CN1030752A - 一类环胺化合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一类环胺化合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1030752A
CN1030752A CN88103779A CN88103779A CN1030752A CN 1030752 A CN1030752 A CN 1030752A CN 88103779 A CN88103779 A CN 88103779A CN 88103779 A CN88103779 A CN 88103779A CN 1030752 A CN1030752 A CN 1030752A
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phenyl
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CN1024547C (zh
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杉本八郎
土屋浴
日暮邦造
苅部则夫
饭村洋一
佐佐木淳
小西嘉晴
小仓博雄
荒木伸
小贵史
窪田笃彦
小笹美智子
山津清实
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Eisai Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了式(XXV)的环胺化合物,式中J为 茚满基、茚满酮基、茚基、茚酮基、茚满二酮基、茚满酮 基、苯并环庚酮基、茚满醇基或它们的二价基团,K 为苯基、芳烷基或肉桂基,B为-(CHR)22)r-(R22为 H或甲基)、-CO-(CHR22)r-、=(CH-CH=CH)b-、 =CH-(CH2)c-或=(CH-CH)d=,并且含T和Q 的环是哌啶。本发明化合物可以用于治疗老年性痴 呆症。

Description

本发明是关于一类环胺化合物的制法、治疗用的组合物和老年性痴呆症的治疗方法。
随着老龄人口迅速增加,急需开设对老年性痴呆病(例如阿耳茨海默氏老年性痴呆)的治疗。
为了用药物治疗老年性痴呆,已作了许多努力。然而,到目前为止尚未找到非常有效的治疗这类疾病的药物。
从不同的方面进行过有关治疗这类疾病的药物研究。特别是由于阿耳茨海默氏老年性痴呆伴有胆碱能的机能减退,因此曾有人提出从乙酰胆碱前体和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂方面进行治疗药物的研究,并且事实上已有人在这方面作了努力。抗乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂的典型实例有毒扁豆碱和四氢氨基吖啶。但是,这些药物都有缺点,例如效果不理想,或者有令人不满意的副作用。目前,尚无理想的治疗药物。
鉴于上述情况,本发明者多年来对各类化合物进行了广泛和深入的研究,以寻找具有持久效果、高度安全的药物。
结果,本发明者发现,以下一般式(Ⅰ)表示的哌啶衍生物可以达到上述目的。
更明确地说,以下一般式(Ⅰ)表示的本发明化合物具有很大的优点,它们具有强烈的和高选择性的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,可以增加存在于脑中的乙酰胆碱的量,在有关记忆障碍的模型上显示出很好的效果,并且与本领域一般通用的药物毒扁豆碱相比,它们的作用持久、安全性高,因此,上述优点使本发明化合物十分有价值。
发现本发明化合物具有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的作用,因此本发明化合物对于治疗和预防由于体内缺乏作为神经传递质的乙酰胆碱而引起的各种疾病是有效的。
这类疾病的实例包括各类痴呆症,例如阿耳茨海默氏老年性痴呆、皮克氏病和共济失调。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供用作药物的,尤其是在治疗和预防中枢神经系统疾病方面有效的新的哌啶衍生物,提供制备该类化合物的方法,以及提供含有该类化合物作为有效成份的药物组合物。
本发明提供具有下述式(ⅩⅩⅤ)的环胺化合物和其药物学上可接受的盐,
Figure 881037796_IMG35
式中J是
(a)取代或未被取代的基团,该基团系选自(1)苯基,(2)吡啶基,(3)吡嗪基,(4)喹啉基,(5)环己基,(6)喹喔啉基,(7)呋喃基;
(b)一价或二价基团,其中苯基可以有一个或多个取代基,这些基团系选自(1)茚满基,(2)茚满酮基,(3)茚基,(4)茚酮基,(5)茚满二酮基,(6)萘满酮基,(7)苯并环庚酮基,(8)茚满醇基和(9)C6H5-CO-CH2-CH(CH3)-;
(c)由环酰胺派生的一价基团;
(d)低级烷基,或
(e)基团R21-CH=CH-,其中R21为氢或低级烷氧基羰基;
B是-(CHR22)r-;-CO-(CHR22)r-;-NR4-(CHR22)r-,R4为氢、低级烷基、酰基、低级烷基磺酰基、苯基、取代的苯基、苄基或取代的苄基;-CO-NR5-(CHR22)r-,R5为氢、低级烷基或苯基;-CO=CH-(CHR22)r-,-OCOO-(CHR22)r-;-OOC-NH-(CHR22)r-;-NH-CO-(CHR22)r-;-CH-CO-NH-(CHR22)r-;-(CH22-CO-NH-(CHR22)r-;-CH(OH)-(CHR22)r-;r为零或整数1~10,R22为氢或甲基,因此上述有关亚烷基或者没有甲基支链,或者有一个或多个甲基支链;=(CH-CH=CH)b-,b为整数1~3;=CH(CH2)c-,c为零或整数1~9;=(CH-CH)d=,d为零或整数1~5;-CO-CH=CH-CH2-;-CO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-;-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-;-CH=CH-CO-NH-(CH22-;-NH-;-O-;-S-;二烷基氨基烷基羰基或低级烷氧基羰基;
T为氮或碳;
Q为氮、碳或 ;
q为整数1~3;
K为氢、苯基、取代的苯基,其中苯基可以有取代基的芳烷基、肉桂基、低级烷基、吡啶甲基、环烷基烷基、金刚烷甲基、呋喃甲基、环烷基、低级烷氧基羰基或酰基;
表示单键或双键;
在式(ⅩⅩⅤ)化合物中,最好J为(a)或(b)。在定义(b)中,优先选用一价基(2)、(3)和(5)以及二价基(2)。在定义B中,优先选用-(CHR22)r-、=(CH-CH=CH)b-、=CH-(CH2)c-和=(CH-CH)d-。上述优先选用的基团(B)可以和J的(b)[尤其是(b)中(2)]相连。
在式(ⅩⅩⅤ)中,优选Q是氮、T为碳和q为1或3;或者Q为碳、T为氮和q为2。最好Q为氮、T为碳和q为2。
优先选用K为苯基烷基或在苯基上有一个或多个取代基的苯基烷基。
本发明中较好的化合物有:
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-亚基]甲基哌啶,
1-苄基-4-[(5-甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二乙氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-亚甲二氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-(间-硝基苄基)-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-环己基甲基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-(间-氟苄基)-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]丙基哌啶,
1-苄基-4-[(5-异丙氧基-6-甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶,
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-氧代茚满酮)-2-基]丙烯基哌啶(下式,实例224)
此外,本发明还提供治疗用的组合物,其中含有药理学上有效量的环胺化合物(式ⅩⅩⅤ)或其药物学上可以接受的盐以及药理学上适用的载体,并且本发明也提供给患者服用环胺化合物(式ⅩⅩⅤ)或其药理学上可以接受的盐进行预防和治疗由于乙酰胆碱酯酶活性而引起的疾病的方法。
较好的化合物具有上面所示的结构,其中J为(b)。基团(b)包括具有下式的9个基团。S为氢或取代基(如有1~6个碳原子的低级烷基,有1~6个碳原子的低级烷氧基)。在这些取代基中,甲氧基是最好的。t为整数1~4。在苯环上最好有1~3个甲氧基。在苯基二个相邻的碳原子上(S)t可以形成亚甲二氧基或亚乙二氧基。
Figure 881037796_IMG39
优先选用的B的定义包括-(CHR22)r-、-CO-(CHR22)r-、=(CH-CH=CH)b-、=CH-(CH2)c-和=(CH-CH)d=。基团-(CHR22)r-中,R22为氢、r为整数1~3,较好的基团是=CH-(CH2)c-。
在本发明上述定义的环胺化合物中,优先选用化学式中的J为(b)的一价或二价基团。在定义(b)中,最好的是茚满酮基、茚满二酮基和茚基,它们未取代或在苯环上有取代基。
在定义B中,优先选用的是-(CHR22)r-和=CH-(CH2)c-。
含有T和Q的环可以是五元、六元或七元环。优选Q为氮、T为碳或氮、q为2;Q为氮、T为碳、q为1或3;以及Q为碳、T为氮、q为2。
在定义K中,优先选用未被取代或在苯环上有1个或多个取代基取代的苯基、芳基烷基和肉桂基。
本发明将进一步解释属于上述定义的环胺化合物范围内的哌啶类化合物。解释适用于本发明的全部环胺化合物。
哌啶化合物的定义用式(Ⅰ)表示:
式中R1为下述取代的或未被取代的基团:(1)苯基,(2)吡啶基,(3)吡嗪基,(4)喹啉基,(5)茚满基,(6)环己基,(7)喹喔啉基,或(8)呋喃基;由苯环上未被取代或有取代基的茚满酮而派生的一价或二价基团;由环酰胺化合物而派生的一价基团;低级烷基或以式R3-CH=CH-表示的基团(其中R3为氢原子或低级烷氧基羰基),
X为以下式表示的基团:-(CH2)n-、
Figure 881037796_IMG41
Figure 881037796_IMG42
(其中R4为氢原子、低级烷基、酰基、低级烷基磺酰基、取代或未被取代的苯基或苄基)、 (其中R5为氢原子、低级烷基或苯基)、-CH=CH(CH2)n-、
Figure 881037796_IMG44
二烷氨基烷基羰基或低级烷氧基羰基。
条件是上述X定义中每个n都独立地为整数0~6。
R2为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的芳烷基、肉桂基、低级烷基、吡啶甲基、环烷基烷基、金刚烷甲基或呋喃甲酰甲基。
上述一般式中符号
Figure 881037796_IMG46
意指单键或双键。
关于本发明上述式(Ⅰ)化合物定义中用于R1、R2、R4和R5的术语“低级烷基”,意指有1~6个碳原子的直链或带支链的烷基,其实例有甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、新戊基、叔戊基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丙基、己基、异己基、1-甲基戊基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2,3-二甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1-乙基丁基、2-乙基丁基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,2,2-三甲基丙基、1-乙基-1-甲基丙基和1-乙基-2-甲基丙基。在上述基团中,甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基等较好。甲基最好。
在R1定义中,“下述取代或未被取代的基团(1)苯基,(2)吡啶基,(3)吡嗪基,(4)喹啉基,(5)茚满基,(6)环己基,(7)喹喔啉基,(8)呋喃基”中涉及的取代基包括有1~6个碳原子的低级烷基,例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基和叔丁基;与上述低级烷基相对应的低级烷氧基,例如甲氧基和乙氧基;硝基;囟原子,例如氯、溴和氟;羧基;与上述低级烷氧基相对应的低级烷氧基羰基,例如甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、异丙氧羰基、正丙氧羰基和正丁氧羰基;氨基;低级烷氨基;低级二烷氨基;氨基甲酰基;由有1~6个碳原子的脂肪族饱和一元羧酸派生的酰氨基,例如乙酰氨基、丙酰氨基、丁酰氨基、异丁酰氨基、戊酰氨基和新戊酰氨基;环烷氧基羰基,例如环己氧基羰基,低级烷氧基羰基,例如甲氨基羰基和乙氨基羰基;与上述低级烷基相对应的低级烷基羰基氧基,例如甲基羰基氧基、乙基羰基氧基和正丙基羰基氧基;包括三氟甲基的囟代低级烷基;羟基;甲酰基;低级烷氧基低级烷基,例如乙氧基甲基、甲氧基甲基和甲氧基乙基。在上述取代基中“低级烷基”和“低级烷氧基”包括由上述基团派生的全部基团。取代基可以是其中的1~3个,它们可以相同或不同。
此外,当取代基为苯基时,下述基团在取代的苯基的范围内:
Figure 881037796_IMG47
其中G为以下各式表示的基团: 、-O-、
其中,苯基优先选用的取代基的实例有低级烷基、低级烷氧基、硝基、囟代低级烷基、低级烷氧基羰基、甲酰基、羟基、低级烷氧基低级烷基、囟原子、苯甲酰基和苄基磺酰基。取代基可以为其中2个或2个以上,可以相同或不同。
吡啶基优先选用的取代基的实例有低级烷基、氨基和囟原子。
吡嗪基优先选用的取代基的实例有低级烷氧基羰基、羧基、酰氨基、氨基甲酰基和环烷氧基羰基。
关于R1,吡啶基优先选用2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基;吡嗪基优先选用2-吡嗪基;喹啉基优先选用2-喹啉基或3-喹啉基;喹喔啉基优先选用2-喹喔啉基或3-喹喔啉基;呋喃基优先选用2-呋喃基。
由苯环上有取代或未取代的茚满酮而派生的较好的一价或二价基团的具体实例,包括以下述式(Ⅱ)和(Ⅲ)代表的基团:
Figure 881037796_IMG50
其中m分布为整数1~4,A可以相同或不同,分布为上述R1定义(1)~(8)中所述的取代基,或者为氢,优先选用氢(即未取代)、低级烷基或低级烷氧基,茚满酮基最好为未被取代的或者有1~3个甲氧基取代的。
由环酰胺化合物派生的一价基团的实例有喹唑酮、四氢异喹啉酮、四氢苯并二氮杂卓酮(tetrahydrobenzodiazepinone)和六氢苯并吖辛因酮(hexahydrobenzazocinone)。然而,一价基团可以是在其结构式中有环酰胺基的任何一种基团,并且不仅限于上述具体的实例。环酰胺基可以是由单环杂环或稠合杂环派生的基团。稠合杂环最好是与苯环形成的稠合杂环。在该情况下,苯环可以用有1~6个碳原子的低级烷基(甲基较好)取代,或者用有1~6碳原子的低级烷氧基(甲氧基较好)取代。
优先选用的一价基团的实例如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG52
在上式中,式(i)和(l)中的Y分别为氢原子或低级烷基,或(k)中的V为氢原子或低级烷氧基,或(m)和(n)中的W1和W2分别为氢原子、低级烷基或低级烷氧基,W3为氢原子或低级烷基。
在式(j)和(l)中的右侧环均为七元环,而式(k)的右侧环为八元环。
以上定义的R1最好的实例是由苯环上有取代或未取代的茚满酮派生的一价基团,以及由环酰胺化合物派生的一价基团。
以上定义的X最好的实例有式-(CH2)n-所示的基团、有酰胺基的基团、有上式所示其中n为2的基团。因此,由式R1 X-所示基团的任一部分有羰基或酰胺基是最好的。
在以上定义R2中,“取代或未取代的苯基”和“取代或未取代的芳烷基”所表示的取代基,与以上定义R1的(1)~(8)中所述的取代基相同。
术语“芳烷基”是指未取代的苄基或苯乙基等。
吡啶甲基的具体实例有2-吡啶甲基、3-吡啶甲基和4-吡啶甲基。
R2较好的实例有苄基和苯乙基。符号 意指单键或双键。只有当R1是由上述苯环上有取代基或无取代基的茚满酮派生的二价基团时,符号
Figure 881037796_IMG55
才是双键,在其他情况下,它是单键。
本发明中术语“药理学上可以接受的盐”包括无机酸盐,例如盐酸盐、硫酸盐、氢溴酸盐和磷酸盐,有机酸盐,例如甲酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐和甲苯磺酸盐。此外,当选用某一类型取代基时,本发明的化合物可以形成碱金属盐,例如钠盐或钾盐,碱土金属盐,例如钙盐或镁盐;本发明的化合物还可以形成有机胺盐,例如与三甲胺、三乙胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、二环己胺或N,N′-二苄基亚乙基二胺生成的盐。
另外,根据取代基的类型,本发明的化合物可以有不对称碳原子,因此有立体异构体。当然,这些也在本发明的范围内。
下面将叙述具体的实例。当R1为茚满酮骨架时,本发明的化合物有不对称碳原子,因此可以有立体异构体、旋光异构体、非对映体等。所有这些异构体也在本发明的范围之内。
本发明的化合物可以用不同的方法制备。下面叙述制备本发明化合物的典型方法。
方法A
在通式(Ⅰ)中,X为以式 所示的基团(其中n和R的定义同上)时,本发明的化合物可以按下述方法制备:
Figure 881037796_IMG57
更具体地说,在脱无机酸试剂(例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢化钠或三乙胺)存在下,于有机溶剂(例如氯仿、苯、甲苯、二噁烷、四氢呋喃或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF))中,通过酰基囟(式Ⅳ)与哌啶衍生物(式Ⅴ)反应,并使反应混合物冷却或在室温下或加热反应,可以容易地制得本发明目的化合物之一的式(Ⅵ)化合物。
方法B
在通式(Ⅰ)中,当R1为由苯环上有取代基或无取代基的茚满酮派生的一价或二价基团,并且X为式-(CH2)n-所示的基团(其中n为整数1~6)时,本发明的化合物也可以按下述方法制备。
Figure 881037796_IMG58
更具体地说,目的化合物之一的化合物(Ⅹ)可以通过取代的1-茚满酮-2-基磷酸酯(式Ⅶ)与醛(式Ⅷ)反应(即维悌希反应),得到目的化合物之一的式(Ⅸ)化合物,然后将化合物Ⅸ催化还原。
用于维悌希反应的催化剂的实例有甲醇钠(Me    ONa)、乙醇钠(Et    ONa)、叔丁醇钾(tert-Bu    OK)和Na    H。用于该反应的溶剂实例有四氢呋喃(THF)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、乙醚、硝基甲烷和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)。由室温~约100℃的反应温度范围都可提供令人满意的结果。
在由钯-炭等组成的催化剂存在下进行的催化还原也可提供令人满意的结果。
下述反应路线具体地表明了制备本发明化合物的方法,其中R1为式 所示的基团,其中R6和R7可以相同或不同,可以分别为A所定义的基团中的氢、低级烷基、低级烷基烷氧基或囟原子、X为式-(CH2)n-所示的基团,其中n为整数1~6,R2为式
Figure 881037796_IMG60
所示的基团,其中R8和R9分别与R6和R7有相同的含义:
方法C
在一般式(Ⅰ)中,当R1为由苯环上有取代或未取代的茚满酮派生的一价或二价基团,X为式-(CH2)n-所示基团(其中n为整数1~6)时,本发明的化合物还可以用下述方法制备:
Figure 881037796_IMG62
更具体地说,例如将二异丙基胺和正丁基锂/己烷加到溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中。最好于约-80℃,加入取代的1-茚满酮(式Ⅺ)和六甲基磷酰胺。然后加入醛(式Ⅷ),接着按常规的方法进行反应。使反应混合物脱水后,制得化合物(Ⅸ)。按方法B中相同的方式使化合物(Ⅸ)催化还原,制得化合物(Ⅹ)。
方法C的具体实例以与方法B相同的方式叙述如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG63
方法D
当R1为由选自喹唑酮、四氢异喹啉酮、四氢苯并二氮杂
Figure 881037796_IMG64
酮和六氢苯并吖辛因酮的环酰胺化合物派生的一价基团时,本发明的化合物还可以用下述方法制备:
其中R10和R11分别为氢原子、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或卤原子,n为整数1~6,p为整数1~3,Z为基团 ,其中R12为氢原子或低级烷基。
更具体地说,于溶剂(如二甲基甲酰胺)中,在例如氢化钠存在下将取代的1,2,3,4-四氢-5H-1-苯并二氮杂 -2-酮(式Ⅻ)与取代的N-苄基-4-(2-囟代乙基)哌啶(式ⅩⅢ)反应,制得目的化合物之一的化合物(ⅩⅣ)。
方法E
当R1为式
Figure 881037796_IMG68
所示基团,X为基团-(CH2)n-时,本发明的化合物还可以按下述方法制备:
Figure 881037796_IMG69
更具体地说,按一般方法使2-羟甲基烟酸内酯(式ⅩⅤ)与取代的N-苄基(2-氨基乙基)哌啶(式ⅩⅥ)进行反应,制得目的化合物之一的化合物(ⅩⅦ)。反应温度最好为约200℃。
方法F
当一般式(Ⅰ)中R1
Figure 881037796_IMG70
所示基团,X为基团-(CH2)n-时,本发明的化合物可以按下述方法制备:
更具体地说,在例如氢化钠存在下,于溶剂(例如二甲基甲酰胺)中,将取代的2,3-二羟基吡咯并[3,4-b]苯(式ⅩⅧ)与取代的N-苄基(2-囟代乙基)哌啶(式ⅩⅢ)反应,同时加热反应混合物,得到目的化合物之一的化合物(式ⅩⅨ)。
方法G
在式(Ⅰ)中当R1为式
Figure 881037796_IMG72
所示基团,X为基团-CONH-(CH2)n-时,本发明的化合物可以按下述方法制备:
Figure 881037796_IMG73
更具体地说,将2,3-吡嗪基羧酸酐(式ⅩⅩ)加到例如异丙醇中,接着进行回流。蒸出醇,残余物与取代的N-苄基(末端-氨基-烷基)哌啶在溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中反应,得到目的化合物之一的化合物(式ⅩⅪ)。
方法H
在式(Ⅰ)中当R1为取代或未取代的苯基,X为基团 或基团 时,本发明化合物可以按下述方法制备:
更具体地说,将二异丙基胺和正丁基锂/己烷加到溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中。在该混合物存在下,使苯乙酮(式ⅩⅩⅡ)与取代的N-苄基(末端-甲酰基烷基)哌啶缩合,制得化合物(式ⅩⅩⅢ)。在例如对甲苯磺酸存在下,于溶剂(如甲苯)中,使化合物(式ⅩⅩⅢ)脱水,接着按一般方法进行催化还原,制得目的化合物之一的化合物(ⅩⅩⅣ)。
方法I
步骤1
其中J(1)茚满基,(2)茚满酮基,(5)茚满二酮基,(6)萘满酮基,(7)苯并环庚酮基或丙酰基苯基,B为-(CHR22)r-、=(CH-CH=CH)b-、=CH-(CH2)c-或=(CH-CH)d=的式(ⅩⅩⅤ)环胺化合物,可以按下述方法制备。B′是相当于将B的含有1个碳原子的末端基团去除后得到的基团。
Figure 881037796_IMG77
在该步骤中,通过维悌希反应使磷酸酯与醛类化合物反应,并对产物进行催化还原。用于维悌希反应的催化剂有甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钾或氢化钠。该反应可以在溶剂,例如四氢呋喃、二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、硝基甲烷或二甲基亚砜中,于室温~100℃温度下进行。在催化还原反应中,最好应用催化剂如钯-炭、阮内镍以及铑-炭。
在上述步骤中,举例其中J为茚满酮的一个实例:
步骤2
步骤1中定义的化合物也可以按下述方式制得:
Figure 881037796_IMG79
按照一般的Aldole缩合反应使化合物J-H(例如茚满酮)与醛反应,得到预期的化合物。该反应可以在溶剂(例如四氢呋喃)中进行,首先由锂在二异丙基胺与正丁基/己烷中的溶液制备二异丙基氨基锂,最好在约-80℃温度下,再加入化合物J-H,然后加入醛,按一般方式进行该方法,将产生的混合物加热至室温以便进行脱水,得到烯酮式预期化合物。按另一方式,将二种反应溶于溶剂(如四氢呋喃)中,在约0℃向该溶液中加入碱(如甲醇钠),并在室温下进行反应。
将按上述方式得到的烯酮式化合物进行还原,得到预期的化合物。
下面例举其中J为茚满酮基、B为-(CH2)r-、T为碳、Q为氮和Q为2的一个实例:
Figure 881037796_IMG80
方法J
具有茚满醇结构的化合物可以按下述方法制备。本方法适用于在茚满酮醇的苯环上有1个或多个取代基的茚满醇化合物。
Figure 881037796_IMG81
用硼氢化钠,于0℃~室温,在溶剂(如甲醇)中进行反应还原反应。
方法K
具有茚基的化合物可以按下述方法制备。该方法适用于在茚基的苯环上有1个或多个取代基的化合物。
Figure 881037796_IMG82
一般用例如盐酸进行脱水。
方法L
具有茚酮基的化合物可以按下述方法制备。该方法适用于在茚酮基的苯环上有1个或多个取代基的化合物。
Figure 881037796_IMG83
Figure 881037796_IMG84
将上述具有茚满酮的原料化合物于溶剂(例如四氯化碳)中,在N-溴琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)和过氧化苯甲酰存在下加热回流,得到其溴化物,使该溴化物与1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)一起于溶剂(例如四氢呋喃)中加热回流,进行β-消除反应,得到茚酮化合物。上述溴化合物可以用另一种囟代化合物代替。
用于上述方法I、J、K和L的茚满酮化合物是可以在商场上买到的,并且可以按下述方法制备。
Figure 881037796_IMG85
以上所使用的醛可以按下述方法制备:
Figure 881037796_IMG86
上述起始化合物可以转变成它的醛,将该醛用于维悌希反应,以增加所含有的碳原子数。该维悌希反应可以反复地进行,或者与另一类型的维悌希反应联合。对于熟悉该项技术的人员这是容易理解的。维悌希试剂有甲氧基亚甲基三苯基膦,可以增加1个碳原子,甲酰基亚甲基三苯基膦,可以增加2个碳原子。甲氧基亚甲基三苯基膦可以通过在乙醚或四氢呋喃中使氯化甲氧基亚甲基三苯基鏻与正丁基锂反应得到。然后将酮化合物或醛化合物加到反应混合物中,制得其甲氧基乙烯基化合物,将生成的混合物与酸反应,得到相应的醛。实例如下:
当使用甲酰基亚甲基三苯基膦时,使起始的酮或醛的乙醚、四氢呋喃或苯的溶液与该维悌希试剂混合,并将混合物加热回流,得到预期的化合物。
应用催化剂钯-炭、阮内镍或铑-炭,通过催化还原反应,可以将得到的不饱和的醛化合物转变成其饱和化合物。实例如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG88
制得的化合物(式Ⅰ)及其与酸形成的盐对于治疗各种类型的老年性痴呆症,特别是阿耳茨默氏老年性痴呆症是有效的。
下面介绍本发明化合物的治疗效果以及药理学实验资料。
实验实例一
体外乙酰胆碱酯酶有效作用:
乙酰胆碱酯酶来自小白鼠脑匀浆,根据Ellman,G.L.Courtney,K.D.,Andres,V.,和Featherstone(Biochem.Pharmacol.7∶88~95,1961)的方法测定酯酶活性。
用乙酰硫胆碱作为底物,将测定的样品和DTNB加入小白鼠脑匀浆中,保温。在硫胆碱和DTNB之间反应生成一种黄色物质,用412nm处吸收的情况测定黄色物质的量,此量表示乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性。
样品的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性可用50%抑制浓度(IC50)表示。
实验结果如表1所示。
表1
AchE    AchE
化合物    抑制作用    化合物    抑制作用
(IC50,μM) (IC50,μM)
1    0.23    31    0.025
4    0.0053    33    0.030
5    0.10    45    0.36
6    0.017    48    0.019
8    0.013    52    0.80
9    0.051    54    0.0
10    0.009    56    1.017
11    0.63    62    0.0075
12    0.040    65    0.0016
13    0.026    67    0.10
14    0.038    70    0.28
表    1(续)
AchE    AchE
化合物    抑制作用    化合物    抑制作用
(IC50,μM) (IC50,μM)
15    0.094    72    0.020
17    0.052    89    0.018
18    0.68    90    0.035
19    0.064    95    0.085
20    0.54    101    0.11
21    50    120    0.19
23    0.072    124    2.8
24    1.1    176    0.004
26    24
27    0.41
29    0.15
实验实例二
体内乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用:
将测定的样品灌胃给予大白鼠,1小时后,取出大脑半球,制成匀浆,然后测定乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性。用生理盐水处理的大白鼠作为对照组。样品对AchE的体外抑制作用用对照值的抑制百分率表示,结果列于表2。
实验实例三
对东莨菪碱所致被动回避性学习记忆损伤的作用(Z.Bokolanecky和Jarvik:Int.J.Neuropharmacol.6∶217~222,1967)
实验动物为雄性Wister大鼠,实验装置是一种明暗箱。训练前1小时将被测样品通过灌胃给予大白鼠,训练前30分钟将东莨菪碱以0.5mg/kg量(腹膜内注射)给予大鼠。训练试验中,动物先通过明箱,一旦动物进入暗箱,闸门即关闭,紧接着由箱底板处给予电击。6小时后,又将动物放入明箱进行记忆试验。测定动物进入暗箱的时间,评价样品的效果。
将生理盐水对照组和东莨菪碱组之间动物响应时间的差别作为100%。用由于样品产生对抗的百分率(回复率)表示样品的效果。
试验结果如表3所示。
表2
化合物号    剂量    AchE
(mg/kg)    抑制作用
(%)
盐水    0
1    5*
4    3    17**
10    36**
30    47**
10    5
15    30    14**
100    18**
表    3
化合物号    剂量    回复百分率
(mg/kg)    (%)
4    0.125    55
0.25    35
13    0.25    39
0.5    27
15    1.0    51
2.0    30
19    0.5    37
1.0    39
69    0.5    22
1.0    38
每种剂量的动物数为10-17只
NE:表示无效
上述药理学实验揭示本发明的化合物具有有效的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用。
在本发明的化合物(Ⅰ)中,优先选用其中R1是由苯环上有取代或未取代的茚满酮派生的基团(Ⅱ)或(Ⅲ),其中R1为一般式(Ⅱ)所示基团的化合物是最好的。更具体地说,其中R1是由苯环上有取代基或无取代基的茚满酮派生的化合物尤其具有特点,例如它们在结构上与一般的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制显著不同,由于它们具有有效的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用,在主要作用和副作用的剂量之间有较大的差异,具有持久的活性,水易溶并非常稳定,所以就制备药用制剂来说具有优点,另外,在配制成的制剂方面,生物利用度高并且容易进入脑中。
因此,本发明的目的是提供对各种类型的痴呆症和脑血管疾病的猴遗症有效的新化合物,提供制备这些化合物的方法,以及提供含有上述化合物作为有效成分的新的药物组合物。
将本发明的具有代表性的化合物(在上述表3中化合物号4、13、15、19和69)应用到大白鼠的毒性试验上,结果,所有的化合物的毒性均≥100mg/kg,即这些化合物没有明显的毒性。
本发明的化合物对于各种类型的老年性痴呆症,尤其是阿耳茨海默氏老年性痴呆症,对于伴有大脑卒中的脑血管疾病,例如脑出血或脑梗死、脑动脉硬化、头痛等,对于伴有脑炎、大脑性麻痹等的注意力减退、语言紊乱、意志薄弱、情绪变化、近期记忆紊乱、幻觉性妄想综合症、行为变化等均具有治疗、预防、缓解和改善等作用。
此外,本发明的化合物还具有很强和高选择性的抗乙酰胆碱酯酶作用,这样使得本发明的化合物还可以作为这类作用的药物。
更具体地说,本发明的化合物除了对阿耳茨海默氏老年性痴呆症有效外,还对于例如亢廷顿氏舞蹈病、皮克氏病和缓发共济失调或迟发的运动障碍有效。
当本发明的化合物作为药物应用于上述疾病时,它可以口服或肠胃外给药。一般来讲,可以应用注射的形式肠胃外给药,例如静脉注射、皮下注射、肌内注射形式、栓剂或舌下含片等。根据患者的症状、年龄、性别、体重和敏感性,给药方法,给药时间和间隔以及药用制剂的性质、配方和类型,有效成分的种类等,剂量可以有很大的不同,因此对于剂量没有具体的限制。一般来讲,本发明化合物的剂量对于每个成人为0.1~300mg,最好为1~100mg,通常每天服1次~4次。
按照工艺上通常采用的方法配制药物制剂的剂型,例如注射剂、栓剂、舌下含片、片剂和胶囊剂等。
在配制注射剂中,如果需要,将有效成分与pH改良剂、缓冲剂、混悬剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、涨度剂(tonicty    agent)、防腐剂等混合,接着按照常规方法制备静脉注射剂、皮下注射剂或肌内注射剂。在这种情况下,如果需要,可以按照普通方法将上述制剂进行冷冻干燥。
混悬剂的实例有甲基纤维素、多山梨醇酯80、羟乙基纤维素、阿拉伯胶、粉状西黄蓍胶、羧甲基纤维素钠和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯。
增溶剂的实例有聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、多山梨醇酯80、烟酰胺、聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯、大粒凝胶、蓖麻油脂肪酸的乙基酯。
稳定剂的实例有硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠和醚,防腐剂的实例有对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、山梨酸、苯酚、甲苯酚和氯甲苯酚。
[实例]
根据下述实例详细地叙述本发明。无需说明,本发明的技术范围不仅限于这些实例。
在下述实例中,所有的核磁共振谱值约为以化合物的游离形式测得的值。
实例1
1-苄基-4-[2-[(1-茚满酮)-2-基]]乙基哌啶盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG89
将0.37g    1-苄基-4-[2-[(1-茚满酮)-2-基]]乙基哌啶溶于10ml甲醇中,然后加入0.1g    5%铑-炭。混合物在大气压下于室温氢化24小时,滤去催化剂,滤液于真空下浓缩。残余物经硅胶柱纯化(二氯甲烷∶甲醇=200∶1)。洗脱液于真空下浓缩,残余物溶于二氯甲烷中。向该溶液中加入10%盐酸的乙酸乙酯溶液,然后于真空下浓缩,得到结晶,该结晶用甲醇/异丙醚重结晶,得0.33g(产率:80%)具有下述性质的标题化合物。
熔点(℃):224~225℃
元素分析:C23H27NO·HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):74.68    7.63    3.79
实测值(%):74.66    7.65    3.77
实例2
1-苄基-4-[2-[(1-茚满酮)-2-亚基]]乙基哌啶盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG90
将0.32g    60%氢化钠用己烷洗涤,加入10ml四氢呋喃中,于0℃向其中滴入2.12g    1-茚满酮-2-基磷酸二乙酯在30ml四氢呋喃中的溶液,混合物于室温下搅拌30分钟,再于0℃冷却,随后向其中加入3.43g1-苄基-4-哌啶乙醛在10ml二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的溶液。混合物于室温下搅拌2小时,于50℃搅拌2小时,然后加热回流2小时。于0℃向反应混合物中加入甲醇和20%硫酸,10分钟后反应混合物用氢氧化钠水溶液碱化,用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,于真空下浓缩。得到的残余物经硅胶柱纯化(二氯甲烷∶甲醇=500∶1),洗脱液于真空下浓缩,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,向其中加入10%盐酸的乙酸乙酯溶液,随后于真空下浓缩,得到0.78g(产率:27%)标题化合物,还可回收1.37g    1-茚满酮-2-基磷酸二乙酯。
分子式:C23H25NO·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.10~2.13(7H,m)、2.26(2H,t)、2.88(2H,bd)、3.48(2H,s)、6.72~7.07(2H,m)、7.30(5H,s)、7.10~8.00(5H,m)
实例3
具有结构式为
Figure 881037796_IMG91
的1-苄基-4-哌啶甲醛按下述方法制备。
将26g氯化甲氧基亚甲基-三苯鏻悬浮在200ml无水乙醚中,于室温下向悬浮液中滴加1.6M正丁基锂的己烷溶液,混合物于室温下搅拌30分钟,并冷却至0℃,然后向混合物中加入30ml    14.35g    1-苄基-4-哌啶酮在无水乙醚中的溶液,于室温下搅拌3小时,滤去不溶物。滤液在减压下浓缩,得到的浓缩物溶于乙醚中并用1N盐酸萃取,向萃取液中加入氢氧化钠水溶液使pH值为12,得到的溶液再用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液用硫酸镁干燥,并于减压下浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱纯化,得5.50g油状物,产率为33%。
将油状物并入40ml甲醇中,向该溶液中加入40ml 1N盐酸,加热回流3小时,然后在减压下浓缩。残余物溶于水中,向溶液中加入氢氧化钠水溶液使溶液的pH值为12,并用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,再于减压下浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱纯化,得到2.77g预期的化合物,产率为54%。经分析,分子式为C13H17NO,1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:1.40-2.40(7H,m),2.78(2H,dt),3.45(2H,s),7.20(5H,s),9.51(1H,d)。
该化合物可按照(1)R.A.Kuroyan,A.I.Markosyan,G.M.Snkhchyan和S.A.Vartangan:Arm.Kim.zh.,36(9),614-17(1983)(2)B.Hermans和P.Van    Daele:Ind.Chim.Belge,32,64-5(1967)所述的方法制备。
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-亚基]-甲基哌啶盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG92
该反应是在氩气中进行。
于0℃将2.05ml二异丙基胺加到10ml无水四氢呋喃中,随后再加入9.12ml    1.6M正丁基锂的己烷溶液,混合物于0℃搅拌10分钟,然后冷却至-78℃,向其中加入2.55g    5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮在30ml无水四氢呋喃中的溶液和2.31ml六甲基磷酰胺。混合物于-78℃搅拌15分钟,向其中加入2.70g    1-苄基-4-哌啶-甲醛在30ml无水四氢呋喃中的溶液,使混合物的温度逐渐升至室温,再搅拌2小时。向溶液中加入1%氯化铵溶液,分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并各有机相,合并的有机相用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩。所得的残余物经硅胶柱纯化(二氯甲烷∶甲醇=500∶~100∶1)。洗脱液在真空下浓缩,将残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,向溶液中加入10%盐酸的乙酸乙酯溶液,再在真空下浓缩得到结晶,该结晶用甲醇/异丙醚重结晶,得到3.40g(产率:62%)具有以下性质的标题化合物:
熔点(℃):237~238℃(分解)
元素分析:C24H27NO3·HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):69.64    6.82    3.38
实测值(%):69.51    6.78    3.30
实例4
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基哌啶盐酸盐
将0.4g    1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-亚基]甲基哌啶溶于16ml四氢呋喃中,再加入0.04g    10%钯-炭,混合物在大气压下于室温氢化6小时,滤去催化剂,滤液在真空下浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱纯化(二氯甲烷∶甲醇=50∶1),洗脱液于真空下浓缩。将残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,向其中加入10%盐酸的乙酸乙酯溶液,随后在真空下浓缩,得到结晶,该结晶用甲醇/异丙醚重结晶,得0.36g(产率:82%)具有下述性质的标题化合物:
熔点(℃):211~212℃(分解)
元素分析:C24H29NO3·HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):69.30    7.27    3.37
实测值(%):69.33    7.15    3.22
实例5
2-[4′-(1′-苄基哌啶)乙基]-2,3-二氢-1-氧代吡咯并[3,4-b]吡啶二盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG94
将12.6g    2-羟甲基烟酸内酯和40g    4-(2-氨基乙基)苄基哌啶在密封的管内于200℃振荡7小时,随后反应混合物经硅胶柱纯化,用通常的方法制备纯化产物的盐酸盐,从而得到6.37g目的化合物二盐酸盐。
熔点(℃):143.5~145℃
元素分析:C21H25NO3·2HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):61.77    6.66    10.29
实测值(%):61.49    6.68    9.98
实例6
2-[4′-(1′-苄基哌啶)乙基]-2,3-二氢-5,6-二甲氧基氧代吡咯并[3,4-b]苯盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG95
将0.5g    2,3-二氢-5,6-二甲氧基氧代吡咯并[3,4-b]苯和催化量的碘化钾一起溶于二甲基甲酰胺中。在冷却和搅拌溶液下向其中加入0.21g氢化钠(60%),随后加入1g    2,3-二氢-5,6-二甲氧基氧代吡咯并[3,4-b]苯,混合物于80℃搅拌4小时,搅拌后加入水,随后用氯仿萃取。氯仿相用水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,蒸除溶剂,残余物用硅胶纯化,从而制得目的化合物,为油状。用通常的方法制备目的化合物的盐酸盐的得到约0.2g米色结晶。
分子式:C24H30N2O3·2HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.12~3.4(9H,m),2.72~3.00(2H,m),3.48(2H,s),3.62(2H,t),3.95(6H,s),4.26(2H,s),6.90(1H,s),7.28(6H,s)
实例7
4-[N-(O-氨基苄基)乙基]-1-苄基哌啶
Figure 881037796_IMG96
将30g    2-硝基苯甲醛、21.4g    1-苄基-4-氨基乙基哌啶和100ml甲醇在氮气流下于室温搅拌3小时,反应混合物用冰冷却,向其中滴加入16g硼氢化钠在30ml甲醇中的溶液,使反应在室温下再进行1小时。反应混合物倒入水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,再用150ml%盐酸萃取3次,用二氯甲烷洗涤,向水相中加入碳酸钠调节pH值为10,再用二氯甲烷萃取。萃取液用无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,制得28.4g    1-苄基-4-[N-(O-硝基苄基)乙基]哌啶。
将上述化合物溶于100ml甲醇中,在3g 10%钯-炭(含水的)存在下以4kg/cm2压力进行氢化,制得25.6g标题化合物。
分子式:C21H29N3
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.0~2.1(9H,m)、2.64(2H,t)、2.90(2H,m)、3.47(2H,s)、6.65(2H,m)、7.02(2H,m),7.30(5H,s)
实例8
3-[2-(1-苄基-4-哌啶基)乙基]-2-(1H,3H)-喹唑啉酮
将25.6g    4-[N-(O-氨基苄基)乙基]-1-苄基哌啶、15g    1,1′-羰基二咪唑和100ml甲醇加热回流12小时,反应完全后,将反应混合物倒入水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂。
残留物经硅胶柱层析纯化(5%Me OH-CH2Cl2),并用乙酸乙酯重结晶2次,制得3.0g标题化合物。
分子式:C22H27N3O
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.0~2.1(9H,m)、2.7~3.0(2H,m)、3.2~3.6(4H,m)、4.4(2H,s)、6.5~7.4(8H,m)、7.75(1H,s)
实例9
1-[4′(1′-苄基哌啶)乙基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-4-甲基-5H-[1,4]-苯并二氮杂
Figure 881037796_IMG98
-2-酮二盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG99
将0.35g氢化钠悬浮于0.5ml二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,悬浮液在冰冷却下进行搅拌,并向其中滴入0.52g 1,2,3,4-四氢-4-甲基-5H-[1,4]苯并二氮杂
Figure 881037796_IMG100
-2-酮溶于3ml二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液,接着于室温下搅拌30分钟,向其中再滴入0.81g N-苄基-4-(2-氯代甲基)哌啶盐酸盐溶于3ml二甲基甲酰胺的溶液,混合物于60~70℃搅拌7小时,反应混合物倒入冰/水中并用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物用硅胶柱层析纯化,用通常的方法制备纯化产物的盐酸盐,得到0.17g淡黄色的无定形物质(产率:13.5%)。
分子式:C24H31N3O·2HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.25~2.02(9H,m)、2.52(3H,s)、2.79~2.95(2H,bd)、3.10(2H,s)、3.48(2H,s)、3.54(2H,s)、3.91(2H,bt)、7.14~7.45(9H,m)
实例10
1-[4′(1′-苄基哌啶)乙基]-1,2,3,4-四氢-5H-1-苯并吖庚因-2-酮盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG101
将0.27g氢化钠悬浮于0.5ml二甲基甲酰胺中,悬浮液在冰冷却下进行搅拌,向其中滴入0.60g    1,2,3,4-四氢-4-甲基-5H-1-苯并吖庚因-2-酮溶于4ml二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液,混合物于60℃加热15分钟,然后用冰冷却。向其中再加入1.02g    N-苄基-4-(2-氯代甲基)哌啶盐酸盐,混合物于60℃搅拌3.5小时,取下静置冷却,倒入冰/水中并用二氯甲烷萃取。萃取液用水洗涤并经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物用硅胶柱层析纯化,用通常的方法制备纯化产物的盐酸盐,得到1.40g标题化合物(产率:94.8%)。
分子式:C24H30N2O·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.20~1.92(11H,m)、2.20~2.24(4H,bs)、2.60~2.88(4H,m)、3.44(2H,s)、7.12~7.24(9H,m)
实例11
N-[4′(1′-苄基哌啶基)乙基]-5,6,11,12-四氢二苯并[b,f]吖辛因-6-酮盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG102
将2.24g    5,6,11,12-四氢二苯并[b,f]吖辛因-6-酮和60%氢化钠加到20ml二甲基甲酰胺中,混合物于60℃搅拌1小时,向其中再加入0.7g    1-苄基-4-氯代乙基,接着再反应3.5小时。
反应混合物倒入20ml水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂。
残留物用硅胶柱层析纯化(5%Me OH的CH2Cl2溶液),制得0.6g标题化合物。
分子式:C29H32N2O·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.1~2.2(9H,m)、3.7~4.1(4H,m)、4.15~4.5(2H,m)、4.46(2H,s)、6.8~7.4(13H,m)
实例12
10-[4′-(1′-苄基哌啶)乙基]-10,11-二氢-5-甲基-5H-二苯并[b,e][1,4]二氮杂
Figure 881037796_IMG103
-11-酮盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG104
将0.25g氢化钠悬浮于二甲基甲酰胺中,悬浮液在冰冷却下进行搅拌,向其中滴加0.58g^^^^^10,11-二氢-5-甲基-5H-二苯并[b,e][1,4]二氮杂
Figure 881037796_IMG105
-11-酮溶于5ml二甲基甲酰胺中的溶液,混合物于40~50℃搅拌20分钟,然后用冰冷却,向其中再加入0.71g4-(氨基乙基)-1-苄基哌啶,混合物于45~55℃搅拌6小时,反应混合物倒入冰/水中,用二氯甲烷萃取。有机相用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析纯化,用通常的方法制备纯化产物的盐酸盐,得0.78g淡黄色的无定形物质(产率:65.4%)。
分子式:C28H31N3O·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.20~1.91(11H,m)、2.60~3.00(2H,bs)、3.22(3H,s)、3.41(2H,s)、6.87~7.08(3H,m)、7.08(9H,m)、7.64(1H,dd)
实例13
3-[[4′-(1′-苄基哌啶)丙酰]氨基]-2-吡嗪羧酸异丙酯盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG106
向200ml异丙醇中加入18g吡嗪羧酸酐,将混合物回流1小时,然后蒸除醇。得到的固体溶于四氢呋喃中,向其中加入30.6g    4-(2-氨基乙基)苄基哌啶和21g    1-羟基苯并三唑,混合物在冷却下进行搅拌,向混合物中加入29.7g    DDC,随后于室温下反应过夜。过滤反应混合物,从滤液中蒸除四氢呋喃,再加入二氯甲烷,混合物用饱和碳酸钾水溶液和盐水溶液洗涤,蒸除溶剂。残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到的结晶用乙醚-己烷重结晶,得8.81g目的化合物,为白色结晶状物,再用通常的方法制备该化合物的盐酸盐。
元素分析:C23H30N4O3·HCl·1/2H2O
C    H    N
计算值(%)    60.58    7.07    12.29
实测值(%)    60.54    7.00    12.29
实例14
N-[4′(1′-(对羟基苄基)哌啶)乙基]-2-喹喔啉羧酸酰胺盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG107
将2g    2-喹喔啉碳酰氯和2.52g    1-(对-甲氧基苄基)-4-哌啶乙胺于室温下在2g三乙胺的四氢呋喃溶液存在下进行反应,用通常的方法对反应混合物进行后处理,并经柱层析纯化,得到2.5g    N-[4′(1′-(对甲氧基苄基)哌啶)乙基]-2-喹喔啉碳酰胺。
将上述化合物溶于1g二氯甲烷中并与B Br3反应使其脱甲基化,该产物经柱层析纯化,得到0.3g产物。再制备产物的盐酸盐,得0.2g米色结晶。
分子式:C23H26N4O2·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.08~1.92(9H,m)、2.84~3.18(2H,m)、3.24~3.64(2H,m)、3.52(2H,s)、6.60(2H,d)、7.05(2H,d)、7.17(2H,s)、7.64~8.14(4H,m)、9.53(1H,m)
实例15
N-[4′(1′-苄基哌啶基)乙基]-2-喹喔啉碳酰胺
Figure 881037796_IMG108
于室温和搅拌下向4.6g    1-苄基-4-氨基乙基哌啶、50ml吡啶和4-二甲基氨基吡啶的混合物中加入40g    2-喹喔啉碳酰氯,然后反应3小时,将反应混合物倒入水中,用二氯甲烷萃取,经无水硫酸镁干燥,随后蒸除溶剂。
残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化(5%Me OH-CH2Cl2),并用乙酸乙酯重结晶,得3.0g标题化合物。
分子式:C23H26N4O2·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.16~2.20(9H,m)、2.76~3.04(2H,m)、3.49(2H,s)、3.48~3.68(2H,t)、7.13~7.40(5H,m)、7.70~8.26(4H,m)、9.64(1H,s)
实例16
1-苄基-4-(N′-苯基氨基乙基)哌啶
Figure 881037796_IMG109
将47g    4-(N-苯甲酰基哌啶基)乙酸酯、8ml亚硫酰氯和20ml苯加热回流2小时,在真空下蒸除溶剂。
残余物溶于20ml四氢呋喃中,在冰冷却和搅拌下将所得溶液滴加到1.86g苯胺、10g三乙胺和30ml四氢呋喃组成的混合物中,然后在室温下反应约11小时,反应混合物倒入水并并用二氯甲烷萃取。萃取液用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化(5%Me OH的CH2Cl2溶液),得0.9g 4-(N-苯甲酰基哌啶基)-N-乙酰苯胺。
0.9g    4-(N-苯甲酰基哌啶基)-N-乙酰苯胺溶于10ml四氢呋喃中,在冷却和搅拌下向所得溶液中滴入0.38g氢化铝锂在30ml四氢呋喃中的溶液,混合物再加热回流1小时,反应完全后向其中加入水,滤去析出的沉淀。滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,得0.7g    1-苄基-4-(N′-苯基氨基乙基)哌啶。
分子式:C20H26N2
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.0~2.2(9H,m)、2.85(2H,m)、3.10(2H,t)、3.44(2H,s)、3.7(1H,bs)、6.4~6.8(3H,m)、7.0~7.4(7H,m)
实例17
N[4′-(1′-苯基哌啶基)乙基]-N-乙酰苯胺
Figure 881037796_IMG110
在冰冷却和搅拌下,向0.7g    1-苄基-4-(N′-苯基氨基乙基)哌啶、2.0g三乙胺和20ml四氢呋喃的混合物中滴加0.4g乙酰氯。
反应于室温下进行3小时,向其中加入20ml水,然后用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残余物经柱层析纯化(5%Me OH的CH2Cl2溶液),得标题化合物。
分子式:C23H28N2O
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.0~2.1(12H,m)、2.6~3.0(2H,m)、3.39(2H,s)、3.67(2H,t)、6.9~7.5(10H,m)
实例18
N-(3′,5′-二甲氧基苯基)-N-[4′-(1′-苄基哌啶基)乙基]-4-氟肉桂酰胺盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG111
在冰冷却和搅拌下,向1.0g    1-苄基-4-(N′-3′,5′-二甲氧基苯基)氨基乙基]哌啶、2.0g三乙胺和20ml四氢呋喃的混合物中加入0.51g对氟肉桂酰氯,反应于室温下进行2小时。然后将反应混合物倒入水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂。
残余物经硅胶柱层析纯化(5%Me OH的CH2Cl2溶液),用通常的方法制备产物的盐酸盐,得0.9g标题化合物。
分子式:C31H35N2O3F·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.1~2.1(9H,m)、2.7~3.0(2H,bd)、3.51(2H,s)、3.83(8H,m)、6.1~6.4(4H,m)、6.9~7.8(10H,m)
实例19
N-(4′-(1′-苄基哌啶)乙基]-N-苯基烟酰胺二盐酸盐
将0.70g    N-[4′-(1′-苯基哌啶)乙基]苯胺和催化量的4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)哌啶溶于30ml吡啶中,在冰冷却下搅拌所得的溶液,向其中加入0.85g异烟酰氯,再搅拌3.5小时,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残余物经硅胶柱纯化,用通常的方法制备纯化产物的二盐酸盐,得到0.75g淡黄色的无定形物质(产率:73.0%)。
分子式:C26H29N3O·2HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.13~2.01(9H,m)、2.81(2H,bd)、3.44(2H,s)、3.88(2H,bt)、6.84~7.26(12H,m)、8.31(2H,d)
实例20
4-(1-苄基哌啶)-N-丙酰苯胺盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG113
将0.5g苯胺和1g三乙胺溶于四氢呋喃中,在搅拌下向其中滴加1g    4-(1-苄基哌啶)丙酰氯,随后于室温下反应5小时,蒸除溶剂,并将二氯甲烷加入残余物中。所得溶液用水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,再蒸除溶剂。残余物经硅胶柱纯化,得到目的化合物,为油状,用通常方法再制备该化合物的盐酸盐,得0.14g,为白色结晶。
熔点(℃):197.5~198℃
元素分析:C21H26N2O·HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):70.28    7.58    7.81
计算值(%):70.50    7.58    7.83
实例21
N-[3′-(1′-苄基吡咯烷)甲基]苯甲酰胺盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG114
在室温和1.5g三乙胺的四氢呋喃溶液存在下,使0.74g苄基氯和1g3-(2′-氨基甲基)苄基吡咯烷反应,同时搅拌反应系统。反应混合物用通常的方法进行后处理,经柱层析纯化,得到0.32g目的化合物,再用通常的方法制备该化合物的盐酸盐。
分子式:C19H22N2O·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;
1.48~3.08(7H,m)、3.44(2H,d)、3.62(2H,d)、7.04~7.88(10H,m)
实例22
4-[4′-(N-苄基)哌啶基]-3-羟基-对甲氧基-丙基苯基甲酮
Figure 881037796_IMG115
在氮气流下将2ml二异丙胺加到7ml四氢呋喃中,于0℃向其中加入7.6ml1.6M正丁基锂的己烷溶液,将混合物搅拌10分钟并冷却并-78℃,再加入1.65g对甲氧基苯乙酮在10ml四氢呋喃中的溶液,混合物搅拌20分钟,再向其中加入2.4g 1-苄基-4-哌啶甲醛在10ml四氢呋喃中的溶液,混合物搅拌10分钟。将1%氯化铵水溶液加到反应混合物中,然后用二氯甲烷萃取,萃取液用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析纯化(5%Me OH-CH2Cl2溶液),得到2.0g标题化合物。
分子式:C23H29N1O3
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.0~2.2(9H,m)、2.6~3.4(5H,m)、3.43(2H,s)、3.81(3H,s)、4.1(1H)、6.83(2H,d)、7.17(5H,s)、7.82(2H,d)
实例23
4-[4′-(N-苄基)哌啶基]对甲氧基丙基苯基甲酮盐酸盐
将0.54g 4-[4′-(N-苄基)哌啶基]-3-羟基-对甲氧基丙基苯基甲酮、0.1g对甲苯磺酸和30ml甲苯用迪安-斯达克冷凝器加热回流5小时,反应完成后将反应混合物倒入碳酸钾水溶液中,用二氯甲烷萃取,经无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物经柱层析纯化(5%Me OH-CH2Cl2),得到0.45g 1-苄基-4-[4-(对-甲氧基苯基)-4-氧代丁基]哌啶。该化合物溶于20ml Me OH中,向其中加入40mg 10%钯-炭(无水的),在大气压下于室温氢化1.5小时。滤去不溶物,在真空下蒸除溶剂,用通常的方法制备产物的盐酸盐,该盐酸盐用Me OH-异丙醚重结晶,得到0.2g标题化合物。
分子式:C22H29NO2·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.4~2.3(11H,m)、2.4~2.7(2H,m)、2.95(2H,t)、3.55(2H,s)、3.87(3H,s)、6.93(2H,d)、7.1~7.5(5H,m)、7.94(2H,d)
实例24
N-[4′-(1′-苄基哌啶)乙基]-3-呋喃碳酰胺盐酸盐
向40ml氯仿和40ml水的混合物中加入1.64g    4-(2-氨基乙基)-1-苄基哌啶和2.67g碳酸钾,混合物在冰冷却下搅拌1小时,分出有机相,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱纯化,用通常的方法制备产物的盐酸盐,得到1.60g淡黄色的无定形标题化合物(产率:61.1%)。
分子式:C19H24N2O2·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.47~2.10(9H,m)、2.81(2H,bd)、3.25~3.47(4H,m)、5.80(1H,bs)、6.51(1H,dd)、7.15~7.19(6H,m)、7.82(1H,dd)
实例25
N-[4′-(1′-金刚烷甲基哌啶基)乙基]苯甲酰胺
向15ml氯仿和15ml水的混合物中加入1.47g    N-[4′-(1′-金刚烷甲基)-4-(2-氨基乙基)哌啶和0.73g碳酸钾,混合物在冰冷却下激烈搅拌,向混合物中加入0.90g苯甲酰氯,接着于室温下搅拌过夜。分出有机相,用水和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱纯化,纯化产物用苯-正己烷重结晶,得到1.47g淡黄色的标题化合物(产率:72.6%),为片状结晶。
分子式:C25H36N2O
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.29~2.28(27H,m)、2.72(2H,bs)、3.43(2H,q)、6.01(1H,bs)、7.31~7.43(3H,m)、7.67(1H,dd)
实例26
N-甲基-N-[4′-(1′-金刚烷甲基哌啶基)乙基]苯甲酰胺盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG119
将0.18g氢化钠悬浮在2ml四氢呋喃中,悬浮液在冰冷却下搅拌,向悬浮液中滴加1.45g    N-[4′-(1′-金刚烷甲基哌啶基)乙基]苯甲酰胺溶于5ml四氢呋喃中的溶液,混合物于室温搅拌1小时,再用冰冷却,向其中加入0.36ml甲基磺,随后于室温搅拌过夜。将反应混合物倒入冰/水中,用氯仿萃取并进行盐析,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析纯化,得到0.60g黄色油状标题化合物(产率:47.0%)。
可以回收0.22g未甲基化的起始原料(回收率:15.2%)。用通常的方法制备上述油状物质的盐酸盐,得到0.52g标题化合物,为黄色的无定形物质(产率:37.6%)。
分子式:C26H38N2O·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;0.92~3.60(63H,m)
7.29(5H,s)
实例27
N-[4′-(1′-环己基甲基哌啶基)乙基]-N-甲基苯甲酰胺盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG120
将0.6g N-甲基-N-(4′-哌啶基乙基)苯甲酰胺、1.2g环己基溴、2.0g碳酸氢钠和30ml甲基乙基酮加热回流7小时,反应完成后向反应混合物中加入水,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取,萃取液用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经无水硫酸镁干燥,在真空下蒸除溶剂,残留物经硅胶柱层析纯化(5% MeOH-CH2Cl2),得0.3g标题化合物。
分子式:C22H34N2O·HCl
·1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;0.8~1.1(20H,m)、1.1~1.6(4H,m)、1.8~2.6(5H,m)、7.4(5H,s)
实例28~177
按实例1~27所述相同方法合成的化合物列于表4~8(Table    4~8)。
表4-8及表9中:
“Table”及“Cont′d”    分别表示“表”和“续”
“Physicochemical    constant”    表示“物理化学常数”
“Structural    formula”    表示“结构式”
“m.p.(℃)”    表示“熔点(℃)”
“elem.anal.”    表示“元素分析”
“elemental    analysis”    表示“元素分析”
“NMR    etc.”    表示“核磁共振谱等”
“molecular    formula”    表示“分子式”
“mol.form.”    表示“分子式”
“calculated(%)”    表示“计算值(%)”
“found(%)”    表示“实测值(%)”
“Example”    表示“实例”
“Ex.No.”    表示“实例号”
Figure 881037796_IMG121
Figure 881037796_IMG122
Figure 881037796_IMG126
Figure 881037796_IMG127
Figure 881037796_IMG130
Figure 881037796_IMG131
Figure 881037796_IMG133
Figure 881037796_IMG135
Figure 881037796_IMG136
Figure 881037796_IMG137
Figure 881037796_IMG140
Figure 881037796_IMG142
Figure 881037796_IMG143
Figure 881037796_IMG144
Figure 881037796_IMG147
Figure 881037796_IMG148
Figure 881037796_IMG149
Figure 881037796_IMG151
实例178
1-苯甲酰基-4-[5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基哌啶
Figure 881037796_IMG152
将0.85g    5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮和1.38g    1-苯甲酰基-4-哌啶甲醛溶于20ml无水四氢呋喃中,得到一溶液。于0℃向溶液中加1.02g    28%甲醇钠,混合物于室温搅拌2小时,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,并在真空下浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱纯化,得到1.23g    1-苯甲酰基-4-[5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-亚基]-甲基哌啶(产率:71%)。
将1.23g该化合物溶于20ml四氢呋喃中,再加0.3g    10%钯/炭,在常压下于室温进行氢化1天,滤去催化剂,滤液在真空下浓缩,残余物用二氯甲烷/己烷重结晶,得到1.10g标题化合物(产率:89%),性质如下:
熔点(℃):151~152℃
元素分析:C24H27NO4
C    H    N
计算值(%):73.26    6.92    3.56
实测值(%):73.30    6.85    3.32
实例179
4-[5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基哌啶盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG153
将9.00g    1-苯甲酰基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶溶于90ml二噁烷中,再加入90ml6N盐酸,混合物加热回流10小时,并在真空下浓缩。残余物用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯萃取,水层的pH值用50%氢氧化钠水溶液调节至12,用二氯甲烷萃取,有机层用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩,用通常的方法将得到的残余物转化成它的盐酸盐,产物用甲醇/乙醇重结晶,得到6.30g标题化合物(产率:85%),其性质如下:
熔点(℃):249~250℃(分解)
元素分析:C17H23NO3·HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):62.67    7.42    4.30
实测值(%):62.75    7.31    4.52
实例180
1-(3-氟苄基)-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基哌啶盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG154
将0.25g    4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基哌啶溶于6ml四氢呋喃中,再加入0.29ml三乙胺和0.13ml    3-氟苄基溴,将得到的混合物加热回流2小时,在真空下浓缩,残余物用乙酸乙酯稀释,相继用10%碳酸钠水溶液和饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩。残余物经硅胶柱纯化,并用通常的方法转化成它的盐酸盐,得到的产物用二氯甲烷/异丙醚重结晶,得0.27g标题化合物(产率:72%),其性质如下:
熔点(℃):230~232℃(分解)
元素分析:C24H28NO3·HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):66.43    6.74    3.23
实测值(%):66.18    6.79    3.11
实例181
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]甲基哌啶二盐酸盐
将1.00g5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮、0.31g多聚甲醛和0.90ml    1-苄基哌嗪悬浮于由30ml乙醇和2ml水组成的混合液中,悬浮液的pH值用浓盐酸调节至3,加热回流3小时,使其静置冷却,经过过滤得到白色固体。该固体悬浮于二氯甲烷中,依次用10%碳酸钠水溶液和饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱纯化,并用通常的方法使其转变成它的盐酸盐,产物用甲醇重结晶,得到0.55g标题化合物(产率:23%),其性质如下:
熔点(℃):227~228℃(分解)
元素分析:C23H29N2O3·2HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):60.79    6.88    6.16
实测值(%):60.31    6.95    6.06
实例182
4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基-1-乙氧羰基哌啶
将0.50g    1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基哌啶溶于8ml苯中,再加入0.15ml氯代甲酸乙酯,将得到的混合物加热回流3小时,用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩,残余物用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶,得0.45g标题化合物(产率:94%),其性质如下:
熔点(℃):132~133℃(分解)
元素分析:C20H27NO5
C    H    N
计算值(%):66.46    7.53    3.88
实测值(%):66.79    7.53    4.00
实例183
4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基-1-乙氧基羰基哌啶
Figure 881037796_IMG157
将2.00g    4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]-甲基-1-乙氧羰基哌啶溶于30ml四氯化碳中,再加入0.98g    N-溴琥珀酰亚胺和0.02g过氧苯甲酰,将得到的混合物加热回流5小时,用四氯化碳稀释,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩。
残余物溶于20ml四氢呋喃中,再加入1.66ml    1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯,将所得到的混合物加热回流30分钟,在真空下浓缩。残余物用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩。残余物经硅胶柱纯化,得1.12g油状标题化合物(产率:56%)。
分子式:C20H25NO5
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.23(3H,t),1.41~2.90(11H,m),3.84(3H,S),3.88(3H,S),4.10(2H,g),6.60(1H,S),6.97(1H,S),7.03(1H,S).
实例184
1-苄基-4-[(1,3-茚满二酮)-2-亚基]甲基哌啶
Figure 881037796_IMG158
将0.17ml二异丙基胺加到3ml无水四氢呋喃中,于0℃向混合物中加入0.75ml    1.6M正-丁基锂己烷溶液,混合物于0℃搅拌10分钟并冷却至-78℃,再加入0.18g    1,3-茚满二酮在8ml无水四氢呋喃中的溶液和0.21ml六甲基磷酰胺,得到的混合物于-78℃搅拌15分钟,再加入0.35g    1-苄基-4-哌啶甲醛在3ml无水四氢呋喃中的溶液,将混合物逐渐加热至室温,在室温下搅拌过夜。用二氯甲烷稀释,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩。得到的残余物用二氯甲烷/异丙醚重结晶,得到0.12g标题化合物(产率:29%),其性质如下:
熔点(℃):173~174℃(分解)
元素分析:C22H21NO2
C    H    N
计算值(%):79.73    6.39    4.23
实测值(%):79.43    6.20    4.31
实例185
1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基茚)-2-基]甲基哌啶盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG159
将0.24g    1-苄基-4-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满醇)-2-基]甲基哌啶溶于5ml二氯甲烷中,再加入10%盐酸的乙酸乙酯溶液,混合物在真空下浓缩。得到的残余物用二氯甲烷/异丙醚重结晶,得到0.24g标题化合物(产率:95%),其性质如下:
熔点(℃):216~217℃(分解)
元素分析:C24H29NO2·HCl
C    H    N
计算值(%):72.07    7.56    3.50
实测值(%):71.82    7.63    3.33
实例186
1-苄基-4-[3-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-亚基]]丙基哌啶盐酸盐
将0.31ml二异丙基胺加到5ml无水四氢呋喃中,于0℃向混合物中加入1.39ml    1.6M正丁基锂己烷溶液,所得混合物于0℃搅拌10分钟并冷却至-78℃,再加入0.39g    5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮在5ml无水四氢呋喃中的溶液和0.35ml六甲基磷酰胺。混合物于-78℃搅拌15分钟,再加入0.50g    3-(1-苄基-4-哌啶)丙醛在5ml无水四氢呋喃中的溶液,将混合物逐渐加热至室温,并于室温搅拌3小时。用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水溶液洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥,在真空下浓缩。残余物经硅胶柱纯化,并用通常的方法使其变成它的盐酸盐,得到0.55g油状标题化合物(产率:61%)。
分子式:C26H31NO3·HCl
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.10~3.00(13H,m),3.45(2H,S),3.50(2H,S),3.90(3H,S),3.95(3H,S),6.58~7.20(3H,m),7.27(5H,S).
实例187
1-苄基-4-[3-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-基]]丙基哌啶盐酸盐
Figure 881037796_IMG161
将0.40ml    1-苄基-4-[3-[(5,6-二甲氧基-1-茚满酮)-2-亚基]]丙基哌啶溶于15ml四氢呋喃中,再加入0.1g    10%钯/炭,在常压和室温下进行氢化2小时,滤去催化剂,滤液在真空下浓缩。残余物经硅胶柱纯化,并用通常的方法使其转变它的盐酸盐,得到0.37g油状标题化合物(产率:84%)。
分子式:C26H33NO3·HCl
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ;1.00~3.30(18H,m),3.38,3.43(total 2H,each S),3.85(3H,S),3.90(3H,S),6.77,6.83(total 1H,each S),7.05,7.10(total 1H,each S),7.18,7.20(total 5H,each S).
实例188-249
分别合成和分析列于表9的化合物。
Figure 881037796_IMG162
Figure 881037796_IMG163
Figure 881037796_IMG164
Figure 881037796_IMG165
Figure 881037796_IMG167
Figure 881037796_IMG170
Figure 881037796_IMG171
按照上述抑制作用的实验实例,将实例178-249中得到的化合物分别进行试验,结果见表10。
表    10
在体外对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用
对AchE的    对AchE的    对AchE的
化合 抑制作用IC50化合 抑制作用IC50化合 抑制作用IC50
物    (μM)    物    (μM)    物    (μM)
178    >10    202    1.2    226    0.0049
179    5.4    203    0.009    227    0.01
180    0.001    204    0.035    228    0.002
181    0.094    205    0.014    229    0.04
182    0.8    206    0.41    230    0.16
183    5.3    207    0.049    231    0.004
184    >5    208    0.062    232    0.1
185    0.00082    209    0.43    233    0.046
186    0.0015    210    0.06    234    0.0018
187    4.4    211    2    235    0.22
188    0.081    212    0.5    236    3.6
189    0.012    213    0.05    237    2.6
190    0.02    214    0.0084    238    0.072
191    0.085    215    0.0042    239    0.18
192    0.013    216    0.017    240    0.0089
193    0.2    217    0.14    241    0.22
194    0.069    218    20    242    2.9
表    10(续)
在体外对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用
对AchE的    对AchE的    对AchE的
化合 抑制作用IC50化合 抑制作用IC50化合 抑制作用IC50
物    (μM)    物    (μM)    物    (μM)
195    0.0071    219    19    243    4
196    0.0013    220    11    244    4.9
197    0.38    221    0.033    245    5
198    0.0054    222    0.11    246    4.4
199    0.023    223    0.0054    247    -
200    2.1    224    0.003    248    1.4
201    15    225    0.48    249    0.62

Claims (11)

1、制备X为式 的基团、其中n和R5的定义如下述的以下式(I)所示化合物的方法,
式中R1为下述取代的或未被取代的基团:(1)苯基,(2)吡啶基,(3)吡嗪基;(4)喹啉基,(5)茚满基,(6)环己基,(7)喹喔啉基,或(8)呋喃基;由苯环上未被取代或有取代基的茚满酮而派生的一价或二价基团;由环酰胺化合物而派生的一价基团;低级烷基或以式R3-CH=CH-表示的基团(其中R3为氢原子或低级烷氧基羰基),
X为以下式表示的基团:-(CH2)n-、
Figure 881037796_IMG4
Figure 881037796_IMG5
(其中R4为氢原子、低级烷基、酰基、低级烷基磺酰基、取代或未被取代的苯基或苄基)、
Figure 881037796_IMG6
(其中R5为氢原子、低级烷基或苯基)、-CH=CH(CH2)n-、
氧基羰基,
条件是上述X定义中n各自独立地为整数0~6,
R2为取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的芳烷基、肉桂基、低级烷基、吡啶甲基、环烷基烷基、金刚烷甲基或呋喃甲酰甲基,
上述一般式中符号 意指单键或双键,
该方法包括:使酰基卤(式Ⅳ)与哌啶衍生物(式Ⅴ)反应,得到式(Ⅵ)的目的化合物,反应式如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG10
2、制备R1为由苯环上有取代或无取代基的茚满酮派生的一价或二价基团,并且X为式-(CH2)n-所示的基团(其中n为整数1~6)的权利要求1中所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:使取代的1-茚满酮-2-基磷酸酯(式Ⅶ)与醛(式Ⅷ)进行维悌希反应,得到式(Ⅸ)化合物,然后将化合物Ⅸ催化还原,得到式(Ⅹ)的目的化合物,反应式如下:
3、制备R1为由苯环上有取代基或无取代基的茚满酮派生的一价或二价基团,X为式-(CH2)n-所示基团(其中n为整数1~6)的权利要求1中所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:使式(Ⅺ)化合物与式(Ⅷ)化合物在二异丙基氨基锂存在下反应,得到式(Ⅸ)化合物,然后将式(Ⅸ)化合物还原为式(Ⅹ)的目的化合物,反应式如下:
4、制备R1为由选自喹唑酮、四氢异喹啉酮、四氢苯并二氮杂
Figure 881037796_IMG13
酮和六氢苯并吖辛因酮的环酰胺化合物派生的一价基团的权利要求1中定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:使取代的1,2,3,4-四氢-5H-1-苯并二氮杂 -2-酮(式Ⅻ)与取代的N-苄基-4-(2-卤代乙基)哌啶(式ⅩⅢ)反应,得到式(ⅩⅣ)的目的化合物,反应式如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG15
其中R10和R11分别为氢原子、低级烷基、低级烷氧基或卤原子,n为整数1~6,p为整数1~3,Z为基团-CH2-或
Figure 881037796_IMG16
,其中R12为氢原子或低级烷基。
5、制备R1为式
Figure 881037796_IMG17
所示基团,X为基团-(CH2)n-的权利要求1中所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:使2-羟甲基烟酸内酯(ⅩⅤ)与取代的N-苄基(2-氨基乙基)哌啶(式ⅩⅥ)按一般方法进行反应,得到式(ⅩⅦ)所示的目的化合物,反应式如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG18
6、制备R1为式
Figure 881037796_IMG19
所示基团,X为基团-(CH2)n-的权利要求1中所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:使取代的2,3-二羟基吡咯并[3,4-b]苯(式ⅩⅧ)与取代的N-苄基(2-卤代乙基)哌啶(ⅩⅢ)反应,得到式(ⅩⅨ)的目的化合物,反应式如下:
7、制备R为式
Figure 881037796_IMG21
示基团,X为基团-CONH-(CH2)n-的权利要求1中所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:使2,3-吡嗪羧酸酐(ⅩⅩ)与取代的N-苄基(末端-氨基-烷基)哌啶(式Ⅵ)反应,得到式(ⅩⅪ)的目的化合物,反应式如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG22
8、制备R1为取代或未取代的苯基,X为基团
Figure 881037796_IMG23
或基团 的权利要求1中所定义的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:使苯乙酮(ⅩⅫ)与取代的N-苄基(末端-甲酰基烷基)哌啶缩合,制得化合物(ⅩⅩⅢ),再使化合物(ⅩⅩⅢ脱水,接着进行催化还原,得到式(ⅩⅩⅣ)的目的化合物,反应式如下:
9、制备J为(1)茚满基,(2)茚满酮基,(5)茚满二酮基,(6)萘满酮基,(7)苯并环庚酮基或丙酰基苯基,B为-(CHR22)r-、=(CH-CH=CH)b-、=CH-(CH2)c-或=(CH-CH)d=的以下式(ⅩⅩⅤ)所示化合物的方法,
Figure 881037796_IMG26
其中J是
(a)取代或未被取代的基团,该基团系选自(1)苯基,(2)吡啶基,(3)吡嗪基,(4)喹啉基,(5)环己基,(6)喹喔啉基,(7)呋喃基;
(b)一价或二价基团,其中苯基可以有一个或多个取代基,这些基团系选自(1)茚满基,(2)茚满酮基,(3)茚基,(4)茚酮基,(5)茚满二酮基,(6)萘满酮基,(7)苯并环庚酮基,(8)茚满醇基和(9)C6H5-CO-CH2-CH(CH3)-;
(c)由环酰胺派生的一价基团;
(d)低级烷基,或
(e)基团R21-CH=CH-,其中R21为氢或低级烷氧基羰基;
B是-(CHR22)r-;-CO-(CHR22)r-;-NR4-(CHR22)r-,R4为氢、低级烷基、酰基、低级烷基磺酰基、苯基、取代的苯基、苄基或取代的苄基;-CO-NR5-(CHR22)r-,R5为氢、低级烷基或苯基;-CH=CH-(CHR22)r-,-OCOO-(CHR22)r-;-OOC-NH-(CHR22)r-;-NH-CO-(CHR22)r-;-CH2-CO-NH-(CHR22)r-;-(CH)-CO-NH-(CHR22)r-;-CH(OH)-(CHR22)r-;r为零或整数1~10,R22为氢或甲基,结果使得亚烷基或者没有甲基支链,或者有一个或多个甲基支链;=(CH-CH=CH)b-,b为整数1~3;=CH(CH2)c-,c为零或整数1~9;=(CH-CH)d=,d为零或整数1~5;-CO-CH=CH-CH2-;-CO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-;-CH(CH3)-CO-NH-CH2-;-CH=CH-CO-NH-(CH22-;-NH-;-O-;-S-;二烷基氨基烷基羰基或低级烷氧基羰基;
T为氮或碳;
Q为氮、碳或 ;
q为整数1~3;
K为氢、苯基、取代的苯基,其中苯基可以有取代基的芳烷基、肉桂基、低级烷基、吡啶甲基、环烷基烷基、金刚烷甲基、呋喃甲基、环烷基、低级烷氧基羰基或酰基;
Figure 881037796_IMG28
表示单键或双键;
该方法包括:
a)使下面反应式中所示的磷酸酯与所示的醛类化合物进行维悌希反应,并将所得产物催化还原,得到目的化合物;反应式如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG29
式中B′是相当于将B中含有一个碳原子的末端基团去除而得到的基团;或者
b)使下面反应式中所示的化合物J-H与所示的一种醛类化合物进行常规的Aldole缩合反应,得到所示的一个目的化合物,再将此化合物还原,得到所要制备的产物,反应式如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG30
10、制备一种具有茚满醇结构的权利要求9中定义的式(ⅩⅩⅤ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:将相应的茚满酮化合物还原,反应式如下:
11、制备具有茚基的权利要求9中定义的式(ⅩⅩⅤ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:将由权利要求10方法制得的产物脱水,反应式如下:
12、制备具有茚酮基的权利要求9中定义的式(ⅩⅩⅤ)化合物的方法,该方法包括:将下面反应式中所示的含茚满酮结构的化合物转变为所示的溴化物,再使此溴化物进行β-消除反应,得到茚酮化合物,反应式如下:
Figure 881037796_IMG34
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CN103787954B (zh) * 2012-10-26 2016-01-20 中国科学院上海药物研究所 一类氟取代的环状胺类化合物及其制备方法、药物组合物和用途
CN103787954A (zh) * 2012-10-26 2014-05-14 中国科学院上海药物研究所 一类氟取代的环状胺类化合物及其制备方法、药物组合物和用途
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CN105753768A (zh) * 2014-12-15 2016-07-13 北京恒瑞新霖科技有限公司 一种含单个氮杂环化合物的生产方法
CN105753768B (zh) * 2014-12-15 2020-11-27 北京恒瑞新霖科技有限公司 一种含单个氮杂环化合物的生产方法
CN105367483A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2016-03-02 山东淄博新达制药有限公司 盐酸多奈哌齐的制备方法
CN105367483B (zh) * 2015-11-20 2017-12-26 山东淄博新达制药有限公司 盐酸多奈哌齐的制备方法
WO2024148788A1 (zh) * 2022-01-14 2024-07-18 上海科技大学 并环哌啶类化合物及其制备方法和用途

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