CN110024608A - Construction method of interlayer plant landscape community to enhance ecological diversity of urban gardens - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an interlayer plant landscape community construction method for improving ecological diversity of urban gardens, which comprises the following steps: (1) planting epiphytic plants; (2) planting vine plants; (3) watering management; (4) fertilizing management; (5) and (5) managing temperature and light. The construction method of the invention is reasonably configured by adopting plants with different heights and comprises a herbaceous plant configuration mode with a plurality of hierarchical structures. The vine plants are planted on the ground to climb and the epiphytic plants with different heights and habits are configured according to respective ecological niches of the vine plants and form an interlayer landscape herbaceous plant community with a multilayer structure, the current situation that interlayer plants in the forest are lacked is made up, the configuration monotonicity of greening plants is improved, the diversity of plants is improved, the landscape effect is good, and the strong pursuit of people in cities on ecological natural landscape is met.

Description

Construction method of interlayer plant landscape community to enhance ecological diversity of urban gardens

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of landscaping, and in particular relates to a method for constructing an interlayer plant landscape community for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens.

Background technique

Urban plant diversity is an important part of biodiversity conservation to improve urban ecological environment, enrich urban landscape, and highlight regional characteristics. In recent years, with the acceleration of urban construction, the land for urban landscaping has become increasingly tight. Although my country's landscaping construction has achieved rapid development, some anti-natural and unsustainable development phenomena have quietly appeared, such as excessive pursuit of formal beauty, blindness The introduction of exotic tree species, "turfgrass fever", "big tree into the city fever", monotonous plant species, unreasonable community configuration, poor ecological function of the community, monotonous landscape, neglect of native plants, etc. That is, the application of plant diversity is seriously insufficient.

Epiphytes are those that do not come into contact with the soil, and their roots are attached to tree trunks or stones to grow, using rain and dew, water vapor in the air and limited humus (rotten branches and leaves or animal excrement, etc.) for a living. Plants are called epiphytes. my country is rich in epiphyte resources, and epiphytes are more and more favored by people due to their high ornamental value, such as ferns, orchids, due to their wide variety, different shapes, closeness to nature, and gorgeous and peculiar colors. , Bromeliads, Arransaceae, Gesneriaceae, Rhododendrons, etc., whether it is the world's famous botanical gardens, forest parks, residential areas, indoor environments, etc. can show their beautiful figure, their market application prospects broad. Liana is a general term for plants that cannot grow upright freely and need the support of other plants or supports to grow upwards. Making full use of climbing plants or hanging plants for vertical greening is an important way to expand green space, increase the amount of urban green, improve the overall green level, and improve the ecological environment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention aims to propose an interlayer plant landscape community construction method for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens, so as to adapt to the improvement of plant diversity in the field of urban garden greening construction.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in this way:

A method for constructing an interlayer plant landscape community for enhancing the ecological diversity of urban gardens, comprising the following steps:

(1) Planting of epiphytes: take an appropriate amount of substrate to wrap the roots of the epiphytes along the inclined direction of the roots of the epiphytes, fix the roots of the epiphytes, and then cover the fixed roots of the epiphytes with the substrate, and fix them to the on the trunks of epiphytic species;

(2) vine planting: the vine is planted next to the epiphytic tree species, and its branches are attached to the trunk of the epiphytic tree species with the aid of cable ties;

(3) Watering management: install a simple spray watering device in the forest or on the back of dead wood, spray 2-3 times a day according to the wet condition of the epiphyte roots, and the watering time is from 9:00 to 10:00 and from 15:00 to 10:00. six o'clock;

(4) Fertilization management: according to the growth status of epiphytes, adjust the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer to carry out foliar spray or root irrigation, and the fertilization time is carried out in the morning or afternoon when the temperature is low;

(5) Warm and light management: pruning the crown in spring makes the plants receive light and promotes budding; in summer, pruning the leggy branches and redundant branches of the crown to increase the light of the trunk and reduce the humidity of the trunk; pruning the crown in autumn allows the epiphytes to receive sufficient sunlight, Promote stem ripening; prune little or no crown in winter.

Further, the epiphyte is planted between 1.5m-3m of the trunk of the epiphytic tree species, and a cluster of 1-3 plants forms a small community and is planted around the trunk, and the clusters are not stacked, and the trunk is planted on the sunny side of the sun. Plant, grow shade-tolerant plants on the shady side.

Further, the vine is planted in a planting hole on the ground 10-40 cm away from the rhizome of the main tree species, and the diameter of the planting hole is 20-30 cm and the depth is 20-30 cm.

Further, the epiphytic tree species is a tree species with a tree age of more than three years and rough bark.

Preferably, the epiphytic tree species is kapok, magnolia, crape myrtle, fishtail, myrtle, dillonta, splendid rhododendron, poinciana, white orchid, yellow locust, purple magnolia, camellia, Brazil One or more of wild peony, gulina, yellow cicada, flame tree, jacaranda, worry-free tree, compound pinnatifida, red pompom, golden phoenix, and cassia.

Further, the epiphyte is one or more of ferns, Gesneraceae, Orchidaceae, Begonias.

Further, the epiphyte is bird's nest fern, wolf-tailed fern, staghorn fern, fern fern, quercus fern, fern, book band fern, Shiwei, Dendrobium primula, Dendrobium drumstick, Dendrobium tumefaciens, Bandai Orchid, flame orchid, short-distance wind orchid, hard leaf orchid, fritillary orchid, stone peach, chrysanthemum, lip column endive, usne pineapple, lipstick flower, red fireball water pineapple, air pineapple, wave one or more of.

Further, the vines are garlic fragrant vine, coleus, black-eyed flower, big flower old duck bill, eagle's claw flower, white flower oil hemp vine, safflower sheep's hoof, coral vine, honeysuckle, passion flower, lianli vine, One or more of lyre, monstera and unicorn tail.

Further, the substrate is one or more of water moss, palm tree bark, moss, usne and pineapple.

Compared with the prior art, the method for constructing the interlayer plant landscape community for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens of the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The method for constructing the inter-layer plant landscape community for enhancing the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to the present invention is configured by reasonably adopting a variety of plants of different heights, and contains a multi-level structure of herbal plant configuration. By planting vines on the ground, allowing them to climb and arranging epiphytes of different heights and habits according to their respective ecological niches, a multi-layered interlayer landscape herb community is formed to make up for the lack of interlayer plants in the forest. The current situation, improving the monotonicity of green plant configuration, improving plant diversity, and having good landscape effects, to cater to the strong pursuit of ecological natural landscapes by people in the city.

(2) The method for constructing the interlayer plant landscape community for enhancing the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to the present invention is a systematic, multi-level, and highly operable interlayer plant landscape community, which can fully utilize space resources and adapt to the local environment, The formation of a stable and long-term coexisting interlayer plant community makes the unit space high in green volume and good ecological benefits, which can significantly increase the biodiversity of urban green spaces, improve landscape functions, highlight regional characteristics, and reduce maintenance costs. It has huge application prospects. and economic value.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the interlayer plant landscape community of the present invention.

In the picture:

1. Epiphytic tree species; 2. Epiphytic plants; 3. Vines.

Detailed ways

Unless otherwise defined, technical terms used in the following embodiments have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples are conventional biochemical reagents unless otherwise specified; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

The invention is an interlayer plant landscape community construction method for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens. In South China, a forest with a forest microclimate is selected, the altitude is below 600 meters, the ventilation is good, there is a certain amount of scattered light, and the temperature is 10°C-35°C. ℃, the relative humidity of 60-90% of the environmental conditions to construct the interlayer plant landscape community.

Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

(1) Epiphyte planting: As shown in Figure 1, take an appropriate amount of substrate and wrap the root system of the epiphyte 2 along the inclined direction of the root system of the epiphyte 2 with aluminum wire, and fix the roots of the epiphyte 2, and then fix the root system of the epiphyte 2. The roots of good epiphytic plants 2 are covered with matrix, fixed to the trunk of epiphytic tree species 1, and tied with aluminum wires; among them, epiphytic tree species 1 should be at least three years old, with many branches, loose crowns, and good ventilation. , tree species with good light and thicker bark.

(2) vine planting: vine 3 is planted next to epiphytic tree species 1, and its branches are attached on the trunk of epiphytic tree species 1 with tie-tie assistance;

In addition, in order to increase the layering of the landscape, vegetation and ground cover are planted around the epiphytic tree species.

(3) Watering management: The newly planted seedlings should always keep the bark moist, but the roots and stems should not have accumulated water. According to the weather conditions and air humidity, install a simple spray watering device on the back of the forest/dead tree, and use mist spray watering. Water, replenish water in a small amount and several times, spray 2-3 times a day, depending on the wetness of the roots of the epiphyte, the watering time is from 9:00 to 10:00 and from 15:00 to 16:00. After the seedlings survive, adjust the number of watering according to the situation. The amount of water should be controlled according to the season, weather conditions and the humidity of the bark. In high temperature and high humidity seasons, water should be less or not watered, and attention should be paid to ventilation, ventilation and light transmission. and other conditions. The epiphytic plants grown in stocking are attached to the living tree species and grow mainly by the water on the bark of the main attached tree, and do not need to be watered in summer rainy days. In the dry seasons of winter and spring, when conditions permit, water should be sprayed in time to promote the budding of plants and the growth of seedlings;

(4) Fertilization management: Apply thin fertilizer, foliar topdressing can be used, combined with watering, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer can be adjusted according to the conditions of the growth period for foliar spray or Irrigation. Fertilization time is carried out in the morning or afternoon when the temperature is low, not in the high temperature period at noon.

(5) Management of temperature and light: Epiphytes grow naturally on the trunks of epiphytes, and their temperature, humidity and light are mainly controlled by the crowns of epiphytes. In spring, the temperature rises, but the air is dry, and proper pruning makes the plants receive light and promotes budding. The high temperature and rainy season is the period of vigorous growth of epiphytic plants, and it is also the period of vigorous growth of epiphytic tree species. During this period, the canopy must be kept ventilated and light-transmitting, regular pruning and shaping, and timely pruning of leggy branches and redundant branches of the canopy. , increase the light of the trunk and reduce the humidity of the trunk. In autumn, the canopy should be properly pruned to allow the epiphytes to receive sufficient sunlight to promote stem maturation. In low temperature and dry seasons in winter, keep warm and moisturizing, and try to prune as little or no crown as possible.

Example 1

Trees and shrubs are selected as epiphytic tree species, specifically, kapok, mango lotus, and crape myrtle for trees; crow's tail, myrtle, peach, and rhododendron splendid for shrubs.

The epiphytes between the layers are selected from bird's nest fern, wolf-tailed fern, shiwei, dahlia, shixiantao, dendrobium, flame orchid, and air pineapple.

The vines between the layers are white-flowered vine, safflower, eagle's claw, and coral vine.

Herbs are hydrangea and red paper fan.

The ground quilts are onion orchid and spider orchid.

Example 2

Trees and shrubs were selected as epiphytic tree species, specifically, phoenix japonica, white orchid, yellow locust, and purple magnolia were selected for the trees; Camellia sinensis, Brazilian wild peony, jiulisang, and yellow cicada were selected for the shrubs.

The epiphytes between the layers are selected from staghorn fern, iron horn fern, wawei, lip column endive, primrose, drumstick dendrobium, bandai orchid, usne and pineapple.

The interlayer vines are selected from honeysuckle, daisy, passionflower, and even vine.

The herbs are selected from Zijiao Hua and Yanshan Ginger.

The ground quilts are leek, periwinkle, and Ophiopogon japonicus.

Example 3

Trees and shrubs were selected as epiphyte species, specifically arbor, flame tree, jacaranda, worry-free tree, compound pinnatifida; shrubs: red pompom, golden phoenix, cassia cassia.

The epiphytes among the layers are quercus fern, fern, book fern, lipstick flower, short-distance wind orchid, hard leaf orchid, fritillary orchid, red fireball pineapple.

The interlayer vines are selected from Pili, Monstera, Qilinwei and Luoshi.

The herbs are Jinmai Jue Bed and Palace Powder Dragon Boat Flower.

The ground quilts are saffron sorrel and amaryllis.

Example 4

Trees and shrubs are selected for epiphytic tree species, specifically, phoenix tree, jacaranda, kapok, crape myrtle; shrubs: red pompom, jiulixiang, myrtle.

The interlayer epiphytes are kidney fern, fern, staghorn fern, lipstick flower, flame orchid, vanda orchid, fritillary orchid, and three-bracted lipae.

The interlayer vines are selected from Pili, Monstera, Qilinwei and Luoshi.

The herbs use red paper fan and palace powder dragon boat flower.

The ground quilts are saffron sorrel and periwinkle.

Example 5

Trees and shrubs were selected as epiphytic tree species, specifically, purple magnolia, mangosteen, worry-free tree, compound pinnatifida tree; shrubs: peach, golden phoenix, and Brazilian wild peony.

The interlayer epiphytes are selected from Quercus fern, fern fern, book fern, lipstick flower, chrysanthemum, shiwei, and sclerophylla.

The vines between the layers are selected from the pili, honeysuckle, unicorn tail, and safflower sheep's hoof.

The herbs are Jinmai Jue Bed and Hydrangea.

The ground quilts are Ophiopogon japonicus, chive orchid and onion orchid.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (9)

1. an interlayer plant landscape community construction method for promoting the ecological diversity of urban gardens, is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps: (1) Planting of epiphytes: take an appropriate amount of substrate to wrap the roots of the epiphytes along the inclined direction of the roots of the epiphytes, fix the roots of the epiphytes, and then cover the fixed roots of the epiphytes with the substrate, and fix them to the on the trunks of epiphytic species; (2) vine planting: the vine is planted next to the epiphytic tree species, and its branches are attached to the trunk of the epiphytic tree species with the aid of cable ties; (3) Watering management: install a simple spray watering device in the forest or on the back of dead wood, spray 2-3 times a day according to the wet condition of the epiphyte roots, and the watering time is from 9:00 to 10:00 and from 15:00 to 10:00. six o'clock; (4) Fertilization management: according to the growth status of epiphytes, adjust the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer to carry out foliar spray or root irrigation, and the fertilization time is carried out in the morning or afternoon when the temperature is low; (5) Warm and light management: pruning the crown in spring makes the plants receive light and promotes budding; in summer, pruning the leggy branches and redundant branches of the crown to increase the light of the trunk and reduce the humidity of the trunk; pruning the crown in autumn allows the epiphytes to receive sufficient sunlight, Promote stem ripening; prune little or no crown in winter. 2. The method for constructing the interlayer plant landscape community for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 1, wherein the epiphyte is planted between 1.5m-3m of the trunk of an epiphyte tree species, and according to 1-3 Plant a clump to form a small community and plant around the trunk. The clumps are not stacked. Plant sun-loving plants on the sunny side of the trunk and shade-tolerant plants on the shady side. 3. the interlayer plant landscape community construction method of improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described vines are planted in the planting holes on the ground of 10-40cm from the rhizome of the main tree species, so that the The diameter of the planting hole is 20-30cm and the depth is 20-30cm. 4. The method for constructing an interlayer plant landscape community for enhancing the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 1, wherein the epiphytic tree species is a tree species with a tree age of more than three years and rough bark. 5. The method for constructing the interlayer plant landscape community for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 4, wherein the epiphytic tree species is kapok, mango lotus, crape myrtle, crocea, myrtle , Dalian Peach, Splendid Rhododendron, Phoenix Wood, White Orchid, Huang Huai, Purple Magnolia, Camellia, Brazilian Wild Peony, Jiulixiang, Softwood Yellow Cicada, Flame Tree, Jacaranda, Worry-free Tree, Compound Feather Leaves One or more of Luan tree, red pompom, golden phoenix flower and cassia pod. 6. The method for constructing the interlayer plant landscape community for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 2, wherein the epiphytes are ferns, Gesneraceae, Orchidaceae, Begonias one or more of the plants. 7. The method for constructing an interlayer plant landscape community for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 6, wherein the epiphytic plants are bird's nest fern, wolf-tailed fern, staghorn fern, iron horn fern, quercus fern , Wire fern, book with fern, Shiwei, Primrose, Dendrobium drumstick, Dendrobium tumefaciens, Bandai orchid, Flame orchid, Short-distance wind orchid, Hard leaf orchid, Fritillaria, Shixiantao, Dendrobium , one or more of lip column endive, usne pineapple, lipstick flower, red fireball water pineapple, air pineapple, and wawei. 8. The method for constructing an interlayer plant landscape community for improving the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 3, characterized in that: the vines are garlic fragrant vine, coleus, black-eyed flower, big-flowered old duck bill, eagle's claw One or more of flower, white flower oil hemp cane, safflower sheep's hoof beetle, coral vine, honeysuckle, passionflower, lianli vine, pili, monstera, and unicorn tail. 9. the interlayer plant landscape community construction method of promoting the ecological diversity of urban gardens according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described substrate is a kind of in water moss, palm tree bark, moss, usne pineapple or more.