CN104115733A - Under-forest three-dimensional cultivation method for Dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Under-forest three-dimensional cultivation method for Dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an under-forest three-dimensional cultivation method for Dendrobium officinale. The three-dimensional cultivation method for planting the Dendrobium officinale by means of forest tree bodies, tree segments, tree blocks, stumps and under-forest matrixes in an overgrowth mode has the advantages that the Dendrobium officinale is planted on original forest resources, no independent land sources are occupied, and therefore space is saved; completely-natural growth conditions are utilized, a large amount of manpower and a large number of material resources are saved, and therefore the planting cost is saved; the natural ecological environment is utilized, so that plant diseases and insect pests are effectively reduced without the need of applying fertilizer and pesticide; products obtained through the planting method are natural, free of pollution and high in quality; according to the planting method, the under-forest land resources are sufficiently utilized, the planted Dendrobium officinale has mobility due to the use of the tree segments, the stumps, the tree blocks and the like, the space utilization rate can be greatly improved, a large area of forest land resources can be reasonably utilized, and the method can be applied to other forestry gardens where imitated wild planting is not applicable and has wide application and popularization prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (Dendrobium catenatum Lind1.) is the plant of Dendrobium stem of noble dendrobium group (Sect.Dendrobium), being distributed widely in the provinces such as China Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, is the endangered species of a kind of height evolution and specialization.
Dendrobium candidum is the famous and precious traditional Chinese medicine of treasuring, and in the ancient books and records < < Taoist Scriptures > > of Taoist school before more than 1,000 years, is listed in first of " nine immortal grass ".Dendrobium candidum contains the chemical compositions such as polysaccharide, alkaloid, luxuriant and rich with fragrance class, bibenzyl, glucosides class, amino acid, with its fresh or dry stem, be used as medicine, have nourishing Yin and clearing heat, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, strengthen immunity, eliminate tumour, suppress cancer, the effect such as anti-vocal cords fatigue, anti-angiogenic sclerosis, reduction blood sugar, anti-ageing, removing toxic substances, especially the rehabilitation after tumor radiotherapy or chemotherapy is had to special efficacy.
Along with health care and the medical value of dendrobium candidum are extensively approved, its market demand is also in continuous growth, and the large-scale breeding of dendrobium candidum is gradually in south China area expansion scale.How to realize the extensive Fast-propagation of dendrobium candidum and meet the need of market, and ensure the quality of product simultaneously, become the direction that researcher is exploring always.
, still there are some shortcomings in the booth matrix planting method of the dendrobium candidum of existing comparative maturity: the product that the investment cost of related facility is high, damage by disease and insect serious, group training seedling is degenerated is serious, need large-area plantation land used, obtain easily contaminated, quality is low and planting cost is very high.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of sylvan life stereo cultivation method that reduces damage by disease and insect, saves planting cost, greatly increases space availability ratio and can obtain a kind of dendrobium candidum of pollution-free, high-quality dendrobium candidum product.
The sylvan life ecological cultivation method that the invention provides a kind of dendrobium candidum, comprises the following steps:
(1) plantation weather and environment
Selection has the mountain region of forest microclimate, and height above sea level is below 600 meters, with fresh air, and temperature is 10 ℃～35 ℃, and relative moisture is 70%～80%;
(2) plant the selection of planting seedlings
Seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is adopted to existing tissue culture propagating hardening 7～8 months, select seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look viridescent and plant seedlings as kind without the seedling body of damage by disease and insect;
(3) plantation
Before plantation, the leafiness part of forest branch is pruned, then kind is planted seedlings and grow nonparasitically upon another plant and plant or the plantation of sylvan life matrix at above-mentioned sunny slope employing tree body, tree section, tree piece and the stub with the mountain region of forest microclimate;
(4) cultivation management after plantation
At woodland, establish Simple atomizing watering apparatus, planting sprays for latter about 3 days waters, and sprays weekly afterwards 2～3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time is at the morning 9～10 point, and the water spraying is that pH 5.5～6.5 is faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note at ordinary times the management of woodland branches and leaves, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide.
Described step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of dendrobium candidum tree body, and described dendrobium candidum tree body is grown nonparasitically upon another plant and planted concrete mode and be:
The tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant: select that bark is thicker, moisture is more and the forest of racemosus wooden fork as the tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant;
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity to grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture;
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of before plantation 3～4 days of the attached main tree body of the plantation dendrobium candidum potassium permanganate that is 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization; Sphagna as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3～5 strains are one clump, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, is fixed to the tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant; Take helical form plantation, spacing in the rows is 10～20cm; Crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture are selected in plantation position, are chosen in trunk to 3 meters of following position plantations of ground level.
Described step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of dendrobium candidum tree section, tree piece and stub, and described dendrobium candidum tree section, tree piece and the stub concrete mode of planting of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is:
Tree section, tree piece and the stub carrier of growing nonparasitically upon another plant: selecting in woods diameter after daily pruning is that the limb of tree of 10～20 centimetres is as raw material, be sawn into the tree section of 30～40 long centimetres, or according to its racemosus wooden fork shape, being directly sawn into length is the stub of 30～40 centimetres, or thickness is the tree piece of 4～6 centimetres;
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select the water binding capacity not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and the cotton cord fixture as the initial stage of growing well;
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days of the attached main tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub are 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization; Sphagna as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3～5 strains are one clump, with the sphagna parcel after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, be fixed to tree section, tree piece and the stub carrier surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant, separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on the tree section of planting dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub, and the other end is twisted into the hook-shaped branch that is suspended from trees etc. and locates or be suspended from the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods; Planting density is unsuitable too low, takes helical form plantation in tree section, and every clump of relative distance is 15cm; Crotch or the damaged coarse place of bark should be selected in field planting position; Tree section, tree piece and the stub of plantation after dendrobium candidum is placed in and is easy to hang and illumination is ventilated under suitable tree and on branch.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned plantation is more than 6 months, removes surperficial fixture cord and palm bark, only stays sphagna integument.
Described step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix, and described dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix is planted concrete mode and is:
Build in seedbed: utilize the sylvan life vacant lot of leaving unused, according to physical features, with bamboo, wood or angle bar, build long 4～12m, the simple and easy seedbed framework of wide 1.0～1.5m, the degree of depth in seedbed is 15～25cm, and the bottom in seedbed is equipped with common sunshade net or the glue grid of aperture below 5mm; Common sunshade net or glue grid distance are overhead 0.2～0.8 meter;
Matrix collocation: the material or directly select commercially available broken pine bark as the composition of cultivation matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed using natural branch, bark or leaf after daily pruning through pulverizing, more than spontaneous fermentation March, by broken branch, bark and leaf or broken pine bark after fermentation: the weight ratio preparation matrix of broken common brick or blinding=3:2;
Matrix is evenly laid on the plastic wire in seedbed to the thick 10-16cm centimetre of matrix
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days, seedbed are 0.1% with mass percent, is sprayed to and soaks into matrix.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3～5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, and planting density is unsuitable too low, by the seeding row spacing plantation of 10 * 10cm; During plantation, by spacing in the rows, dig a dark vesicle for 2-4cm centimetre, Cong Miao is grabbed and put into cave together, cover matrix, gently press.
Plantation weather and the environment of described step (1) are: the hilly and mountainous land with forest microclimate, 230 meters of height above sea level, monthly mean temperature is 11.5 ℃～32.2 ℃, high temperature season is generally May～September, maximum temperature can reach 38.7 ℃, year, relative moisture was 70%～80%, and annual rainfall is 912.5 millimeters～2747 millimeters, and sylvan life light transmittance is 25%～35%.
The present invention utilizes the grow nonparasitically upon another plant this vertical cultivation pattern of plantation and sylvan life matrix plantation dendrobium candidum of forest tree body, tree section, tree piece and stub, has following advantage:
(1) the present invention plants on original forest resourceies, does not take independently land resources, thereby has saved space.
(2) the present invention has utilized completely naturally growth conditions, saves a large amount of manpower and materials, thereby has saved planting cost.
(3) the present invention has utilized natural ecotope, does not need to use chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals also can effectively reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.
(4) product that utilizes implantation methods of the present invention to obtain is natural pollution-free and quality is higher.
(5) implantation methods of the present invention takes full advantage of sylvan life land resources, the use of tree section, stub, tree piece etc. makes the dendrobium candidum of plantation have mobility, can greatly increase space availability ratio, be conducive to rationally utilize large-area woodland land resources, and can be applicable to the forestry orchard of other inapplicable imitating wild plantings, there is wide popularizing application prospect, also there is great ornamental value simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the tree body plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is that tree body its root of when plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is attached at bark surface.
Fig. 3 is the tree section plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 4 is the stub plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 5 is that the sprouting in tree section when plantation of the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 2 sprouts.
Fig. 6 is the sylvan life matrix plantation that the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 3 is used seedbed A.
Fig. 7 is the sylvan life matrix plantation that the dendrobium candidum of the embodiment of the present invention 3 is used seedbed B or seedbed C.
Fig. 8 is that the sprouting in dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix when plantation of the embodiment of the present invention 3 sprouts.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
1. kind plant the screening of weather and environment
(1) weather conditions
Selection has the mountain region of forest microclimate, and height above sea level is below 600 meters, with fresh air, and temperature is 10 ℃～35 ℃, and relative moisture is 70%～80%.
(2) choice and optimization of planting environment
Woodland, not use chemical fertilizer or agricultural chemicals is advisable, guarantees the good self-sow environment of dendrobium candidum; Before plantation, the leafiness part of forest branch is pruned, guarantee that dendrobium candidum has good illumination and ventilation, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect; Select the sunny slope plantation of the woods; Adopt pH 5.5～6.5 to be faintly acid and free of contamination well water sprays irrigation.
2. kind of the selection of planting seedlings
Seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is adopted to the tissue culture propagating hardening 7～8 months of existing routine, select seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look viridescent and plant seedlings as kind without the seedling body of damage by disease and insect.
3. kind plant
(1) the dendrobium candidum tree body plantation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant
The tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant: select that bark is thicker, moisture is more and the forest of racemosus wooden fork.
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity grow the well not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord.
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of by the attached main tree body of plantation dendrobium candidum before plantation 3～4 days potassium permanganate that is 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization; Sphagna as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3～5 strains are one clump, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, is fixed to the tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant.Planting density is unsuitable too low, takes helical form plantation, and spacing in the rows is 10～20cm.Crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture should be selected in plantation position; Preferably be chosen in 3 meters of following position plantations of trunk height.
(2) dendrobium candidum tree section, tree piece and the stub plantation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant
Tree section, tree piece and the stub carrier of growing nonparasitically upon another plant: selecting in woods diameter after daily pruning is that the limb of tree of 10～20 centimetres is as raw material, be sawn into the tree section of 30～40 centimeter length, or according to its racemosus wooden fork shape, being directly sawn into length is the stub of 30～40 centimetres, or thickness is the round wood plate (tree piece) of 4～6 centimetres.
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select the water binding capacity not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and the cotton cord fixture as the initial stage of growing well.
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days of the attached main tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub are 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization; Sphagna as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3～5 strains are one clump, with the sphagna parcel after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, is fixed to tree section, sets piece and the stub carrier surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant.Separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on the tree section of planting dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub, the other end is twisted into hook-shapedly to be located or is suspended from the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods (wherein stub type can be placed in ground) to be suspended from the branch etc. of trees.Planting density is unsuitable too low, takes helical form plantation in tree section, and every clump of relative distance is 15cm.The damaged coarse place of crotch or bark should be selected in field planting position, the tree section after plantation dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub can be placed under tree, branch etc. is easy to hang and illumination is ventilated suitable place.
(3) dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix plantation
Build in seedbed: utilize the sylvan life vacant lot of leaving unused, according to physical features, with bamboo, wood or angle bar, build long 4～12m, the simple and easy seedbed framework of wide 1.0～1.5m, the degree of depth in seedbed is 15～25cm, and the bottom in seedbed is equipped with common sunshade net or the glue grid of aperture below 5mm; Common sunshade net or glue grid distance are overhead 0.2～0.8 meter.
Matrix collocation: the material or directly select commercially available broken pine bark as the composition of cultivation matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed using natural branch, bark and leaf after daily pruning through pulverizing, more than spontaneous fermentation March.Press the rear broken branch of fermentation, bark and leaf or broken pine bark: the weight ratio preparation matrix of broken common brick or blinding=3:2.
Matrix is evenly laid on the plastic wire in seedbed to the thick 10-16cm centimetre of matrix
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days, seedbed are 0.1% with mass percent, is sprayed to and soaks into matrix.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3～5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, and planting density is unsuitable too low, by the seeding row spacing plantation of 10 * 10cm.During plantation, by spacing in the rows, dig a dark vesicle for 2-4cm centimetre, Cong Miao is grabbed and put into cave together, cover matrix, gently press.
4. kind plant rear cultivation management:
Woodland is established Simple atomizing watering apparatus, planting sprays for latter about 3 days waters, and sprays weekly afterwards 2～3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time is advisable in the morning 9～10, and the water spraying is that pH 5.5～6.5 is faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note at ordinary times the management of woodland branches and leaves, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods, guarantee that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, guaranteeing its natural growth conditions and product quality; Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned growing and cultivation is more than 6 months, because its root system growing can closely be attached to carrier surface, at this moment can remove surperficial fixture cord and palm bark, only stays sphagna integument, to give free rein to growth.
5. the growth indexes evaluation of underwood planting:
Adopt above-mentioned growing and cultivation mode, dendrobium candidum plantation shoot survival percent can reach more than 95%, and dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and after March, checked that through above-mentioned growing and cultivation sprouting of lateral bud rate can reach more than 75%, and new root germination rate reaches 45% left and right; The dendrobium candidum seedling of planting in the mode of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of tree body, tree section, tree piece and stub, its new root growing can closely be attached to and grow nonparasitically upon another plant on carrier.
Below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, be exemplary, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, carry out according to routine techniques in this area or condition.The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, being can be by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides the tree body plantation of dendrobium candidum.
Selection of land: Luohu District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province great Wang Cun Litchi Garden.
Weather conditions: the hilly and mountainous land with forest microclimate, 230 meters of height above sea level, monthly mean temperature is 11.5 ℃～32.2 ℃, high temperature season is generally May～September, maximum temperature can reach 38.7 ℃, year, relative moisture was 70%～80%, and annual rainfall is 912.5 millimeters～2747 millimeters, and sylvan life light transmittance is 25%～35%.
The choice and optimization of planting environment: Litchi Garden is not used chemical fertilizer or agricultural chemicals, with the self-sow environment that guarantees that dendrobium candidum is good; Before plantation, by leafiness pruning of litchi branch of Litchi Garden, guarantee that dendrobium candidum has good illumination and ventilation, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect; Select the sunny slope plantation of Litchi Garden.
The selection of kind planting seedlings: seedlings of Dendrobium officinale (being purchased from Shenzhen city flower Yu Yue floriculture Co., Ltd) is adopted to the tissue culture propagating hardening 7～8 months of existing routine, select seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look viridescent and plant seedlings as kind without the seedling body of damage by disease and insect.
The tree body implantation methods of dendrobium candidum is as follows:
Attached main tree body is selected: select bark is thicker, moisture is more and racemosus is pitched litchi and longan.
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity grow the well not strong sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord.
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of before plantation 3～4 days of the attached main tree body of the plantation dendrobium candidum potassium permanganate that is 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization; Sphagna as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, by 3～5 strains of planting seedlings of above-mentioned kind, it is one clump, before plantation, remove former matrix, root is unfolded naturally, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, and Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, and sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, be fixed to the bark surface (being the side of attached main tree body) of attached main tree body, make plant inner side be adjacent to the bark of attached main tree body; Planting density is unsuitable too low, takes helical form plantation, and spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres; Crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture are preferably selected in plantation position, and (seeing accompanying drawing 1) highly preferably planted in plantation to ground level position below 3 meters at trunk.
After growing and cultivation, manage: woodland is established Simple atomizing watering apparatus, planting sprays for latter about 3 days waters, spray weekly afterwards 2～3 times, Humid Status depending on dendrobium candidum root, watering time is advisable in the morning 9～10, and the water spraying is that pH 5.5～6.5 is faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note at ordinary times the management of woodland branches and leaves, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods, guarantee that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, guaranteeing its natural growth conditions and product quality; Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned growing and cultivation is more than 6 months, because its root system growing can closely be attached to carrier surface, at this moment can remove surperficial fixture cord and palm bark, only stays sphagna integument, to give free rein to growth.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and after one week, is started through above-mentioned growing and cultivation the new root that has light green to turn white, old brownization of color deepens, root through above-mentioned growing and cultivation new life after 1～2 month starts to be attached to bark surface, through above-mentioned growing and cultivation after 6～7 months dendrobium candidum root be attached at bark surface (seeing Fig. 2) completely, old dehydration becomes dry into black.Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and within one month, is started to extract out sprouting through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, and early stage, rainy season, many water minority sprouting was eaten up by snail, and the later stage is sunny, the more riotous growth of sprouting; Through above-mentioned growing and cultivation after 1 year dendrobium candidum plant be firmly attached to bark surface, plant strain growth is healthy and strong, many shoots are few or without damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides tree section, tree piece and the stub plantation of dendrobium candidum.
The selection that the choice and optimization of selection of land, weather conditions, planting environment and kind are planted seedlings is with embodiment 1.
The tree section of dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub implantation methods are as follows:
Attached main tree section, tree piece and stub are selected: selecting the lichee wood round wood plate (tree piece) of 20 centimetres, thick 5 centimetres of long 30～40 centimetres, the tree section of 15 centimetres of above lichee of diameter, longan, stub and diameters is attached master.
Dendrobium candidum fixture: seedling using water binding capacity grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark, cotton cord as plantation the initial stage fixture to attached Your Majesty; Tree section, tree piece and stub hang with fixture iron wire.
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days of the tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub are 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization, sterilizes through high-temperature sterilization as the sphagna of initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3～5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, and root is unfolded naturally, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, and sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, is fixed to the side of attached main tree section, tree piece and stub, make plant inner side be adjacent to the surface of attached main tree section, tree piece and stub, planting density is unsuitable too low, takes helical form plantation, and spacing in the rows is 15 centimetres; Separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on tree section, tree piece and the stub of planting dendrobium candidum, the other end is twisted into hook-shaped so that branch that is suspended from trees etc. and locates or be suspended from the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods, the be placed in ground (seeing Fig. 3～4) that the stub of wherein take is attached master.
After growing and cultivation, manage: woodland is established Simple atomizing watering apparatus, planting sprays for latter about 3 days waters, spray weekly afterwards 2～3 times, Humid Status depending on dendrobium candidum root, watering time is advisable in the morning 9～10, and the water spraying is that pH 5.5～6.5 is faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note at ordinary times the management of woodland branches and leaves, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods, guarantee that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, guaranteeing its natural growth conditions and product quality; Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned growing and cultivation is more than 6 months, because its root system growing can closely be attached to carrier surface, at this moment can remove surperficial fixture cord and palm bark, only stays sphagna integument, to give free rein to growth.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and after one week, is started through above-mentioned growing and cultivation the new root that has light green to turn white, and old brownization of color deepens; Root through above-mentioned growing and cultivation new life after 1～2 month starts to be attached to the surfaces such as tree section; Through 6～7 months dendrobium candidum roots of above-mentioned growing and cultivation, attach completely, old dehydration becomes dry into black.Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and within one month, is started to extract out sprouting through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, sunny, the more riotous growth of sprouting (seeing Fig. 5).Through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, after 1 year, the prosperity of dendrobium candidum plant root is long sticks in attachment surface, and plant strain growth is healthy and strong, few or without damage by disease and insect.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides the sylvan life matrix plantation of dendrobium candidum.
The selection that the choice and optimization of selection of land, weather conditions, planting environment and kind are planted seedlings is with embodiment 1.
The sylvan life matrix implantation methods of dendrobium candidum is as follows:
Ground point selection: 3 places, the lower vacant lot of lichee woods tree, approximately 12 square metres of every place areas, ventilation illumination condition is suitable.
Build in seedbed: the present embodiment is provided with 3 seedbeds
Seedbed A: be positioned at the lichee sylvan life of massif slope, slope gradient is preferably 4:7, and seedbed can be built flexibly by geographical conditions.Build in seedbed: first with long bamboo, according to slope, build the platform of high 0.8 meter, by the bamboo cane one side alignment of being cut into long 1.4～1.5 meters, wide 3～5 centimetres, laterally place mat is on platform side by side successively, and the gap between bamboo cane is 1 centimetre.In the bamboo cane of platform, settle the fence rack of 4 meters of length in glue grid and matrix can being enclosed in, wide 1.4 meters and high 0.2 meter, described fence rack adopts bamboo to build, bamboo cane and the fence rack of bottom have formed forcing frame, by long 4.4 meters, wide 1.8 meters and aperture, be that the glue grid place mat of 5 centimetres is on the bottom surface and four side inwalls of forcing frame, place mat the glue grid of the bottom surface of forcing frame overhead rise from 0.8 meter, with band, glue grid is fixed on forcing frame again, puts up seedbed A.Matrix collocation: Shenzhen greening administrative office pulverizes natural branch, bark and the leaf that factory obtains, be ground into after 3～5 centimetres of fragments that do not wait of size, by volume geometric ratio mixes, according to conventional spontaneous fermentation more than 1 year, by the weight ratio of 3:2, sneaking into diameter is that 2 centimetres and thickness are the broken common brick of 1 centimetre, evenly be laid on the glue grid of seedbed A matrix thick 10 centimetres (seeing Fig. 6).
Seedbed B: the flat slope that is positioned at the artificial planing of lichee sylvan life.Build in seedbed: with angle bar, build the Simple bedstead of long 6 meters, wide 1.3 meters and high 0.4 meter, bedstead bottom is the plastic wire place mat that the plastic wire of 5 millimeters and aperture are 4 centimetres with aperture from bottom to up successively, and by the fixing surrounding of Plastic Bandage, put up seedbed B.Long 6 meters of the seedbed B that puts up, wide 1.3 meters and be deeply 0.2 meter, two layers of plastic net is overhead highly 0.2 meter.Matrix collocation: commercially available diameter is that 1 centimetre, thickness are that broken pine bark and the diameter of 0.5 centimetre is that the broken common brick of approximately 1 centimetre of 2 centimetre, thickness mixes by 3:2 weight ratio, is evenly laid on the plastic wire on upper strata of seedbed B matrix thick 10 centimetres (seeing Fig. 7).Seedbed C: different from seedbed B is that its specification is long 6 meters, wide 1 meter.
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days, seedbed are 0.1% with mass percent, is sprayed to and soaks into matrix.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3～5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, and planting density is unsuitable too low, by the seeding row spacing plantation of 10 * 10cm.During plantation by spacing in the rows dig one dark be the vesicle of 2 centimetres, Cong Miao is grabbed and puts into cave together, unfold root system, cover matrix, light pressure.
After growing and cultivation, manage: woodland is established Simple atomizing watering apparatus, planting sprays for latter about 3 days waters, spray weekly afterwards 2～3 times, Humid Status depending on dendrobium candidum root, watering time is advisable in the morning 9～10, and the water spraying is that pH 5.5～6.5 is faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note at ordinary times the management of woodland branches and leaves, the surperficial weeds in cleaning woods and seedbed and fallen leaves, guarantee that Growth of Dendrobium candidum has sufficient illumination and ventilation condition; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide, guaranteeing its natural growth conditions and product quality.
Dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings and after one week, is started through above-mentioned growing and cultivation the new root that has light green to turn white, and old brownization of color deepens, through above-mentioned growing and cultivation after 4～5 months newborn root adhere to and be wound in matrix, old dehydration becomes dry into black; Through above-mentioned growing and cultivation, within one month, start to extract out sprouting, the more and riotous growth of quantity, while planting two months, two leaves of sprouting are unfolded, and plant strain growth is healthy few or without damage by disease and insect (seeing Fig. 8).
In three embodiment, the seedlings of Dendrobium officinale upgrowth situation of Different Ways of Planting is different.Tree body plantation in embodiment 1 is adhered to plantation with tree section, stub in embodiment 2 and is compared, seedlings of Dendrobium officinale upgrowth situation is similar, the Growth of Dendrobium candidum situation of sylvan life matrix in embodiment 3 plantation is slightly excellent, and new root, sprouting produce, product maturation is all early than the plant of embodiment 1 and 2.
Claims (6)
1. a sylvan life stereo cultivation method for dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) plantation weather and environment
Selection has the mountain region of forest microclimate, and height above sea level is below 600 meters, with fresh air, and temperature is 10 ℃～35 ℃, and relative moisture is 70%～80%;
(2) plant the selection of planting seedlings
Seedlings of Dendrobium officinale is adopted to existing tissue culture propagating hardening 7～8 months, select seedling body stalwartness, well developed root system, stem look viridescent and plant seedlings as kind without the seedling body of damage by disease and insect;
(3) plantation
Before plantation, the leafiness part of forest branch is pruned, then kind is planted seedlings and grow nonparasitically upon another plant and plant or the plantation of sylvan life matrix at above-mentioned sunny slope employing tree body, tree section, tree piece and the stub with the mountain region of forest microclimate;
(4) cultivation management after plantation
At woodland, establish Simple atomizing watering apparatus, planting sprays for latter about 3 days waters, and sprays weekly afterwards 2～3 times, depending on the Humid Status of dendrobium candidum root, watering time is at the morning 9～10 point, and the water spraying is that pH 5.5～6.5 is faintly acid and free of contamination well water; Note at ordinary times the management of woodland branches and leaves, weeds and fallen leaves in cleaning woods; Do not apply any fertilizer or spray insecticide.
2. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of dendrobium candidum tree body, and described dendrobium candidum tree body is grown nonparasitically upon another plant and planted concrete mode and be:
The tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant: select that bark is thicker, moisture is more and the forest of racemosus wooden fork as the tree body of growing nonparasitically upon another plant;
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select water binding capacity to grow well the not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and cotton cord as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture;
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of before plantation 3～4 days of the attached main tree body of the plantation dendrobium candidum potassium permanganate that is 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization; Sphagna as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3～5 strains are one clump, every clump is wrapped up with the sphagna after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, is fixed to the tree surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant; Take helical form plantation, spacing in the rows is 10～20cm; Crotch or the coarse place of surface fracture are selected in plantation position, are chosen in trunk to 3 meters of following position plantations of ground level.
3. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of growing nonparasitically upon another plant of dendrobium candidum tree section, tree piece and stub, and described dendrobium candidum tree section, tree piece and the stub concrete mode of planting of growing nonparasitically upon another plant is:
Tree section, tree piece and the stub carrier of growing nonparasitically upon another plant: selecting in woods diameter after daily pruning is that the limb of tree of 10～20 centimetres is as raw material, be sawn into the tree section of 30～40 long centimetres, or according to its racemosus wooden fork shape, being directly sawn into length is the stub of 30～40 centimetres, or thickness is the tree piece of 4～6 centimetres;
Initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture: select the water binding capacity not strong moistening sphagna of water consumption, palm bark and the cotton cord fixture as the initial stage of growing well;
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days of the attached main tree section of plantation dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub are 0.1% with mass percent is scrubbed sterilization; Sphagna as initial stage dendrobium candidum fixture is sterilized through high-temperature sterilization;
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, 3～5 strains are one clump, with the sphagna parcel after sterilization, Jacket thickness is 2～3 centimetres, parcel back root part can be unfolded naturally as the best, sphagna is outer is the palm bark wrapped strengthening of 1～2 millimeter with thickness, finally with cotton cord, be fixed to tree section, tree piece and the stub carrier surface of growing nonparasitically upon another plant, separately get an iron wire, its one end is fixed on the tree section of planting dendrobium candidum, tree piece and stub, and the other end is twisted into the hook-shaped branch that is suspended from trees etc. and locates or be suspended from the bamboo bar of crossbearer in woods; Planting density is unsuitable too low, takes helical form plantation in tree section, and every clump of relative distance is 15cm; Crotch or the damaged coarse place of bark should be selected in field planting position; Tree section, tree piece and the stub of plantation after dendrobium candidum is placed in and is easy to hang and illumination is ventilated under suitable tree and on branch.
4. according to the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of the dendrobium candidum described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, dendrobium candidum kind is planted seedlings when above-mentioned plantation is more than 6 months, removes surperficial fixture cord and palm bark, only stays sphagna integument.
5. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (3) plantation adopts the plantation of dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix, and described dendrobium candidum sylvan life matrix is planted concrete mode and is:
Build in seedbed: utilize the sylvan life vacant lot of leaving unused, according to physical features, with bamboo, wood or angle bar, build long 4～12m, the simple and easy seedbed framework of wide 1.0～1.5m, the degree of depth in seedbed is 15～25cm, and the bottom in seedbed is equipped with common sunshade net or the glue grid of aperture below 5mm; Common sunshade net or glue grid distance are overhead 0.2～0.8 meter;
Matrix collocation: the material or directly select commercially available broken pine bark as the composition of cultivation matrix of becoming thoroughly decomposed using natural branch, bark or leaf after daily pruning through pulverizing, more than spontaneous fermentation March, by broken branch, bark and leaf or broken pine bark after fermentation: the weight ratio preparation matrix of broken common brick or blinding=3:2;
Matrix is evenly laid on the plastic wire in seedbed to the thick 10-16cm centimetre of matrix
Disinfecting before plantation: the aqueous solution spray disinfectant of the potassium permanganate that before plantation 3～4 days, seedbed are 0.1% with mass percent, is sprayed to and soaks into matrix.
Plantation: dendrobium candidum adopts clump hydroponics, and 3～5 strains are one clump, remove former matrix before plantation, and planting density is unsuitable too low, by the seeding row spacing plantation of 10 * 10cm; During plantation, by spacing in the rows, dig a dark vesicle for 2-4cm centimetre, Cong Miao is grabbed and put into cave together, cover matrix, gently press.
6. the sylvan life stereo cultivation method of dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, plantation weather and the environment of step (1) are: the hilly and mountainous land with forest microclimate, 230 meters of height above sea level, monthly mean temperature is 11.5 ℃～32.2 ℃, high temperature season is generally May～September, maximum temperature can reach 38.7 ℃, year, relative moisture was 70%～80%, and annual rainfall is 912.5 millimeters～2747 millimeters, and sylvan life light transmittance is 25%～35%.
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