CN1116183C - 机动车辆用的复合推进系统 - Google Patents

机动车辆用的复合推进系统 Download PDF

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CN1116183C
CN1116183C CN98812606A CN98812606A CN1116183C CN 1116183 C CN1116183 C CN 1116183C CN 98812606 A CN98812606 A CN 98812606A CN 98812606 A CN98812606 A CN 98812606A CN 1116183 C CN1116183 C CN 1116183C
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combustion engine
motor
rotor
clutch
axle
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CN1283156A (zh
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D·梅斯蒂
D·卡纳佐
M·加拉贝洛
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Marelli Europe SpA
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Magneti Marelli SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/08—Serially-arranged clutches interconnecting two shafts only when all the clutches are engaged
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/108—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/42—Clutches or brakes
    • B60Y2400/424—Friction clutches
    • B60Y2400/4242—Friction clutches of dry type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

机动车辆用的推进系统(1)包括内燃机(2)、变速箱(5)、位于内燃机(2)的轴(4)和变速箱(5)的输入轴(6)之间的接合装置(20，21)，和包括定子(11)和转子(17)的可逆式旋转电机(11，17)，该电机作为内燃机(2)的起动电机和发电机。电机(11，17)布置在内燃机(2)和变速箱(5)之间并与该内燃机(2)的轴(4)和变速箱(5)的输入轴(6)同轴。接合装置包括第一离合器(20)和第二离合器(21)，其中第一离合器(20)用于控制电机的转子(17)和变速箱(5)之间的联接，第二离合器(21)用于控制电机的转子(17)和内燃机(2)的轴(4)之间的联接。这些离合器(20，21)可彼此独立地有选择地被控制。

Description

机动车辆用的复合推进系统
本发明涉及机动车辆用的推进系统。
大多数目前制造的带有内燃机的机动车辆都具有由分立的电机构成的起动电机和发电机(通常是交流电动机)。
为克服这种传统布置方式的许多缺点，在内燃机上联接了单个可逆式旋转电机，该电机既作为起动电机又作为发电机。
在已知的这种布置方式中，旋转电机布置成其轴与内燃机的轴平行，而且这些轴通过带式或链条传动系统，包括减速装置如行星齿轮进行联接。在内燃机的起动过程中，当电机作为起动电机时，该减速装置使电机轴和内燃机轴之间的转速下降。
这种已知布置方式的有利之处在于，不需要对内燃机的传统构造进行特殊的改型和修改。但是，位于电机和内燃机之间的传动系统则是这种布置方式的关键方面。
DE-A-3320950公开了一种机动车辆用的推进系统。在该先前系统中，发动机轴上面没有固定飞轮。单独的飞轮件与电机的转子永久地固定在一起，并可通过两个离合器之一有选择地与发动机轴联接。所述转子被被发动机轴支撑以进行旋转。
本发明的目的是制造一种上述形式的推进系统，该推进系统使得能够克服已知布置方式的缺点，并且能够实现许多其它的功能，如回收机动车辆的动能、仅利用电力牵引使机动车辆移动的可能性、和实现“停车和开动”式策略以减少燃油消耗和污染性排放物。
为此本发明提供一种机动车辆用的推进系统，包括：内燃机；变速箱；位于内燃机的轴和变速箱的输入轴之间的离合器装置；可逆式旋转电机，该电机包括支撑壳、定子和位于定子内的转子，该电机适合作为内燃机的起动电机和作为发电机进行操作；所述电机布置在内燃机和变速箱之间，并且安装成与所述内燃机的轴和变速箱的输入轴同轴；所述离合器装置包括用于控制电机转子和变速箱之间的联接的第一离合器；以及用于控制电机转子和内燃机的轴之间的联接的第二离合器；所述第一和第二离合器可彼此独立地有选择地被控制；其特征在于，飞轮永久地固定在所述内燃机的轴上；以及电机的转子被电机的壳体支撑以进行旋转。
从下面参考附图仅通过非限制性实例给出的详细描述中可明显地看到本发明的其它特征和优点，其中：
图1为根据本发明的推进系统第一实施例的轴向局部剖面视图；
图2为根据本发明的推进系统不同实施例的局部剖面视图；
图3为另一个实施例的局部剖面视图。
在图1中，参考标号1整体表示根据本发明的推进系统。
该推进系统包括主体或曲轴箱3，内燃机轴4可旋转地支撑在该曲轴箱内。推进系统1还包括变速箱5，变速箱5包括例如齿轮箱，其输入轴6与内燃机2的轴4同轴。
功能组7布置在内燃机2和变速箱5之间，从下面可以明显地看到，该功能组包括可逆式电机，最好是三相式电机，并且还包括一对摩擦接合装置。
功能组7包括壳体，在所示实施例中，壳体由相互联接的两个主体或半壳8和9构成。
背离变速箱的主体或半壳8具有孔10，变速箱的输入轴6可旋转地支撑在该孔内，该输入轴伸入到所述主体8内。
主体或半壳9包括基本圆柱形的圆周套筒9a，可逆式电机的定子11固定在该套筒内，定子11带有许多绕组12。飞轮13焊接在内燃机轴4的面向中间功能组7的端部上，该飞轮伸入到在功能组7的主体或半壳9和内燃机2的主体或曲轴箱3之间限定的空间内。与内燃机轴4同轴的轴部14从飞轮13的中心部分伸出。轴14的端部14a具有许多沿周边布置的纵向通道。类似地，变速箱5输入轴的端部6a也具有许多沿周边布置的纵向通道。
中间功能组7的半壳9具有基本横向的壁9b，该壁的周边与套筒9a接触。该壁9b在其中心形成管形轮毂9c，轴14伸入到该轮毂9c内。支撑体15固定在主体9的壁9b的背部，该支撑体15也构成包围轴14的轮毂15a，轮毂15a与轮毂9c同轴并位于轮毂9c内。支撑轴承16安装在轮毂9c的外部。
整体表示为17的转子可旋转地安装在定子11内。在所示实施例中，该转子包括固定在内主体19上的C形截面外环形主体18。内主体19具有外环形套筒19a，径向中间部分19b，和径向最里面的轮毂形式的管形部分19c，管形部分19c可旋转地安装在支撑轴承16上。
功能组7包括两个摩擦接合装置，在图1中它们整体表示为20和21。如将从下面明显地看到的，离合器20控制电机转子17和变速箱输入轴6之间的联接，而另一个离合器21控制该转子和内燃机轴4之间的联接。
离合器20包括盘22，盘22通过挠性联接23连接在轮毂24上，轮毂24通过沟槽联接安装在变速箱5输入轴6的端部6a，使得轮毂24与该轴一起旋转，但可相对轴轴向移动。
盘22的两个面上分别具有摩擦衬片25和26，其中第一个摩擦衬片面向止推环27，第二个摩擦衬片面向与电机转子17一起旋转的环形件28。
盘形弹簧29与止推环27相联，该弹簧位于变速箱的输入轴6内部，滑动安装在与所述轴同轴的套筒30a上的控制套筒30以已知方式与该弹簧进行配合。
控制套筒30的轴向位置可由机动车辆的驾驶员例如通过踏板和相关的机构或液力传动系统进行控制。
摩擦接合装置20最好是常闭型的。
摩擦接合装置21包括盘31，盘31通过已知型式的挠性联接33连接在套筒32上。相关的摩擦衬片34和35布置在盘31的两个面上，一个面向环28，另一个面向与电机转子17一起旋转的止推环36。
套筒32通过沟槽联接安装在轴14的端部14a，因此它与内燃机的轴4一起旋转，但可相对轴4轴向移动。
盘形弹簧37与止推环36相联，其围绕轴14布置并通过适当的销38保持在转子17的主体19上。该弹簧趋向于迫使止推环36与盘31的摩擦衬片接合。
参考标号39表示止推轴承，该轴承同轴安装在轴14上并可在安装在轴14上的套筒30c上滑动，轴承位于主体9的轮毂9c内，相对弹簧37位于止推环36的相反侧。
止推轴承39布置在弹簧37的径向最里面部分和环形活塞40之间，活塞40安装成能够在与轴14同轴的环形座或腔41内密封滑动。
在主体9内形成有基本径向的通道42，该通道在活塞40的后面通入到腔41内。管43连接在通道42上并能够供给液压流体，液压流体使活塞40向弹簧37滑动以通过该弹簧打开摩擦接合装置21。
向管43的加压流体供给可通过液压管路进行控制，液压管路由电子单元进行控制，液压管路和电子单元都未示出。
在操作过程中，摩擦接合装置20和21可彼此独立地被控制。
通过控制这些摩擦接合装置，可以实现许多功能，下面描述其中最重要的功能。起动内燃机
通过利用电机11、17作为起动电机来起动内燃机2。为此，将摩擦接合装置20和21都打开，或者将离合器21打开并将档位置于空档位置。在这些条件下，电机的转子17与车轮和内燃机2的轴4都脱开。然后电机可连接到电源上(机动车辆上的电池和相关的转换器)并作为起动电机。当转子17达到某一转速时(该状态可由已知的传感器检测到)，控制单元释放供给管43的压力，使得摩擦接合装置21被弹簧37关闭。因此，转子17与内燃机的轴4联接以起动内燃机。
当内燃机起动后，停止向电机11、17供电，然后驾驶员可关闭摩擦接合装置20以通过转子17将变速箱5与内燃机的轴4联接，从而使机动车辆移动。发电
当机动车辆运行时，转子17被内燃机2的轴4驱动旋转。现在电机作为发电机向车上的各种电气/电子装置供电，并保证维持车上电池的足够的电荷水平。回收机动车辆的动能
与推进系统相联的电子单元可以这样布置，即当机动车辆制动时，摩擦接合装置21打开，而摩擦接合装置20关闭。在这种情况下，电机的转子17被变速箱5的轴6驱动旋转。在这种状态下，电机作为制动器并发电，从而回收了一部分机动车辆的动能。利用电力牵引移动机动车辆
例如，在小空间内操纵时、排队时或当通过应避免废气排放的区域时，推进系统使得能够利用电力牵引来移动机动车辆。为实现仅通过电力进行移动，与推进系统相联的控制单元打开摩擦接合装置21。当摩擦接合装置20关闭时，电机可由车上的电池供应电能并作为与变速箱5联接的电动机。“停车和开动”运行
当例如在红绿灯处车辆减速或停下时，可以关闭内燃机2。摩擦接合装置21打开，而离合器20通常关闭。如下所述，然后重新起动内燃机以起动车辆。“主动飞轮”功能
当摩擦接合装置21关闭时，电机的转子17与内燃机2的轴4一起旋转，事实上，转子17构成与该轴相联的辅助飞轮。
在正常操作中，内燃机2的轴4在转速是变化的，这种变化通过内燃机2的机架传递到机动车辆的车体上，并产生振动。
在根据本发明的推进系统中，可以通过这样的方法补偿内燃机2的速度和扭矩变化以及由此产生的传递到机动车辆结构上的振动，即适当控制电机的扭矩，使其与内燃机的循环保持适当相位，从而使得扭转固定在内燃机轴4上的转子17在轴趋向于加速时使轴减慢，当轴趋向于减速时使轴加快。
图2所示为根据本发明的推进系统第一实施例。在该图中，与上面参考图所述的相同或等同的零件和元件用相同的参考标号表示。
图2的实施例与图1的实施例具有相同的功能性，从结构的观点看，主要有以下不同之处。
飞轮13仍连接在内燃机轴4的面向中间功能组7的端部上，但是，该飞轮不再构成图1的轴部分14。
作为电机支撑体的半壳9具有面向变速箱5的横向壁，并构成轮毂9c，支撑轴承16位于该轮毂9c内。
转子17也包括圆周环形主体18，主体18具有C形剖面并固定在内主体19上。与内燃机轴4和变速箱轴6同轴的轴44固定在内主体19的中心部分。轴44的面向变速箱5的端部连接有整体盘部分45，面向摩擦接合装置20的盘22的摩擦衬片26的环28通过挠性联接装置33连接在整体盘部分45上。该盘22直接固定在套筒24上，而没有中间的挠性联接。
支撑体15直接包围在转子轴44上，活塞40安装在支撑件15内以能够密封滑动。
转子的部分19具有管形构造或轮毂19c，轮毂19c与轴44同轴并伸向支撑体15。支撑轴承16布置在该轮毂19c和电机支撑体9的轮毂9c之间。止推轴承39围绕转子轴44滑动安装，轴向布置在活塞40和许多止推销46之间，止推销46穿过转子主体19并与摩擦接合装置21的盘形弹簧37的径向最里面部分接合。该弹簧37的周边与固定在转子主体19上的环47接合。
在摩擦接合装置21内，止推环36位于环47和飞轮13之间。该止推环相对环47滑动安装，并通过沟槽联接安装在环47内。摩擦接合装置21的摩擦衬片34和35由环形盘31载带，盘31连接在飞轮13的周边上，并可相对飞轮13进行有限的轴向移动。
根据图2的布置方式和图1所示布置方式之间的重要区别是电机转子17与内燃机2的轴4的连接不同。在根据图2的布置方式中，该联接不带弹性挠性联轴器，这使得能够在动态变化非常的情况下更好地利用扭矩。例如在上述“主动飞轮”功能中，这是特别有利的。
图3所示为根据本发明的推进系统的另一个实施例。
在图3中，已经参考前面附图描述的零件和部件给予相同的参考标号。
与图1和2中所示的实施例相比，在图3所示的布置方式中，管形轮毂48固定在内燃机2的轴4上，支撑轴承16位于该管形轮毂48内。飞轮13从轮毂48的外表面伸出。成型环51固定在轮毂48的面向变速箱5的端部。
电机的转子17包括带有C形剖面的周边环形体18，内主体19固定在环形体18上，内主体19具有圆周套筒19a、盘形部分19b和轴44，轴44接合在内燃机轴4的轮毂48内，支撑轴承16布置在轴44和轮毂48之间。轴44具有面向变速箱5的轴向延伸部分44a。环49安装在轴44的该延伸部分44a上，支撑轴承52布置在环49和延伸部分44a之间。
转子主体19的环49和盘形部分19b通过许多弹性元件50联接在一起，因此它们构成一双质量飞轮。
环49面向摩擦接合装置20的盘22上的摩擦衬片26。盘22直接安装在套筒24上，而没有中间的弹簧联接。
控制电机转子和内燃机2的轴4之间的联接的摩擦接合装置21包括与转子一起旋转的环形盘31，盘31的相对面上备有摩擦衬片34和35。
盘31布置在飞轮13和止推环36之间，止推环36轴向可移动地布置在飞轮13和转子17的主体19之间。盘形弹簧37与止推环36相联，该弹簧的径向最里面部分压在螺杆53的端部上，螺栓53轴向可滑动地安装在在飞轮13的径向最里面部分中形成的相应孔内。螺栓53的另一端压在成型环形件54上，许多活塞40作用在环形件54的另一侧上。这些活塞安装在支撑体15的内部，支撑体15固定在作为电机支撑体的半壳9的壁9b上。
通过图3推进系统获得的操作形式，特别是功能，与参考图1和2的实施例所述的基本相同。
根据本发明的推进系统具有许多优点。
首先，布置在内燃机2和变速箱5之间的功能组7可以制造成尺寸非常有限。
在装配到内燃机2和变速箱5之间之前，电机可以预装配并进行检测。该预装配的电机可与不同种类的内燃机和/或不同种类的变速箱连接。
功能组7还使得能够实现许多功能，这些功能整体上能够提高效率并明显减少燃油消耗和废气排放。
当然，在不偏离如在后附权利要求中限定的本发明的范围的情况下，当本发明的原理保持不变时，相对通过非限制性实例所述和展示的情况，这些实施例和构造细节可以进行各种改变。

Claims (9)

1、机动车辆用的推进系统(1)，包括：
内燃机(2)；
变速箱(5)；
位于内燃机(2)的轴(4)和变速箱(5)的输入轴(6)之间的离合器装置(20，21)；
可逆式旋转电机(11，17)，该电机包括支撑壳(9)、定子(11)和位于定子(11)内的转子(17)，该电机适合作为内燃机(2)的起动电机和作为发电机进行操作；所述电机(11，17)布置在内燃机(2)和变速箱(5)之间，并且安装成与所述内燃机(2)的轴(4)和变速箱(5)的输入轴(6)同轴；
所述离合器装置包括
用于控制电机转子(17)和变速箱(5)之间的联接的第一离合器(20)；以及
用于控制电机转子(17)和内燃机(2)的轴(4)之间的联接的第二离合器(21)；
所述第一和第二离合器(20，21)可彼此独立地有选择地被控制；
其特征在于，
飞轮(13)永久地固定在所述内燃机(2)的轴(4)上；以及
电机(11，17)的转子(17)被电机(11，17)的壳体(9)支撑以进行旋转。
2、根据权利要求1中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述第二离合器(21)包括联接盘形件(31)，该盘形件被永久连接，以与所述飞轮(13)一起旋转。
3、根据权利要求1或2中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述离合器(20，21)是摩擦接合装置。
4、根据前述权利要求之一的系统，其特征在于，所述第二离合器(21)是电液控制型的。
5、根据权利要求3或4中所述的系统，其特征在于，每个离合器(20；21)都包括设有摩擦材料衬片(25，26；34，35)的相关盘(22；31)、相关的轴向可移动的止推环(27，26)、和相关的抵靠件(29，49；28，47，13)，抵靠件相对所述盘位于止推环的相反侧，并由电机的转子(17)驱动旋转。
6、根据权利要求5中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述离合器(20，21)包括与离合器(20，21)的一个盘(22，31)配合的单个抵靠件(28)  。
7、根据权利要求5或6中所述的系统，其特征在于，第二离合器(21)的盘(31)固定在所述飞轮(13)上。
8、根据权利要求1中所述的系统，其特征在于，电机的转子(17)可通过弹簧装置(33)联接在所述飞轮(13)上，使得转子(17)和所述飞轮(13)一起构成双质量飞轮。
9、根据任一前述权利要求中所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电机(11，17)是三相式的。
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AR014013A1 (es) 2001-01-31
JP2001522012A (ja) 2001-11-13
WO1999022955A1 (en) 1999-05-14
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EP1027224A1 (en) 2000-08-16
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