CN104851796B - 用于保形氮化铝的高增长速率的工艺 - Google Patents
用于保形氮化铝的高增长速率的工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104851796B CN104851796B CN201510086588.1A CN201510086588A CN104851796B CN 104851796 B CN104851796 B CN 104851796B CN 201510086588 A CN201510086588 A CN 201510086588A CN 104851796 B CN104851796 B CN 104851796B
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- substrate
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- method described
- containing aluminum
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical group N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 44
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 73
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 38
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 22
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- -1 alkyl aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] Chemical compound [Al].[Al].[Al].[Ti] OQPDWFJSZHWILH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical group [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021324 titanium aluminide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000478345 Afer Species 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003811 SiGeC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical group [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IVHJCRXBQPGLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynetungsten Chemical compound [W]#N IVHJCRXBQPGLOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002520 cambial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012705 liquid precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002500 microbody Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007592 spray painting technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
- C23C16/045—Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes; Infiltration of porous substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C23C16/303—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45544—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/458—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02172—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides
- H01L21/02175—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal
- H01L21/02178—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal the material containing aluminium, e.g. Al2O3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/02274—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/0228—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition deposition by cyclic CVD, e.g. ALD, ALE, pulsed CVD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于保形氮化铝的高增长速率的工艺,具体提供了在半导体衬底上沉积保形氮化铝膜的方法。该方法包括:(a)将衬底暴露于含铝前体;(b)清扫所述含铝前体持续不足以基本上去除气相中的所有的所述含铝前体的时间;(c)将衬底暴露于含氮前体以形成氮化铝;(d)清扫含氮前体;以及(e)重复(a)至(d)。获得提高的增长速率和100%的台阶覆盖率和保形性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体处理领域,具体涉及处理半导体衬底的方法和装置。
背景技术
半导体器件的各种薄膜层可利用原子层沉积(ALD)工艺沉积。但是,现有的ALD工艺可能不适合用于高度保形的电介质膜沉积。例如,许多现有的ALD工艺不能同时提供高产率(快速沉积)和高保形性。
发明内容
本发明提供了在半导体衬底上沉积保形氮化铝和例如其它金属氮化物和金属氧化物等其它材料的方法。
一方面涉及一种在反应室中处理具有特征的半导体衬底的方法。该方法包括:(a)将衬底暴露于含铝前体持续足以使其基本上吸附到所述衬底的表面上的时间;(b)从所述反应室清扫所述含铝前体持续不足以从气相基本上去除所有的所述含铝前体的时间;(c)将衬底暴露于含氮前体持续足以驱动热介导的反应以在所述衬底的表面上形成氮化铝层的时间,使得所述氮化铝层对于所述衬底基本上是保形的并具有约或更大的厚度;(d)从所述反应室清扫气相中的所述含氮前体;以及(e)重复(a)至(d)。在一些实施方式中,在(a)至(d)的循环期间沉积的氮化铝的量为至少约 在一些实施方式中,在(a)至(d)的循环期间沉积的氮化铝的量为至少约在一些实施方式中,所述氮化铝层具有至少约80%的台阶覆盖率。在多种实施方式中,在介于约250℃和约450℃之间的工艺温度下处理所述衬底。可以在介于约0.01乇至约10乇之间的压强下处理所述衬底。
在许多实施方式中,所述含铝前体是三甲基铝(TMA)。在许多实施方式中,所述含氮前体是氨(NH3)。在一些实施方式中,使氮气(N2)流动以清扫所述含铝前体,并使氮气(N2)流动以清扫所述含氮前体。在许多实施方式中,所述含铝前体被清扫持续约2秒。在许多实施方式中,衬底暴露于所述含铝前体持续约7.5秒至约30秒。在多种实施方式中,所述衬底暴露于所述含铝前体的时间比清扫所述含铝前体的时间的比率介于约3.75:1至约15:1之间。
在一些实施方式中,所述衬底的所述特征具有至少约2:1的深宽比。在一些实施方式中,所述衬底的所述特征具有小于约100nm的开口。在多种实施方式中,处理显示实质上无图案加载。
另一方面涉及一种用于在衬底表面上沉积膜的装置,该装置包括:反应室,其包括用于保持所述衬底的基座;用于耦合到真空的至少一个出口;耦合到两个或更多个前体源的一个或多个工艺气体入口;和控制器,其用于控制所述装置中的操作。所述控制器包括用于下述操作的机器可读指令:(a)将第一前体引入所述反应室持续足以使所述第一前体基本上吸附到所述衬底的所述表面上的时间;(b)清扫所述反应室持续不足以从气相基本上去除所有的所述第一前体的时间;(c)将第二前体引入所述反应室持续足以在所述衬底表面上形成层的时间,使得所述层对于所述衬底基本上是保形的并具有约或更大的厚度;(d)清扫所述反应室持续足以从气相去除所述第二前体的时间;以及(e)重复(a)至(d)。
在一些实施方式中,所述控制器还包括用于执行(a)持续的时间比用于执行(b)持续的时间长约3.75至约15倍的指令。在多种实施方式中,用于引入所述第一前体的指令包括将所述第一前体从所述第一前体的贮存器的顶部空间抽吸到所述室。在一些实施方式中,用于引入所述第一前体的指令还包括使带有所述第一前体的载气在对所述顶部空间的所述第一前体的抽吸的下游以及在所述反应室的上游流动。
这些方面以及其它方面在下面参照附图进一步描述。
附图说明
图1是根据所公开的实施方式的沉积氮化铝的方法的工艺流程图。
图2是根据所公开的实施方式的脉冲的时序图。
图3A和图3B是用于实施各种实施方式的室的实施例的示意图。
图4是用于实施各种实施方式的装置的实施例的示意图。
图5、图6A、图6B、和图7是根据所公开的实施方式的实验示出的所沉积的膜的图像。
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,阐述了许多具体细节以便提供对提出的实施方式的透彻理解。所公开的实施方式可以在没有这些具体细节的一些或所有的情况下实施。在其它情况下,未详细描述公知的方法操作以便不会不必要地模糊所公开的实施方式。尽管将会结合具体实施方式描述所公开的实施方式,但是应当理解,这些实施方式并不旨在限制所公开的实施方式。
半导体器件的制造通常涉及在集成制造工艺中的非平坦结构上沉积一个或多个薄膜。在集成工艺中的一些方面,沉积与衬底形貌一致的薄膜会是有用的。例如,一些前道工艺可能涉及保形膜的沉积。示例性的衬底可以包括具有深宽比为至少约2:1、或至少约4:1、或至少约6:1、或至少约10:1的特征的衬底。用于前道工艺的保形膜的实例包括硬掩模、蚀刻停止和封装层。使用这种膜制造的前道结构包括晶体管(例如,鳍式场效应晶体管)和含金属的存储器设备。
原子层沉积(ALD)工艺使用表面介导的沉积反应以逐层地沉积膜。在ALD工艺的一个实施例中,包括表面活性位点群的衬底表面暴露于气相分布的一定剂量的第一前体。该第一前体的一些分子可以在衬底表面上形成凝结相,包括第一前体的化学吸附物质和/或物理吸附的分子。然后将反应器抽空以除去气相的第一前体,以便仅仅被吸附物质保留。第二前体可以随后被引入到反应器中,使得这些分子中的一些吸附到衬底表面。反应器然后可以再次抽空以除去未被结合的第二前体分子。热能可激活第一前体和第二前体之间的表面反应以形成膜层。在一些工艺中,第二前体与被吸附的第一前体立即反应。在其它实施方式中,第二前体仅在暂时使用激活源后才反应。额外的ALD循环可以被用于构建膜厚度。
传统的ALD工艺(如上文描述的那一种)形成高度保形的膜。膜的保形性往往是通过台阶覆盖率来度量。台阶覆盖率可以通过比较在特征的底部、侧壁、或顶部上的所沉积的膜的平均厚度与在特征的底部、侧壁、或顶部上的所沉积的膜的平均厚度来计算。例如,可以通过将侧壁上的所沉积的膜的平均厚度除以在特征的顶部所沉积的膜的平均厚度并乘以100以获得百分数来计算台阶覆盖率。传统的ALD工艺可以沉积具有接近100%的台阶覆盖率的膜。
然而,尽管所沉积的膜是高度保形的,但常规的ALD工艺具有低的沉积增长速率,诸如,例如,每个循环沉积的氮化铝介于约和之间,或每个循环沉积的氮化铝不到一个单层。较低的增长速率导致了较低的生产效率,从而导致较低的产率。
使用化学气相沉积(CVD)和物理气相沉积(PVD)观察到较高的沉积增长速率。然而,在这些工艺中,沉积的膜具有低的保形性,台阶覆盖率介于约50%至约70%之间。这样,现有的工艺不能沉积同时具有高增长速率和高保形性的保形膜。
本发明提供了以高的增长速率沉积高度保形薄膜的方法。所述方法涉及结合类CVD反应(CVD-like reactions)与ALD表面反应的改性的ALD法。类CVD条件因没有显著的保形性损失而被提倡。所述方法可以涉及低的清扫比投配(purge to dose)的比率,所沉积的膜的形成很大程度上通过热介导的反应而不是通过等离子体激活的反应来驱动。与常规的ALD法相比,所沉积的膜会表现出高约4至约7倍的高增长速率,从而提高了产率并降低了处理衬底的成本。所述方法还表现出高度保形的沉积膜,台阶覆盖率显著大于70%,例如约100%。
可以执行这些方法以沉积适合用作保形硬掩模、蚀刻停止膜、封装膜、或一个或多个堆栈(例如栅极)层、存储器堆栈(例如,磁性RAM堆栈)、或其它合适的半导体器件结构的膜。在一些情况下,所沉积的膜封装包括栅电极和/或栅极电介质的栅极结构。在一些实施方式中,所沉积的膜封装磁性存储器堆栈。所公开的方法可以在具有如通孔或接触孔之类的“特征”的衬底上进行,该特征可以表征为一个或多个狭窄的和/或内凹的开口、特征内的收缩部和高深宽比。特征的一个例子是在半导体衬底中或者该衬底上的层中的孔或通孔。另一个例子是在衬底或层中的沟槽。衬底可以是硅晶片,例如,200mm的晶片、300mm的晶片、或450mm的晶片,包括上面沉积具有一个或多个材料层的晶片,该材料如电介质材料、导电材料或半导电材料。特征可以在这些层中的一层或多层中形成。在一些实施方式中,特征可以具有至少约2:1、至少约4:1、至少约6:1、至少约10:1、或更高的深宽比。特征也可具有在开口附近的这样的尺寸,即例如开口直径或线宽度介于约10nm至500nm之间(例如介于约25nm与约300nm之间)。所公开的方法可以在具有小于约150nm的开口的特征的衬底上执行。特征的通孔或沟槽可以被称为未填充的特征或可以被称为特征。
特征可具有从特征的底部、封闭端、或内部到特征开口变窄的内凹轮廓。在多种实施方式中,特征可以具有下位层,例如阻挡层或粘附层。下位层的非限制性实例包括介电层和导电层,例如,硅氧化物层、硅氮化物层、硅碳化物层、金属氧化物层、金属氮化物层、金属碳化物层和金属层。在某些实施方式中,下位层可以是氮化钛(TiN)、钛金属(Ti)、氮化钨(WN)、铝化钛(TiAl)或钛氧化物(TiOx)。在多种实施方式中,下位层可以是介电层,诸如氧化物、或氮化物、或氧氮化物。介电层的例子包括氧化硅、氮化硅、氮氧化硅、以及其它。
在许多实施方式中,所公开的方法可以在介于约250℃至约450℃,或约350℃至约400℃之间的温度下进行。在一般情况下,较高的沉积温度导致较高的沉积速率。在多种实施方式中,该方法可在介于约0.01乇和约10乇之间的压强下,或在介于约0.1乇和约1乇的压强下进行。较高的压强导致沉积空间中存在的反应物量较大,从而可提高沉积速率。所描述的方法主要通过热反应工艺驱动。在以下示例中,提供了用于180L反应室的流率。在一些情况下,根据不同的反应器结构,流率可以被调整以适应不同的容积。
图1是根据特定实施方式的沉积薄的保形膜的方法的工艺流程图。需要注意的是,所提出的以下化学过程是仅仅说明所公开的实施方式的示例。拟进行处理的衬底可以是在沉积室或沉积站中。在操作101中,衬底被暴露于第一前体-例如,含铝前体,如有机铝化合物。在一些实施方式中,含铝前体是烷基铝化合物,如三甲基铝(TMA)或氢化二甲基铝。在一些实施方式中,含铝前体是乙酸铝、烷氧基铝、或卤化铝。在许多实施方式中,暴露时间或期间足以在衬底表面上形成基本上完全饱和或吸附的层。在某些实施方式中,这种配料的暴露时间可介于约5秒和约60秒之间,如,在约7.5秒和约30秒之间。在某些实施方式中,TMA的流率可以在约10sccm至约350sccm的范围内。使衬底与反应物(例如,含铝前体)接触的工艺有时被称为“投配”。
在一些实施方式中,操作101可以通过直接从TMA源的顶部空间经由连接到放置有衬底的沉积室的管线抽取TMA来执行,其中TMA源可以是TMA的贮存器。
在一些实施方式中,操作101可通过使用载气从顶部空间引入TMA来执行,载气从TMA源的下游通过喷头引入室。载气可以是在TMA源的下游,在室或喷头的上游。在许多实施方式中,载气为惰性气体。在一些实施方式中,载气可以是氮气(N2)、氩(Ar)、氢气(H2)、或氦(He)。在一些实施方式中,载气的流率可以介于约50sccm和约1000sccm之间。当载气用来使衬底暴露于TMA时,对于介于约150sccm和约950sccm之间的载气流量,TMA的总流率可以是较高的,例如纯的TMA蒸气介于约10sccm和约200sccm之间。在一些实施方式中,TMA的总流率可以是较低的。
在操作103中,室或站被清扫持续不足以完全清除气相中的含铝前体的时间。在许多实施方式中,清扫室或站是通过使清扫气体(诸如,例如,氮气(N2))流动来进行的。在某些实施方式中,所述清扫气体的流率为介于约15sccm和约500sccm之间。清扫气体在第一前体流停止后引入。清扫时间或清扫的持续时间可能不足以完全清除气相中的含铝前体,使得同时存在来自操作101的表面吸附以及在反应空间中的不在衬底的表面上气相中的或松散地粘附到衬底上的残余的含铝前体。在许多实施方式中,清扫时间比投配时间的比例(例如操作102的时间比操作101的时间的比例)例如可以为介于约3:1和约20:1之间,例如,介于约3.75:1和约15:1之间。在一些实施方式中,清扫时间少于约5秒,例如介于约0.1秒和约5秒之间,或约2秒。在一些实施方式中,在操作103的清扫可以通过抽空反应室来实现。
在操作105中,将衬底暴露于第二前体(或作为示例,暴露于含氮前体)持续足以通过热反应在衬底的表面上形成例如氮化铝层的时间。在某些实施方式中,含氮的前体是氨(NH3)。在许多实施方式中,衬底被暴露于含氮前体持续介于约1秒和约60秒之间的时间,或约2.5秒的时间,或约30秒的时间。在多种实施方式中,所得到的氮化铝层具有约或更大的厚度,典型地大于/循环。在一些实施方式中,含氮前体的流率可为介于约0.1slm和约20slm之间(例如,介于约1slm和约10slm之间)。在一些实施方式中,可在暴露于含氮前体过程中使用载气。合适的载气的一个示例是氮气(N2),并且如果氮气被使用作为载气,并与含氮前体共流,则氮气可以以介于约500sccm和10slm之间的流率流动。
在操作105中,主反应是在表面上的ALD反应,使得表面扩散主导的动力学特性(kinetics)产生以形成保形氮化铝层。不受限于特定的理论,由于在操作103中的清扫后在气相中保留的残余的含铝前体和进入反应空间的含氮前体之间发生的类CVD反应,因而,在同一时间,发生在气相中的反应或发生气相成核反应。这可能有助于提高薄的保形膜的增长速率。表面扩散主导的动力学特性(与ALD相关)的强有力的作用确保保形性的保持。
在操作107中,清扫含氮前体。在许多实施方式中,清扫包括使清扫气体(诸如,例如,氮气(N2))流动。在一些实施方式中,所述清扫气体以介于约0sccm和约10,000sccm之间的流率流动介于约5秒至约10秒之间的时间,或者流动约6秒的时间。该清扫可足以从反应空间、或站、或室基本上去除气相中的所有剩余的含氮前体。
在操作109中,工作流程确定膜是否已经沉积到足够的厚度,并且如果是这样,那么沉积膜的方法完成。如果膜尚未沉积到足够的厚度,重复操作101到107,直到膜已经沉积到足够的厚度。
“循环”的概念与本发明的多种实施方式中的讨论是相关的。通常循环是执行一次表面沉积反应所需的最小操作组。一个循环的结果是在衬底表面上生产至少部分的膜层。通常情况下,一个循环将仅包括输送并吸附每种反应物到衬底表面并接着使所吸附的反应物发生反应以形成部分的膜层所需的那些步骤。当然,循环可以包括一些辅助步骤,例如扫除反应物或副产物中的一种和/或处理如所沉积的部分的膜。通常,一个循环仅包含一个单一序列操作的实例。例如,一个循环可以包括如下操作:(i)反应物A的输送/吸附,(ⅱ)将反应物A的一部分扫出反应室,(ⅲ)在足以驱动反应物A和反应物B反应以在表面上形成部分的膜层的条件下输送/吸附反应物B,以及(iv)将反应物B扫出反应室。
在图2的时序200中描绘了执行如图1所示的方法的两个沉积循环。在该序列中,如210A和210B中示出的沉积循环包括第一前体的暴露、清扫、第二前体的暴露、和另一清扫。如图所示,在时序方案中,暴露阶段和清扫阶段从左侧向右侧发生,并由在序列中的线条描绘气体是否流动。
例如,在沉积循环210A中,在清扫阶段240A和280A期间,使氮气(N2)流动,清扫阶段240A和280A分别对应于在图1中执行的操作103和107。在沉积循环210B中,在清扫阶段240B和280B期间,也使氮气流动,清扫阶段240B和280B分别对应于在图1中重复的操作103和107。例如,在沉积循环210A中,TMA被示为在第一前体或TMA的暴露阶段220A期间流动的气体,暴露阶段220A对应于图1中的执行操作101。在沉积循环210B中,在TMA暴露阶段220B期间也使TMA流动,暴露阶段220B对应于图1中的重复操作101。氮气或其它载气可以连同TMA一起流动,如图2所示。例如,在沉积循环210A中,氨被示为在第二前体或氨暴露阶段260A期间流动的气体,暴露阶段260A对应于在图1中的执行操作105。在沉积循环210B中,在氨暴露阶段260B期间也使氨流动,暴露阶段260B对应于图1中的重复操作105。在这里应当注意,在第一沉积循环210A之后,对于图1中的操作109的响应是,膜还没有被沉积至足够的厚度,因此在第二沉积循环210B重复操作101到107。
例如,“配方”或单一沉积循环序列可以开始于TMA以介于约为10sccm和350sccm之间的流率暴露开始,以介于约15sccm和500sccm之间的速率流动的N2作为载气,持续介于约7.5秒和约30秒之间的时间。接着,可以关闭TMA流,而氮气可以作为清扫气体以介于约0sccm和约10,000sccm之间的流率继续流动约2秒。然后可开启氨(NH3)流,以介于约1slm和10slm之间的流率进行氨的暴露,作为载气的氮气以介于约500sccm和10slm之间的流率流动持续30秒。然后氨可与吸附的和气相的TMA反应以形成氮化铝膜。接着可以关闭氨流,而氮气可以作为清扫气体以介于约0sccm和约10,000sccm之间的流率继续流动约6秒。该示例性的沉积循环可在约0.1乇的压强下,在介于约350℃与约400℃之间的温度下进行。可以重复诸如在这里作为示例给出的沉积循环之类的沉积循环,直到沉积所期望的厚度的膜。例如,氮化铝膜可以以每循环介于约和约之间的沉积速率进行沉积。所得的氮化铝膜可具有至少约90%或约100%的台阶覆盖率,并且可以取决于所执行的沉积循环的数量。
通过本发明公开的方法所沉积的膜可导致每循环约至约或每循环至约的沉积速率或增长速率。在许多实施方式中,所沉积的膜是高度保形的,并表现出至少约80%、或至少约90%、或至少约99%、或约100%的台阶覆盖率。这些级别的保形性和沉积速率被显示为具有高深宽比(例如,约1:2或更大,或约1:6或更大)和小尺寸(例如,约100nm或更小,或者约60nm或更小的开口)的特征。在许多实施方式中,通过本发明公开的方法所沉积的膜导致很少或没有图案加载,其中图案加载或“微加载”被定义为:在相同的沉积条件下,使相同的晶片不同地沉积有不同的深宽比和不同的面结构密度的膜的倾向性。
在一些实施方式中,可以使用等离子体。在使用等离子体的实施方式中,该方法可以包括:(1)将衬底暴露于含金属前体(例如含铝前体)持续足以使其吸附到所述衬底的表面上的时间;(2)清扫所述含金属前体持续不足以基本上去除气相中的所有的所述含金属前体的时间;(3)将衬底暴露于含氮前体或含氧前体,同时,启动等离子体以在衬底上形成金属氮化物或金属氧化物膜;(4)从气相清扫含氮前体;以及(5)重复(1)至(4)。在某些实施方式中,所述含金属前体是TMA。在一些实施方式中,所述清扫是通过使清扫气体(诸如,例如,氮气)流动进行的。在某些实施方式中,含氮前体是氨。在许多实施方式中,等离子体的射频(RF)功率可以是介于约13.56MHz和约40MHz之间。对于300mm晶片而言,RF功率的范围可以从每站约0千瓦至每站约2.5千瓦。在许多实施方式中,等离子体具有介于约0瓦/cm2衬底和约3.54瓦/cm2衬底之间的RF功率密度。于2011年4月11日提交的美国专利申请No.13/084,399以及2011年9月1日提交的美国专利申请No.13/224,240提供了在保形膜沉积(CFD)工艺中使用等离子体的例子,该两个专利申请的全部内容通过引用并入本发明。
在图1中所示的方法可以使用其它的化学过程实施。在操作101中的第一前体的例子包括含金属化合物,例如含铝前体,如烷基铝化合物,如三甲基铝(TMA)或氢化二甲基铝。在一些实施方式中,含铝前体是乙酸铝、烷氧基铝、或卤化铝。一般情况下,含金属前体包括有机金属化合物,如烷基金属化合物以及在沉积条件下具有高蒸气压的金属卤化物。这样的化合物以蒸气状态存在并很容易输送到衬底和吸附在其上。本发明描述的一些方法可以适用于各种金属系统的涉及有机金属或卤化物前体和氨/水(NH3/H2O)或作为半反应物的臭氧(O3)的热ALD。金属系统的实例包括钛(Ti)、铪(Hf)、锆(Zr)、锰(Mn)、钨(W)和钽(Ta)。在操作103和107所使用的清扫气体的实例包括氮气(N2)、氩(Ar)、氦(He)、氢气(H2)、氧气(O2)、以及其它。在操作105中的第二前体的例子包括含氮前体,如氨(NH3)、或叔丁胺(TBA)。第二前体的其它实例包括含氧前体,如臭氧(O3)、水蒸气(H2)、甲醇(CH4O)、乙醇(C2H6O)、过氧化物、以及其它。可与前体气体一起流动的载气的实例包括氩(Ar)、氦(He)和氮气(N2)。
装置
图3A示出了具有用于维持低气压环境的处理室主体302的原子层沉积(ALD)处理站300的实施方式的示意图。多个ALD处理站300可以被包括在共同的低压处理工具环境中。例如,图4描述了多站处理工具400的实施方式。在一些实施方式中,ALD处理站300的包括在下面详细讨论的硬件参数在内的一个或多个硬件参数可以通过编程方式由一个或多个计算机控制器350调整。
ALD处理站300与反应物输送系统301a流体地连通以输送工艺气体至分配喷头306。反应物输送系统301a包括用于混合和/或调整输送到喷头306的工艺气体的混合容器304。一个或多个混合容器入口阀320可对工艺气体导入到混合容器304进行控制。
图3B示出了用于输送反应物至喷头306的一种替代的反应物输送系统301b的示意图。一些反应物,如三甲基铝(TMA),可以以液体形式保存,然后在向处理室主体302输送时汽化并随后输送到处理室主体302。在图3B中,可以将包含在贮存器370中的工艺液体的蒸气从顶部空间372抽吸到限制器362,限制器362可以将具有载气的反应物提供到处理室主体302。贮存器可包括测量仪器365。在一些实施方式中,载气可以在工艺液体贮存器370上游,使得载气将在贮存器370中的最初从顶部空间372抽取的工艺液体的蒸气通过导管推向限制器362及随后推向室主体302。在许多实施方式中,载气可以首先流经质量流量控制器360,然后将蒸气从顶部空间372运载到限制器362。相比于不使用载气的实施方式,在这些使用载气来推动蒸气的实施方式中,蒸气流到室302中的流率可以是较高的,并且蒸气可以从顶部空间372直接抽吸到混合容器304,并且到达室主体302。
例如,图3A的实施方式包括用于汽化拟被供给到混合容器304的液体反应物的汽化点303。在一些实施方式中,汽化点303可以是加热蒸发器。从这些蒸发器产生的饱和反应物蒸气会在下游的输送管路凝结。将不兼容的气体暴露于冷凝的反应物会产生小颗粒。这些小颗粒会堵塞管路、阻碍阀门操作、污染衬底等。解决这些问题的一些方法涉及清扫和/或抽空输送管路以去除残留的反应物。然而,清扫输送管路可能会增加处理站的循环时间,降低处理站的产率。因此,在一些实施方式中,可热跟踪汽化点303下游的输送管路。在一些实例中,也可以热跟踪混合容器304。在一个非限制性的例子中,汽化点303下游的管道具有从约100℃延伸至在混合容器304的约150℃的递增的温度分布。
在一些实施方式中,液态前体或液体反应物可在液体喷射器被汽化。例如,液体喷射器可注入液体反应物的脉冲到混合容器上游的载气流中。在一个实施方式中,液体喷射器可通过从较高压到较低压使液体闪蒸而汽化反应物。在另一实例中,液体喷射器可雾化液体成分散的微滴,该分散的微滴随后在加热输送管汽化。较小的液滴比较大的液滴会汽化得较快,从而减少液体注入和完全汽化之间的延迟。较快的汽化可以减少汽化点303下游的管路长度。在一种情况下,液体喷射器可直接安装到混合容器304。在另一个方案中,液体喷射器可直接安装到喷头306。
在一些实施方式中,汽化点303上游的液体流量控制器(LFC)可以被提供来对液体的质量流的汽化以及向处理站300的输送进行控制。例如,LFC可包括位于LFC下游的热质量流量计(MFM)。然后该LFC的柱塞阀可响应于由与该MFM电气通信的比例-积分-微分(PID)控制器提供的反馈控制信号进行调节。然而,它可能需要一秒或更多时间来使用反馈控制以稳定液流。这会延长投配液体反应物的时间。因此,在一些实施方式中,LFC可以在反馈控制模式和直接控制模式之间进行动态切换。在一些实施方式中,这可以通过禁用LFC和PID控制器的传感管进行。
喷头306朝向衬底312分配工艺气体。在图3A所示的实施方式中,衬底312位于喷头306的下方,并显示被搁置在基座308上。喷头306可具有任何合适的形状,并且可以具有用于分配工艺气体到衬底312的任何合适数量和布置的端口。
在一些实施方式中,微体积307位于喷头306下方。在微体积中而不是在处理站的整个体积中实践所公开的实施方式可以减少反应物暴露和清扫时间,可以减少用于改变工艺条件(如压力,温度等)的时间,可以限制处理站的机器手暴露于工艺气体等。示例性的微体积尺寸包括,但不限于,介于0.1升和2升之间的体积。这也影响生产的产率。在一些实施方式中,所公开的实施方式不在微体积中执行。
在一些实施方式中,基座308可以升高或降低,以暴露衬底312给微体积307和/或改变微体积307的体积。例如在衬底转移阶段,基座308可以被升高以将衬底312定位在微体积307内。在一些实施方式中,微体积307可以完全包绕衬底312以及基座308的一部分,以创建高流量阻抗区域。
任选地,可将基座308在工艺的部分的期间降低和/或升高以调节微体积307内的处理压强、反应物浓度等。在处理室主体302在处理过程中保持在基本压强的一种情况下,降低基座308可使得微体积307能被抽空。微体积比处理室体积的示例性比率包括,但不限于,介于1:500和1:10之间的体积比。应理解的是,在一些实施方式中,基座高度可以经由合适的计算机控制器350通过编程方式进行调整。
在另一种情况下,调整基座308的高度可以使得等离子体密度在包含于工艺中的等离子体活化和/或处置循环期间能够变化。在该工艺阶段结束时,基座308可以在另一衬底转移阶段被降低以使得衬底312能从基座308移走。
虽然在本发明描述的示例性微体积变化指的是高度可调的基座,但应该理解的是,在一些实施方式中,喷头306的位置可以相对于基座308被调整以改变微体积307的体积。此外,应当理解的是,基座308和/或喷头306的垂直位置可以通过本公开内容的范围内的任何合适的机构来改变。在一些实施方式中,基座308可包括用于旋转衬底312的方向的旋转轴线。应该理解的是,在一些实施方式中,这些示例性调整中的一个或多个可以通过一个或多个适当的计算机控制器350以编程方式执行。
在可以如上所述使用等离子体的一些实施方式中,喷头306和基座308电连通射频(RF)电源314和匹配网络316以激励等离子体。在一些实施方式中,等离子体的能量可通过控制处理站的压强、气体的浓度、RF源功率、射频源频率以及等离子体功率脉冲时序中的一个或多个来控制。例如,RF电源314及匹配网络316可在任何合适的功率下进行操作,以形成具有自由基物质的所期望的组合物的等离子体。合适的功率的例子包括在上文中。同样地,RF电源314可以提供任何适当频率的RF功率。在一些实施方式中,RF电源314可以被配置为控制彼此独立的高频RF功率源和低频RF功率源。示例性的低频RF频率可以包括,但不限于,介于50kHz和500kHz之间的频率。示例性的高频RF频率可以包括,但不限于,介于1.8MHz和2.45GHz之间的频率。应当理解,任何合适的参数可被离散地或连续地调制以提供用于表面反应的等离子体能量。在一个非限制性实例中,等离子体功率可以间歇地施以脉冲,以相对于连续激励的等离子体减少对衬底表面的离子轰击。
在一些实施方式中,等离子体可由一个或多个等离子体监控器原位监控。在一种情形中,等离子体功率可通过一个或一个以上的电压、电流传感器(例如,VI探针)进行监控。在另一种情况下,等离子密度和/或工艺气体的浓度可以由一个或多个光发射谱传感器(OES)来测量。在一些实施方式中,一个或多个等离子体参数可基于来自这样的原位等离子体监控器的测量结果通过编程方式进行调整。例如,OES传感器可用于反馈回路中以提供对等离子体功率的编程式控制。应理解的是,在一些实施方式中,可使用其它监控器来监控等离子体和其他工艺特性。这样的监控器可包括,但不限于,红外(IR)监控器、声学监控器、以及压力传感器。
在一些实施方式中,用于控制器350的指令可以经由输入/输出控制(IOC)测序指令来提供。在一个示例中,用于设置工艺阶段的条件的指令可被包括在工艺配方的相应的配方阶段中。在某些情况下,工艺配方阶段可按顺序排列,使得用于工艺阶段的所有指令与该工艺阶段同时执行。在一些实施方式中,用于设定一个或一个以上的反应器参数的指令可以被包括在配方阶段中。例如,第一配方阶段可以包括用于设置惰性气体和/或反应气体(例如,第一前体,如TMA)的流率的指令、用于设置载气(如氮气)的流率的指令、以及用于第一配方阶段的时延指令。后续的第二配方阶段可包括用于调节或停止惰性气体和/或反应气体的流率的指令、用于调节载气或清扫气体的流率的指令、以及用于第二配方阶段的时延指令。第三配方阶段可以包括:用于设置惰性气体和/或反应气体的流率的指令,该气体与在第一配方阶段使用的气体相同或不同(例如,第二前体,如氨);用于调节载气的流率的指令;以及用于第三配方阶段的时延指令。第四配方阶段可以包括用于调节或停止惰性气体和/或反应气体的流率的指令、用于调节载气或清扫气体的流率的指令、以及用于第四配方阶段的时延指令。应当理解,这些配方阶段可进一步以在本公开的范围内的任何合适的方式细分和/或重叠。
在一些实施方式中,基座308可通过加热器310进行温控。另外,在一些实施方式中,对于处理站300的压力控制可通过蝶形阀318来提供。如图3的实施方式中所示,蝶形阀318节流由下游真空泵(未示出)提供的真空。然而,在一些实施方式中,处理站300的压力控制也可以通过改变引入到处理站300的一种或多种气体的流率进行调整。
如上所述,一个或更多个处理站可以被包括在多站式处理工具中。图4示出了具有入站加载锁402和出站加载锁404的多站式处理工具400的实施方式的示意图,入站加载锁402和出站加载锁404中的任一者或两者可包括远程等离子源。在大气压下,机械手406被配置为将晶片从经由吊舱408加载的盒通过大气端口410移动到入站加载锁402中。晶片由机械手406置于入站加载锁402中的基座412上,关闭大气端口410,并且抽空加载锁。其中,入站加载锁402包括远程等离子源,晶片可以暴露于加载锁中的远程等离子体处理中,然后被引入到处理室414。进一步,晶片也可以在入站加载锁402中被加热,例如,以除去水分和吸附的气体。接着,打开通向处理室414的室传输端口416,而另一个机械手(未示出)将晶片放置到反应器中在反应器中所示的第一站的基座上以进行处理。尽管图4中所描绘的实施方式包括加载锁,但应理解的是,在一些实施方式中,可使晶片直接进入处理站。
所描述的处理室414包括四个处理站,在图4所示的实施方式中编号从1到4。每个站具有加热基座(对于站1以418显示)以及气体管线入口。应当理解,在一些实施方式中,每一个处理站可以具有不同的用途或多个用途。例如,在一些实施方式中,处理站可以在ALD工艺模式和等离子体增强ALD工艺模式之间切换。附加地或替代地,在一些实施方式中,处理室414可以包括一个或多个匹配的成对的ALD处理站和等离子体增强ALD处理站。虽然所描绘的处理室414包括四个站,但是应当理解,根据本公开的处理室可以具有任何适当的数目的站。例如,在一些实施方式中,处理室可具有五个或更多个站,而在其它实施方式中,处理室可以具有三个或更少的站。
图4示出了用于处理室414内传送晶片的晶片搬运系统490的一个实施方式。在一些实施方式中,晶片搬运系统490可以在各种处理站之间和/或在处理站和加载锁之间传送晶片。应当理解,任何合适的晶片搬运系统可以采用。非限制性实例包括晶片旋转式传送带和晶片搬运机械手。图4还示出了用于控制处理工具400的工艺条件和硬件状态的系统控制器450的一个实施方式。系统控制器450可包括一个或多个存储器设备456、一个或多个大容量存储设备454以及一个或多个处理器452。处理器452可以包括CPU或计算机、模拟和/或数字输入/输出连接件、步进电机控制器板等。
在一些实施方式中,系统控制器450控制处理工具400的所有的活动。系统控制器450执行存储在大容量存储设备454中、加载到存储器设备456、以及在处理器452上执行的系统控制软件458。可替代地,控制逻辑可被硬编码在控制器450中。专用集成电路、可编程逻辑器件(例如,现场可编程门阵列,或FPGA)等可用于这些目的。在下面的讨论中,在使用“软件”或“代码”的任何地方,也可以使用功能上相当的硬编码逻辑件。系统控制软件458可包括用于控制时序、气体的混合物、亚饱和气流的量、室和/或站的压力、室和/或站的温度、晶片的温度、目标功率电平、RF功率电平、衬底基座、卡盘和/或底座的位置、以及通过处理工具400执行的特定工艺的其它参数的指令。系统控制软件458可以以任何合适的方式进行配置。例如,各种处理工具组件子程序或控制的对象可以被写入以控制执行各种处理工具的进程所需要的处理工具组件的操作。系统控制软件458可以以任何合适的计算机可读编程语言进行编码。
在一些实施方式中,系统控制软件458可包括用于控制上述各种参数的输入/输出控制(IOC)测序指令。在一些实施方式中可以采用存储在与系统控制器450相关联的大容量存储设备454和/或存储器设备456上的其它计算机软件和/或程序。用于此目的程序或程序段的实例包括衬底定位程序、工艺气体控制程序、压力控制程序、加热器控制程序以及等离子体控制程序。
衬底定位程序可以包括用于处理工具组件的程序代码,该处理工具组件用于将衬底装载到基座418上并控制衬底和处理工具400的其它部件之间的间隔。
工艺气体控制程序可包括用于控制气体组成(例如,TMA,氨,和如本文所述的清扫气体)和流率以及任选地用于使气体在沉积之前进入一个或多个处理站以稳定在处理站中的压力的代码。压力控制程序可以包括用于通过例如在处理站的排放系统中的节流阀调节流进处理站中的气体流量等控制处理站内的压力的代码。
加热器控制程序可包括用于控制用于加热衬底的加热单元的电流的代码。可替代地,加热器控制程序可控制传热气体(如氦)朝向衬底上的传送。
根据本发明的实施方式,等离子体控制程序可包括用于设置施加到一个或多个处理站中的处理电极的RF功率电平的代码。
根据本发明的实施方式,压力控制程序可以包括用于保持在反应室中的压力的代码。
在一些实施方式中,可能存在与系统控制器450相关联的用户界面。用户界面可以包括显示屏、装置和/或工艺条件的图形软件显示器、以及诸如定点设备、键盘、触摸屏、麦克风等用户输入设备。
在一些实施方式中,由系统控制器450调整的参数可以涉及处理条件。非限制性实例包括工艺气体组成和流率、温度、压力、等离子体条件(例如,RF偏置功率电平)、压强、温度等。这些参数可以以配方的形式提供给用户,配方可以利用所述用户界面输入。
用于监控处理的信号可以由系统控制器450的模拟和/或数字输入连接件从各种处理工具传感器提供。用于控制处理的信号可以通过处理工具400的模拟和数字输出连接件输出。可被监控的处理工具传感器的非限制性实例包括质量流量控制器、压力传感器(例如压力计)、热电偶等。经适当编程的反馈和控制算法可以与来自这些传感器的数据一起使用,以保持工艺条件。
系统控制器450可以提供用于执行上述沉积工艺的程序指令。所述程序指令可以控制多种工艺参数,如DC功率电平、RF偏置功率电平、压力、温度等。所述指令可以控制这些参数以根据本发明所描述的多种实施方式操作膜堆栈的原位沉积。
该系统控制器通常将包括一个或多个存储器设备和被配置成执行所述指令的一个或多个处理器以使该装置将执行根据本发明所述的方法。可以将包含用于控制根据本发明的处理操作的指令的机器可读介质耦合到系统控制器。
用于执行本发明所公开的方法的适当装置在下述专利中有进一步的描述和讨论:于2011年4月11日提交的、名称为“PLASMA ACTIVATED CONFORMAL FILM DEPOSITION”的美国专利申请No.13/084,399;以及2011年4月11日提交的、名称为“SILICON NITRIDE FILMSAND METHODS,”的美国专利申请No.13/084,305,这些专利申请中的每一个的全部内容并入本发明。
本发明所描述的装置/工艺可以与光刻图案化工具或工艺结合使用,例如,用于制造或生产半导体器件、显示器、发光二极管、光伏电池板等。典型地,但不必然地,此类工具/工艺将与普通的制造设施一起使用或执行。光刻图案化膜通常包括以下操作中的一些或全部,每个操作能够使用多种可用的工具:(1)使用旋涂或喷涂工具将光致抗蚀剂涂覆在工件(如衬底)上;(2)使用热板或炉或UV固化工具固化光致抗蚀剂;(3)使用例如晶片步进式曝光机之类的工具将光致抗蚀剂暴露于可见光或紫外线或X射线;(4)使光致抗蚀剂显影以便使用诸如湿式台之类的工具选择性地去除抗蚀剂,从而使其图案化;(5)通过使用干式或等离子体辅助刻蚀工具将抗蚀剂图案转移到下伏膜或工件;并且(6)使用例如射频或微波等离子体抗蚀剂剥离器之类的工具去除抗蚀剂。
实验
实验1
进行实验,以评估使用所公开的实施方式的方法沉积的特征的台阶覆盖率。在该实验中,在350℃和0.1乇下,使用7.5秒的三甲基铝(TMA)的暴露、2秒的清扫、30秒的氨(NH3)暴露、以及6秒的清扫的循环,将氮化铝层沉积在具有特征的金属电介质衬底上。该反应是完全热反应的并且没有激励等离子体。
台阶覆盖率的测量结果和计算结果示于下表1中。
表1.台阶覆盖率
图5是在衬底上沉积的氮化铝膜的图像。氮化铝的平均沉积速率为每循环约并且实现了100%的保形性。
实验2
进行实验,以评估是否因为实施所公开的实施方式而具有图案加载。在该实验中,在350℃和0.1乇下,使用7.5秒的三甲基铝(TMA)的暴露、2秒的清扫、30秒的氨(NH3)暴露、以及6秒的清扫的循环,将氮化铝层沉积在具有特征的金属电介质衬底上。该反应是完全热反应的并且没有激励等离子体。在具有2.5:1和6:1的深宽比的衬底和场式(field)或者空白的(blanket)衬底进行实验。台阶覆盖率的测量结果和计算结果示于下表2中。
表2.图案加载
图5是在2.5:1的深宽比特征上沉积的氮化铝膜的图像。图6A是在在6:1的深宽比特征上沉积的氮化铝膜的图像。图6B描绘了在场式衬底上所沉积的氮化铝膜的图像。使用所公开的实施方式沉积的层对具有大到约1:6的深宽比的特征仍然保形,并且没有观察图案加载效果。
实验3
进行实验,以评估根据不同实施方式所沉积的膜的膜质量。在该实验中,在350℃和0.1乇下,使用7.5秒的三甲基铝(TMA)的暴露、2秒的清扫、30秒的氨(NH3)暴露、以及6秒的清扫的循环,将氮化铝层沉积在具有特征的金属电介质衬底上。该反应是完全热反应的并且没有激励等离子体。图5是在湿法蚀刻测试或浸渍之前沉积的氮化铝膜的图像。
接着使用标准清洁溶液对衬底进行SC2湿法蚀刻试验,在50℃下浸渍25秒。SC2标准蚀刻剂/清洁溶液的组合物包括组成比为1:1:5的HCl、H2O2和H2O。台阶覆盖率的测量结果和计算结果示于下表3中。
表3.膜的质量
图7是湿法蚀刻试验后的经蚀刻的氮化铝膜的图像。如所示出的,蚀刻在特征的整个表面都是均匀的。计算出的侧壁与顶部的蚀刻率比为约0.97。膜质量与传统ALD的膜质量相当。即使在湿法刻蚀浸渍后,所沉积的膜的台阶覆盖率仍为约100%,从而表明膜蚀刻均匀且蚀刻速率对于整个所沉积的膜是一致的。结果还表明,尽管在沉积期间具有类CVD反应,但在侧壁上的膜的质量等同于在该结构的顶部和底部的场区中的膜的质量。这表明,在表面和在气相下产生的膜质量是等同的或相似的。
结论
虽然为了清晰理解的目的,已经在一定程度上详细描述了上述实施方式,但显而易见,可以在所附权利要求的范围内实行某些变化和改变。应当注意,有许多实现本发明的实施方式的工艺、系统和装置的替代方式。因此,本发明的实施方式应被视为说明性的,而不是限制性的,并且本发明并不限于本文给出的细节。
Claims (15)
1.一种在反应室中处理具有特征的半导体衬底的方法,该方法包括:
(a)将所述衬底暴露于含铝前体持续足以基本上吸附到所述衬底的表面上的时间;
(b)从所述反应室清扫所述含铝前体持续不足以从气相基本上去除所有的所述含铝前体的时间;
(c)将所述衬底暴露于含氮前体持续足以驱动热介导的反应以在所述衬底的所述表面上形成氮化铝层的时间,其中,所述氮化铝层对于所述衬底基本上是保形的并具有约或更大的厚度;
(d)从所述反应室清扫气相中的所述含氮前体;以及
(e)重复(a)至(d)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述氮化铝层具有至少80%的台阶覆盖率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在介于250℃和450℃之间的工艺温度下处理所述衬底。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在介于0.01乇和10乇之间的压强下处理所述衬底。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述含铝前体是三甲基铝(TMA)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述含氮前体是氨(NH3)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中清扫所述含铝前体进一步包括使氮气(N2)流动并且清扫所述含氮前体进一步包括使氮气(N2)流动。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述含铝前体被清扫持续约2秒。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述衬底暴露于所述含铝前体持续7.5秒至30秒。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述衬底暴露于所述含铝前体的时间比清扫所述含铝前体的时间的比率介于3.75:1和15:1之间。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中处理显示实质上无图案加载。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在(a)至(d)的循环期间沉积的氮化铝的量为至少。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在(a)至(d)的循环期间沉积的氮化铝的量为至少。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述衬底的所述特征具有至少2:1的深宽比。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述衬底的所述特征具有小于100nm的开口。
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-
2014
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US20160064211A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
SG10201606551TA (en) | 2016-09-29 |
KR20150097410A (ko) | 2015-08-26 |
TWI646212B (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
JP2015159282A (ja) | 2015-09-03 |
CN104851796A (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
KR101701024B1 (ko) | 2017-01-31 |
US20150235835A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
US9214334B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
TW201544619A (zh) | 2015-12-01 |
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