CN104885731A - Full-ecological vertical cultivation method for dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Full-ecological vertical cultivation method for dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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- CN104885731A CN104885731A CN201510228962.7A CN201510228962A CN104885731A CN 104885731 A CN104885731 A CN 104885731A CN 201510228962 A CN201510228962 A CN 201510228962A CN 104885731 A CN104885731 A CN 104885731A
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-ecological vertical cultivation method for dendrobium officinale. The cultivation method comprises the following steps of: selecting planting materials; selecting arenga engleri ropes for binding arenga engleri sheets; selecting the dendrobium officinale; selecting spring water; a planting process: moving pines arranged in matrixes into pits in a leveled greenhouse at intervals of 1.5 m, filling and leveling up the pits with soil, wrapping two-year-old dendrobium officinale domestication seedlings in a bottom-up manner from the bottoms of the pines, and fixing the seedlings on the pines; exposing stems, planting a second circle of the dendrobium officinale domestication seedlings at vertical intervals of 20 cm in a bottom-up manner, and then planting the rest seedlings in the same manner. The full-ecological vertical cultivation method has the beneficial effects that a full-ecological vertical cultivation mode is adopted, the original wild growth strength of the dendrobium officinale is fully released, under the artificial large-area cultivation conditions by modern facilities, the dendrobium officinale can grow mostly close to the wild state, organic production is realized in the whole process and the organic standards are wholly met; in addition, the stability of variety inheritance of the dendrobium officinale can be ensured and the probability of mutation is reduced so as to guarantee pure and good-quality varieties; furthermore, the greenhouse space can be fully utilized for realizing vertical space high-density cultivation and increasing the yield per mu.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to officinal dendrobium stem plantation technical field, be specifically related to a kind of method of complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum.
Background technology
Current dendrobium candidum is all adopt the artificial plane of booth to carry training, do not adopt complete ecological vertical planting pattern, fully can not discharge the initial growth wild nature of dendrobium candidum, the stability of dendrobium candidum kind heredity can not be guaranteed, variation probability is higher, and kind is impure, insufficient quality; Owing to being plane plantation, booth space can not being made full use of, vertical space high-density planting can not be realized, low yield per mu.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention just in order to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, and provides a kind of method of complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum.
The object of the invention is to have come by following technical solution.The method of this complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum, the method concrete steps are as follows:
(1), the choosing of planting material:
(1.1) choose 50 years hard pines wood and mountain palm fibre as the parasitic material of dendrobium candidum, pine is cut into segment, and mountain palm fibre sheet diameter is cut into a width 5-20cm, and more than 100 DEG C, in sealing steaming room, constant temperature is fumigated 24 hours, is all killed by harmful bacteria;
(1.2) choose mountain coir rope and bundle the brown sheet in mountain, before mountain coir rope uses, more than 100 DEG C, in sealing steaming room, constant temperature is fumigated 24 hours, is all killed by harmful bacteria;
(1.3) choose dendrobium candidum, within 2 years, domestication seedling strain length is between 8cm----15cm, plant one clump of 5-12 strain;
(1.4) pH value 6.5 spring is chosen;
(2), prepare before plantation:
(2.1) land readjustment and sterilization: first spread quicklime isolation strip at beam-connected greenhouse periphery, width is 10cm-15cm, soil in a smooth company canopy, puts down and spreads the thin quicklime of one deck on earth's surface simultaneously;
(2.2) micro drip-irrigation is installed, from table ground 2.3m height in canopy, namely exceeds 0.3m than pine, be partitioned into 1.5m and become the arrangement of matrix formula;
(3), planting process: interval 1.5m in smooth good canopy, become the arrangement of matrix formula, the hole that excavated by manual work and pine diameter match, degree of depth 0.3m, pine is moved into and cheats and fill and lead up soil, pine is planted on the ground firmly, from bottom more than the 0.3m of pine, from lower to upper, wrapping up 2 years dendrobium candidum domestication seedlings is fixed on pine; The root system of domestication seedling near stem foot can only be tied up during plantation, emergent stem bar, be beneficial to germinate, vertical interval is that 20cm kind plants the second circle from lower to upper, by that analogy, pine plantation 9 circle is to 10 circles, and every tree planting dendrobium candidum tames seedling 81 clumps to 100 clumps, after mountain palm fibre sheet fixes January, dendrobium candidum is adsorbed on pine naturally and grows;
(4), dendrobium candidum climb the tree after maintenance.
As preferably, must intact reservation masson pine bark in the process of pine cutting.
As preferably, described droplet is just in time arranged on two pine centre positions, and droplet can from top to bottom be sprayed onto on dendrobium candidum blade face comprehensively, and a part saves bit by bit the absorption waiting for dendrobium candidum on pine.
As preferably, during binding, first first a rubber band is first enclosed around pine one and temporarily fix, dendrobium candidum domestication seedling in units of clump, pull-up rubber band, to upspring space, domestication seedling is filled in resilient rubber band, the domestication seedling implanted in rubber band is pushed down, one circle is all put dendrobium candidum domestication seedling, the spacing of seedling and seedling is 30cm, after one circle placement 9 clumps to 10 clumps, again mountain palm fibre sheet is covered on domestication seedling, be fixed with mountain coir rope, after this, time fixing, mountain coir rope is enclosed around mountain palm fibre sheet two and prick upper knot, finally extract out originally for temporarily fixing resilient rubber band.
As preferably, described dendrobium candidum climb the tree after maintenance be:
(1), environmental requirement: temperature of shed remains at 0 DEG C--35 DEG C of scopes, humidity between 70%----80%, light transmittance between 25%--35%, intensity of illumination, at 3000----5000lx, is naturally sheltered from heat or light and is remained between 70%----80%;
(2), the selection of liquid fertilizer: choose the raw material that pig manure is natural pond liquid, within more than 7 days, liquid fertilizer is formed in biogas generating pit sealing and fermenting, water proportioning is put into drip irrigation pond at 30%-40%, by micro-spray by being atomized equilibrium, being softly sprayed on dendrobium candidum domestication seedling, dendrobium candidum sprays after climbing the tree, temperature of shed, between 23 DEG C-30 DEG C, respectively sprays once, each 10 minutes sooner or later; Temperature of shed, lower than 5 DEG C, only sprays once at 10 at 12 between and, one time five minutes, must guarantee blade not containing the thin globule at dusk, and temperature of shed is between 30 DEG C-37 DEG C degree, and early, middle and late each sprinkling once, is sprayed 10 minutes at every turn.
(3), the extermination of disease and insect pest: pest forecast lamp trapping is adopted for the winged insect being flown into booth by door curtain.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: adopt complete ecological vertical planting pattern, fully can discharge the initial growth wild nature of dendrobium candidum, under the cultivation condition of modern installations artificial large face, but can closest to wild state, overall process organic production also reaches organic standard comprehensively; The stability of dendrobium candidum kind heredity can be guaranteed again, reduce variation probability, thus guarantee that kind is pure, best in quality; Booth space can also be made full use of, realize vertical space high-density planting, improve per mu yield.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated, and help is understood the present invention by embodiment better, but the present invention is not limited only to following embodiment.
Adopt complete ecological vertical planting pattern, emphasis needs the several technical problems solved: one is optimum choice and anticipate used All Pure Nature planting material, can meet Growth of Dendrobium candidum needs, can prevent damage by disease and insect again, reach organic production standard, and there is longer service life.Two is to have good sight and simple operability, has both facilitated management, has conveniently gathered, and as agriculture sight-seeing resort, thus can increase value-added content of product again, develops from producing directly to the novel agricultural economic model of consuming private customization.Three is the plant routine servicing technology after vertical planting, must meet dendrobium candidum to self-sow habits such as the requirements of illumination, temperature, humidity, probio.
One, the choosing of planting material
1. the choosing of planting material----pine
Choose the brown parasitic material as dendrobium candidum of 50 years hard pine wood and mountain.Pine plantation is event convenience acquired for materials extensively, and price is far below other trees of the same age.50 years pine skin depths, the rough good springiness of skin, good permeabilities, corrosion resistance is good, moisture capacity is strong.Within 50 years, pine diameter is about 35cm-45cm, and pine is cut into every section of 2.2m, and more than 100 DEG C, in sealing steaming room, constant temperature is fumigated 24 hours, is all killed by harmful bacteria.Attention: must intact reservation masson pine bark, because the bark of 50 old pines is thicker and be unevenly easy to the absorption of dendrobium candidum root system, very favourable to the Cheng Sheng of dendrobium candidum, this is also choose the key factor of pine as parasitic material.
2. the choosing of planting material----mountain palm fibre sheet
Mountain palm fibre sheet captacula (mountain palm fibre sheet): 100% not sugary, tasteless, do not go mouldy, insect-free, fibre length generally reaches 60 cm, does not substantially fall slag.Color is that brown color and pine color are pressed close to and soft.Mountain palm fibre fiber has that fiber is longer, intensity is high, wilfulness is good, anticorrosive, anti-insect, price is low and raw material source picks features such as facilitating.Mountain palm fibre sheet diameter is cut into a width 13cm.The same with pine, adopt the stifling method of constant temperature that all harmful bacterias are killed.
2. the choosing of planting material----mountain coir rope
Choose coir rope binding mountain, diameter 1mm mountain palm fibre sheet, the feature of mountain coir rope is the same with mountain palm fibre sheet.Also use after wanting sterilization.
3. the choosing of planting material----dendrobium candidum " No. one, black joint ", improved seeds.
Choose kind to climb the tree for " No. one, black joint " tames seedling for 2 years.This variety characteristic is that resistance against diseases is strong, changes that slag is good, dendrobine polyoses content is high, the hibernation time is few, cold resistance is strong, quality stability etc.
Within 2 years, domestication seedling strain length is generally between 8cm----15cm, plant one clump of about 5-12 strain
4. the choosing of planting material----water
Dendrobium candidum is under wild state, many lifes are lofty mountains and steep hills, in overhanging cliff and rock crevice, its absorbent water is exactly the moisture in dew, rainwater and humid air, and mostly these water are in weakly acidic, so select the most suitable dendrobium candidum of pH value 6.5 spring to grow up.
Two, plantation prepares and process
1, prepare before plantation----land readjustment and sterilization
First quicklime isolation strip is spread at beam-connected greenhouse periphery, general width is that 10cm-15cm is advisable, and soil in a smooth company canopy, puts down and spread the thin quicklime of one deck on earth's surface simultaneously, play the effect of sterilization, desinsection and worm's ovum, quicklime has fabulous effect to control snail especially.
Prepare before plantation----microspray irrigation
Why will choose microspray irrigation, spring can be atomized by microspray irrigation, provides evenly fine and closely woven humidity environment to the celestial careless woods, keeps dendrobium candidum at unbroken mountains high mountain wild state and consistent growing environment.
Micro drip-irrigation is installed: from table ground 2.3m height in canopy, namely exceed 0.3m than pine, is partitioned into 1.5m and becomes the arrangement of matrix formula, it is important to note that droplet is just in time two pine tree centre positions.Such droplet can from top to bottom be sprayed onto on dendrobium candidum blade face comprehensively, and a part saves bit by bit the absorption waiting for dendrobium candidum on pine.
Planting process: interval 1.5m in smooth good canopy, become the arrangement of matrix formula, the hole that excavated by manual work and pine diameter match, the degree of depth is about 0.3m, is moved into by pine and cheats and fill and lead up soil, pine is planted on the ground firmly.From bottom more than the 0.3m of pine, from lower to upper, wrap up 2 years dendrobium candidum domestication seedlings and be fixed on pine, during binding, jointly need be completed by two people.A rubber band (flexible being easy to operates and do not damage dendrobium candidum) first first first encloses around pine tree one and temporarily fixes by one people, one people tames seedling in units of clump dendrobium candidum, left hand is pull-up rubber band lightly, to upspring 6cm space, right handgrip domestication seedling is filled in resilient rubber band, another people pushes down the domestication seedling implanted in rubber band gently, two people's cooperations all put dendrobium candidum domestication seedling a circle, the spacing of seedling and seedling is about 30cm, after one circle placement 9 clumps to 10 clumps, one people is covering mountain palm fibre sheet on domestication seedling, another people is fixed with coir rope, after this, time fixing, coir rope is enclosed around mountain palm fibre sheet two and prick upper knot, and can not firmly be expressed to domestication seedling, but can not be too light so that dendrobium candidum not easily adsorbs.Finally extract out originally for temporarily fixing resilient rubber band.To note especially when planting: (the general length of parcel root system is at about 15cm----20cm near the root system of stem foot to tie up domestication seedling during plantation only, both root system all wrapped up), emergent stem bar, is beneficial to germinate, having planted enclosing of such lowermost end.Vertical interval is that 20cm kind plants the second circle from lower to upper, and by that analogy, one tree plantation 9 circle is to 10 circles, and every tree about plants dendrobium candidum domestication seedling 81 clumps to 100 clumps.After mountain palm fibre sheet fixes January, dendrobium candidum is just naturally adsorbed on pine and grown.The most beneficial dendrobium candidum of climbing the tree spring grow up, summer, autumn also can, winter should not go up tree planting.Brown pine, brown mountain palm fibre, green dendrobium candidum organically merges on one tree, and " Xian Caoshu " has sight especially, and the adolescence expires canopy golden armor especially, very useful to the trip of development recreational tourism.
Dendrobium candidum climb the tree after maintenance
1. environmental requirement
With natural pine tree for carrier-planting dendrobium candidum, require temperature, humidity, ventilation, ventilative, printing opacity, permeable environment.Allow dendrobium candidum be in very comfortable state and be beneficial to growth.General Requirements temperature 20 DEG C---between-28 DEG C, generally stop growing with subzero 5 DEG C of dendrobium candidums more than 37 DEG C and be in sleep state.Winter, insulation adopted plastic greenhouse booth, cascade blower fan cooling in summer, temperature of shed is made to remain at 0 DEG C--35 DEG C of scopes, humidity is advisable between 70%----80%, more than the easy root system of 90% humidity go rotten, too dryly lack required moisture content of growing up, therefore the requirement of dendrobium candidum moisture content is generally followed to the principle of " peaceful few not many ".Light transmittance is between 25%--35%, and intensity of illumination, at 3000----5000lx, based on diffused light, scattered light, is naturally sheltered from heat or light and generally remained between 70%----80%.Controlled light adopts double-layered sunshade, weak according to extraneous intensity of illumination, changes or closes, individual layer or double-layered sunshade net.
2. the selection of liquid fertilizer and management
Choose the raw material that pig manure (pig manure of non-feed cultivation) is natural pond liquid, within more than 7 days, liquid fertilizer is formed in the biogas generating pit sealing and fermenting of specialty, water proportioning is put into drip irrigation pond at 30%-40%, by micro-spray by being atomized equilibrium, being softly sprayed on dendrobium candidum domestication seedling, dendrobium candidum just can spray after climbing the tree, temperature of shed, between 23 DEG C-30 DEG C, respectively sprays once, each 10 minutes sooner or later; Temperature of shed, lower than 5 DEG C, only sprays once at 10 at 12 between and, one time five minutes, must guarantee blade not containing the thin globule at dusk.Temperature of shed is between 30 DEG C-37 DEG C degree, and early, middle and late each sprinkling once, is sprayed 10 minutes at every turn.Spraying time and number of times also will consider the humidity of air, and the plum season air humidity as rainy day or the south of the River is large, and spraying time and number of times will reduce or reduce or remit, and according to season and temperature, temperature, humidity determination watering time and number of times, the science that realizes is to fertile.
3. the extermination of disease and insect pest
Adopt pest forecast lamp trapping for the winged insect being flown into booth by door curtain, avoid adopting agricultural chemicals to kill except damage by disease and insect, accomplish the growth of omnidistance organic full ecological maintenance dendrobium candidum, dendrobium candidum falls ill clearance rate lower than below one thousandth.
The dendrobium candidum per mu yield of common mode plantation is about 200kg, and by the average unified purchase valency in present market 800 yuan/kg, then every mu of dendrobium candidum sales volume is 160,000 yuan.We are sold to client by guarantor's low amounts of every clump to adopt the mode of complete ecological vertical planting, every clump by 138 yuan of price sales, every by 100 clumps, tree, 100 clumps of one trees output of guaranteeing the minimum is 6kg, whole tree price is 13800 yuan, per kilogram seeds dendrobium candidum price can reach 2300 yuan of (fresh stems that common planting patterns fresh goods is sold, not containing the leaf of dendrobium candidum, the ratio of leaf and fresh stem is 5:5, private customized dendrobium candidum is sold and is comprised leaf, so improve output and the output value accordingly).On average can plant 300 dendrobium candidums " celestial grass " tree for every mu, every per mu yield is worth 4,140,000 yuan, deduct common plane planting patterns 800,000 yuan, then new output value 3,340,000 yuan, deduct period expense, comprise express fee, packing charge, advertising expense, fee of material, labor wage etc., expectation can the new profit more than 1,000,000 yuan.Adopt the per mu yield value of complete ecological vertical planting to be 5 times of the per mu yield value of plane cultivation traditionally, remarkable in economical benefits, and climb the tree and just bear interest.
This kind of vertical planting planting patterns, because be that three-dimensional nine circles are planted to ten circles, greatly increases the utilization rate in soil, the availability of booth; Because be that per mu yield value improves greatly, remarkable in economical benefits to spatial development cultivation; Because what adopt is full ecological cultivation and management mode, quality is close to wild.This kind of vertical planting cropping pattern, has appreciating and can also promote greatly developing of base leisure health view trip, also very favourable to the exploitation of dendrobium candidum derived product.
Claims (5)
1. a method for complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum, is characterized in that: the method concrete steps are as follows:
(1), the choosing of planting material:
(1.1) choose 50 years hard pines wood and mountain palm fibre as the parasitic material of dendrobium candidum, pine is cut into segment, and mountain palm fibre sheet diameter is cut into a width 5-20cm, and more than 100 DEG C, in sealing steaming room, constant temperature is fumigated 24 hours, is all killed by harmful bacteria;
(1.2) choose mountain coir rope and bundle the brown sheet in mountain, before mountain coir rope uses, more than 100 DEG C, in sealing steaming room, constant temperature is fumigated 24 hours, is all killed by harmful bacteria;
(1.3) choose dendrobium candidum, within 2 years, domestication seedling strain length is between 8cm----15cm, plant one clump of 5-12 strain;
(1.4) pH value 6.5 spring is chosen;
(2), prepare before plantation:
(2.1) land readjustment and sterilization: first spread quicklime isolation strip at beam-connected greenhouse periphery, width is 10cm-15cm, soil in a smooth company canopy, puts down and spreads the thin quicklime of one deck on earth's surface simultaneously;
(2.2) micro drip-irrigation is installed, from table ground 2.3m height in canopy, namely exceeds 0.3m than pine, be partitioned into 1.5m and become the arrangement of matrix formula;
(3), planting process: interval 1.5m in smooth good canopy, become the arrangement of matrix formula, the hole that excavated by manual work and pine diameter match, degree of depth 0.3m, pine is moved into and cheats and fill and lead up soil, pine is planted on the ground firmly, from bottom more than the 0.3m of pine, from lower to upper, wrapping up 2 years dendrobium candidum domestication seedlings is fixed on pine; The root system of domestication seedling near stem foot can only be tied up during plantation, emergent stem bar, be beneficial to germinate, vertical interval is that 20cm kind plants the second circle from lower to upper, by that analogy, pine plantation 9 circle is to 10 circles, and every tree planting dendrobium candidum tames seedling 81 clumps to 100 clumps, after mountain palm fibre sheet fixes January, dendrobium candidum is adsorbed on pine naturally and grows;
(4), dendrobium candidum climb the tree after maintenance.
2. the method for complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: must intact reservation masson pine bark in the process of pine cutting.
3. the method for complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described droplet is just in time arranged on two pine centre positions, droplet can from top to bottom be sprayed onto on dendrobium candidum blade face comprehensively, and a part saves bit by bit the absorption waiting for dendrobium candidum on pine.
4. the method for complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during binding, first first a rubber band is first enclosed around pine one and temporarily fix, dendrobium candidum domestication seedling in units of clump, pull-up rubber band, to upspring space, domestication seedling is filled in resilient rubber band, the domestication seedling implanted in rubber band is pushed down, one circle is all put dendrobium candidum domestication seedling, the spacing of seedling and seedling is 30cm, after one circle placement 9 clumps to 10 clumps, again mountain palm fibre sheet is covered on domestication seedling, be fixed with mountain coir rope, after this, time fixing, mountain coir rope is enclosed around mountain palm fibre sheet two and prick upper knot, finally extract out originally for temporarily fixing resilient rubber band.
5. the method for complete ecological vertical planting dendrobium candidum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described dendrobium candidum climb the tree after maintenance be:
(1), environmental requirement: temperature of shed remains at 0 DEG C--35 DEG C of scopes, humidity between 70%----80%, light transmittance between 25%--35%, intensity of illumination, at 3000----5000lx, is naturally sheltered from heat or light and is remained between 70%----80%;
(2), the selection of liquid fertilizer: choose the raw material that pig manure is natural pond liquid, within more than 7 days, liquid fertilizer is formed in biogas generating pit sealing and fermenting, water proportioning is put into drip irrigation pond at 30%-40%, by micro-spray by being atomized equilibrium, being softly sprayed on dendrobium candidum domestication seedling, dendrobium candidum sprays after climbing the tree, temperature of shed, between 23 DEG C-30 DEG C, respectively sprays once, each 10 minutes sooner or later; Temperature of shed, lower than 5 DEG C, only sprays once at 10 at 12 between and, one time five minutes, must guarantee blade not containing the thin globule at dusk, and temperature of shed is between 30 DEG C-37 DEG C degree, and early, middle and late each sprinkling once, is sprayed 10 minutes at every turn.
(3), the extermination of disease and insect pest: pest forecast lamp trapping is adopted for the winged insect being flown into booth by door curtain.
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