CN101018687A - 混合动力车用驱动装置 - Google Patents

混合动力车用驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101018687A
CN101018687A CNA2005800305297A CN200580030529A CN101018687A CN 101018687 A CN101018687 A CN 101018687A CN A2005800305297 A CNA2005800305297 A CN A2005800305297A CN 200580030529 A CN200580030529 A CN 200580030529A CN 101018687 A CN101018687 A CN 101018687A
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mentioned
clutch drum
rotor supports
drive shaft
rotor
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Granted
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CNA2005800305297A
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CN100526112C (zh
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野村晋一
山口康夫
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Aisin AW Co Ltd
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Aisin AW Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种混合动力车用驱动装置，包括：中间轴，其可相对旋转地与自动变速器的输入轴结合；起步离合器，其具备具有与上述变速器的输入轴结合的输出侧端部、和可旋转地支撑在上述中间轴上的输入侧端部，且在内部容纳有通过油压而接合的离合器机构的离合器鼓，并在上述离合器机构的接合时，上述离合器鼓作为将从发动机提供给上述中间轴的驱动力传递到上述变速器的输入轴的输出元件而起作用；电机/发电机，其具备：定子，其固定于组装在上述变速器的壳体上的电机壳的内部；转子支撑部件，其具有可旋转地支撑在上述电机壳的端壁上且与上述离合器鼓的输入侧端部沿轴向嵌合而被同心定位的筒状内端部、和与上述离合器鼓的外周面沿轴向游动嵌合的转子支撑部，并与上述离合器鼓结合；转子，其保持于上述转子支撑部件的转子支撑部，并其外周面与上述定子的内周面相对置配置。

Description

混合动力车用驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种搭载于混合动力车辆中而使用的驱动装置，特别涉及如下的混合动力车用驱动装置，即：其具备组装在可相对旋转地与自动变速器的输入轴结合的中间轴上的起步离合器、和包围该起步离合器并在轴向重叠地配置的电机/发电机，上述电机/发电机的电机动作时的驱动力通过上述起步离合器的离合器鼓传递到上述输入轴，在上述起步离合器接合时从发动机提供给上述中间轴的驱动力通过该起步离合器而传递到上述输入轴。
背景技术
在日本专利特开2004-1708号公报中公开了这种混合动力车用驱动装置。如附图的图4所示，该公报所公开的以往的混合动力车用驱动装置构成为：具备组装在可相对旋转地与自动变速器的输入轴ATi结合的中间轴m上的起步离合器SC、和将该起步离合器SC包围地配置的电机/发电机MG，且电机/发电机MG的电机动作时的驱动力通过起步离合器SC的离合器鼓SCh传递到上述输入轴ATi，在起步离合器SC接合时从发动机提供给中间轴m的驱动力通过该起步离合器传递到输入轴ATi。在该驱动装置中，其特征在于，起步离合器SC构成为比组装在发动机和中间轴m之间的缓冲机构D的直径还小，并配置于电机/发电机MG的内径侧，由此具有可缩短装置整体的轴向尺寸的优点。
在上述驱动装置中，保持转子R的转子支撑部件Ra，在其套筒状内端部Rai利用组装在电机壳Mc的端壁Mc1上的滚珠轴承BRG来进行支撑，而且通过滚柱轴承r并利用中间轴m来进行支撑。另一方面，起步离合器SC的离合器鼓SCh，利用其轮毂部Sco通过滚柱轴承r被支撑于组装在自动变速器的壳体Atc的端壁上的泵壳OPB，并利用其圆筒状外周部通过花键s与转子支撑部件Ra的转子支撑部结合。
在上述的驱动装置中，由于起步离合器SC的离合器鼓SCh和转子支撑部件Ra分别在其基端部被悬臂支撑，所以在将该两部件花键结合时难于进行同心定位。因此，不得不将定子S的内周面和转子R的外周面之间的间隙g设定得较大，而难于提高电机/发电机MG的驱动效率。
另外，起步离合器的润滑油穿过花键s而流入到电机室MV内后被转子R搅拌，因而担心会使电机/发电机MG的驱动效率降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，为解决上述难点，提供一种混合动力车用驱动装置，其在将电机/发电机的装配单元组装在起步离合器的离合器鼓上时，该装配单元与自动变速器的输入轴被同心定位(对中心)，并将该装配单元的转子隔着规定的间隙相对于定子准确地进行同心定位。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供一种混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，由以下部分构成，即：中间轴，其可相对旋转地与自动变速器的输入轴结合；起步离合器，其具备具有可旋转地支撑在上述变速器的壳体的端壁上且与上述变速器的输入轴结合的输出侧端部、和可旋转地支撑在上述中间轴上的筒状的输入侧端部，且在其内部容纳有通过油压而接合的离合器机构的离合器鼓，并在上述离合器机构的接合时，上述离合器鼓作为将从发动机提供给上述中间轴的驱动力传递到上述变速器的输入轴的输出元件而起作用；电机/发电机，其具备：定子，其以包围上述离合器鼓的方式固定于组装在上述变速器的壳体上的电机壳的内部；转子支撑部件，其具有可旋转地支撑在上述电机壳的端壁上的套筒状内端部、和与上述离合器鼓的圆筒状外周面沿轴向游动嵌合的转子支撑部，并与上述离合器鼓结合；转子，其保持于上述转子支撑部件的转子支撑部，并其外周面与上述定子的内周面相间隔配置，其中，在将上述电机壳组装在上述变速器的壳体上时，上述转子支撑部件的套筒状内端部与上述离合器鼓的输入侧的筒状端部嵌合而被同心定位，而且该套筒状内端部在从上述电机壳的端壁中的支撑部位在轴向上远离的位置，通过上述离合器鼓的筒状端部被支撑在上述中间轴上，上述转子的外周面以规定的间隙与上述定子的内周面相对。
在本发明的实施当中，作为上述离合器机构，最好采用湿式摩擦离合器机构，其由以下部分构成，即：与上述中间轴一体地旋转的输入侧的摩擦板；与上述离合器鼓一体地旋转的输出侧的摩擦板；将上述输入侧的摩擦板向输出侧的摩擦板按压的油压活塞。在这种情况下，最好将上述离合器鼓液密地且可旋转地架设于上述中间轴上，并将压力油穿过上述输入轴和中间轴的结合部提供给在该离合器鼓的内部由上述油压活塞划分形成的油压室，以使上述油压活塞进行动作。
附图说明
图1是基于本发明的混合动力车用驱动装置的一实施方式的剖视图。
图2是将图1所示的驱动装置中的起步离合器和电机/发电机的构造放大表示的剖视图。
图3是表示在图1所示的驱动装置中将电机/发电机和缓冲机构从起步离合器分离以后的状态的剖视图。
图4是以往混合动力车用驱动装置的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下面，参照附图对本发明的一实施方式进行说明。图1所示的混合动力车用驱动装置100具备：可相对旋转地与自动变速器AT的输入轴ATi结合的中间轴m；包围该中间轴m和组装于输入轴的起步离合器SC来配置的电机/发动机MG。在该驱动装置中，电机/发电机MG在电机动作时，其驱动力通过起步离合器SC的离合器鼓SCh传递到变速器AT的输入轴ATi，在起步离合器SC接合时，从汽油发动机E通过缓冲机构D提供给中间轴的驱动力，通过该起步离合器SC传递到输入轴ATi。
如图1和图2所示，自动变速器AT具备在壳体ATc内可旋转地架设于输入轴ATi的变速机构at，在其输出齿轮上连接有通过设置于副轴C的中间齿轮列而组装在前轮驱动轴Fa上的差速器d。中间轴m在其内端部通过密封圈or可相对旋转地与变速器的输入轴ATi结合。将设置在输入轴ATi的轴心上的油孔W1与形成在该中间轴m的大直径部mb上的内孔me连通。中间轴m通过组装在其外端部mi上的缓冲机构D与发动机E的曲轴Eo连接。
如图1和图2所示，缓冲机构D具备：被驱动部件Drn1，其与通过花键s与中间轴的外端部mi结合的轴套部Da一体地组装；一体地组装于从动盘Drn2的从动盘Drn3。从动盘Drn2在其外周缘部与固定于曲轴Eo的驱动盘Dri紧固。但是，被驱动部件Drn1位于从动盘Drn2和Drn3之间，且螺旋弹簧Cs插装于该被驱动部件Drn1和从动盘Drn2、Drn3之间。在该缓冲机构D中，当发动机E的驱动力提供给中间轴m时，螺旋弹簧Cs被压缩而吸收施加于中间轴m的冲击。
起步离合器SC具备：离合器鼓SCh和设置于该离合器鼓的内部的湿式多板离合器机构Pu。该离合器鼓SCh包括：输入侧部件SCh2，其具有通过滚柱轴承r而支撑于中间轴m的大直径部mb的输入侧的筒状端部SCh1；输出侧部件SCh3，其具有与变速器的输入轴ATi花键结合的套筒状的输出侧端部SCo1、以及通过滚柱轴承r自由旋转地支撑于被一体地组装在变速器的壳体ATc的端壁上的泵壳OPB的轮毂部SCo2，并且其与输入侧部件SCh2一体地结合。湿式多板离合器机构Pu具备：固定在中间轴m的轴套部mc上的环状隔壁板mp；以可向轴向移动的方式嵌合于该轴套部mc的活塞P1；被组装于一体地固定在该活塞P1上的支撑部件P2的多个内侧摩擦板SCd；以可向轴向移动的方式与输出侧部件SCh3的圆筒状外周部SCh4的内周面花键结合并介于内侧摩擦板SCd之间的多个外侧摩擦板SCp。离合器鼓SCh的内部通过活塞P1划分形成有油压室V1和V2。在该起步离合器SC中，响应于变速器的换档动作，将压力油提供给上述油压室V1并排出油压室V2内的动作油，由此接合上述离合器机构，通过缓冲机构D从发动机的曲轴Eo提供给中间轴m的驱动力通过离合器鼓SCh传递到变速器的输入轴ATi。
电机/发电机MG由无刷DC电机构成，其包括：固定在电机壳Mc的内周壁上的环状的定子S；被保持于转子支撑部件Ra的圆筒部Rao的转子R。定子S是在固定在电机壳Mc的内周壁上的由层压板形成的定子铁心Sa上缠绕线圈Sc而构成，并在线圈Sc的周围设置有屏蔽磁通泄漏的屏蔽板Sb。在该定子S中，当电流流入线圈Sc时，在线圈Sc、屏蔽板Sb、定子铁心Sa的路径上形成闭环的磁通，通过屏蔽板Sb来屏蔽该磁通的泄漏。转子R由埋入有永磁铁的层压板Rb构成，并以隔着间隙g与定子S的内周面相对的方式将其外周面固定于转子支撑部件Ra的圆筒部Rao。如图2所示，转子支撑部件Ra在将其圆筒部Rao在轴向隔着微小的间隙与离合器鼓SCh的圆筒状外周部SCh4嵌合的状态下，如图3所示，通过被紧固于焊接在离合器鼓的输入侧部件SCh2上的柱状螺栓Fb的螺母Fn，而被固定于离合器鼓。
如上述构成的电机/发电机MG，当在未图示的控制器的控制下，电流从燃料电池(未图示)流入到定子S的绕圈Sc时，转子R旋转并作为电机进行动作。另外，当利用发动机E的驱动力通过转子支撑部件Ra和离合器鼓来驱动转子R时，该电机/发电机MG作为发电机进行动作，并起到对上述燃料电池进行充电的作用。
对本发明的驱动装置而言，如图3所示，在其组装工序中在将中间轴m可相对旋转地与变速器AT的输入轴ATi结合的状态下，起步离合器SC在其两端部组装于输入轴ATi和中间轴m。在该组装工序中，离合器鼓SCh的输入侧部件SCh2，在其输入侧的筒状端部SCh1通过滚柱轴承r被同心地支撑于中间轴m。另一方面，电机/发电机MG组装于电机壳Mc的内部。在该组装工序中，定子S一体地固定于电机壳Mc的内周壁，转子支持部件Ra在其套筒状内端部Rai上通过滚珠轴承BRG可与定子S同心旋转地被支撑于电机壳Mc的端壁Mc1。由此，被转子支撑部件Ra的圆筒部Rao保持的转子R以在其外周面隔着规定的间隙g与定子S的内周面相对置的方式被组装。
如上述地将电机/发电机MG组装于其内部的电机壳Mc，在嵌合于与发动机E接合的中间壳体Dc的内部的状态下，通过该中间壳体Dc的接合端部与变速器的壳休ATc接合，并被一体地组装。在该组装工序中，当转子支撑部件Ra的圆筒部Rao沿轴向游动嵌合在离合器鼓SCh的圆筒状外周部SCh4时，通过滚珠轴承BRG支撑在电机壳Mc的端壁Mc1上的转子支撑部件Ra的套筒状内端部Rai，可相对旋转地沿轴向与构成离合器鼓SCh的输入侧部件SCh2的筒状端部SCh1嵌合，并以与变速器的输入轴ATi结合的中间轴m同心的方式被定位，并且，该套筒状内端部Rai，在从电机壳Mc的端壁中的支撑部BRG在轴向上远离的位置上，通过离合器鼓SCh的筒状端部SCh1被支撑在中间轴m上。这时，由于焊接在离合器鼓SCh的输入侧部件SCh2上的柱状螺栓Fb穿过设置于转子支撑部件Ra的贯通孔而突出，所以通过将螺母Fn紧固于该柱状螺栓Fb上，转子支撑部件Ra被固定于离合器鼓SCh。然后，通过将缓冲机构D组装于从转子支撑部件Ra的套筒状内端部Rai突出的中间轴m的外端部mi，而完成本发明的驱动装置的组装。
在搭载有如上述组装的本发明的驱动装置的车辆中，当驾驶员在关闭该车辆的点火开关而将变速器AT从驻车区域向驱动区域换挡的状态下踩踏油门踏板时，在控制器(未图示)的控制下，电流从燃料电池(未图示)向电机/发电机MG的定子线圈Sc流入而使转子R旋转，该电机/发电机MG作为电机进行动作。由此，电机/发电机MG的驱动力通过与转子R一体地旋转的转子支撑部件Ra和离合器鼓的输出侧部件SCh3而传递到变速器AT的输入轴ATi，变速器AT中的变速机构的低速齿轮列进行动作，该车辆低速起动。这时，起步离合器SC处于非接合状态的同时，发动机E被维持在停止状态。但是，当该车辆的行驶速度随着油门踏板的踩踏而上升时，响应于来自速度传感器(未图示)的信号，在控制器的控制下，设置于变速器AT的切换阀(未图示)进行切换，而从设置于该变速器中的油压泵提供的压力油，穿过输入轴ATi的油孔W1流入到起步离合器SC的油压室V1。由此，离合器机构的活塞P1进行动作而起步离合器SC接合，且电机/发电机MG的驱动力传递到中间轴m。
这时，利用从中间轴m通过缓冲机构D提供的驱动力，发动机E起动。在该动作模式下，电机/发电机MG的驱动力传递到变速器AT的输入轴ATi，而且发动机E的驱动力通过缓冲机构D、中间轴m以及起步离合器SC传递。
当在该车辆的行驶当中通过油门踏板的踩踏而使变速器AT的变速机构调高挡并过渡到高速行驶时，响应于变速机构的换挡动作，在控制器的控制下，电机/发电机MG被切断其电力提供并停止。由此，该车辆利用发动机E的驱动力行驶的同时，电机/发电机MG作为发电机进行动作并利用其电动势燃料电池被充电。在该车辆通过刹车踏板的踩踏而停车时，在控制器的控制下发动机E停止，并在该车辆重新进行起动时，与上述的起动动作相同，利用电机/发电机MG的电机动作，变速器AT的输入轴ATi通过电机/发电机MG的驱动力而旋转，该车辆再次低速起动。
这样，搭载有本发明的驱动装置的车辆，在其停车时，不引起发动机E的怠速动作而起动，并在其行驶速度达到燃料消耗效率较好的速度时利用发动机E的驱动力来行驶。因此，本发明的驱动装置，在减少车辆起动时和低速行驶时的废弃排放的同时，非常有助于提高发动机E的燃料消耗效率。
以上，如通过本发明的一实施方式的详细说明可理解的那样，基于本发明的混合动力车用驱动装置中，具有如下构成上的特征：在将电机壳Mc与自动变速器AT的壳体Atc接合并组装时，转子支撑部件Ra的套筒状内端部Rai，与离合器鼓的输入侧的筒状端部SCh1嵌合并被同心定位的同时，该套筒状内端部Rai从电机壳的端壁Mc1中的支撑部BRG在轴向上远离的位置，通过离合器鼓SCh的筒状端部SCh1被支撑于中间轴m。由此，在将电机/发电机MG的装配单元组装于起步离合器的离合器鼓时，该装配单元与自动变速器的输入轴m被同心定位，并在将该单元的转子支撑部件Ra固定于离合器鼓SCh的输入侧部件SCh2时，该单元的转子R的外周面隔着规定的间隙g相对定子S的内周面准确地进行同心定位。

Claims (9)

1.一种混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，由以下部分构成，即：
中间轴，其可相对旋转地与自动变速器的输入轴结合；
起步离合器，其具备具有与上述变速器的输入轴结合的输出侧端部、和可旋转地支撑在上述中间轴上的输入侧端部，且在内部容纳有通过油压而接合的离合器机构的离合器鼓，并在上述离合器机构的接合时，上述离合器鼓作为将从发动机提供给上述中间轴的驱动力传递到上述变速器的输入轴的输出元件而起作用；
电机/发电机，其具备：定子，其固定于组装在上述变速器的壳体上的电机壳的内部；转子支撑部件，其具有可旋转地支撑在上述电机壳的端壁上的内端部、和与上述离合器鼓的外周面沿轴向游动嵌合的转子支撑部，并与上述离合器鼓结合；转子，其保持于上述转子支撑部件的转子支撑部，并其外周面与上述定子的内周面相对置配置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，在将上述电机壳组装在上述变速器的壳体上时，上述转子支撑部件的内端部与上述离合器鼓的输入侧端部沿轴向嵌合而被同心定位，而且该转子支撑部件的内端部在从上述电机壳的端壁中的支撑部位在轴向上远离的位置，通过上述离合器鼓的输入侧端部被支撑在上述中间轴上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述离合器鼓具有：可旋转地支撑在上述变速器的壳体的端部上且与上述变速器的输入轴结合的输出侧端部、和可旋转地支撑在上述中间轴上的筒状的输入侧端部，上述转子支撑部件具有：可旋转地支撑在上述电机壳的端壁上的套筒状内端部、和与上述离合器鼓的圆筒状外周面沿轴向嵌合的转子支撑部，
在将上述电机壳与上述变速器的壳体接合并组装时，上述转子支撑部件的套筒状内端部沿轴向嵌合于上述离合器鼓的输入侧端部并被同心定位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，
上述电机/发电机作为具备以下部件的单一单元而构成，即：圆筒状的定子，其以包围上述离合器鼓的方式固定于组装在上述变速器的壳体上的电机壳的内部；转子支撑部件，其具有可旋转地支撑在上述电机壳的端壁上的套筒状内端部、和与上述离合器鼓的圆筒状外周面沿轴向嵌合的转子支撑部，并固定于该离合器鼓；转子，其保持于该转子支撑部件的上述转子支撑部，且其外周面以规定的间隙与上述定子的内周面相对置配置，并且，上述电机/发电机被同心地组装于上述离合器鼓的输入侧端部。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，在将上述电机壳与上述变速器的壳体接合时，上述转子支撑部件的套筒状内端部与上述离合器鼓的输入侧端部沿轴向嵌合而被同心定位，而且该套筒状内端部在从上述电机壳的端壁中的支撑部在轴向上远离的位置，通过上述离合器鼓的输入侧端部被支撑在上述中间轴上，上述转子的外周面以所规定的间隙与上述定子的内周面相对置。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，作为上述离合器机构采用由以下部分构成的湿式摩擦离合器机构，即：与上述中间轴一体地旋转的输入侧的摩擦板；与上述离合器鼓一体地旋转的输出侧的摩擦板；将上述输入侧的摩擦板向输出侧的摩擦板按压的油压活塞。
7.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，将上述离合器鼓液密地且可旋转地架设于上述中间轴上，并将压力油穿过上述输入轴和中间轴的结合部提供给在该离合器鼓的内部由上述油压活塞划分形成的油压室，以使上述油压活塞进行动作。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，以上述离合器鼓容纳于上述转子支撑部的内侧的方式配置上述转子支撑部件。
9.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力车用驱动装置，其特征在于，在上述中间轴的外端部设有吸收从发动机传递来的驱动力的冲击的缓冲机构。
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