CN102869529B - 锥盘无级变速器 - Google Patents

锥盘无级变速器 Download PDF

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CN102869529B
CN102869529B CN201180018829.9A CN201180018829A CN102869529B CN 102869529 B CN102869529 B CN 102869529B CN 201180018829 A CN201180018829 A CN 201180018829A CN 102869529 B CN102869529 B CN 102869529B
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cone dish
toric transmission
motor
torque sensor
starting clutch
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CN102869529A (zh
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E·洛伦茨
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66272—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members characterised by means for controlling the torque transmitting capability of the gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/10—Temporary overload
    • B60L2260/14—Temporary overload of transmissions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/107—Infinitely variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
    • F16H55/32—Friction members
    • F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
    • F16H55/56—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种锥盘无级变速器，其包括第一锥盘组和第二锥盘组，所述第一和第二锥盘组分别配置给一个轴并且通过缠绕装置以驱动方式这样地彼此连接，使得能够无级地调节传动比，所述锥盘无级变速器还包括配置给第一锥盘组的输入元件、具有输入件和输出件的起动离合器和具有定子和转子的电机。本发明的特征在于，所述起动离合器和电机直接连接在所述输入元件上。此外，本发明的特征还在于，给所述第一锥盘组配置一扭矩传感器并且所述输入元件是所述扭矩传感器的输入件。

Description

锥盘无级变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锥盘无级变速器。
背景技术
由德国公开文献DE19857708A1公开了一种具有起动离合器的锥盘无级变速器，该起动离合器构造为动液压扭矩变换器并且通过两个正齿轮连接在第一锥盘组的变速器轴上。由德国公开资料DE102005027614A1公开了一种锥盘无级变速器，其具有扭矩传感器和构造为多片离合器的起动离合器，所述起动离合器包括一个具有圆柱形区域的离合器壳，起动离合器的外部片悬挂在该离合器壳中。所述扭矩传感器的传感机构间接地通过轴向齿结构与所述圆柱形区域的圆周面无相对转动地、但是可轴向滑移地连接。轴向指的是朝着或平行于盘组之一的旋转轴线的方向。
近几年开发了所谓的混合动力交通工具，其是内燃发动机和电机的组合，以便保护环境并且改善燃料消耗。电机在此能够作为发电机和/或电动机运行。相应地也建议了这种混合交通工具和无级V带变速器的组合。
由德国公开资料DE10113504A1公开了一种用于锥盘无级变速器的控制装置，其中，内燃发动机的输出轴通过电磁离合器与电动机转子的一个端部连接。在电动机转子的另一端部与一输出轴之间设置由两个可变锥盘组(初级锥盘组和次级锥盘组)和V带或链条构成的锥盘无级变速器。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种的用于混合动力交通工具的锥盘无级变速器，其结构简单并且制造成本低廉。特别地，根据本发明的锥盘无级变速器在轴向方向上要比传统的锥盘无级变速器需要更小的安装空间。
根据本发明，提出了一种锥盘无级变速器，其包括第一锥盘组和第二锥盘组，所述第一和第二锥盘组分别配置给一个轴并且通过缠绕装置以驱动方式这样地彼此连接，使得能够无级地调节传动比，所述锥盘无级变速器还包括配置给第一锥盘组的输入元件、具有输入件和输出件的起动离合器和具有定子和转子的电机，所述任务通过以下方式解决，即，所述起动离合器和电机直接连接在所述输入元件上。所述输入元件可以是锥盘无级变速器的输入轴的一个区段、毂或连接在该输入轴上的另一结构元件。起动离合器优选构造为湿式多片离合器并且可作为特别节省结构空间的部件预装配。起动离合器和电机可设置在变速器的相同轴向区段上。电机可以设置在起动离合器的径向内部或径向外部。这提供的优点是，不需要附加的轴向空间。
所述锥盘无级变速器的一个实施例的特征是，给所述第一锥盘组配置一扭矩传感器并且所述输入元件是所述扭矩传感器的输入件。也就是在所述第一锥盘组前面连接一个具有一构件的扭矩传感器，所述构件用作输入元件。
所述锥盘无级变速器的一个优选实施例的特征是，所述起动离合器的输出件和所述力矩传感器的输入件整合在一个唯一的板材件中。所述板材件一方面具有扭矩传感器的斜坡板或传感器板的功能，另一方面，所述板材件例如承担构造为湿式多片离合器的起动离合器的内片承载件的功能。
所述锥盘无级变速器的另一优选实施例的特征是，所述电机的转子连接在所述扭矩传感器的输入件上。
根据所述锥盘无级变速器的另一优选实施例，所述电机的定子连接在该锥盘无级变速器的壳体上。
所述锥盘无级变速器的另一优选实施例的特征是，所述起动离合器和电机设置在所述扭矩传感器的径向外部。这提供的优点是，对于起动离合器不需要附加的轴向结构空间或用于电机的附加轴向结构空间非常小。也就是起动离合器、电机和扭矩传感器彼此插套地设置。
所述锥盘无级变速器的另一优选实施例的特征是，所述起动离合器和/或电机设置在与所述扭矩传感器相同的轴向区段中。电机也可以设置在相同的轴向区段中，确切地说设置在起动离合器的径向内部或径向外部。这提供的优点是，不需要附加的轴向结构空间。
根据所述锥盘无级变速器的优选实施例，所述电机设置在该锥盘无级变速器的湿室中。
所述锥盘无级变速器的另一优选实施例的特征是，所述起动离合器构造为具有内部片承载件的多片离合器，所述内部片承载件是所述扭矩传感器的斜坡板或传感器板。这除了节省结构空间之外还提供的优点是，节省至少一个部件，特别是板材件。
所述锥盘无级变速器的一个特别优选的实施例的特征是，在该锥盘无级变速器后面连接一个具有前进挡和后退档的旋转方向颠倒装置，其中，所述旋转方向颠倒装置具有同步装置和中性位置。
电机在湿式起动离合器后面直接在力流中连接在扭矩传感器上。在此，电机可构造为预装配的、节省结构空间的部件。通过这种方式可以减小变速器在轴向方向上的总长度。由此，所述锥盘无级变速器特别适合于在前-横向方向上安装，因此电机仅仅需要很少附加的轴向结构空间。此外，起动离合器能够有利地与扭矩传感器插套地设置，其中，电机直接嵌入到扭矩传感器的输入部件中。转子的接收部可借助于板材件结构实现，所述板材件结构附加地还允许进一步传输电机的力矩。另一优点是，可将电机的下部结构容易地预先装配到变速器壳体中。这种布置不仅结构特别短，而且与现有技术的变速器相比具有更小的重量。公知的变速器通常要求用于使电机与内燃发动机分离的附加离合器。此外并且附加地，在使用扭矩传感器的情况下也可以在纯电动运行中在不提高锥盘的过度压紧的情况下利用其优点，例如相对精确地预给出对于可靠运行所需的压紧压力。
通过所述连接在前面的起动离合器的打开可进行纯电动行驶。此外，通过所述离合器的打开也可在制动时纯电动地产生制动力矩。因此不产生通过内燃发动机的推进力矩导致的损失。通过这种方式，当电机用作发电机时，可在推进运行中实现特别有效的利废。如果在锥盘无级变速器后面连接一个用于前进-和后退行驶且具有空转的同步换向变速器，则例如在等交通信号灯和电池电量相对较空时只能通过马达在空转中进行利废。
具有电机的锥盘无级变速器能够以下述运行方式运行：
在离合器闭合时，交通工具能够纯粹利用内燃发动机运行，而电机的转子一起旋转，但电机本身是空转。如果电机作为发电机运行，则可进行电能储存器的充电或者进行耗电器的运行。此外，电机可以作为电动机运行并且在运行中支持或增强内燃发动机。如果在锥盘无级变速器后面设置具有空转的换挡变速器(例如用于前进-和后退行驶)，则可以在空转位置中在交通工具静止的情况下进行发电机运行以给电池充电。反过来，当电机作为马达工作时，可以在空转位置中启动内燃发动机。在离合器打开时可进行纯电动行驶，但是也可以将制动-或推进能量转换为电能，其中，内燃发动机的推进力矩不会导致损失。由此可以实现更有效的利废运行，而不必在内燃发动机与电机之间设置第二分离离合器或空程。
附图说明
由下面的说明中得出本发明的另外的优点、特征和细节，在所述说明中参照附图详细描述本发明的实施例。
唯一的附图示出本发明的锥盘无级变速器的一个局部的纵截面图。
具体实施方式
在图1中以局部方式示出锥盘无级变速器1的纵截面图。所述锥盘无级变速器1包括两个(未示出的)锥盘组，所述锥盘组通过缠绕装置例如链条彼此连接以传递扭矩。这种锥盘无级变速器也被称为CVT变速器(无级变速器)。每个锥盘组都包括一个轴向固定的锥盘和一个轴向可移动的锥盘，后者也被称为行程盘。
所述锥盘无级变速器1包括一个起动离合器5和一个扭矩传感器8。所述扭矩传感器8设置在变速器轴11上，所述变速器轴配置给所述锥盘无级变速器1的第一锥盘组。所述变速器轴11的端部设置在一个至少部分地构造为空心轴的、被驱动的轴12中。
起动离合器5的输入件14在径向外部焊接在所述被驱动的轴12上。所述输入件14构造为板材件，其从所述被驱动的轴12阶梯状并且倾斜地径向朝外延伸并且过渡到一个空心圆柱形区段18中。外部片21悬挂在所述输入件14的空心圆柱形区段18中。因此该起动离合器5的输入件14是外部片承载件16，所述外部片21与该外部片承载件无相对转动地、但是可轴向有限移位地连接。
一个轴向的止挡24固定在所述外部片承载件16的空心圆柱形区段18上。所述外部片21与所述内部片25相互作用以形成湿式工作的多片离合器，所述内部片无相对转动地、但是可轴向有限移位地与内部片承载件28连接。内部片承载件28在所述空心圆柱形区段18内部包括一个另外的空心圆柱形区段29，所述内部片25悬挂在所述另外的空心圆柱形区段29中。
所述内部片承载件28构造为板材件30，该板材件与所述空心圆柱形区段29一体地连接。所述板材件30带有倾斜部和倒圆部地从所述空心圆柱形区段29径向朝内延伸。根据本发明的一个观点，所述板材件30同时也是扭矩传感器8的输入件并且为了该目的设置斜坡元件或扩撑元件，它们在中间连接一些球31的情况下与另外的设置在扭矩传感器8的传感器板32上的斜坡元件和扩撑元件相互作用。根据本发明的另一观点，保持件30不仅是扭矩传感器8的输入件而且同时也是第一锥盘组的输入元件。也就是说，所述板材件30是集成构件。此外，一个多件式的连接件37利用其一个端部与所述输入元件连接，该连接件的另一端部与一轴承板38连接。所述轴承板38一方面与电机2的转子3连接以在电机2与所述第一锥盘组的输入元件30或者反过来之间传递扭矩，并且另一方面确保所述转子3借助于轴承35支承在变速器壳体39中。为了支承所述轴12，在变速器壳体39中设置一个另外的轴承36。所述电极2除了所述转子3之外还包括一个固定地设置在变速器壳体39中的定子4。
通过所述起动离合器5，在闭合状态中、也就是当内部片25与外部片21摩擦锁合地连接时将扭矩导入到板材件30中。导入的扭矩通过扭矩传感器8导入到变速器轴11中。在此，板材件30通过球31与扭矩传感器8的传感器板32这样地相互作用，使得扭矩冲击引起传感器活塞33的轴向滑移。由此提高作用在配属的行程盘上的压紧压力。借助于所述扭矩传感器8可与施加的扭矩成比例地调节作用在压紧缸中的压力。
在起动离合器5的闭合状态中，交通工具可纯粹利用通过轴12导入的扭矩运行，而电机2的转子3无负载地一起旋转，也就是说电机2本身为空转。但是电机2也可以作为发电机运行，以便允许给电能储存器充电或者允许电消耗器的运行。此外，在离合器5闭合时，电机2可作为电动机运行并且支持或增强通过轴12供入的力矩。如果在锥盘无级变速器1后面设置具有空转的换挡变速器(例如用于前进-和后退行驶)，则可以在空转位置中在借助于锥盘无级变速器运行的交通工具静止的情况下进行发电机运行以给电池充电。反过来，当电机2作为马达工作时，可以在空转位置中启动与轴12连接的内燃发动机。在离合器5打开时可进行纯电动行驶，但是也可以将制动-或推进能量转换为电能，其中，内燃发动机的推进力矩在电机2上不产生制动力矩，也就是不会导致损失。由此可以实现更有效的利废运行，而不必在内燃发动机与电机2之间设置分离离合器或空程。
起动离合器5通过操纵活塞40操纵，所述操纵活塞可在轴向方向上往复运动地在所述被驱动的轴12的面向扭矩传感器8的端部上被导向。所述操纵活塞40带有阶梯部和倒圆部地基本上径向朝外向着起动离合器5的片组延伸。所述操纵活塞40在一个阶梯区域中在中间连接至少一个密封装置42的情况下靠置在外部片承载件16上，以便限定操纵压力空间44的边界。
一个流体通孔45通入到所述操纵压力空间44中，所述流体通孔基本上横向地穿过所述被驱动的轴12延伸。所述流体通孔45使所述操纵压力空间44与一环形间隙48连接，所述环形间隙在径向方向上构造在变速器周11与被驱动的轴12之间。在所述环形间隙或环形空间48中设置一径向轴承50，所述径向轴承例如构造为滚针轴承。所述环形间隙48用于将操纵流体、特别是液压介质通过所述流体通孔45根据需要导入到所述操纵压力空间44中。
所述操纵流体通过泵、特别是液压泵提供，所述泵通过未示出的耦合元件驱动。所述操纵活塞40通过优选构造为盘形弹簧的弹簧52在轴向方向上相对于外部片承载件16预加载。所述弹簧52支撑在所述板材件30上，所述板材件为内部片承载件28。如果所述操纵压力空间44中的压力克服了弹簧52的预加载力，则操纵活塞40这样地朝着起动离合器5的片组运动，使得内部片25与外部片21摩擦锁合地连接。通过所述摩擦锁合使起动离合器5闭合。
所述板材件30在径向内部沿轴向方向支撑在一轴向轴承54上，所述轴向轴承又支撑在一个止挡环55上，所述止挡环部分地设置在变速器轴11的环形槽中。通过所述轴向轴承54防止板材件30在图1中向左、也就是向着被驱动的轴12轴向地运动。
当然，具有电机的所述锥盘无级变速器也可以在无扭矩传感器的情况下使用。在该情况下，起动离合器的输出件和所述连接件或轴承板直接与变速器的输入轴或与中间连接的毂连接。起动离合器和电机的径向插套、也就是在相同轴向区段中的布置也是可以并且优选的。
附图标记表
1锥盘无级变速器32传感器板
2电机33传感器活塞
3转子34湿室
4定子35轴承
5起动离合器36轴承
8扭矩传感器37连接件
11变速器轴38轴承板
12被驱动的轴39变速器壳体
14输入件40操纵活塞
16外部片承载件42密封装置
18空心圆柱形区段44操纵压力室
21外部片45流体通孔
24轴向的止挡48环形间隙
25内部片50径向轴承
28内部片承载件52弹簧
29空心圆柱形区段54轴向轴承
30板材件55止挡环
31球

Claims (9)

1.一种锥盘无级变速器(1)，其包括第一锥盘组和第二锥盘组，所述第一和第二锥盘组分别配置给一个轴并且通过缠绕装置以驱动方式这样地彼此连接，使得能够无级地调节传动比，所述锥盘无级变速器还包括配置给第一锥盘组的输入元件(30)、具有输入件(14)和输出件的起动离合器(5)和具有定子(4)和转子(3)的电机(2)，其特征在于，所述起动离合器(5)和电机(2)直接连接在所述输入元件(30)上,给所述第一锥盘组配置一扭矩传感器(8)并且所述输入元件(30)是所述扭矩传感器(8)的输入件。
2.如权利要求1所述的锥盘无级变速器(1)，其特征在于，所述起动离合器(5)的输出件和所述扭矩传感器(8)的输入件整合在一个唯一的板材件(30)中。
3.如权利要求1所述的锥盘无级变速器，其特征在于，所述电机(2)的转子(3)连接在所述扭矩传感器(8)的输入件上。
4.如权利要求1所述的锥盘无级变速器(1)，其特征在于，所述电机(2)的定子(4)连接在该锥盘无级变速器(1)的壳体(39)上。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的锥盘无级变速器(1)，其特征在于，所述起动离合器(5)和电机(2)设置在所述扭矩传感器(8)的径向外部。
6.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的锥盘无级变速器(1)，其特征在于，所述起动离合器(5)和/或电机设置在与所述扭矩传感器(8)相同的轴向区段中。
7.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的锥盘无级变速器(1)，其特征在于，所述起动离合器(5)构造为具有内部片承载件(28)的多片离合器，所述内部片承载件(28)是所述扭矩传感器(8)的斜坡板或传感器板。
8.如前述权利要求1至4中任一项所述的锥盘无级变速器(1)，其特征在于，所述电机(2)设置在该锥盘无级变速器(1)的湿室(34)中。
9.如前述权利要求1至4中任一项所述的锥盘无级变速器(1)，其特征在于，在该锥盘无级变速器(1)后面连接一个具有前进挡和后退档的旋转方向颠倒装置，其中，所述旋转方向颠倒装置具有同步装置和中性位置。
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