,其全部内容通过引用纳入在本文中。
通过援引的纳入
本说明书中提到的所有出版物和专利申请都通过引用整体并入本文,其程度如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请被具体和单独地指出通过引用并入。
技术领域
本文描述的方法和设备可以涉及具有更真实的上色、着色和透明度的牙科植入体(例如,诸如人造牙齿、牙盖、假牙、牙齿贴面以及齿桥等修复体)。具体而言,本文描述了使用光学扫描仪制造牙科植入体的方法,该光学扫描仪生成患者牙齿的模型,该模型包括患者牙齿的三维表面表示、3D体模型(其示出包括轮廓、密度和透明度等内部特征)以及颜色。
背景技术
重建用于植入体的牙齿、牙齿重建体和牙齿贴面的精确视觉外观是牙齿修复行业面临的挑战。将一个或多个植入体(例如假牙、牙齿贴面等人造修复体)与患者的天然牙列进行匹配可能很困难,并且可能需要牙医或牙科技师和可能的单独实验室之间的沟通。陶瓷的自然外观很难复制,特别是在依靠临床医生来描述或充分说明他或她在比色过程中看到了什么时。通常,比色过程的第一部分可以是限定原始牙齿的颜色、色度和透明度。然而,由于牙齿的透明度和包含具有不同光学特性的材料(例如牙釉质和牙本质)的牙齿的内部结构,尝试限定不透明表面的颜色是格外复杂的。
传统上,通常通过使用RGB传感器或光谱传感器从外部获取牙齿表面外观来执行牙齿着色。典型地,此类测量可能会给每颗牙齿提供1至3个颜色区域,并限定多达大概20个色度。此外,可以通过使用SLR相机拍摄图像来进行牙齿颜色修复(可以手动地将该图像与参考色度调色板进行比较),并且通常是手动完成牙齿植入体的精细上色以与该图像相似,在此过程中没有涉及任何数字详细数据。
在修复性治疗中,修复性植入体(例如,牙冠和齿桥等)可能需要有关(单颗或多颗)牙齿的颜色映射、着色和透明度的信息,以便所得的植入体可以具有适合的上釉。
本文描述了可以解决以上提出的问题的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质。
发明内容
本文描述的系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质为牙科修复体的机器生成的高技术问题提供了技术解决方案。特别地,这些系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质可以提供技术解决方案,以帮助制作更紧密类似于天然牙齿(包括其内部光学结构)的牙科修复体。这些系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质可能有助于实际上渲染包括其内部光学结构的牙齿,并将这些渲染(例如数字模型)应用于牙科修复体的制造。
本文所述的任何方法和设备(系统和装置等,包括软件、硬件和/或固件)可以用于为患者制作牙科修复体,从而使牙科修复体具有与患者的牙齿相匹配的光学特性。例如,本文描述的方法和设备可用于在三维上下文中创建包括基于患者现有牙齿的光学特性的可见光体模型,并且该可见光体模型可以被用来使用可见光体模型的光学特性来生成牙科修复体。描述了针对一个或多个牙齿的表面和内部体积的光学特性,所述一个或多个牙齿可以是与要通过牙科修复体修复的牙齿相邻或相似的牙齿。在一些变型中,可以生成全部或部分牙科修复体的体模型,并且可以从可见光体模型导出牙科修复体体模型的光学特性。
通常,牙科修复体可以包括修复性植入体,例如牙冠、牙齿贴面以及齿桥等。这些修复性植入体中的任何一种都可以包括作为修复体的一部分的釉料(例如,牙齿贴面,包括陶瓷贴面),以模拟牙釉质。
本文描述的任何方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质均可包括三维(3D)口腔扫描仪的使用,该三维(3D)口腔扫描仪也可称为口内扫描仪。这些方法和设备可以与任何适合的口内扫描仪一起使用,而且特别是与那些单独(包括顺序地)或并发地/同时地使用近红外和可见光进行扫描的口内扫描仪一起使用。在例如2017年7月27日提交的、标题为“INTRAORAL SCANNER WITH DENTAL DIAGNOSTICS CAPABILITIES(具有牙科诊断能力的口内扫描仪)”的申请号为15/662,234的美国专利申请中描述了可以使用的口内扫描仪的一个示例。
体模型通常是指三维空间(例如体积)的数字表示。特别地,本文描述了牙齿的全部或部分的体模型。体模型通常可以是实体模型或壳/边界模型。体模型可以是表示三维区域的数字映射,例如,体模型可以包括体素。
本文描述的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质通常生成3D体模型,该3D体模型包括作为3D体模型的一部分的牙齿的一个或多个光学特性。可以使用任何光学特性,包括:光吸收、光反射、光透射以及光散射。其他光学特性可以包括色相、透明度、半透明度、乳白度(opalescence)、饱和度(chroma)、明度、光泽度以及荧光度。这些光学特性可以重叠和/或可以是彼此的替代表示和/或可以从其他光学特性导出。例如,半透明度可以被表示为光散射和光反射的特性。
通常,反射、透射和吸收可能取决于受辐射影响的波长。因此,可以就单色辐射或多色辐射对这三个过程进行量化(并且可以指定入射辐射的光谱分布)。另外,反射率、透射率和吸收率也可能取决于入射辐射的偏振和几何分布,这也可以是指定的。
光反射(例如,反射率)可以是反射的辐射功率与入射的辐射功率之比。对于反射表面的某些区域元素,(差分)入射的辐射功率可以是表面的辐照度乘以表面元素的大小。总反射率可以进一步细分为规则反射率和漫反射率,规则反射率和漫反射率可以分别由规则(或镜面)反射的辐射功率和漫反射的辐射功率与入射的辐射功率之比得出。
光吸收可以指通过与材料的相互作用将施加到材料上的辐射功率转换成另一种类型的能量(通常是热量)。吸收可能是特定波长的吸收。介质的吸收率可以由吸收的辐射功率与入射的辐射功率之比来定义。
介质的光透射(或透光率)可以被定义为透射的辐射功率与入射的辐射功率之比。总透射率可以进一步细分为规则透射率和漫透射率,规则透射率和漫透射率可以分别通过规则(或直接)透射的辐射功率和漫透射的辐射功率与入射的辐射功率之比来得出。
反射是电磁辐射在两种介质之间的边界(表面反射)或介质内部(体积反射)返回的过程,而透射是电磁辐射经过介质的通过。这两个过程都可能伴随着漫射(也称为散射),漫射是将单向光束偏转成多个方向的过程。当没有漫射发生时,根据几何光学定律,单向光束的反射或透射会产生单向光束。反射、透射和散射使辐射的频率保持不变,尽管当反射材料或表面运动时,多普勒效应可能会引起频率变化。反射率、透射率和吸收率是无量纲的。诸如反射率和透射率之类的量被用于描述材料的光学特性。这些量可以应用于复合辐射或单色辐射。
例如,本文描述了为患者制作牙科修复体的方法,以使牙科修复体具有与患者牙齿的光学特性相匹配的光学特性。该方法可以包括:接收患者牙齿的至少一部分的可见光体模型,其中该体模型包括患者牙齿的外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示;进一步地,其中可见光体模型包括以下中的两项或多项的指示:一个波长或多个波长的光对于患者牙齿外表面、牙本质表面和牙釉质区域的光吸收、光反射和光散射;以及根据可见光体模型来制作牙科修复体,其中牙科修复体的表面和内部结构具有基于可见光体模型的光学特性。
制作牙科修复体可以包括生成包括多个体素的牙科修复体的体模型,其中,修复体的体模型的体素具有基于可见光体模型的体素的值的值。牙科修复体的形状可以被预先定义或选择,并且光学特性可以由患者的一颗或多颗牙齿的可见光体模型来提供。
通常,基于未修复的牙齿和/或一颗或多颗相邻的牙齿,可以制造使得其内部结构和表面具有与患者实际牙齿相同的光学特性的牙科修复体,以使得牙科修复体看起来与患者的天然牙齿相似。在制造实际的牙科修复体时,可以通过本文描述的技术来手动地(例如,通过技师)进行引导、半手动地或自动地(包括通过3D打印技术)来形成牙科修复体。通常,对于牙齿体积内的对应位置和/或深度,制造牙科修复体可以为修复体的每个体素给出相比于参考牙齿体素(例如,来自可见光体模型的体素)的相似的光学值。
牙科修复体可以由可见光体模型手动地制成(例如,通过选择具有与来自可见光体模型的一部分的表面和内部结构的光学特性相对应的光学特性的材料),或者可以由可见光体模型自动地制成(包括形成具有从可见光体模型导出的光学特性的牙科修复体的数字模型)。
通常,接收可见光体模型的步骤可以包括例如通过生成可见光体模型,从存储器、从传输(transmission)和/或从同一系统内接收可见光体模型。所接收的可见光体模型可以是针对与要通过牙科修复体来修复的患者牙齿相邻的牙齿的患者牙齿的至少一部分的可见光体模型。可选地,接收到的可见光模型可以是针对要通过牙科修复体来修复的牙齿的可见光体模型和/或针对位于要修复的牙齿所在的颌的两侧上的牙齿所对应的牙齿的可见光体模型。
例如,接收可见光体模型可以包括生成可见光体模型。因此,接收可见光体模型可以包括:从使用近红外波长和可见光波长二者进行操作的三维(3D)口腔扫描仪生成或接收患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示;估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射;以及将估计值添加到体模型以形成可见光体模型。
对值进行估计可以包括估计以下中的两个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。对值进行估计可以包括估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的在三个或更多个可见光波长下的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。三个或更多个可见光波长包括一个或多个红色波长、绿色波长和蓝色波长。
在一些变型中,估计包括通过将对于以下中的一个或多个的值设置为预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
这些方法中的任何一种还可以包括,通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为通过参数估计而确定的预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
估计可以包括通过基于与在使用口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的RGB数据相比的重建体积和相机位置进行迭代来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射,以确定接近光学特性的值。在一些变型中,估计包括通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射,所述预先确定的先验值是从有代表性的患者群体确定的。其中,该先验值是使用以下中的一个或多个而选择的:当利用口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的测得的RGB数据、体积信息以及患者信息。体积信息可以包括从牙齿表面经过牙釉质到达牙本质的路径长度。患者信息可以包括以下中的一项或多项:患者年龄、性别以及估计的颌形状。
在这些变型中的任何一个中,该方法可以进一步包括在估计以下中的一个或多个的值之前将体模型划分为多个子区域:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
本文描述了可以实际地渲染牙齿的系统、方法和计算机可读介质,其包括可以用于生成牙科修复体的可见光学结构。例如,这些系统可以包括非暂时性计算机可读介质,该介质存储用于由处理器执行来制备具有与患者牙齿的光学特性相匹配的光学特性的牙科修复体的指令。这些系统、方法和计算机可读介质中的任何一个都可以包括:从使用近红外波长和可见光波长二者进行操作的三维(3D)口腔扫描仪生成或接收患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中该体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示;估计诸如以下各项的一个或多个(例如两个或多个、三个或更多个等等)光学特性的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射;将估计值添加到体模型以形成可见光体模型;以及根据该可见光模型来制作牙科修复体。
可以例如通过处理器来接收患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,并且该体模型可以包括限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素。该体模型可以由包括能够形成3D体模型的牙科扫描仪(例如口内扫描仪)的单独设备(例如牙科扫描仪)接收,如通过引用全部并入本文的2017年7月27日提交的、标题为“INTRAORAL SCANNER WITH DENTAL DIAGNOSTICS CAPABILITIES(具有牙科诊断能力的口内扫描仪)”的申请号为15/662,234的美国专利申请中更全面的描述的那样。在一些变型中,处理器是扫描仪的一部分或耦接到扫描仪。可选地或附加地,体模型可以被存储在处理器访问的存储器中。
例如,(3D)口腔扫描仪可以并发地或同时地以近红外波长和可见光波长二者来扫描患者的牙齿。扫描可以生成体模型,以便初始体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸到患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示。穿透深度可能取决于扫描。近红外光可以穿透牙釉质至少到达牙本质,因此可以通过近红外扫描来重建体模型,以提供扫描区域的高精度三维模型,包括牙釉质和/或牙本质的厚度、形状和分布。可见光扫描可以与穿透性近红外扫描协作使用,并且可见光扫描可以包括一个或多个(例如,RGB)波长。
可以从体模型中估计出以下中的一个或多个的值:光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。在一些变型中,估计光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射中的两个或多个的值可能是有益的(例如,估计以下各项的值:光吸收和光反射;光吸收和光透射;光吸收和光散射;光反射和光透射;光反射和光散射;和/或光透射和光散射)。在一些变型中,可以估计光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射中的三个或更多个(例如,光吸收、光反射和光透射;光吸收、光反射和光散射;光吸收、光透射和光散射;和/或光反射、光透射和光散射)。在一些变型中,可以估计光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射全部四个。
可以基于从体模型中提取的牙齿内的牙本质位置来得出光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射的估计。可以针对多个可见光波长、针对限定体模型的至少一部分的体素(例如限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸到患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的体素)来估计光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射的一些或全部光学特性。例如,可以提供对于红色、绿色和蓝色波长中的一个或多个的可见光波长,以及在一些变型中,可以提供红色、绿色和蓝色中的每一个。
可以通过设置值来提供对于以下中的一个或多个的估计:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的体素(和/或体素区域)的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。例如,对值进行估计可以包括将针对牙齿外表面的值和针对牙齿与牙本质之间的牙釉质的体积的值设置为预先确定的值(例如,先验值),该预先确定的值可以是基于原始体数据中提供的(一个或多个)可见光波长而选择出的。在一些变型中,处理器可以参考包括针对一个或多个光学特性(例如,光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射)的值的数据库或存储器。光学特性的值可以由平均值、群体值或类似的值来确定。当为体素设置对于一个或多个光学特性的值时,可以基于与相似表面值的相关性来指定所述值。例如,可以通过假定对于外表面和/或牙釉质和/或牙本质表面的基本值(例如,先验特征)来为外表面指定或设置值。3D体模型可以包括单颗或多颗牙齿的外表面的模型,并且可以基于假定参数(建模参数)与包括在体模型中的测量值的适合程度来为对应的体素设置一个或多个光学参数值。
例如,可以基于被设置的假定参数来对一个或多个光学特性进行估计,并且可以针对估计参数估值来测试这些假定参数,或者可以使用类似的方法来从体模型估计参数,以便生成估计的图像,可以将该估计的图像与通过扫描获取的实际图像进行比较以确定3D体模型,或者从3D体模型导出。例如,假定牙釉质的参数,这些假定的参数可以用于生成牙齿的预期图像,可以将该预期图像与原始体模型中包含的来自患者的实际数据进行比较;通过比较实际的测量数据与预期值模型的适合程度,可以使用一种技术(例如,参数估计等)来更改一个或多个光学特性的假定值,以提高测量数据与估计的(一个或多个)图像之间的适合度。
因此,通过将值设置为预先确定的先验值,可以估计对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从牙齿外表面延伸至牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的一个或多个光学特性(例如,光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射)。可以通过将使用这些值生成的建模牙齿的图像与来自体模型的图像进行比较来完善最终的估计。因此,可以将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为通过参数估计而确定的预先确定的先验值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。例如,可以通过基于与当使用口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的RGB数据相比的重建体积和相机的位置进行迭代来确定接近光学特性的值。
在一些变型中,可以通过将一个或多个光学特性的值设置为预先确定的先验值(该先验值是从代表性患者群体确定的)来在可见光体模型内设置该一个或多个光学特性的值,其中,该先验值是使用以下中的一个或多个来选择的:在利用口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时所记录的测量的RGB数据、体积信息以及患者信息。可选地或附加地,将所述值设置为预先确定的先验值可以是从代表性患者群体确定的,其中该先验值是使用以下中的一个或多个来选择的:在利用口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时所记录的测量的RGB数据、体积信息以及患者信息。例如,体积信息可以包括从牙齿表面经过牙釉质到达牙本质的路径长度。患者信息可以包括以下中的一项或多项:患者年龄、性别以及估计的颌形状。
因此,如本文所述,估计一个或多个光学特性的值可以包括将牙齿表面和牙本质之间的区域中的体素(或体素区域)设置为一个或多个先验值。例如,先验值可以基于每波长(颜色)的平均光吸收和光散射;当进行扫描以形成初始三维体模型时拍摄的图像(例如可见光图像)可以被用来估计表面和牙釉质的光学特性。具体来说,表面和牙釉质光学特性值可通过使用迭代方法从先验值来估计,该迭代方法基于与由扫描仪拍摄的实际RGB图像相比的重建体积和相机的位置来求解光学特性(例如,吸收、反射和透射)。
在本文所述的任何方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质中,可以在估计一个或多个可见光波长的一个或多个光学特性(例如,光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射)的值之前将体模型划分成多个子区域。这些子区域可以包括任何数量的体素(例如一个或多个),并且可以基于牙齿的形状或形态进行分组。例如,牙釉质的区域(例如,等温区域和/或距表面固定范围或距离的区域)可以为子区域。
本文所述的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质可以形成模型,例如可见光体模型,该模型包括对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光学特性(例如,光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射)中的一个或多个的值。可见光体模型也可以包括原始体模型。牙科修复体可以由可见光体模型形成。
例如,本文描述的是存储用于由处理器执行的指令的非暂时性计算机可读介质,该指令在被执行时使处理器执行以下操作:生成或接收患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中,该体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示;估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射;并将估计的值添加到体模型中,以形成可见光体模型。
在一些变型中,估计所述光学特性中的一个或多个的值可以包括将外表面和在外表面和牙本质之间的牙釉质区域设置为预先确定的(先验)值,以及通过使用体积信息(例如从牙齿表面经过牙釉质到达牙本质表面的路径长度)来将测得的RGB图像数据用于对应的体积区域,以求解表面的光学特性。可以基于患者信息(例如,根据颌的形状等估计出的患者的年龄)、基于可用的修复材料的预先确定的值/先验值的设置列表等来选择预先确定的值/先验值。
附图说明
在随后的权利要求中具体阐述了本发明的新颖特征。通过参考下文的详细描述和附图,可以更好地理解本发明的特征和优点,下文的详细描述阐述了利用本发明的原理的说明性实施例。
图1是可以用于制造牙科修复体的可见光体模型的创建的一种方法的示例。
图2是可以产生可见光体模型的系统的示例,该可见光体模型可以用于制造牙科修复体。因此,该系统的一部分可以被称为牙科重建体制造系统。
图3A示出3D(彩色)口内扫描仪的一个示例,该3D(彩色)口内扫描仪可适于如本文所述的用于生成受试者的牙齿的体模型,该体模型具有(由近红外识别的)内部图和外部(例如,表面)图二者,包括可见光波长。
图3B示意性地示出了口内扫描仪的一个示例,该口内扫描仪被配置为生成具有表面特征和内部特征二者的受试者牙齿的模型。
图3C示出了经配置以进行表面扫描(例如,可见光、非穿透性)和使用近红外(IR)波长进行穿透性扫描二者的口内扫描仪的示意图。扫描仪包括偏振器和滤光器,以在仍收集从内部结构反射的近红外光的同时阻挡从牙齿表面反射的近红外光。
图4A示出了一种形成牙科植入体的现有技术方法。
图4B示出了一种形成牙科植入体的方法,其通过使用以非穿透性(例如,表面扫描和/或彩色扫描)波长和穿透性(例如近红外)波长二者进行操作的口内扫描仪来确定可见光体模型,除了牙齿的结构信息外,该可见光体模型还具有体积内的体素的一个或多个光学特性。
具体实施方式
本文描述的是用于帮助创建牙科修复体(例如牙科植入体)的装置(系统和设备)、自动化方法和/或计算机可读介质,该牙科修复体与患者的天然牙齿非常相似,尤其包括其内部光学结构。一般来说,系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质可以实际地渲染患者的(单颗或多颗)牙齿的模型,包括内部光学结构。患者的牙齿可以是要通过牙科修复体修补的牙齿、相邻的牙齿、对应的两侧牙齿或其他的患者的天然牙齿。可以手动或自动使用此模型(其被称为可见光体模型)来创建高精度的牙科修复体,例如具有与患者的天然牙齿相同或类似的光学特性的人造牙、牙冠、假牙、牙齿贴面以及齿桥等。
大多数牙科修复植入体仅应用表面特性。这样的估计无法准确地近似牙齿的视觉特性(该视觉特性可能会基于牙齿的光照而变化),从而导致修复性植入体与患者的天然牙齿之间的匹配性较差,尤其是在光照不同的环境中。牙齿具有包括颜色和透明度在内的特定的光学特性,这些光学特性可以是外部特征和内部特征二者的一个函数。在创建牙科修复体时,非常需要制作牙齿修复体,以使其具有与患者现有的牙齿匹配或保持一致的真实的、并且最好是定制的颜色和透明度。可见光体模型可以提供(单颗或多颗)牙齿的模型,该模型可以指导牙科修复体的形成。
如本文所述,可见光体模型可以既包括患者的(单颗或多颗)牙齿的体积的结构映射(该结构映射可以形成牙科修复体的部分或全部),也可以包括与该结构映射的体积内的区域相关联的一个或多个光学特性。尽管可以关联多种光学特性,但是对于制作牙科修复体而言,包括以下中的一个或多个特别有帮助:光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。可以使用的附加或替代的光学特性包括:色相、透明度、半透明度、乳白度、饱和度、明度、光泽度以及荧光度。这些光学特性可以是对于一个或多个波长(例如,可见光波长,如红色波长、绿色波长和/或蓝色波长或波长组)特定的。
当(自动或手动地)使用可见光体模型来产生牙科修复体时,可以使用模型中的结构和/或光学特性。可见光体模型是提供有关外部结构和内部结构的信息的体模型;然后,光学特性的添加可以提供用于形成修复体的指南或映射。光学特性可以用于选择用于形成牙科修复体的材料。在一些变型中,光学特性可以用于选择形成牙科修复体的(一种或多种)材料。例如,光学特性可以与用于形成牙科修复体的材料(例如,塑料、陶瓷、染料/着色剂等)的光学特性匹配。在一些变型中,系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质可以将可见光体积型中提供的光学特性自动转换成可以使用的一种或多种材料。可选地或附加地,可见光体模型内的光学特性的值可以转换或调整为可用于选择用于形成牙科修复体的(一种或多种)材料的值,或者可以简单地用对于具有相同或相似光学特性的(一种或多种)材料的指示(例如名称、编号等)来代替。
可见光体模型可以是描述患者的(单颗或多颗)牙齿的体积的体素的集合。在一些变型中,如以下示例1中所述,通过例如使用口内扫描仪进行扫描,直接从患者的现有牙齿确定该体积。在其他变型中,该体积是基于患者的(单颗或多颗)牙齿的另一个区域的重建的体积。例如,当制作患者的牙齿的牙科修复体时,可能无法扫描缺失的牙齿。但是,其他患者牙齿(例如对称牙齿和/或相邻牙齿)的3D体积扫描可以用作牙科修复体的可见光体模型的模板。可选地,可见光体模型可以是患者现有牙齿的模型,并且制造商可以(手动或自动地)使用可见光体模型作为用于形成缺失牙齿并匹配内部结构(例如牙釉质和/或牙本质)和光学特性的指导。
本文所述的系统、方法和/或计算机可读介质可以提供可用于形成修复性植入体的更准确的信息。本文所述的可见光体模型也可以用作其他用途,并不限于牙科修复体的形成。例如,可见光体模型可用于跟踪患者的牙科健康、计划或跟踪牙科治疗、在治疗患者过程中(例如进行填充、口腔外科手术等)和/或进行诸如牙齿增白的美容过程中为牙科医生提供指导。
图1是用于创建可见光体模型的示例性方法的一般概述(该方法可以由本文所述的系统执行),该可见光体模型可以用于制造牙科修复体。可选地,可以使用利用近红外波长和可见光波长二者对患者牙齿的至少一部分的扫描来生成3D体模型,该3D体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸到患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示101。扫描信息(其包括在对于(一个或多个)可见光波长和(一个或多个)近红外波长中的任一个或两者进行扫描时所拍摄的图像)可以被包含在3D体积扫描中或作为3D体积扫描的一部分。扫描可由口内扫描仪执行,该口内扫描仪是整个系统的一部分,或是单独的系统。然后,3D体模型可以由(例如,如参考下文描述的牙科修复体制造系统的)处理器接收103,并被用于估计对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从牙齿外表面延伸至牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素的一个或多个可见光波长的一个或多个光学特性(例如,光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射等)的值105。然后可以将光学特性的估计值添加到3D体模型中以形成可见光体模型。通常,可见光体模型包括描述患者的(单颗或多颗)牙齿的3D体积的多个体素,并且这些体素中的至少一些(例如,外表面和牙釉质之间的区域,该牙釉质位于外表面与牙本质之间)包含有关一个或多个可见光波长的光学特性的信息。
图2是示出牙科修复体制造系统201的示例的图,该系统可选地被示出为较大的建模系统200的一部分。牙科修复体制造系统201的模块可以包括一个或多个引擎和数据存储。计算机系统可以实现为引擎、引擎的一部分或通过多个引擎来实现。如本文所使用的,引擎包括一个或多个处理器或一个或多个处理器的一部分。一个或多个处理器的一部分可以包括:少于包括任何给定的一个或多个处理器的全部硬件的硬件的一些部分(例如寄存器的子集)、专用于多线程处理器的一个或多个线程的处理器的部分、处理器完全或部分地专用于执行引擎的部分功能的时间片段等。这样,第一引擎和第二引擎可以具有一个或多个专用处理器,或者第一引擎和第二引擎可以彼此或与其他引擎共享一个或多个处理器。取决于特定的实施方式或其他的考虑,引擎可以是集中式的或者其功能分布式的。引擎可以包括硬件、固件或用以由处理器执行以计算机可读介质体现的软件。处理器使用已实现的数据结构和方法将数据转换为新数据,诸如参照本文的附图所描述的。
本文描述的引擎或者本文描述的系统和设备可以通过其实现的引擎可以是基于云的引擎。如本文所使用的,基于云的引擎是可以使用基于云的计算系统来运行应用程序和/或功能的引擎。应用程序和/或功能的全部或部分可以分布在多个计算设备上,而不必被限到仅一个计算设备。在一些实施例中,基于云的引擎可以执行终端用户通过网页浏览器或容器应用程序访问的功能和/或模块,而无需将功能和/或模块本地安装在终端用户的计算设备上。
如本文所使用的,数据存储旨在包括具有任何适用的数据组织的存储库,包括表、逗号分隔值(CSV)文件、传统数据库(例如SQL)或其他适用的已知或方便的组织格式。例如,数据存储可以例如实现为在专用机器上的物理计算机可读介质中、在固件中、在硬件中、在它们的组合中或者在适用的已知或方便的装置或系统中体现的软件。诸如数据库接口等与数据存储相关的组件可被认为是数据存储的一部分、某一其它系统组件的一部分或它们的组合,尽管与数据存储相关的组件的物理位置和其它特性对于理解本文所描述的技术不是关键的。
数据存储可以包括数据结构。如本文所使用的,数据结构与在计算机中存储和组织数据的特定方式相关联,使得它可以在给定的上下文内被高效地使用。数据结构通常基于计算机在其存储器中的任何位置处获取和存储数据的能力,该位置由地址、本身可存储在存储器中并由程序操纵的位串指定。因此,一些数据结构基于利用算术运算来计算数据项的地址;而其它数据结构基于在结构本身内存储数据项的地址。许多数据结构使用两种原理,有时以有意义的方式组合。数据结构的实现通常需要编写一组创建和操纵该结构的实例的程序。本文所描述的数据存储可以是基于云的数据存储。基于云的数据存储是与基于云的计算系统和与引擎兼容的数据存储。
牙科修复体制造系统201可以包括计算机可读介质、可见光体模型引擎205、一个或多个光学特性估计引擎(例如,光吸收估计引擎207、光反射估计引擎209、光发射估计引擎213以及光透射估计引擎211等)、以及先验值数据存储215。可以包括附加的数据存储217,例如,参考患者信息和/或材料信息。牙科修复体制造系统的一个或多个模块可以彼此耦接(例如,通过图2所示的示例性耦接)或者耦接至图2中未明确示出的模块。该计算机可读介质可以包括任何计算机可读介质,包括但不限于总线、有线网络、无线网络或其某种组合。
光学特性估计引擎可以实施一个或多个自动代理,这些自动代理被配置为从受试者牙齿的3D虚拟表示(例如,其他3D体模型)中学习基于光学特性信息的匹配。
估计一个或多个光学特性
在第一示例中,可以由可见光体模型制成具有更真实的光学特性的修复性植入体,在该可见光体模型中,通过使用体模型中的结构信息(包括体模型的牙齿或牙齿的一部分内的牙本质位置)来估计对于该体模型的外表面和牙本质之间的(一个或多个)区域以及外表面的一个或多个光学特性。体积数据可用于指示牙本质相对于外表面在牙齿中的哪个位置,从而提供牙釉质厚度的估计。通过使用牙齿或牙齿区域的形态(包括牙釉质的厚度和牙本质在牙釉质中的位置),以及使用从经由扫描而获取的(一个或多个)可见光波长中获取或提取的光学信息(这些信息包括作为体模型的一部分),可以为体模型内的多个体素中的每一个确定体模型内的牙齿或牙齿部分的光学特性(例如,一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射)。
例如,在一些变型中,可以从被传递到进行操作以估计光学特性的处理器的体模型(例如,可见光体模型引擎)中的(一个或多个)可见光图像中估计外表面以及在外表面和牙本质之间的区域(以及在一些变型中,包括牙本质)的光学特性、每个波长(例如,颜色)的平均光吸收和光散射和/或散射。例如,当由用于生成体模型的口内扫描仪拍摄的可见光图像是RGB图像时,这些图像可用于估计表面和牙釉质的光学特性。在一些变型中,光学特性可以是通过假定牙齿的(一个或多个)不同区域(包括外表面、牙釉质、以及在某些情况下牙本质)的起始先验值来确定的。例如,不同深度的牙釉质可以被设置有一个或多个光学特性的不同的起始先验值,或者初始可以将牙釉质视为是均匀的,并且初始设定为这些一个或多个光学特性具有相同的先验值。然后可以将具有这些起始光学特性值的中间渲染模型与实际的体模型进行比较,并且尤其是与体模型(或用于形成体模型)的(一个或多个)可见光图像进行比较。在扫描时,体模型可以包括相机位置(或可以假定一个相机位置)。这允许系统从中间渲染模型生成估计图像(“估计图像”),可以将该估计图像与扫描仪拍摄的图像(“真实图像”)直接进行比较。通过迭代地调整起始光学特性值直到估计图像收敛到真实图像内的可接受范围内的值为止,可以量化真实图像和估计图像之间的比较,并且可以最小化真实图像和估计图像之间的差异。可接受范围可以是预先确定的,或者可以基于差异的变化率来确定。可以使用任何适当的迭代的最小化协议。可以使用任何适当的迭代最小化协议。例如,可以使用非线性最小化技术。
在该第一示例中,本文描述的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质可以假定先验值是常数。先验值不仅可以用于表示外表面的光学特性,而且可以用于表示外表面和牙本质之间的牙釉质厚度。本文所述的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质受益于口内扫描仪的使用,该口内扫描仪能够确定牙齿的形状(外部特征,包括外部牙釉质)和牙釉质的厚度以及牙齿内的牙本质的位置和分布。
可以优选地在某些区域上调节初始参数,这些区域包括在外表面和/或牙釉质内,或者牙釉质的区域内。在一些变型中,可以基于来自初始体模型的可见光部分的猜测来设置光学特性(例如,光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射中的一个或多个或者两个或更多个)。在一些变型中,系统、特别地系统的参数值设置引擎部分可以被配置为代理,其能够基于来自多个患者的体模型进行机器学习以设置光学特性的初始值。
一旦迭代最小化已充分收敛于对于构成外部齿表面以及外不齿表面与牙本质之间的区域的体素的一个或多个(例如,两个或更多个)光学特性的值,则可以将这些光学特性添加到原始体模型的全部或部分以形成可见光体模型。
在使用中,可以使用可见光体模型来生成牙科修复体。可见光体模型可以提供患者的(单颗或多颗)牙齿的光学外观的更真实的模型。然后可以自动或手动地应用该更真实的可见光体模型以形成牙科植入体。该模型可以用于替换或修复牙齿。在一些示例中,可以通过扫描要被替换或修复的牙齿来形成原始体模型,以便确定牙齿内牙本质相对于表面的位置(和形状)(例如牙釉质的厚度),因此以上描述的方法可用于形成牙齿的更准确的可见光体模型,其包括牙齿内的牙本质位置。如果患者的口腔中缺少要重塑和/或替换的目标牙齿,则可以扫描与目标牙齿相邻的一颗或多颗牙齿,或更优选地,如果存在该颌的相对侧上的互补牙齿话,则可以扫描该颌的相对侧上的互补牙齿(例如,如果更换右上犬齿,则可以扫描左上犬齿)。因此,假定修复的牙齿具有与其余牙齿相似的光学特性。
牙科修复体可以由可见光体模型形成,该可见光体模型包括描述牙齿的外部结构和内部结构的体素的一些或全部内的一个或多个光学特性。例如,代表牙本质和/或牙釉质的材料的光学特性可以在其形成时手动或自动地应用于牙科修复体之上或之中,以模仿看起来更自然的光学特性。可以使用3D打印机或其他增材制造技术手动地或更优选地自动地制造牙齿。
除了有关牙本质的形状和延伸以及牙釉质的厚度的信息之外,目标牙齿的模型还可以结合患者牙本质和牙釉质的光学特性的更真实表示。例如,可以使用目标牙齿或类似牙齿的体模型来建模(和/或制造)目标牙齿或目标牙齿的区域,该体模型描述牙齿内的相对牙本质位置,以及关于牙本质和牙釉质的光学特性的先验信息。牙本质和牙釉质的先验信息可以包括牙本质平均颜色的值(以及在一些变型中,散射和吸收)以及牙釉质吸收和散射的值。这些值可以是每个波长的。先验值可以是假定值,并且可以基于平均值或群体值。
使用关于牙齿的先验值以及体积信息,本文描述的系统和方法可以确定牙齿的光学特性的估计,因为牙齿可以出现在任何点和角度(实际的图像数据)。
当从牙齿外部的位置观察时,牙齿的光学特性可以部分取决于牙齿的体积特性。例如,随着光穿过不同的层(例如牙釉质和牙本质),不同照明波长下的光散射和吸收以及牙齿的表面特性可能改变。因此,牙齿的外观建立在不同的层上。使用穿透波长(例如,近红外光)获取的牙齿的体模型可以提供牙齿的三维体数据集,并且该模型可以用于估计这些不同层对牙齿的光学特性的影响。例如,对于特定波长,可以估计来自特定位置(例如,来自牙齿外部、在相对于牙齿的给定点和角度处)的牙齿的颜色Y,作为牙釉质贡献和牙本质贡献与从该点(例如,从外表面)到牙本质的长度的乘积之间的差异。
如上所述,可以将每波长的光学特性的估计与从牙齿外部看到或测量的实际光学特性进行比较。例如,扫描仪(例如,在一些变型中,同一扫描仪确定牙齿的体模型)可以从牙齿外部记录牙齿的RGB信息,并且可以将特定点和角度X的该测量值与计算出的值Y进行比较。每波长的X和Y之间的差异可以提供一个值(例如“重新解释的X值”或误差),该值在形成牙齿模型时可以被最小化。例如,可以修改牙本质平均光学特性的先验值(例如,散射和吸收)和牙釉质光学特性的先验值(例如,吸收和散射),以最小化在一个(可见)波长范围内重新解释的X值。
在实践中,在模型中用于形成牙釉质和牙本质的材料可以限于有限数量的具有光学特性(例如平均光散射(光反射)和光吸收)的材料。为了确定何种材料被用于对牙釉质和牙本质进行建模,可以将可用材料的光学特性用作被用于计算不同波长下的光学特性Y的先验值,并且与观察到的颜色(例如,最小重新解释的X值)最佳适合的结果得到的材料可用于对牙齿或牙齿部分进行建模。因此,通过将先验值设置为从可用材料中获取的值,可以确定提供最佳适合的材料。
可选地,可以根据一个或多个患者或牙齿特有的特性来估计牙釉质和/或牙本质的光学特性的先验值。例如,可以基于一个或多个特性(例如已知的诸如患者年龄)、或者根据基于颌形状、牙齿结构或其他内部结构的患者年龄的估计、或者来自牙齿的测量特性(例如牙齿的近红外透明度、吸收或散射)来估计牙釉质和/或牙本质的先验值。这些附加的特性可用于细化牙釉质和/或牙本质的估计,以便可以针对患者进行专门校准。例如,可以训练系统以在牙本质和/或牙釉质的已知参数与光学特性之间进行校准(例如,可以使用的先验值)。
可选地,除了使用对于牙齿的光学特性的先验值以便对牙齿(或牙齿的区域)进行建模以生成可见光体模型之外,可以对牙齿进行扫描以确定牙本质和牙釉质在牙齿体积内的几何分布(例如,使用近红外波长或波长范围),以及使用被牙釉质部分吸收和散射的一个或多个可见光波长。可以结合近红外波长扫描信息、从这些附加的(例如RGB)可见光波长扫描导出牙齿在特定可见光波长下的体透明度以及散射和/或吸收的估计,并且可以提供内部结构的精确近似。虽然这些附加的(例如RGB)波长穿透性较差,但是由于在这些波长下牙釉质的透明性更差,所以仅使用此信息可能难以获得牙齿内的内部结构(例如牙本质)的体积分布。然而,如果将这些信息与来自更具有穿透力的近红外信息的体积信息结合起来,从而提供内部结构的精确位置,那么在每个可见光波长下的透明度和吸收可以通过修改否则将被用来发现内部结构的同样的过程来近似。
例如,可以通过使用近红外波长从牙齿周围的多个不同位置进行扫描来从牙齿确定体信息。扫描既提供了扫描仪的位置(例如,发射/接收的近红外光的位置),又提供了在该位置透过牙齿拍摄的图像。假设牙釉质对近红外光线的透明度较高,而其他内部结构(如牙本质、龋齿等)的透明度较低,则可以使用此数据来重建内部体积。当使用可见光(牙釉质对于可见光不透明但作为代替可能是吸收和/或散射的)扫描牙齿时,透明度和/或吸收/散射的参数可以设置为变量,其中内部结构可以从近红外成像中得知。因此,在一些变型中,可见光体模型可以更直接地从初始体模型中确定,以包括诸如在多个可见光波长下生成的透明度和/或吸收/散射等的光学特性。
例如,可以使用一种称为体反向传播的技术。体反向传播可以用来估计(例如,跟踪)通过牙齿体积并进入相机的感测波长的射线。针对每条射线的到达传感器的实际强度可以通过穿透图像和传感器(相机)的位置和取向来确定。对于每一条射线,由于其通过的体积中的散射而引起的强度衰减可以被估计。例如,当使用近红外光时,可以通过一种技术(例如,蒙特卡洛法等)、使用散射的混合计算方案来对光通过强散射和弱吸收材料的透射进行建模,以获得光通过材料的透射率的空间变化。可以通过在空间上外推吸收对象和对最短飞行时间的非吸收参考之间的光学密度的差异来估计一组投影数据。因此,该技术可能会产生吸收系数的差异。例如,参见E.Wolf的“Three-dimensional structuredetermination of semi-transparent objects from holographic data(从全息数据确定半透明物体的三维结构)”,光学通讯,1(4),第153-156页(1969)。然后可以通过求解到达传感器的实际强度来估计体散射。
给定来自近红外数据的体结构模型,另一波长(例如,来自可见光谱)可用于求解一个或多个光学特性,例如透明度。例如,可以直接使用来自近红外的体模型,或者使用预先确定的方法修改体模型(例如,指定一些从近红外透明到R/G/B透明的先前测量的函数/映射)来完成这一点。
在这些方法中的任何一种中,当求解牙齿体积内不同频率的可见光的光学特性(例如,光透明度和/或光吸收/光散射)时,可以做一些假设来简化程序。例如,该方法可以假设牙齿上的牙釉质具有均匀的光学特性(例如,透明度、吸收以及散射等)。因此,光学特性的任何估计可以一致地应用于建模的牙齿或牙齿区域。可选地,该方法可以假设单个牙齿(或牙齿组)具有相似或相同的光学特性。因此,当对多于一个牙齿或牙齿组进行建模时,该方法可以分别对这些不同的牙齿组进行建模,以确定模型中不同的牙齿或牙齿组的光学特性。最后,该方法可以假定牙釉质内每个点或子体积(例如体素)在某个分辨率下的光学特性可以具有不同的值;因此,该方法可以计算这些光学特性的映射或模型,这些映射或模型可以对应于体模型(例如,由近红外成像生成的模型)。
如上所提到的,从近红外波长获得的体模型以及光学特性(其形成组合可见光体光模型)可用于构建具有与该患者的天然牙齿的光学特性相似或相同的光学特性的牙齿或牙齿(或多个牙齿)的一部分的模型。此信息可用于生成(单颗或多颗)牙齿的更精确数字模型和/或更准确的物理模型,如修复性植入体。例如,可以通过使用与所识别的光学特性和体结构对应的材料进行3D建模来制造修复性植入体。
尽管上述示例性方法通常使用从近红外扫描和建模获得的体信息来确定内部结构(例如除可见光(例如RGB)波长之外的牙本质和牙釉质之间的区域),但是这些方法中的任何一种可以可选地或附加地与特别是红色的可见光波长(例如,波长范围在大约650nm、例如在600-750nm之间、在600-740nm之间、在600-730nm之间、在600-720nm之间、600-710nm之间以及600-700nm之间等)一起使用。在一些变型中,近红外波长和可见光波长二者都可以用于确定牙齿的体模型(或可以组合的多个体模型),并且附加的光学特性可以用于确定牙齿的颜色和/或透明度。
例如,在一个例子中,可以使用从可见光波长(如红色)导出的体数据来确定被替换或模拟的牙齿中牙本质的相对位置,并可以估计模拟的牙齿或牙齿部分的光学特性。内部结构可以在模型中形成(例如,作为修复性植入体和/或数字模型的一部分),并且可以使用具有估计或匹配的颜色的牙釉质。
在另一个示例中,可以使用从可见光波长(例如红色)导出的体数据来确定牙本质在牙齿中的相对位置,并且可以使用有关牙本质和牙釉质的光学特性的先验信息(例如,诸如对于牙本质平均颜色、散射和吸收的值等,以及对于牙釉质吸收和散射的值)。该信息然后可以用于生成模型,例如,如上所述的牙齿的修复性植入体。
这里还描述了这样的方法,其中可以通过单独地用可见光光谱内的光的波长直接扫描来确定牙齿或牙齿区域的光学特性(例如,光吸收、光透射、光反射以及光发射等),并且可以为每个波长生成针对每个波长的体估计。该信息可以单独地提供每个颜色分量,并且最终信息可以用于确定每个颜色分量在体积内的深度处的贡献。在该示例中,使用每个不同的波长(例如,红色、蓝色和绿色波长)的体重建可以提供这些波长中的每个对将要建模的最终光学特性的贡献的估计。例如,尽管蓝色波长的光穿透牙齿的程度通常非常低,并且因此体信息的穿透深度可能相当低,但是可以将该信息与其他可见波长的体模型组合在一起,以提供牙齿的可见特性的模型。
例如,可以使用体反向传播或任何其他适当的方法来估计使用每个可见光波长的体模型。扫描仪可以提供针对相对于牙齿的可见光波长的发射/感测的位置信息,以及从已知位置用每个波长拍摄的多个不同图像。信息的这种组合然后可以用于求解被扫描的牙齿内的体信息。
结合了每个可见(例如,RGB)波长的体重建的组合模型可以用于形成更准确的数字模型,该数字模型又可以用于生成物理模型,例如修复性植入体。例如,允许指定每个体素的RGB组件的三维打印机可以接收对于重建体积内每个体素的此信息。
示例
本文所述的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质可以与诸如口内扫描仪的扫描仪一起使用,或者可以包括诸如口内扫描仪的扫描仪,该扫描仪在近红外(穿透性)光和可见光(例如,白光,在约400-600nm)的照明下进行扫描。例如,图3A和3B示出了这种口内扫描仪。除了使用穿透波长(如近红外照明(例如850nm))外,使用可见光还可以允许确定除了体特性之外的光学特性。可见光体模型可以包括并关联两种类型的信息(例如,内部和外部结构信息以及光学特性),该信息可以生成更精确的(单颗或多颗)牙齿的映射,该映射图可以例如在制作牙科修复体的过程中被用于更精确地识别(和之后匹配)牙齿的颜色、透明度和着色。可见光体模型可以与一种或多种技术(例如3D打印)一起使用,以修复或产生具有匹配的光学特性的原始牙齿的全部或部分的整个3D结构,从而得到针对牙科修复体(例如,牙冠和植入体)的牙齿的更好模拟。可以如本文所述使用例如与牙齿表面的3D扫描结合的近红外和/或透射照明扫描来生成原始体模型。
本文描述的方法和设备可以包括用于生成受试者的口内区域(例如,单颗或多颗牙齿、牙龈以及颌等)的三维(3D)模型的口内扫描仪以及使用此类扫描仪的方法,该模型可以包括牙齿的内部特征并且还可以包括表面的模型。例如,图3A示出了可以如本文描述的被配置或适配为生成具有表面和内部特征两者的3D模型的口内扫描仪301的一个示例。如图3B中示例性示出的,示例性口内扫描仪可以包括棒303,该棒303可以由操作员(例如,牙医、牙科保健员以及技师等)手持并且在受试者的(单颗或多颗)牙齿上移动以扫描表面和内部结构二者。所述棒可以包括一个或多个传感器305(例如,诸如CMOS、CCD以及检测器等的相机)和一个或多个光源309、310、311。在图3B中,示出了三个光源:第一光源309,其配置为发出用于检测表面特征的第一光谱范围内的光(例如,可见光、单色可见光等;该光不必须是可见光);第二彩色光源(例如,波长范围在400-700nm之间的白光,例如大约在400-600nm之间);以及第三光源311,其配置为发出用于检测牙齿内的内部特征的第二光谱范围内的光(例如,通过透照法、小角度穿透成像、激光荧光法等,通常可以将其称为例如在近红外中的穿透成像)。尽管在图3B中示出了单独的照明源,但是在一些变型中,可以使用可选择的光源。光源可以是任何适合的光源,包括LED、光纤等。所述棒303可以包括一个或多个控件(按钮、开关、转盘、触摸屏等)以辅助控制(例如,打开/关闭棒等);以及可选地或附加地,未示出的一个或多个控件可以存在于口内扫描仪的其他部分上,例如脚踏板、键盘、控制台以及触摸屏等。
通常,可以使用任何适当的光源,特别是与被检测的模式匹配的光源。例如,这些设备中的任何一个都可以包括可见光源或用于表面检测的其他(包括不可见的)光源(例如,波长在680nm或大约为680nm,或者为其他适合的波长)。还可以包括用于彩色成像的彩色光源,通常是可见光源(例如,“白光”光源)。另外,还可以包括用于穿透成像的穿透光源(例如,红外线,诸如特别是近红外光源)。
口内扫描仪301还可包括一个或多个处理器,其包括链接的处理器或远程处理器,均用于控制棒303的操作,包括协调扫描以及检查和处理包括表面和内部特征的3D模型的扫描和生成。如图3B所示,一个或多个处理器313可以包括存储器315,或者可以与存储器315耦接,该存储器315用于存储扫描数据(表面数据、内部特征数据等)。也可以包括通信电路317(其包括无线通信电路或有线通信电路),其用于与系统的组件(包括棒)或包括外部处理器的外部组件进行通信。例如,系统可以被配置为发送和接收扫描或3D模型。还可以包括一个或多个用于输出或呈现信息的附加输出件319,该附加输出件319包括显示屏、打印机等。如上所述,可以包括输入件321(按钮、触摸屏等),并且该设备可以允许或请求用于控制扫描和其他操作的用户输入。
本文描述的任何设备和方法均可用于扫描和/或识别牙釉质和/或牙本质中的内部结构,例如裂缝、龋齿(蛀牙)和损伤。因此,本文描述的任何设备可以被配置为执行扫描,该扫描可以用于使用穿透波长或穿透波长的光谱范围来检测内部结构。本文还描述了用于检测裂缝、龋齿和/或损伤或其他内部特征(例如牙齿填充物等)的方法。可以使用多种穿透式扫描技术(穿透成像)或将其结合到设备中,所述多种穿透式扫描技术包括但不限于透照法和小角度穿透成像,这两种技术均检测来自或穿过组织(例如,来自或穿过单颗或多颗牙齿)的穿透波长的光的通过。
图3C示出了经配置以进行表面扫描(例如,使用可见光进行非穿透性扫描)和使用近红外(IR)波长进行穿透性扫描的口内扫描仪的示意图。在图3C中,扫描仪包括偏振器(例如,线性偏振器281)和滤光器283,以阻挡从牙齿表面反射的近红外光,同时仍收集从内部结构反射的近红外光。在此示例中,以已知的偏振(P)(在此示例中为850nm)施加近红外光;发出的光照亮牙齿,并且从牙齿表面(例如牙釉质)反射的镜面光在保持镜面偏振状态的情况下被反射。相反,照射在诸如牙本质的内部特征上的光可能被散射,这可以改变偏振状态。在口内扫描仪内,通过棒返回到传感器(例如,CMOS检测器)的光首先通过滤光器被过滤283,该滤光器将散射的(S)光从内部结构传输到检测器,但不将具有原始偏振(P)的镜面光传递到检测器。具有或不具有偏振滤光器的其他口内扫描仪配置(例如图3C所示的那些)可用作探头的一部分。
本文所述的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质可以提供牙齿的更详细的视觉特性,并且还可以或者可选地允许牙齿的内部结构的自动的和/或更精确的3D修复。这些益处可以使得修复体更接近原始牙齿,同时对于光条件、照明角度、视角、背景、光谱和影响牙科植入体外观的其他因素(包括诸如人造牙齿、牙冠、假牙、牙齿贴面、齿桥等的修复体)更具有鲁棒性。
牙齿的内部和表面特征的重建(例如,使用诸如牙本质和牙釉质厚度的内部区域的分割)可以用作修复实验室数据,以生成单颗牙齿、多颗牙齿或单颗或多颗牙齿的一部分的3D重建。因此,可以将包括内部结构的患者牙齿的模型(例如,体模型或表示体模型的数据)转换为修复实验室数据,其将允许更准确地手动形成植入体(例如,人造牙齿、牙冠、假牙以及牙齿贴面等)或自动形成植入体(例如,通过3D打印或机器人形成)。使用这些体模型可以促进植入体的形成,其复制或模仿作为植入体的一部分的牙齿的内部结构、透明度和颜色(色相和强度等),并且从而最佳地类似于患者的真实牙齿。
在本文所述的用于对表面和内部结构进行建模的任何方法和设备中,设备(例如,扫描仪)可以被配置为同时记录来自牙齿的颜色(例如,可见光、RGB等)数据,并且该颜色信息可以被包括作为体模型数据的一部分(例如,三维重建)。这些体模型可以通过包括体积可见光信息而适于形成可见光体模型。
下面提供了口内扫描仪的示例及操作它们以生成体模型的方法。穿透性图像(例如使用近红外的口内扫描仪拍摄的图像)可以生成牙齿的体模型。基于可见光体模型引擎提供的更精确的牙齿结构和光学特性,可以按照本文的描述将该体模型修改为包含光学特性信息,并可以用于构建牙科修复体装置。参见例如下面描述的图4B。尽管本文所述的方法和设备是在使用近红外或红外光来确定内部结构的背景下提供的,但是这些方法和设备中的任何一种以及特别地用于建模和构造更精确的牙科植入体的方法可以结合提供牙齿内部结构的其他成像技术,或者所述其他成像技术一起使用,所述其他成像技术包括例如X射线或CBCT成像。
当使用近红外时,可以由通过口内扫描仪收集的近红外或红外图像(或可以穿透牙齿表面的任何其他波长,例如800nm、850nm、900nm等)形成体模型。体模型可以包括内部牙齿结构的3D密度映射、外表面和/或外表面与牙本质之间的区域的光学特性的3D映射、牙本质等(例如,针对牙齿模型内部的每个点或体素),以及可选地不同的结构的分割(例如牙本质、牙釉质和/或分隔它们的表面)。
本文所述的任何口内扫描仪都可以被配置为实时捕获上述三种或多种成像模式:例如,表面3D扫描、牙齿表面的RGB颜色捕获、以及能够穿透牙齿表面和牙齿内部的图像结构的近红外或红外图像。该信息(以及尤其是穿透性图像)可用于产生牙齿的体映射。同时或近似同时捕获至少这三种成像模式的能力(例如,通过在它们之间快速扫描)可以允许产生(单颗或多颗)牙齿的三维模型,其可以被修改成包括光学特性,例如光吸收、光反射、光透射和/或光发射。因此,该信息可用于产生精确的牙科植入体,包括牙齿替换物或修复体,例如牙冠、牙齿贴面、假牙、齿桥等。
在修复性治疗中,修复性植入体(例如,牙冠或齿桥)可以使用用来对植入体进行着色和上釉的信息。本文所述的方法、系统和/或计算机可读介质可以至少为外表面以及外表面与牙本质之间的区域产生牙齿内部和外部结构以及3D光学特性的一个或多个模型。
图4A示出了用于形成如当前正在处理的假牙(例如,牙科修复体)2701的方法的处理流程的示例。这些步骤可以包括对患者的牙齿进行测量,其包括要修正的牙齿和患者的其他牙齿2703。这些测量可以手动进行(例如,使用牙齿的铸模)和/或使用数字扫描仪(例如,口内扫描仪)进行。这些方法还可以从初始体模型中生成可见光体模型2705。在如上所述对光学特性进行迭代处理之后,所得的光学特性匹配可以基于牙齿的整体印象。取决于最初如何设置/分配光学特性,它们的空间分布可能非常有限。可以将所有这些信息发送到实验室2709以制造植入体2711,然后可以检查其是否适合2713(并且如果不适合则进行修改)并将其安装在患者上2715。
口内扫描仪可用于提供患者牙齿的表面测量,并可以适于为体积内的体素提供光学特性。
体积内的光学特性可能与牙釉质的厚度有关,当已知外表面和牙本质的三维分布时,可以很容易地估计出牙釉质的厚度。因此,光学特性信息可以与来自牙齿的原始体模型的形状和/或可见光信息组合。如图4B所述,可使用口内扫描仪2726制备修复植入体2701,该口内扫描仪可提供包括3D维度的数据的被扫描牙齿的体映射和光学特性二者;该信息可以直接地(数字地)用于形成植入体,或者可以将其发送到实验室以根据数据形成植入体2729。然后可以检查植入体是否适合2713(并且如果不适合则进行修改),并将其安装在患者上2715。
使用近红外和/或红外数据来增强被扫描牙齿的体数据允许体模型内(或与体模型相关的单独数据结构中)的光学特性的关联。
在实践中,实验室可能会收到3D测量要求的信息以及有关其在体积内的光学特性的信息。口内扫描仪(IOS)可以被配置为自动获取3D和牙齿光学特性。
本文描述的任何方法(包括用户接口)都可以实现为软件、硬件或固件,并且可以描述为存储能够由处理器(例如,计算机、平板电脑、智能手机等)执行的一组指令的非暂时性计算机可读存储介质,当该指令被处理器执行时,促使处理器控制来执行以下任何步骤,包括但不限于:显示、与用户通信、分析、修改参数(包括计时、频率以及强度等)、确定以及发出警报等。
当特征或元件在本文中被称为在另一特征或元件“上”时,它可以直接位于该另一特征或元件上,和/或也可能存在中间的特征和/或元件。相反,当特征或元件被称为“直接在”另一特征或元件“上”时,则不存在中间特征或元件。还应理解,当特征或元件被称为“连接”、“附接”或“耦接”至另一特征或元件时,它可以直接连接、附接或耦接至该另一特征或元件,或可能存在中间的特征或元件。相反,当特征或元件被称为“直接连接”、“直接附接”或“直接耦接”至另一特征或元件时,则不存在中间的特征或元件。虽然相对于一个实施例描述或示出,但是这样描述或示出的特征和元件可以应用于其他实施例。本领域的技术人员还将认识到,对于“邻近”另一特征设置的结构或特征的参考可以具有与相邻特征重叠或位于邻近特征下方的部分。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的,并且不旨在限制本发明。例如,除上下文明确说明之外,如本文所用的,单数形式“a(一)”、“an(一)”和“the(该)”旨在同样包括复数形式。应当进一步理解,术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”当在本说明书中使用时,指定所陈述的特征、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在,但不排除存在或添加一个或更多个其它特征、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的组。如本文所用的,术语“和/或”包括相关联的所列项目中的一种或更多种的任意和全部组合,并且可缩写为“/”。
空间相关的术语,诸如“以下(under)”、“在下方(below)”、“低于(lower)”、“在上方(over)”以及“上部(upper)”等可在本文中使用,以便于描述如附图所示的一个元件或特征与另一个元件或特征,或与另外多个元件或特征的关系。将理解的是,空间相关的术语旨在除了附图中描绘的取向之外还包括使用或操作中的装置的不同取向。例如,如果附图中的装置被倒置,则被描述为在其他元件或特征“以下(under)”或“下方(beneath)”的元件则将被取向为在其他元件或特征“上方(over)”。因此,示例性术语“以下(under)”可以包括上方和下方两个取向。该装置可以另外地取向(旋转90度或处于其它取向),并且本文使用的空间相对描述词被相应地解释。类似地,除非另外特别说明之外,术语“向上(upwardly)”、“向下(downwardly)”、“垂直(vertical)”、“水平(horizontal)”等在本文中仅用于说明的目的。
虽然术语“第一”和“第二”在本文中可以用于描述各种特征/元件(包括步骤),但是这些特征/元件不应该受这些术语的限制,除非上下文另有说明。这些术语可以用于将一个特征/元件与另一特征/元件区分开。因此,在不脱离本发明的教导的情况下,下面讨论的第一特征/元件可以被称为第二特征/元件,并且类似地,下面讨论的第二特征元件可以被称为第一特征/元件。
在本说明书和所附权利要求书中,除非上下文另有要求,词语“包括”以及诸如“包括(comprises)”和“包括(comprising)”的变型意味着可以在方法和制品中共同使用各种组件(例如包括装置和方法的组合物以及设备)。例如,术语“包括(comprising)”将被理解为暗示包含任何所述元件或步骤,但不排除任何其它元件或步骤。
通常,本文描述的任何设备和方法应被理解为是包容性的,但是组件和/或步骤的全部或子集可以可选地是排他的,并且可以表示为“由...组成”或“主要由”各个组件、步骤、子组件或子步骤“组成”。
如本文在说明书和权利要求书中所用的,包括在实施例中所用的,除非另外明确说明,所有数字可以被理解为就像以词语“大约(about)”或“近似(approximately)”开头,即使该术语没有明确出现。当描述幅度和/或位置以指示所描述的值和/或位置在值和/或位置的合理预期范围内时,可以使用短语“大约”或“近似”。例如,数值可以具有为所述值(或值的范围)的+/-0.1%、所述值(或值的范围)的+/-1%、所述值(或值的范围)的+/-2%、所述(或值的范围)的+/-5%、所述值(或值的范围)的+/-10%的值等。本文所给出的任何数值应被理解为包括大约该值或近似该值,除非上下文另有说明。例如,如果公开了值“10”,则也公开了“大约10”。本文叙述的任何数值范围旨在包括包含在其中的所有子范围。还应该理解的是,如本领域技术人员所适当理解的那样,当值被公开为“小于或等于”该值时,也公开了“大于或等于该值”和在值之间的可能范围。例如,如果值“X”被公开了,则“小于或等于X”以及“大于或等于X”(例如,其中X是数值)也被公开。应该理解的是,在整个申请中,以多种不同格式提供了数据,并且该数据表示结束点和起始点以及对于数据点的任何组合的范围。例如,如果公开了特定数据点“10”和特定数据点“15”,则应理解的是,认为公开了大于、大于或等于、小于、小于或等于以及等于10和15以及在10和15之间。还应该理解的是,也公开了两个特定单元之间的每个单元。例如,如果公开了10和15,则还公开了11、12、13和14。
虽然上面描述了各种说明性实施例,但是在不脱离如权利要求所描述的本发明的范围的情况下,可以对各种实施例进行若干改变中的任一个。例如,在可选实施例中,通常可以改变执行各种所描述的方法步骤的顺序,并且在其他可选实施例中,可以一起跳过一个或多个方法步骤。各种装置和系统实施例的可选特征可以被包括在一些实施例中而不被包括在其它实施例中。因此,前面的描述主要被提供用于示例性目的,并且不应被解释为限制如在权利要求中阐述的本公开的范围。
本文所包括的示例和说明通过说明而非限制的方式示出其中可以实践主题的具体实施例。如所提及的,可以利用其他实施例并从中导出其他实施例,从而可以在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下进行结构和逻辑上的替换和改变。仅为了方便,本文中可以单独地或共同地用术语“发明”来指代本发明主题的这些实施例,并且不旨在将本申请的范围主动地限制为任何单个发明或发明概念,如果实际上多于一个发明或发明概念被公开的话。因此,虽然本文中已经说明和描述了特定实施例,但是预测为实现相同目的的任何布置可以代替所示的特定实施例。本公开旨在覆盖各种实施例的任何和所有修改或变型。通过阅读以上描述,以上实施例的组合以及本文中未具体描述的其他实施例对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的。
Claims (40)
1.一种为患者制作牙科修复体以使所述牙科修复体具有与患者牙齿的光学特性相匹配的光学特性的方法,所述方法包括:
从以近红外波长和可见光波长二者操作的三维口内扫描仪生成或接收所述患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中所述体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸到牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示,其中所述体模型内的牙本质和牙釉质的厚度、形状和分布基于近红外波长数据;
根据所述三维口内扫描仪的相机的位置以及所述体模型内的牙本质和牙釉质的厚度、形状和分布来估计以下中的两个或更多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射;
将估计值添加到所述体模型以形成可见光体模型;以及
根据所述可见光体模型制造牙科修复体,其中所述牙科修复体的表面和内部结构具有基于所述可见光体模型的光学特性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述可见光体模型包括:针对与要通过所述牙科修复体修复的患者牙齿相邻的牙齿的所述患者牙齿的至少一部分的可见光体模型。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,制作所述牙科修复体包括生成包括多个体素的所述牙科修复体的体模型,其中,该修复体的体模型的体素具有基于所述可见光体模型的体素的值的值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,估计所述值包括估计以下中的两个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,估计所述值包括估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的在三个或更多个可见光波长下的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述三个或更多个可见光波长包括一个或多个红色波长、绿色波长和蓝色波长。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,估计包括通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为通过参数估计而确定的预先确定的先验值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,估计包括通过基于与当利用三维口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的RGB数据相比的重建体积和相机的位置进行迭代来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射,以便确定接近光学特性的值。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,估计包括通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为从有代表性的患者群体确定的预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射,其中,所述先验值是使用以下中的一个或多个而选择的:当利用三维口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的测得的RGB数据、体积信息、以及患者信息。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,体积信息包括从牙齿表面经过牙釉质到达牙本质的路径长度。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中,患者信息包括以下各项中的一个或多个:患者年龄、性别、估计的颌形状。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在估计以下中的一个或多个的值之前将所述体模型划分为多个子区域:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
14.一种非暂时性计算机可读介质,其存储由处理器执行以制备具有与患者牙齿的光学特性相匹配的光学特性的牙科修复体的指令;其中,当所述指令被执行时使得所述处理器:
从以近红外波长和可见光波长二者操作的三维口内扫描仪生成或接收所述患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中该体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示;
根据所述体模型、在扫描患者牙齿时记录的RGB数据、以及所述三维口内扫描仪的相机的位置来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射;
将估计值添加到所述体模型以形成可见光体模型;以及
根据所述可见光体模型制作牙科修复体。
15.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器通过生成用于根据所述可见光体模型制作所述牙科修复体的指令来制作所述牙科修复体,其中,所述牙科修复体具有从所述可见光体模型导出的内部光学特性和表面。
16.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器接收所述患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中,所述体模型包括限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素。
17.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器估计以下中的两个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
18.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的在三个或更多个可见光波长下的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
19.根据权利要求18所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述三个或更多个可见光波长包括一个或多个红色波长、绿色波长和蓝色波长。
20.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
21.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为通过参数估计确定的预先确定的先验值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
22.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器通过基于与当利用三维口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的RGB数据相比的重建体积和相机的位置进行迭代来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射,以便确定接近光学特性的值。
23.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为从有代表性的患者群体确定的预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素中的每一个的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射,其中,所述先验值是使用以下中的一个或多个而选择的:当利用三维口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的测得的RGB数据、体积信息、以及患者信息。
24.根据权利要求23所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,体积信息包括从牙齿表面经过牙釉质到达牙本质的路径长度。
25.根据权利要求23所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,患者信息包括以下各项中的一个或多个:患者年龄、性别、估计的颌形状。
26.根据权利要求14所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器在估计以下中的一个或多个的值之前将所述体模型划分为多个子区域:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
27.一种存储用于由处理器执行的指令的非暂时性计算机可读介质,当所述指令被执行时使得处理器:
生成或接收患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中所述体模型包括患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的表示;
根据所述体模型、在扫描患者牙齿时记录的RGB数据、以及三维口内扫描仪的相机的位置来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射;以及
将估计值添加到所述体模型中以形成可见光体模型。
28.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器从以近红外波长和可见光波长二者进行操作的三维口内扫描仪接收所述体模型。
29.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器接收所述患者牙齿的至少一部分的体模型,其中,所述体模型包括限定患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的多个体素。
30.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器估计以下中的两个或多个的值:光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
31.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器估计以下中的一个或多个的值:在三个或更多个可见光波长下的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
32.根据权利要求31所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述三个或更多个可见光波长包括一个或多个红色波长、绿色波长和蓝色波长。
33.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,当被执行时进一步地使得所述处理器根据所述可见光体模型制作牙科修复体。
34.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
35.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为通过参数估计而确定的预先确定的先验值:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
36.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器通过基于与当利用三维口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的RGB数据相比的重建体积和相机的位置进行迭代来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射,以便确定接近光学特性的值。
37.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器通过将以下中的一个或多个的值设置为从有代表性的患者群体确定的预先确定的先验值来估计以下中的一个或多个的值:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射;其中,所述先验值是使用以下中的一个或多个而选择的:当利用三维口内扫描仪扫描患者牙齿以生成体模型时记录的测得的RGB数据、体积信息、以及患者信息。
38.根据权利要求37所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,体积信息包括从牙齿表面经过牙釉质到达牙本质的路径长度。
39.根据权利要求37所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,患者信息包括以下各项中的一个或多个:患者年龄、性别以及估计的颌形状。
40.根据权利要求27所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质,其中,所述指令使得所述处理器在估计以下中的一个或多个的值之前将所述体模型划分为多个子区域:对于患者牙齿外表面和从患者牙齿外表面延伸至患者牙本质的牙釉质区域的一个或多个可见光波长的光吸收、光反射、光透射和光散射。
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