WO2016017191A1 - 表示素子、感光性組成物およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ - Google Patents
表示素子、感光性組成物およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016017191A1 WO2016017191A1 PCT/JP2015/050378 JP2015050378W WO2016017191A1 WO 2016017191 A1 WO2016017191 A1 WO 2016017191A1 JP 2015050378 W JP2015050378 W JP 2015050378W WO 2016017191 A1 WO2016017191 A1 WO 2016017191A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- electrode layer
- layer stack
- display element
- partition wall
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/004—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid
- G02B26/005—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid based on electrowetting
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/033—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/027—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds
- G03F7/032—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders
- G03F7/037—Non-macromolecular photopolymerisable compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds, e.g. ethylenic compounds with binders the binders being polyamides or polyimides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0387—Polyamides or polyimides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/075—Silicon-containing compounds
- G03F7/0757—Macromolecular compounds containing Si-O, Si-C or Si-N bonds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display element, a photosensitive composition, and an electrowetting display.
- the electrowetting phenomenon is achieved, for example, by applying a voltage to immiscible polar liquids and nonpolar liquids (usually colored) on electrodes having a hydrophobic surface, so that the polar liquid (nonpolar This is a phenomenon utilizing the change in the contact angle with respect to the liquid.
- this nonpolar liquid is enclosed in a space defined by a partition wall.
- Elements utilizing this electrowetting phenomenon exhibit high brightness and contrast ratio, large viewing angle, fast switching speed, etc. Also, since display elements utilizing this phenomenon do not require front or backlight, they are consumed. Power is relatively low. For this reason, the element is used in various optical applications such as optical switches for optical fibers, optical shutters or filters for cameras or guidance devices, optical pickup elements, optical waveguide materials and video display pixels.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose display elements using such a phenomenon.
- the display element displays characters, figures, etc. by changing the existence state of the nonpolar liquid depending on the presence or absence of an applied voltage, so that the nonpolar liquid enclosed in the space defined by the partition walls If it leaks into the space, proper display tends to be impossible. Accordingly, the space defined by the partition walls is required to be a space that prevents the nonpolar liquid from leaking into other spaces.
- the display element displays characters, figures, etc. by changing the presence state of the nonpolar liquid depending on the presence or absence of an applied voltage. Is desired to be performed smoothly. Along with the demand for extending the life of the display element, it is also required that the change of the liquid presence state be stably performed for a long period of time.
- the conventional display element has room for further improvement in order to satisfy these requirements.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above requirements, and is unlikely to cause cracks or separation between a partition wall and a layer in contact with the partition wall, and the presence of a nonpolar liquid can be smoothed by the presence or absence of an applied voltage. It is another object of the present invention to provide a display element that can be changed stably for a long period of time.
- a display element comprising: a housing space formed between the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack; and a partition wall that partitions the housing space; the partition wall; and the first electrode layer stack;
- the absolute value of the difference in thermal linear expansion coefficient between the second electrode layer stack and the surface layer in contact with the partition walls existing on the surface in contact with at least one of the accommodation spaces is within a predetermined range, whereby the above-described problem can be solved.
- a configuration example of the present invention is as follows.
- the storage space includes at least a non-miscible polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid
- a surface layer in contact with the partition wall exists on a surface in contact with the accommodation space of at least one of the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack
- the display element whose absolute value of the difference of the thermal linear expansion coefficient of the said partition and a surface layer is 150 ppm / K or less.
- crosslinking agent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing compound, an epoxy group or oxetanyl group-containing compound, and an alkoxyalkyl group-containing compound.
- alkali-soluble polymer is a compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a silanol group.
- the alkali-soluble polymer is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of an acrylic resin, polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polysiloxane, polyolefin, a resin having a cardo skeleton, and a novolac resin.
- the display element according to any one of [7] to [7].
- a container including a first electrode layer stack, a second electrode layer stack, and a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid immiscible with each other formed between the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack.
- a partition that divides the space The absolute value of the difference in thermal linear expansion coefficient between the first electrode layer stack and the surface layer in contact with the partition wall, which is present on the surface in contact with at least one of the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack, is 150 ppm / K or less. Bulkhead, To form the Photosensitive composition.
- the photosensitive composition according to [10] which is a negative composition containing an alkali-soluble polymer, a crosslinking agent, and a photoinitiator.
- An electrowetting display including the display element according to any one of [1] to [9].
- the electrowetting display according to [12] including a color filter layer.
- the display element which can be provided can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the display element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the partition walls (lattice-patterned coating film) obtained in the examples.
- the display element according to the present invention is represented by, for example, FIG. 1 and is formed between the first electrode layer stack 11, the second electrode layer stack 12, and the first electrode layer stack 11 and the second electrode layer stack 12. And a partition wall 13 that partitions the storage space 16.
- the housing space 16 includes at least a polar liquid 15 and a nonpolar liquid 14 that are immiscible with each other,
- the absolute value of the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the partition wall 13 and the surface layer is 150 ppm / K or less.
- the absolute value of the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the partition wall and the surface layer is 150 ppm / K or less, preferably 130 ppm / K or less, more preferably 110 ppm / K or less, particularly preferably 100 ppm / K or less. It is. Specifically, the absolute value of the difference in the thermal linear expansion coefficient can be measured by the method described in the following examples.
- the partition wall and the electrode layer stack may be bonded using an adhesive or the like.
- the surface layer is not an adhesive layer but a surface in contact with the accommodation space of the electrode layer stack.
- a surface layer is present on the surface of the first electrode layer stack 11 in contact with the accommodation space 16, and the surface layer is a hydrophobic layer. Therefore, in the display element 10, when no voltage is applied (“turn off” in FIG. 1), the nonpolar liquid (colored liquid) 14 exists flat so as to cover the surface of the first electrode layer stack 11. . On the other hand, when a voltage is applied to the display element 10 (“turn on” in FIG. 1), the nonpolar liquid 14 exists in a substantially hemispherical shape in the vicinity of the partition wall 13. Thus, the display element of the present invention changes the presence state of the nonpolar liquid depending on the presence or absence of an applied voltage, and expresses, for example, a colored state and a transparent state by using a colored nonpolar liquid. Can do.
- the voltage applied to the display element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a voltage that can change the presence state of the nonpolar liquid.
- the display element of the present invention may be an element having one pixel region (cell) in which the accommodation space is divided by four partition walls or the like, but usually, a plurality of partitions in which the accommodation space is partitioned by a plurality of partition walls.
- Each of the pixel areas is formed so as to enable full color display on the display surface side of the display element.
- the display color on the display surface side can be changed by changing the presence state of the nonpolar liquid by the electrowetting phenomenon for each pixel region.
- the partition defines an accommodation space formed between the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack.
- the partition wall is not particularly limited as long as it is a wall that plays a role of preventing the passage of nonpolar liquid between adjacent pixel regions in pixel regions (cells) that exist continuously. Therefore, the partition may be in contact with both the first electrode layer stack 11 and the second electrode layer stack 12 as shown in FIG. 1, but as shown in FIG. In the case of 16 existing on the first electrode layer stack 11 side, it exists only on the first stack 11 side and does not have to be in contact with the second electrode layer stack 12. When the partition wall is in contact with the first electrode layer stack or the second electrode layer stack, it may be integrated with the first electrode layer stack or the second electrode layer stack. It may be adhered to the stack.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the partition wall is preferably 0.1 to 150 ppm / K, more preferably 0.1 to 140 ppm / K, still more preferably 0.1 to 120 ppm / K, and particularly preferably 0. .1 to 100 ppm / K.
- the thermal expansion coefficient can be measured by the method described in the following examples.
- the partition wall having such a thermal linear expansion coefficient is prepared by appropriately adjusting the composition forming the partition wall.
- the amount of the crosslinkable monomer used in the composition, the type of the polymer and the crosslinking agent can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the ratio or appropriately adjusting the amount of the inorganic filler used.
- a partition wall having a low coefficient of thermal expansion can be obtained by increasing the amount of the crosslinking monomer used, increasing the amount of the crosslinking agent used for the polymer, or increasing the amount of the inorganic filler used.
- the height of the partition walls plays a role of preventing the passage of nonpolar liquid between the pixel regions.
- the length is not particularly limited as long as the length can be adjusted.
- the thickness of the barrier rib (the length in the direction substantially perpendicular to the interval direction between the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack, the length in the left-right direction in FIG. 1) also plays a role in preventing the passage of the nonpolar liquid.
- the length is not particularly limited as long as the length can be adjusted, but is 1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 40 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of the strength of the partition walls.
- the partition may be a single layer film or a laminate having a BM (black matrix) layer, a reinforcing layer, a surface coating layer, or the like.
- the partition wall may be a film without holes or a film with holes in a lattice shape or a slit shape.
- the partition wall is preferably a film obtained from a photosensitive composition from the standpoint that a display element having a plurality of pixel regions in which the accommodation space is partitioned by a plurality of partition walls can be easily formed.
- the partition is more preferably a film obtained from a composition in which components are adjusted so that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the partition obtained is in the above range.
- the photosensitive composition may be a positive photosensitive composition or a negative photosensitive composition, but a display element having a plurality of pixel regions in which a housing space is partitioned by a plurality of partition walls.
- the negative photosensitive composition is preferable from the standpoint that a display element can be easily produced, and a display element in which deterioration of display properties hardly occurs over a long period of time is obtained.
- the photosensitive composition is not particularly limited, but a composition containing an alkali-soluble polymer, a crosslinking agent, and a photoinitiator is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a partition wall whose property change is small over a long period of time.
- Examples of the composition include the compositions described in JP-A Nos. 2006-154434 and 2007-293306.
- the photosensitive composition is A first electrode layer stack, a second electrode layer stack, and a containing space formed between the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack, the polar liquid and the nonpolar liquid being immiscible with each other.
- a partition wall The absolute value of the difference in thermal linear expansion coefficient between the first electrode layer stack and the surface layer in contact with the partition wall, which is present on the surface in contact with at least one of the first electrode layer stack and the second electrode layer stack, is preferably 150 ppm / K or less. Is 130 ppm / K or less, more preferably 110 ppm / K or less, particularly preferably 100 ppm / K or less, Therefore, the photosensitive composition can be suitably used as such a partition wall forming composition.
- Such a photosensitive composition is preferably a negative composition containing an alkali-soluble polymer, a crosslinking agent and a photoinitiator.
- alkali-soluble polymer is not particularly limited.
- alkali-soluble means that it can be dissolved in an alkali solution, for example, a 2.38 mass% tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution.
- the alkali-soluble polymer may be used singly or in combination of two or more, for example, an alkali-soluble polymer and a non-alkali-soluble polymer, or a polymer blend such as two or more alkali-soluble polymers. Good.
- the alkali-soluble polymer is at least selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a silanol group from the viewpoint of solubility in an alkaline solution, particularly a 2.38 mass% aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution.
- a compound having one functional group is preferred.
- an acrylic resin, polyimide, polybenzoxazole, polysiloxane, polyolefin, a resin having a cardo skeleton, and a novolac resin are preferable.
- the alkali-soluble polymer measured by gel permeation column chromatography, specifically, the weight average molecular weight measured by the method described in the following examples is from the viewpoint of developability of the resulting photosensitive composition. , Preferably 1000 to 100,000, more preferably 1500 to 50,000.
- the content of the alkali-soluble polymer is preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% with respect to 100% by mass of the photosensitive composition. % By mass.
- the acrylic resin is preferably an acrylic resin having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group from the viewpoint of alkali solubility. From the viewpoint of developability of the resulting photosensitive composition, it is a copolymer obtained by using the compound (a) and the following compound (b) (however, the monomer contains an acrylic compound). preferable.
- Compound (a) Compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group and silanol group
- Compound (b) Compound other than compound (a)
- the compound having a carboxyl group in the compound (a) is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid; maleic acid, fumaric acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, itaconic acid, and the like. And methacrylic acid derivatives having a carboxyl group and an ester bond such as 2-malenoyloxyethyl methacrylate, 2-succinoloyloxyethyl methacrylate, and 2-hexahydrophthaloyloxyethyl methacrylate. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and 2-hexahydrophthaloyloxyethyl methacrylate are preferable.
- the compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group in the compound (a) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 3-hydroxystyrene, 4-hydroxystyrene, vinyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 3-isopropenylphenol, 4-isopropenylphenol. And vinyl monomers having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Of these, 4-isopropenylphenol is preferred.
- the compound having a silanol group in the compound (a) is not particularly limited.
- Examples include hydrolysates of alkoxysilyl group-containing vinyl monomers such as silane, ⁇ - (meth) acryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and ⁇ - (meth) acryloxypropylmethyldipropoxysilane. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the compound (b) include (meth) methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- Acrylic acid alkyl ester (meth) acrylic acid alkoxy ester such as 2-ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate; hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylic acid ester such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate Halogen-containing (meth) acrylic esters such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylic aryl esters such as phenyl (meth) acrylate and benzyl (meth) acrylate; (Meth) acrylates and other heterocyclic group-containing (meth) acrylic acid esters; dicarboxylic acid diesters such as diethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate and diethyl itaconate; styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methyl Vinyl group-containing aromatic compounds such as styrene and
- n independently represents a natural number of 1 or more and 6 or less.
- (meth) acrylates such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, benzyl methacrylate, styrene, N-phenylmaleimide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2 , 2,2-trifluoroethyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and compounds represented by the above formulas (6) and (7) are preferable.
- the compound (b) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the compound (b) used is preferably 5 to 95% by mass, more preferably 10 to 90% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the total amount of the compound (a) and the compound (b).
- the acrylic resin can be obtained, for example, by polymerizing the compound (a) and the compound (b) in a conventionally known organic solvent using a conventionally known radical initiator.
- Polyimide is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of alkali solubility, a polyimide having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group is preferable, and has the functional group, A polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (A1) is preferable.
- R 1 is a divalent group having a hydroxyl group
- X is a tetravalent organic group.
- R 1 include a divalent group represented by the following formula (a1).
- R 2 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, a methylene group, a dimethylmethylene group or a bis (trifluoromethyl) methylene group;
- R 3 is independently hydrogen An atom, a formyl group, an acyl group or an alkyl group. However, at least one of R 3 is a hydrogen atom.
- n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 2. However, at least one of n1 and n2 is 1 or 2. When the total of n1 and n2 is 2 or more, the plurality of R 3 may be the same or different.
- Examples of the tetravalent organic group represented by X include a tetravalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a tetravalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a group represented by the following formula (1).
- X is preferably a tetravalent organic group derived from tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and more preferably a group represented by the following formula (1).
- Ar is independently a trivalent aromatic hydrocarbon group
- A is a direct bond or a divalent group.
- the divalent group include an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a sulfonyl group, a carbonyl group, a methylene group, a dimethylmethylene group, and a bis (trifluoromethyl) methylene group.
- the polyimide can be obtained by imidization by a conventionally known method using a conventionally known method such as diamine and acid anhydride.
- the polymer having the structural unit represented by the formula (A1) has at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group in which X or R 1 in the formula (A1). It may be a polymer having a functional group obtained by partial imidization using a compound having the functional group as a raw material for synthesizing the polymer.
- the imidation ratio of the polyimide is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 3% or more, and further preferably 5% or more.
- the upper limit value of the imidization rate may be 100%, but is preferably 50%, more preferably 30%.
- the imidation ratio is in the above range, it is preferable in that a polymer excellent in heat resistance and alkali solubility is obtained.
- Polybenzoxazole is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of alkali solubility, polybenzoxazole having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group is preferred, A polymer having a functional group and having a structural unit represented by the following formula (a5-1) is preferable.
- X 1 is a tetravalent organic group having an aromatic ring
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group.
- the aromatic ring in X 1 may be either a substituted or unsubstituted ring.
- the substituent include —OH, —COOH, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- N and O bonded to X 1 are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms on the aromatic ring in X 1 to form a benzoxazole ring, for example.
- the plurality of aromatic rings may form any structure of a linked polycyclic system and a condensed polycyclic system.
- the total number of carbon atoms in X 1 is preferably 6 to 24, more preferably 6 to 20, and still more preferably 6 to 18.
- Y 1 is preferably a divalent group containing at least one ring selected from an alicyclic ring and an aromatic ring, and has 1 to 4 aromatic rings A group is more preferred, and a group having two aromatic rings is particularly preferred.
- the alicyclic ring and aromatic ring contained in Y 1 may be either substituted or unsubstituted rings. Examples of the substituent include —OH, —COOH, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.
- the plurality of rings may form any structure of a linked polycyclic system and a condensed polycyclic system.
- the total number of carbon atoms in Y 1 is preferably 4 to 24, more preferably 4 to 15, and still more preferably 6 to 12.
- the polybenzoxazole can be obtained by a conventionally known method, for example, by polymerizing at least one selected from dicarboxylic acids, diesters thereof and dihalides and diamines having two hydroxyl groups.
- the polymer having the structural unit represented by the formula (a5-1) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group in which X 1 or Y 1 in the formula (a5-1). It may have one functional group, and may be a polymer having the functional group obtained by partial cyclization using a compound having the functional group as a raw material for synthesizing the polymer.
- the cyclization rate of the polybenzoxazole is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 3% or more, and further preferably 5% or more.
- the upper limit of the cyclization rate may be 100%, but is preferably 50%, more preferably 30%.
- the cyclization rate is in the above range, it is preferable in that a polymer excellent in heat resistance and alkali solubility is obtained.
- the cyclization rate can be measured, for example, as follows. First, the infrared absorption spectrum of polybenzoxazole is measured to confirm the presence of an absorption peak (near 1557 cm ⁇ 1 , 1574 cm ⁇ 1 ) of the benzoxazole ring. Next, after heat-treating the polybenzoxazole at 350 ° C. for 1 hour, an infrared absorption spectrum is measured again. The peak intensity around 1554 cm ⁇ 1 before and after heat treatment is compared.
- the infrared absorption spectrum for example, “NICOLET6700FT-IR” (manufactured by Thermo Electron) is used.
- the polysiloxane is not particularly limited, but is preferably a polysiloxane having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group from the viewpoint of alkali solubility.
- Polysiloxane obtained by hydrolyzing and partially condensing an organosilane represented by the following formula (a4) is preferable.
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group-containing group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, or an epoxy ring having 2 to 15 carbon atoms group, or the alkyl group formed by substituting a substituent one or more hydrogen atoms contained in the group (substituents) may be the same or different each when R 1 is more;
- R 2 is A hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms, and when there are a plurality of R 2 s , they may be the same or different; It is an integer from 0 to 3.
- substituents include at least one selected from a halogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, and a (meth) acryloyloxy group.
- the content of the phenyl group contained in the polysiloxane is preferably 20 to 70 mol, more preferably 30 to 55 mol, per 100 mol of Si atoms. It is. Specifically, the content of the phenyl group can be measured by the method described in Examples below.
- Polyolefin is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of alkali solubility, a polyolefin having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group is preferred, and a cyclic group having a protic polar group Olefin polymers are preferred.
- the protic polar group refers to an atomic group in which a hydrogen atom is directly bonded to an atom belonging to Group 15 or Group 16 of the periodic table.
- the atom belonging to Group 15 or 16 of the periodic table is preferably an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or a sulfur atom, and particularly preferably an oxygen atom.
- the cyclic olefin polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of a cyclic olefin having a cyclic structure such as an alicyclic ring or an aromatic ring and a carbon-carbon double bond.
- the cyclic olefin polymer may have a structural unit derived from a monomer other than the cyclic olefin.
- the cyclic olefin polymer having a protic polar group has at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, and a silanol group from the viewpoint of alkali solubility, and includes, for example, the following formula (A6- A polymer having a structural unit represented by 1), particularly a polymer having a structural unit represented by formula (A6-1) and a structural unit represented by formula (A6-2) is preferred.
- R a1 to R a4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or —X n —R a5 (X is a divalent organic group, n is 0 or 1, and R a5 represents An alkyl group, an aromatic group, or the protic polar group, and the alkyl group and the aromatic group each may have a substituent. At least one of R a1 to R a4 is a —X n —R a5 group in which R a5 is a protic polar group.
- m is an integer of 0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1.
- Examples of the divalent organic group in X include an alkylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms such as a methylene group and an ethylene group, and an arylene group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms such as a phenylene group.
- the alkyl group is, for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- the aromatic group is, for example, an aromatic group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
- R b1 is a polar group other than a protic polar group, preferably an acyloxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy group, a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, or n-propoxycarbonyl.
- an acyloxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy group, a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, or n-propoxycarbonyl.
- R b2 is a C 1-18 alkyl group such as a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R b3 and R b4 are hydrogen atoms.
- R b1 to R b4 in any combination, together with the two carbon atoms to which they are bonded, form a 3- to 5-membered heterocyclic structure containing an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom as a ring atom. Also good.
- m is an integer of 0 to 2, preferably 0 or 1.
- the polyolefin can be obtained by a conventionally known method, for example, by polymerizing a monomer that derives the structural unit represented by the formula (A6-1). Furthermore, the polymer obtained by polymerization may be hydrogenated.
- a cardo skeleton is a skeletal structure in which two cyclic structures are bonded to the ring carbon atoms constituting the cyclic structure.
- two aromatic rings eg, benzene rings
- Examples include bonded structures.
- the resin having a cardo skeleton it is preferable to use a resin having at least one group selected from a carboxyl group, a phenolic hydroxyl group and a silanol group from the viewpoint of alkali solubility.
- skeleton structure in which two cyclic structures are bonded to the ring carbon atoms constituting the cyclic structure include a 9,9-bis (phenyl) fluorene skeleton, a 9,9-bis (hydroxyphenyl) fluorene skeleton, 9 , 9-bis (cyanophenyl or aminoalkylphenyl) fluorene skeleton, 9,9-bis (phenyl) fluorene skeleton having an epoxy group, 9,9-bis (phenyl) fluorene skeleton having a (meth) acryl group .
- the resin having a cardo skeleton can be obtained by a conventionally known method, for example, by polymerizing a monomer having a cardo skeleton.
- polyester compounds having a cardo skeleton such as Ogsol CR-TR1, Ogsol CR-TR2, Ogsol CR-TR3, Ogsol CR-TR4, Ogsol CR-TR5, Ogsol CR-TR6 manufactured by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd. It is done.
- Novolak resin is not particularly limited.
- the novolak resin for example, a resin having a phenol novolak structure or a resole novolak structure obtained by reacting a phenol compound and an aldehyde compound can be mentioned.
- the novolak resin a resin that is soluble in 2.38% by weight of tetramethylammonium hydroxide is preferable.
- novolak resins examples include novolak resins having a structural unit represented by the following formula (C1).
- A is a divalent aromatic group having a phenolic hydroxyl group
- R 1 is a methylene group, an alkylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a divalent alicyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms.
- One hydrogen atom of the methylene group may be substituted with a cyclopentadienyl group, an aromatic ring, a group containing an aromatic ring, or a heterocyclic ring having a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or the like. Good.
- examples of the group represented by —R 2 —Ar—R 2 — include a group represented by —CH 2 —Ph—CH 2 — (Ph is a phenylene group).
- Examples of the divalent aromatic group having a phenolic hydroxyl group in A include a benzene ring having a phenolic hydroxyl group and a condensed polycyclic aromatic group having a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the condensed polycyclic aromatic group having a phenolic hydroxyl group is, for example, a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the aromatic ring carbon contained in the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group are substituted with hydroxyl groups. is there.
- Examples of the condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group include a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, and a phenanthrene ring.
- the novolak resin can be obtained by a conventionally known method, for example, using phenol, formaldehyde, and an acid catalyst or a base catalyst. Further, the novolac resin can be obtained by a production method described in Japanese Patent No. 2823057, Japanese Patent No. 3729554, Japanese Patent No. 3794598, Japanese Patent No. 3992181, and the like.
- novolak resin examples thereof include KAYARAD CCR-1291H and CCR-1235 manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., PR-40, PR-45, PR-80, PR-85 manufactured by DIC Corporation, and the like.
- the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that has a crosslinkable functional group and can react with the alkali-soluble polymer to form a crosslinked structure.
- crosslinkable functional group examples include an oxetanyl group; a group having an epoxy group such as a glycidyl ether group, a glycidyl ester group, and a glycidylamino group; an alkoxyalkyl group such as a methoxymethyl group and an ethoxymethyl group; a benzyloxymethyl group; Benzyloxymethyl group; Formyl group; Acetyl group; Dimethylaminomethyl group; Diethylaminomethyl group; Dimethylolaminomethyl group; Diethylolaminomethyl group; Morpholinomethyl group; Vinyl group, vinylidene group, (meth) Examples include ethylenically unsaturated groups such as acryloyl groups.
- an ethylenically unsaturated group, an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group, or an alkoxyalkyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a partition wall having excellent surface hardness and small property change over a long period of time.
- Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated group-containing compound include compounds having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups in the molecule, preferably compounds having two or more (meth) acryloyl groups. Specifically, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4- Butanediol di (meth) acrylate, butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonane Diol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, tris (2
- the epoxy group or oxetanyl group-containing compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains an epoxy group or oxetanyl group in the molecule.
- KBM303, KBM403 both manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Epolite M- 1230 both manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- PP-101 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.
- NK Oligo EA-1010 / ECA Shin Nakamura Chemical
- Examples of the compound having two epoxy groups or oxetanyl groups include Epolite 40E, Epolite 100E, Epolite 200E, Epolite 400E, Epolite 70P, Epolite 200P, Epolite 400P, Epolite 1500NP, Epolite 80MF, Epolite 4000, Epolite 3002 (all Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.), NC6000 (made by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), Denacol EX-212L, Denacol EX-214L, Denacol EX-216L, Denacol EX-850L (all manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) Celoxide 2021P (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), GAN, GOT (all manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.), jER828, jER1002, jER1750, jER1007, YX8100- H30, E1256, E4250,
- Examples of the compound having three epoxy groups or oxetanyl groups include VG3101 (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals), Tepic S, Tepic G, Tepic P (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries), Denacol EX-321L (Nagase Chem) Tex Co., Ltd.).
- Examples of the compound having 4 or more epoxy groups or oxetanyl groups include Epototo YH-434L (manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd.), EPPN502H, NC3000, NC6000 (all manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.) or Epicron N695, HP7200. (Both manufactured by DIC Corporation).
- oxetanyl group-containing compound examples include 4,4-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl] biphenyl, 3,7-bis (3-oxetanyl) -5-oxanonane, 3,3 ′-[1 , 3- (2-Methylenyl) propanediylbis (oxymethylene)] bis (3-ethyloxetane), 1,4-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxymethyl] benzene, 1,2-bis [ (3-Ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxymethyl] ethane, 1,3-bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methoxymethyl] propane, ethylene glycol bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl] ether Dicyclopentenyl bis [(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl) methyl] ether
- the alkoxyalkyl group-containing compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains an alkoxyalkyl group in the molecule.
- an alkoxyalkyl group-containing melamine compound, an alkoxyalkyl group-containing benzoguanamine compound, an alkoxyalkyl group-containing urea compound examples include alkoxyalkyl group-containing phenol compounds.
- the crosslinking agent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is preferably 5 to 100% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the photosensitive composition in that a composition excellent in photosensitivity is obtained and a partition wall having a small change in properties over a long period of time is obtained. 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, and particularly preferably 15 to 60% by mass.
- the photoinitiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that initiates polymerization by irradiating light such as radiation, and a conventionally known compound can be used.
- Such compounds include 2,2′-bis (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4,5,4 ′, 5′-tetraphenyl-1,2′-biimidazole, 2,2′-bis (2 -Chlorophenyl) -4,5,4 ', 5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -4,5,4', 5'- Tetraphenyl-1,2'-biimidazole, 2,2'-bis (2-methylphenyl) -4,5,4 ', 5'-tetraphenyl-1,2'-biimidazole, 2,2'- Diphenyl-4,5,4 ′, 5′-tetraphenyl
- the photoinitiator can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the photoinitiator is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the photosensitive composition, and more preferably 0.8%. 5 to 10% by mass.
- the photosensitive composition further includes organic solvents, antioxidants, thermal polymerization inhibitors, surfactants, adhesion assistants, solubility modifiers, viscosity modifiers, fillers such as inorganic fillers, colorants, and the like.
- organic solvents antioxidants, thermal polymerization inhibitors, surfactants, adhesion assistants, solubility modifiers, viscosity modifiers, fillers such as inorganic fillers, colorants, and the like.
- Other additives can be blended as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Examples of the organic solvent include organic solvents described in JP-A 2006-201670, JP-A 2012-256023, JP-A 2014-013413, and the like.
- Examples of the antioxidant include the antioxidants described in JP 2010-117614 A, JP 2010-184961 A, JP 2013-241554 A, and the like.
- Examples of the surfactant include surfactants described in JP 2010-250109 A, JP 2014-089970 A, JP 2014-048428 A, and the like.
- Examples of the adhesion assistant include adhesion assistants described in JP2012-256023A, JP2013-2425111A, JP2014-080578A, and the like.
- Examples of the inorganic filler include inorganic substances described in JP2007-332255A, JP2008-2242076A, JP2012-198527A, JP2013-216737A, and JP2014-062195A.
- Fillers, Examples of the other additives include compounds described in JP-A Nos. 2006-154434 and 2007-293306.
- the photosensitive composition can be prepared, for example, by mixing an alkali-soluble polymer, a crosslinking agent, a photoinitiator, and other optional components. Moreover, in order to remove dust, after mixing each component uniformly, you may filter the obtained mixture with a filter.
- the method for forming the partition wall is not particularly limited, but a method of forming the partition wall by applying and curing the photosensitive composition is preferable. Such a partition wall forming method may be performed directly on the first electrode layer stack or the second electrode layer stack, or on another support such as a glass support, a metal support or a resin support. After that, the obtained partition wall may be provided on the first electrode layer stack or the second electrode layer stack, but it is preferable that the partition walls be directly formed on the electrode layer stack having the surface layer.
- the method for forming the partition wall is not particularly limited. Specifically, the photosensitive composition is applied onto the first electrode layer stack, the second electrode layer stack, or another support, and dried if necessary. Then, the partition walls can be obtained by irradiating light and curing. In addition, when irradiating the light, light is irradiated (exposed) using a mask having a predetermined pattern, then developed using an alkaline developer, and heated if necessary, for example, a desired shape, for example, A grid-like partition wall can be obtained, and a display element having a plurality of pixel regions in which the accommodation space is partitioned by a plurality of partition walls can be easily formed. Each of these steps can be performed by a conventionally known method, for example, a method described in JP 2012-256023 A.
- the partition wall obtained by the above method is further subjected to a surface treatment such as hydrophilizing the surface, preferably both surfaces, by a conventionally known hydrophilization method, or hydrophobizing by a conventionally known hydrophobization method. May be.
- hydrophilic treatment method examples include a method of modifying the surface of the obtained film by corona discharge treatment, plasma treatment or UV ozone treatment, or an acrylic resin or sulfonate group on the obtained film surface.
- membrane which consists of containing resin etc. by coating or lamination is mentioned.
- the surface of the obtained film is surface-modified by surface treatment with a long-chain alkyl group-containing coupling agent, a fluorine-containing coupling agent or a silicon-containing coupling agent,
- a method of laminating a film made of a long-chain alkyl group-containing resin, a fluorine-containing resin, a silicon-containing resin, or the like on the surface of the obtained film by coating or laminating is mentioned.
- the exposure amount during the treatment is a partition wall having hydrophilicity, light resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance and high hardness. Is preferably from 0.1 to 8 J / cm 2 @ 254 nm, more preferably from 0.5 to 5 J / cm 2 @ 254 nm.
- the stack which consists of transparent materials is preferable.
- the first and second electrode layer stacks usually include a transparent substrate made of glass or resin and a transparent conductive layer made of a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO). When such an electrode layer stack is used, the electrode layer stacks are arranged so that the transparent conductive layer sides face each other.
- the first and second electrode layer stacks further include other known layers such as a flattening film, a passivation film, a reflective film, an insulating film, and a hydrophobic film, and the transparent substrate and the transparent conductive layer. It may be on or between these layers.
- the first and second electrode layer stacks have the layers as described above. Among these layers, at least one of the layers which are present on the surface in contact with the accommodating space and in contact with the partition wall.
- the layer present in the layer stack is the surface layer in the present invention.
- a layer according to the characteristics required for the display element may be used, and a composition for forming the partition may be prepared in consideration of the thermal expansion coefficient of the layer to form the partition.
- a partition wall corresponding to the required characteristics may be used, and a surface layer may be provided on the surface of at least one of the electrode layer stacks in consideration of the thermal expansion coefficient of the partition wall.
- the surface layer is preferably a hydrophobic layer.
- the two surfaces of the first and second electrode layer stacks that are in contact with the accommodation space may be hydrophobic layers.
- the degree of hydrophobicity of each surface is different, and the hydrophobicity of one surface is different. Is preferably higher than the hydrophobicity of the other surface. That is, in the display element of the present invention, when no voltage is applied between the first and second electrode layer stacks, the nonpolar liquid is placed on the surface of one of the first or second electrode layer stacks in contact with the accommodation space. It is preferred that the first and second electrode layer stacks have a hydrophobic layer in which is present.
- the electrode layer stack having the hydrophobic layer may be formed by, for example, forming a coating film by applying a composition containing a hydrophobic material on the surface of a laminate including a transparent substrate and a transparent conductive layer, or from a hydrophobic material. It can obtain by laminating the film which becomes.
- a hydrophobic material include a fluorine-containing material and a silicon-containing material, and among these, a fluorine-containing material is preferable.
- fluorine-containing material examples include, for example, JP 2011-157292 A, JP 2010-121137 A, JP 2003-315308 A, JP 4045253 A, JP 2013-142753 A, and Special Table 2013-522669. And fluoropolymers described in JP-A No. 2014-0666835.
- fluorine-containing material a commercially available product may be used.
- the commercially available product include Cytop (trade name; model number CTL-809M) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd., manufactured by DuPont. Teflon (registered trademark) (trade name; model numbers AF1600 and AF2400) may be used.
- the storage space may include a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid, and may be a space having a size that does not hinder a change in the presence state of the nonpolar liquid due to the presence or absence of an applied voltage, What is necessary is just to select suitably according to a desired use, the magnitude
- the polar liquid is accommodated in the accommodation space.
- the polar liquid is not particularly limited as long as it is immiscible with the nonpolar liquid to be used. However, it is preferably a colorless, transparent and conductive liquid, specifically, water, lithium chloride or chloride. An aqueous solution in which an electrolyte such as potassium or sodium chloride is dissolved can be used.
- As the polar liquid two or more kinds of liquids may be used, but usually one kind of liquid is used.
- the nonpolar liquid is also stored in the storage space.
- the nonpolar liquid is not particularly limited, but is preferably a liquid that has almost no polarity and exhibits electrical insulation.
- Examples of the nonpolar liquid include hydrophobic liquids such as side chain higher alcohols, side chain higher fatty acids, alkane hydrocarbons such as octane and decane, and silicone oil.
- As the nonpolar liquid two or more kinds of liquids may be used, but usually one kind of liquid is used.
- the amount of the nonpolar liquid contained in one pixel region (cell) may be adjusted as appropriate according to the desired application. For example, the entire surface of the electrode layer stack on the display surface side of the display element may be covered. It is preferable that the amount is as much as possible.
- the nonpolar liquid used in the present invention is preferably a colored liquid (colored liquid), and a liquid in which a coloring material such as a dye or pigment that can be dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the hydrophobic liquid is blended with the hydrophobic liquid.
- a coloring material such as a dye or pigment that can be dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the hydrophobic liquid is blended with the hydrophobic liquid.
- the colored liquid may be transparent or opaque.
- Examples of the dye include dyes described in JP2014-010249A and JP2013-228683A, and examples of the pigment include carbon black and pigments described in JP2012-181513A. It is done.
- the coloring material may be appropriately selected and used so that the nonpolar liquid absorbs light of a predetermined wavelength according to a desired application, or one kind may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used. Good.
- the content of the color material is not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted according to a desired application, but may be an amount that can be dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the hydrophobic liquid. Preferably, it is blended in an amount of 0.01 to 30% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the nonpolar liquid.
- nonpolar liquid may contain various additives such as an ultraviolet absorber and an antioxidant as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the electrowetting display of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it includes the display element of the present invention. Since the electrowetting display of the present invention includes the display element of the present invention, it is a display having a long life and excellent display properties.
- the electrowetting display of the present invention a conventionally known layer such as an insulating film, a thin film transistor (TFT), a color filter layer, and a black matrix, which has been used in a conventional electrowetting display, is desired depending on a desired application. It can form by laminating
- the configuration of such an electrowetting display is the same as the configuration described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2013-142753 and 2012-63767 except that the display element of the present invention is used. There may be.
- the electrowetting display of the present invention preferably includes a color filter layer from the viewpoint that a display capable of full color display on the display surface side can be manufactured at a low cost.
- the color filter layer is not particularly limited and is not limited to red, blue, and green, but may be appropriately selected from cyan, magenta, yellow, and the like according to a desired application.
- the color filter layer may be provided at a desired position according to a desired application.
- the display element of the present invention It may be provided on the side where the TFT is laminated, or on the side opposite to the side where the TFT is laminated.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) by the gel permeation column chromatography of the polymer obtained by the following synthesis example was measured based on the following conditions.
- ⁇ Measurement method Gel permeation chromatography method
- Standard material polystyrene
- Device manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, trade name: HLC-8020
- Column Tosoh Co., Ltd. guard column H XL -H, TSK gel G7000H XL , TSK gel GMH XL , TSK gel G2000H XL sequentially connected
- Solvent Tetrahydrofuran Sample concentration: 0.7% by mass ⁇ Injection volume: 70 ⁇ L ⁇ Flow rate: 1mL / min
- Synthesis of Polymer (A1) A reaction vessel was charged with 160 parts of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) and heated to 80 ° C. In the resulting container, 13 parts of methacrylic acid, 46 parts of benzyl methacrylate, 13 parts of styrene, 16 parts of N-phenylmaleimide, 2 parts of n-butyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as monomers 10 parts and a solution prepared by mixing 5 parts of azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile as a polymerization catalyst and 25 parts of PGMEA as a solvent were added dropwise to the reaction vessel over 2 hours.
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- an aqueous phosphoric acid solution in which 0.2% by mass) was dissolved was added over 10 minutes. Thereafter, the flask was immersed in an oil bath at 70 ° C. and stirred for 1 hour, and then the temperature of the oil bath was raised to 115 ° C. over 30 minutes. One hour after the start of the temperature increase, the internal temperature of the flask reached 100 ° C., and the mixture was heated and stirred for 2 hours (the internal temperature of the flask was 100 to 110 ° C.). During the reaction, a total of 115 parts of methanol and water as by-products were distilled off.
- PGME was added to the PGME solution of the obtained polymer (A5) so that the polymer (A5) concentration was 35% by mass to obtain a PGME solution of the polymer (A5).
- Mw of the obtained polymer (A5) was 5000, and phenyl group content with respect to 100 mol of Si atoms was 35 mol.
- the content of the phenyl group in the polymer (A5) was determined by measuring the 29 Si-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum using “JNM-ECS400” (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). And the ratio of the peak area of Si to which no phenyl group is bonded.
- the hydrogenation reaction solution containing the polymer (A6) obtained here had a solid content concentration of 21% by mass, and the yield of the polymer (A6) was 102 parts.
- the obtained hydrogenation reaction solution of the polymer (A6) was concentrated by a rotary evaporator, and the solid content concentration was adjusted to 35% by mass to obtain a solution of the polymer (A6).
- Mw of the obtained polymer (A6) was 4000.
- Preparation Example 7 Preparation of polymer (A7) (cardo resin) CR-TR5 (produced by Osaka Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.), a PGME solution of cardo resin, is a product having a solid content of 52.7% by mass and a solid content acid value of 135 KOHmg / g. 100 parts of CR-TR5 was weighed, and 50.57 parts of PGME was added and stirred there. In this way, a solution of cardo resin (A7) having a solid concentration of 35% by mass was obtained.
- composition 1 100 parts of polymer (A1) solution obtained in Synthesis Example 1 in terms of polymer (A1), 50 parts of crosslinking agent (B2), photoinitiator (C) 5 Part 1, 5 parts of adhesion assistant (D) and 1 part of surfactant (E) were mixed to obtain composition 1 as a solution.
- compositions 2 to 14 were obtained by mixing the components shown in Table 1 below.
- the polymer solution obtained above was used so that the amount of the polymer in the composition became the amount shown in Table 1 below.
- the details of each component in Table 1 are as shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 1 Creation of barrier ribs
- the composition 1 shown in Table 1 was applied on the ITO layer of a glass wafer having a 100 nm thick ITO layer on one side, and heated (prebaked) at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes on a hot plate, (Length in the direction corresponding to the vertical direction in FIG. 1) A coating film of 25 to 35 ⁇ m was formed. The formed coating film was exposed to the amount of ultraviolet rays shown in Table 3 using a stepper (manufactured by Nikon Corporation, model “NSR-2005i10D”) through a patterned mask.
- a stepper manufactured by Nikon Corporation, model “NSR-2005i10D
- the exposed coating film was immersed for 90 seconds in an aqueous solution containing 2.38% by mass of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (development treatment), and then washed with water. Then, heat treatment is performed in an oven at 220 ° C.
- the value of the exposure amount (J / cm 2 @ 254 nm) in the present invention is the light amount when the irradiated ultraviolet ray is converted to 254 nm
- the value of the exposure amount (mJ / cm 2 @ 365 nm) is the irradiated ultraviolet ray. Is the amount of light when converted to 365 nm.
- a substrate having a thickness of 0.7 mm and having a 100 nm thick ITO layer on one side and a 450 ⁇ m thick hydrophobic film (amorphous fluoropolymer “AF1600” manufactured by DuPont) on the substrate is used. Except that the composition 1 shown in Table 1 was applied on the hydrophobic film, the height (length in the direction corresponding to the vertical direction in FIG. 1) 20 ⁇ m, in the same manner as in “3. Partition walls having a line width of 10 ⁇ m and a lattice spacing of 50 ⁇ m were formed.
- a colored oil (a liquid in which 0.1 wt% of Sudan Black B (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was dissolved in octane) was obtained into each of the compartments (cells) surrounded by the formed partition walls.
- substrate with a partition was put in water.
- a glass plate 2 (“20 ⁇ ”, manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd.) having an ITO layer with a thickness of 100 nm on one side is used so that the ITO layer of the glass plate 2 is on the side of the substrate with a partition and is in contact with the partition. Arranged. Thereafter, the contact portion between the partition wall and the ITO layer of the glass plate 2 was sealed with a photocurable epoxy adhesive, thereby producing a display element having 100 or more cells in the center of the substrate.
- Examples 2 to 13 and Comparative Example 1 A partition wall and a display element were formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition shown in Table 3 or 4 was used and ultraviolet irradiation was performed at the exposure amount shown in Table 3 or 4.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the 450 ⁇ m thick hydrophobic film (amorphous fluoropolymer “AF1600” manufactured by DuPont) was “5-2” except that a film made of AF1600 having a film thickness of 20 ⁇ m, a length of 10 mm, and a width of 10 mm was used. .. Evaluation of thermal linear expansion coefficient " The thermal expansion coefficient was 100 ppm / K. The thermal linear expansion coefficient of the 100 nm thick ITO layer was measured using an ITO layer-attached glass substrate (“20 ⁇ ”, manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd.). The thermal expansion coefficient of the ITO layer is the same as in “5-2.
- thermal linear expansion coefficient of the glass substrate with an ITO layer (“20 ⁇ ”) and the glass substrate from which the ITO layer is peeled off from the “20 ⁇ ”. It calculated from the difference in the value of the thermal linear expansion coefficient measured by the method.
- the thermal expansion coefficient was 10 ppm / K.
- the cycle is repeated 100 times, and the voltage application is stopped after the cycle is repeated 100 times, and in all cells, more than 80%
- the operation state of the display element is judged as “good”, and the state where the color display defect occurs in more than 20% to less than half of the cells, When the defect of the color display occurred in more than half of the cells, it was determined that the operating state of the display element was “bad”.
Abstract
Description
通常、この無極性液体は、隔壁によって区画された空間内に封入される。
従って、隔壁によって区画される空間は、無極性液体が他の空間に漏れ出さないような空間であることが求められている。
本発明の構成例は以下の通りである。
前記収容空間には、少なくとも、互いに非混和性の極性液体と無極性液体とが含まれ、
前記第1電極層スタックと第2電極層スタックの少なくとも一方の前記収容空間に接する面には、前記隔壁に接する表面層が存在し、
前記隔壁と表面層との熱線膨張係数の差の絶対値が150ppm/K以下である、表示素子。
[2] 前記隔壁の熱線膨張係数は、0.1~150ppm/Kである、[1]に記載の表示素子。
[5] 前記ネガ型感光性組成物は、アルカリ可溶性重合体、架橋剤および光開始剤を含む、[4]に記載の表示素子。
前記第1電極層スタックと第2電極層スタックの少なくとも一方の前記収容空間に接する面に存在し、かつ、隔壁に接する表面層との熱線膨張係数の差の絶対値が150ppm/K以下である隔壁、
を形成するための、
感光性組成物。
[13] カラーフィルタ層を含む、[12]に記載のエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ。
本発明に係る表示素子は、例えば、図1で表され、第1電極層スタック11と、第2電極層スタック12と、前記第1電極層スタック11および前記第2電極層スタック12間に形成された収容空間16と、前記収容空間16を区画する隔壁13とを備え、
前記収容空間16には、少なくとも、互いに非混和性の極性液体15と無極性液体14とが含まれ、
前記第1電極層スタック11と第2電極層スタック12の少なくとも一方の前記収容空間に接する面には、前記隔壁に接する表面層(図示せず)が存在し、
前記隔壁13と表面層との熱線膨張係数の差の絶対値が150ppm/K以下である。
なお、本発明において、隔壁と電極層スタックとを接着材等を用いて接着させる場合があるが、この場合、前記表面層は、接着材層ではなく、電極層スタックの前記収容空間に接する面に存在する層のことをいう。
このように、本発明の表示素子は、印加される電圧の有無により、無極性液体の存在状態が変化し、着色した無極性液体を用いることで、例えば、着色状態と透明状態とを表すことができる。
なお、本発明の表示素子に印加される電圧は、無極性液体の存在状態を変化させることができる程度の電圧であれば特に制限されない。
前記隔壁は、第1電極層スタックおよび第2電極層スタック間に形成された収容空間を区画する。前記隔壁は、通常、連続して存在する画素領域(セル)において、隣接する画素領域間で、無極性液体の行き来を妨げる役割を果たす壁であれば特に制限されない。
従って、前記隔壁は、図1に示すように、第1電極層スタック11および第2電極層スタック12の両方に接していてもよいが、図1に示すように、無極性液体14が収容空間16の第1電極層スタック11側に存在する場合には、第1スタック11側のみに存在し、第2電極層スタック12に接していなくてもよい。
なお、前記隔壁が、第1電極層スタックや第2電極層スタックと接する場合、第1電極層スタックや第2電極層スタックと一体化していてもよく、第1電極層スタックや第2電極層スタックに接着していてもよい。
隔壁の熱線膨張係数が前記範囲にあると、隔壁と該隔壁に接する層との間に、クラックや剥離が生じにくい表示素子が得られるのみならず、表示素子に印加される電圧の有無により、無極性液体の存在状態をスムーズにかつ長期間安定して変化させることができる。
また、前記隔壁の厚み(第1電極層スタックと第2電極層スタックの間隔方向と略垂直方向の長さ、図1の左右方向の長さ)も、無極性液体の行き来を妨げる役割を果たすことのできる長さであれば特に制限されないが、隔壁の強度等の点から、1~50μmであり、好ましくは5~40μmである。
前記隔壁は、収容空間を複数の隔壁で区画した複数の画素領域を有する表示素子を容易に作成することができる等の点から、感光性組成物から得られる膜であることが好ましい。
また、前記隔壁は、得られる隔壁における熱線膨張係数が前記範囲となるように、成分を調整した組成物から得られる膜であることがより好ましい。このような組成物を用いることで、クラックや剥離が生じにくく、印加される電圧の有無により、無極性液体の存在状態をスムーズにかつ長期間安定して変化させることが可能な表示素子が得られるのみならず、所望の形状の隔壁を容易に形成することができる。
第1電極層スタックと、第2電極層スタックと、前記第1電極層スタックおよび前記第2電極層スタック間に形成された、互いに非混和性の極性液体および無極性液体を含む収容空間、を区画する隔壁であって、
前記第1電極層スタックと第2電極層スタックの少なくとも一方の前記収容空間に接する面に存在し、隔壁に接する表面層との熱線膨張係数の差の絶対値が150ppm/K以下である、好ましくは130ppm/K以下であり、より好ましくは110ppm/K以下であり、特に好ましくは100ppm/K以下である隔壁、
を容易に形成することができるため、該感光性組成物は、このような隔壁形成用組成物として好適に用いることができる。このような感光性組成物としては、アルカリ可溶性重合体、架橋剤および光開始剤を含むネガ型の組成物であることが好ましい。
前記アルカリ可溶性重合体としては、特に制限されない。本発明においてアルカリ可溶性とは、アルカリ溶液、例えば、2.38質量%の水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウム水溶液に溶解可能であることを意味する。
前記アルカリ可溶性重合体は、1種単独で用いても、2種以上、例えば、アルカリ可溶性重合体および非アルカリ可溶性重合体、2種以上アルカリ可溶性重合体等の重合体のブレンド物を用いてもよい。
このようなアルカリ可溶性重合体としては、アクリル樹脂、ポリイミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ポリシロキサン、ポリオレフィン、カルド骨格を有する樹脂、およびノボラック樹脂が好ましい。
アクリル樹脂としては、特に制限されないが、アルカリ可溶性の観点から、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基およびシラノール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの官能基を有するアクリル樹脂が好ましく、モノマーとして、下記化合物(a)と下記化合物(b)とを用いて得られる共重合体(但し、該モノマーにはアクリル化合物が含まれる)であることが、得られる感光性組成物の現像性等の点から好ましい。
化合物(a):カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基およびシラノール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの官能基を有する化合物
化合物(b):化合物(a)以外の化合物
ポリイミドとしては、特に制限されないが、アルカリ可溶性の観点から、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基およびシラノール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの官能基を有するポリイミドが好ましく、該官能基を有し、下記式(A1)で表される構造単位を有する重合体であることが好ましい。
まず、ポリイミドの赤外吸収スペクトルを測定し、ポリイミドに起因するイミド構造の吸収ピーク(1780cm-1付近、1377cm-1付近)の存在を確認する。次に、そのポリイミドについて、350℃で1時間熱処理した後、再度、赤外吸収スペクトルを測定する。熱処理前と熱処理後の1377cm-1付近のピーク強度を比較する。熱処理後のポリイミドのイミド化率を100%として、熱処理前のポリイミドのイミド化率={熱処理前の1377cm-1付近のピーク強度/熱処理後の1377cm-1付近のピーク強度}×100(%)を求める。赤外吸収スペクトルの測定には、例えば、「NICOLET6700FT-IR」(サーモエレクトロン社製)を用いる。
ポリベンゾオキサゾールとしては、特に制限されないが、アルカリ可溶性の観点から、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基およびシラノール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの官能基を有するポリベンゾオキサゾールが好ましく、該官能基を有し、下記式(a5-1)で表される構造単位を有する重合体であることが好ましい。
式(a5-1)中、X1における芳香族環は、置換または無置換のいずれの環であってもよい。置換基としては、例えば、-OH、-COOH、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、脂環式炭化水素基が挙げられる。X1に結合するNとOは、例えば、X1中の芳香族環上の隣り合った炭素原子に結合し、ベンゾオキサゾール環を形成している。X1に芳香族環が2つ以上含まれる場合、複数の芳香族環は、連結多環系および縮合多環系のいずれの構造を形成していてもよい。
X1の総炭素数は、6~24であることが好ましく、6~20であることがより好ましく、6~18であることがさらに好ましい。
なお、Y1に含まれる脂環式環および芳香族環は、置換または無置換のいずれの環であってもよい。置換基としては、例えば、-OH、-COOH、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルコキシカルボニル基、脂環式炭化水素基が挙げられる。Y1に前記環が2つ以上含まれる場合、複数の前記環は、連結多環系および縮合多環系のいずれの構造を形成していてもよい。
Y1の総炭素数は、4~24であることが好ましく、4~15であることがより好ましく、6~12であることがさらに好ましい。
まず、ポリベンゾオキサゾールの赤外吸収スペクトルを測定し、ベンゾオキサゾール環の吸収ピーク(1557cm-1付近、1574cm-1)の存在を確認する。次に、そのポリベンゾオキサゾールについて、350℃で1時間熱処理した後、再度、赤外吸収スペクトルを測定する。熱処理前と熱処理後の1554cm-1付近のピーク強度を比較する。熱処理後のポリベンゾオキサゾールの環化率を100%として、熱処理前のポリベンゾオキサゾールの環化率={熱処理前の1554cm-1付近のピーク強度/熱処理後の1554cm-1付近のピーク強度}×100(%)を求める。赤外吸収スペクトルの測定には、例えば、「NICOLET6700FT-IR」(サーモエレクトロン社製)を用いる。
ポリシロキサンとしては、特に制限されないが、アルカリ可溶性の観点から、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基およびシラノール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの官能基を有するポリシロキサンが好ましく、該官能基を有し、下記式(a4)で表されるオルガノシランを、加水分解および部分縮合させて得られるポリシロキサンが好ましい。
ポリオレフィンとしては、特に制限されないが、アルカリ可溶性の観点から、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基およびシラノール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの官能基を有するポリオレフィンが好ましく、プロトン性極性基を有する環状オレフィン重合体が好ましい。プロトン性極性基とは、周期律表第15族または第16族に属する原子に水素原子が直接結合している原子団をいう。周期律表第15族または第16族に属する原子としては、好ましくは酸素原子、窒素原子または硫黄原子であり、特に好ましくは酸素原子である。
Rb3およびRb4は、水素原子である。
なお、Rb1~Rb4は、任意の組み合わせで、それらが結合している2つの炭素原子と共に、環構成原子として酸素原子または窒素原子を含む、3~5員の複素環構造を形成してもよい。
mは0~2の整数であり、好ましくは0または1である。
カルド骨格を有する樹脂としては特に制限されない。カルド骨格とは、環状構造を構成している環炭素原子に2つの環状構造が結合した骨格構造をいい、例えば、フルオレン環の9位の炭素原子に2つの芳香環(例:ベンゼン環)が結合した構造が挙げられる。
ノボラック樹脂としては特に制限されない。ノボラック樹脂としては、フェノール化合物とアルデヒド化合物とを反応させて得られる、例えば、フェノールノボラック構造や、レゾールノボラック構造を有する樹脂が挙げられる。
前記架橋剤としては、架橋性官能基を有し、前記アルカリ可溶性重合体と反応し、架橋構造を形成できる化合物であれば特に制限されない。
具体的には、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,4-ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ブチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,6-ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、1,9-ノナンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ネオペンチルグリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)イソシアヌレートトリ(メタ)アクリレート、トリス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)イソシアヌレートジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリシクロデカンジメタノールジ(メタ)アクリレート、シクロヘキサンジメタノールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ビスフェノールAアルキレンオキシドジ(メタ)アクリレート、ビスフェノールAのジグリシジルエーテルに(メタ)アクリル酸を付加させた(メタ)アクリレート、ビスフェノールAジ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルエーテル、ビスフェノールAジ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルオキシエチルエーテル、ビスフェノールAジ(メタ)アクリロイルオキシメチルエチルエーテル、ビスフェノールFアルキレンオキシドジ(メタ)アクリレート、ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、テトラメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールトリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールペンタ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリントリ(メタ)アクリレート、エチレンオキシド付加トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、エチレンオキシド付加ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、エチレンオキシド付加ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、エチレンオキシド付加ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレンオキシド付加トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレンオキシド付加ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレンオキシド付加ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、プロピレンオキシド付加ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、ε-カプロラクトン付加トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ε-カプロラクトン付加ジトリメチロールプロパンテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ε-カプロラクトン付加ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ε-カプロラクトン付加ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられる。
前記光開始剤は、放射線等の光を照射することにより、重合を開始させる化合物であれば特に制限されず、従来公知の化合物を用いることができる。
このような化合物としては、2,2’-ビス(2,4-ジクロロフェニル)-4,5,4’,5’-テトラフェニル-1,2’-ビイミダゾール、2,2’-ビス(2-クロロフェニル)-4,5,4’,5’-テトラフェニル-1,2’-ビイミダゾール、2,2’-ビス(2,4-ジメチルフェニル)-4,5,4’,5’-テトラフェニル-1,2’-ビイミダゾール、2,2’-ビス(2-メチルフェニル)-4,5,4’,5’-テトラフェニル-1,2’-ビイミダゾール、2,2’-ジフェニル-4,5,4’,5’-テトラフェニル-1,2’-ビイミダゾール、ジエトキシアセトフェノン、2-(ジメチルアミノ)-2-[(4-メチルフェニル)メチル]-1-[4-(4-モルホリニル)フェニル]-1-ブタノン、2,2-ジメトキシ-1,2-ジフェニルエタン-1-オン、ベンゾイン、ベンゾフェノン、o-ベンゾイル安息香酸メチル、4-フェニルベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン、2-ベンジル-2-ジメチルアミノ-1-(4-モルフォリノフェニル)-ブタノン-1、2-メチル-1-〔4-(メチルチオ)フェニル〕-2-モンフォリノプロパノン-1、エタノン,1-[9-エチル-6-(2-メチルベンゾイル)-9H-カルバゾール-3-イル]-,1-(0-アセチルオキシム)、2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル-ジフェニル-フォスフィンオキサイド、ビス(2,4,6-トリメチルベンゾイル)-フェニルフォスフィンオキサイド、2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-(4-メトキシフェニル)-1,3,5-トリアジン、2,4-ビス(トリクロロメチル)-6-(4-メトキシナフチル)-1,3,5-トリアジンなどが挙げられる。
前記酸化防止剤としては、特開2010-117614号公報、特開2010-184961号公報および特開2013-241554号公報などに記載の酸化防止剤が挙げられ、
前記界面活性剤としては、特開2010-250109号公報、特開2014-089970号公報および特開2014-048428号公報などに記載の界面活性剤が挙げられ、
前記密着助剤としては、特開2012-256023号公報、特開2013-242511号公報および特開2014-080578号公報などに記載の密着助剤が挙げられ、
前記無機フィラーとしては、特開2007-332255号公報、特開2008-242076号公報、特開2012-198527号公報、特開2013-216737号公報および特開2014-062195号公報などに記載の無機フィラーが挙げられ、
前記その他の添加剤としては、特開2006-154434号公報や特開2007-293306号公報などに記載の化合物が挙げられる。
前記感光性組成物は、例えば、アルカリ可溶性重合体、架橋剤および光開始剤と、その他の任意成分とを混合することによって調製することができる。また、ゴミを取り除くために、各成分を均一に混合した後、得られた混合物をフィルター等で濾過してもよい。
前記隔壁の形成方法としては、特に制限されないが、好ましくは、前記感光性組成物を塗布し硬化させることで、隔壁を形成する方法が挙げられる。
このような隔壁の形成方法は、第1電極層スタックまたは第2電極層スタック上で直接行ってもよいし、ガラス支持体、金属支持体または樹脂製支持体等の他の支持体上で行った後、得られた隔壁を第1電極層スタックまたは第2電極層スタック上等に設けてもよいが、前記表面層を有する電極層スタック上で直接行うことが好ましい。
これらの各工程は、従来公知の方法で行うことができ、例えば、特開2012-256023号公報に記載の方法が挙げられる。
第1および第2電極層スタックとしては特に制限されないが、透明材料からなるスタック(積層体)が好ましい。
第1および第2電極層スタックは、通常、ガラスや樹脂製の透明基板と酸化インジウムスズ(ITO)などの透明導電性材料からなる透明導電層とを含む。
このような電極層スタックを用いる場合、その透明導電層側が対向するように各電極層スタックは配置される。
第1および第2電極層スタックは、さらに、他の層、例えば、平坦化膜、パッシベーション膜、反射膜、絶縁膜、疎水性膜などの従来公知の層を、前記透明基板や透明導電層の上またはこれらの層間に有していてもよい。
本発明では、この表面層として、表示素子に求められる特性に応じた層を用い、該層の熱線膨張係数を考慮して、隔壁を形成する組成物を調製し、隔壁を形成してもよいし、求められる特性に応じた隔壁を用い、該隔壁の熱線膨張係数を考慮して、少なくとも一方の電極層スタック表面に表面層を設けてもよい。
つまり、本発明の表示素子は、第1および第2電極層スタック間に電圧を印加しない場合に、第1または第2電極層スタックの一方の、前記収容空間に接する面上に前記無極性液体が存在するような疎水性層を第1および第2電極層スタックが有することが好ましい。
このような疎水性材料としては、含フッ素材料、含珪素材料が挙げられ、これらの中でも、含フッ素材料が好ましい。
前記収容空間としては、極性液体と無極性液体とを含むことができ、印加される電圧の有無による無極性液体の存在状態の変化を妨げることがないような大きさの空間であればよく、所望の用途、表示したい画素領域の大きさ等に応じて適宜選択すればよい。
前記極性液体は、前記収容空間に収容される。極性液体としては、用いられる無極性液体と非混和性であれば特に制限されないが、無色透明、かつ、導電性の液体であることが好ましく、具体的には、水のほか、塩化リチウムや塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム等の電解質を溶解させた水溶液等を用いることができる。
前記極性液体としては、2種類以上の液体を用いてもよいが、通常は、1種類の液体を用いる。
前記無極性液体も、前記収容空間に収容される。無極性液体としては、特に制限されないが、ほとんど極性を有さず、かつ、電気絶縁性を示す液体であることが好ましい。
無極性液体としては、例えば、側鎖高級アルコール、側鎖高級脂肪酸、オクタンやデカン等のアルカン炭化水素、シリコーンオイルなどの疎水性液体が挙げられる。
前記無極性液体としては、2種類以上の液体を用いてもよいが、通常は、1種類の液体を用いる。
本発明のエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイは、前記本発明の表示素子を含めば特に制限されない。
本発明のエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイは、本発明の表示素子を含むため、長寿命で表示性に優れるディスプレイである。
特に、本発明のエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイは、表示面側でフルカラー表示が可能となるディスプレイを低コストで製造できる等の点から、カラーフィルタ層を含むことが好ましい。
また、カラーフィルタ層は、所望の用途に応じ、所望の位置に設ければよく、例えば、本発明のエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイが、カラーフィルタ層とTFTとを有する場合、前記本発明の表示素子のTFTが積層される側に設けてもよく、TFTが積層される側とは反対側に設けてもよい。
・測定方法:ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー法
・標準物質:ポリスチレン
・装置 :東ソー(株)製、商品名:HLC-8020
・カラム :東ソー(株)製ガードカラムHXL-H、TSK gel G7000HXL、TSK gel GMHXL 2本、TSK gel G2000HXLを順次連結したもの
・溶媒 :テトラヒドロフラン
・サンプル濃度:0.7質量%
・注入量 :70μL
・流速 :1mL/min
[合成例1] 重合体(A1)の合成
反応容器に、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)を160部仕込み、80℃まで昇温した。得られた容器に、単量体としてメタクリル酸を13部、ベンジルメタクリレートを46部、スチレンを13部、N-フェニルマレイミドを16部、n-ブチルメタクリレートを2部、および2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートを10部と、重合触媒としてアゾビス-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリルを5部および溶剤としてPGMEAを25部混合した溶液とを各々2時間かけて反応容器に滴下した。滴下後80℃で2時間加熱し、100℃で1時間加熱した。加熱後の混合溶液を23℃に冷却して、重合体(A1)を含む固形分濃度が35質量%のPGMEA溶液を得た。得られた重合体(A1)のMwは12000であった。
[合成例2]
重合体(A2)の合成
反応容器に、PGMEAを90部仕込み、80℃まで昇温した。得られた容器に、単量体としてメタクリル酸を20部、ベンジルメタクリレートを40部、2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートを10部および溶剤としてPGMEAを15部混合した溶液と、重合触媒としてアゾビス-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリルを6部および溶剤としてPGMEAを25部混合した溶液とを各々2時間かけて反応容器に滴下した。滴下後80℃で2時間加熱し、次いで、100℃で1時間加熱した。加熱後の混合溶液を23℃に冷却後に、グリシジルメタクリレートを30部およびテトラn-ブチルアンモニウムクロライドを1部添加し、80℃で12時間加熱した。加熱後の混合溶液を23℃に冷却して、重合体(A2)を含む固形分濃度が35質量%のPGMEA溶液を得た。得られた重合体(A2)のMwは20000であった。
3つ口フラスコに重合溶剤としてγ-ブチロラクトン(γ-BL)390gを加えた後、ジアミン化合物として2,2’-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン120gを重合溶剤中に加えた。ジアミン化合物を重合溶剤に溶解させた後、酸二無水物として4,4’-オキシジフタル酸二無水物71gを加えた。その後、60℃で1時間反応させた後、末端封止剤としての無水マレイン酸19gを加えた。60℃で更に1時間反応させた後、昇温して180℃で4時間反応させることで、重合体(A3)を含む固形分濃度が35質量%のγ-BL溶液を約600g得た。得られた重合体(A3)のMwは8000であった。
ジフェニルエーテル-4,4’-ジカルボン酸1モルと1-ヒドロキシベンゾトリアゾール2モルとを反応させて得られたジカルボン酸誘導体443.2g(0.90モル)と、ヘキサフルオロ-2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロパン366.3部(1.00モル)とを、温度計、攪拌機、原料投入口および乾燥窒素ガス導入管を備えた4つ口のセパラブルフラスコに入れ、そこにN-メチル-2-ピロリドン3000部を加えて溶解させた。その後オイルバスを用いて75℃にて16時間反応させた。16時間反応後、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン100部に溶解させた5-ノルボルネン-2,3-ジカルボン酸無水物32.8部(0.20モル)を加え、更に3時間攪拌し反応を終了した。反応混合物をろ過した後、ろ物を水/イソプロパノール=3/1(質量比)の溶液に投入することで生じた沈殿物を濾集し、水で充分洗浄した後、真空下で乾燥することで、ポリベンゾオキサゾール前駆体(重合体(A4))を得た。重合体(A4)濃度が35質量%となるようにγ-BLを加えて、重合体(A4)のγ-BL溶液を得た。得られた重合体(A4)のMwは15000であった。
500mLの三つ口フラスコに、メチルトリメトキシシランを63.39部(0.55mol)、フェニルトリメトキシシランを69.41部(0.35mol)、2-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシランを24.64部(0.1mol)およびプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)を150.36部仕込み、室温で攪拌しながら、水55.8部にリン酸0.338部(仕込みモノマーに対して0.2質量%)を溶かしたリン酸水溶液を10分かけて添加した。その後、フラスコを70℃のオイルバスに浸けて1時間攪拌した後、オイルバスを30分かけて115℃まで昇温した。昇温開始1時間後にフラスコの内温が100℃に到達し、そこから2時間加熱攪拌した(フラスコの内温は100~110℃)。反応中に副生成物であるメタノールおよび水が合計115部留出した。得られた重合体(A5)のPGME溶液に、重合体(A5)濃度が35質量%となるようにPGMEを加えて、重合体(A5)のPGME溶液を得た。得られた重合体(A5)のMwは5000であり、Si原子100モルに対するフェニル基含有量は35モルであった。
窒素置換した1000mLオートクレーブに、8-カルボキシテトラシクロ[4.4.0.12,5.17,10]ドデカ-3-エン60部、N-フェニル-(5-ノルボルネン-2,3-ジカルボキシイミド)40部、1,5-ヘキサジエン2.8部、(1,3-ジメシチルイミダゾリジン-2-イリデン)(トリシクロヘキシルホスフィン)ベンジリデンルテニウムジクロリド0.05部およびPGMEA400部を仕込み、撹拌下に80℃で2時間重合反応を行って、重合体(A6’)を含有する重合体溶液を得た。
カルド樹脂のPGME溶液であるCR-TR5(大阪ガスケミカル(株)製)は、固形分52.7質量%、固形分酸価135KOHmg/gの製品である。CR-TR5を100部計量し、そこにPGMEを50.57部添加攪拌した。このようにして固形分濃度が35質量%のカルド樹脂(A7)の溶液を得た。
温度計、冷却管、分留管および撹拌器を取り付けたフラスコに、フェノール94.1g(1.0モル)、メチルイソブチルケトン400g、水96gおよび92質量%パラホルムアルデヒド32.6g(ホルムアルデヒド換算で1.0モル)を仕込んだ。そこに、攪拌しながらパラトルエンスルホン酸3.4gを加えた。その後、100℃で8時間反応させた。反応終了後に純水200gを加え、系内の溶液を分液ロートに移して水層を分離除去した。次いで、有機層を洗浄水が中性を示すまで水洗後、有機層から溶媒を加熱減圧下に除去し、ノボラック樹脂(重合体(A8))を140g得た。得られた重合体(A8)のMwは2000であった。得られた重合体(A8)とPGMEAとを用いて固形分濃度35質量%の重合体(A8)の溶液を得た。
前記合成例1で得られた重合体(A1)の溶液を重合体(A1)換算で100部、架橋剤(B2)50部、光開始剤(C)5部、密着助剤(D)5部および界面活性剤(E)1部を混合することで、溶液である組成物1を得た。
同様に下記表1に示す組成で、各成分を混合することにより、組成物2~14を得た。組成物2~14でも、該組成物中の重合体の量が下記表1の量となるように前記で得られた重合体溶液を用いた。なお、表1中の各成分の詳細は下記表2のとおりである。
3.隔壁の作成
片面に100nm厚のITO層を備えたガラスウエハのITO層上に、表1に示す組成物1を塗布し、ホットプレートにて110℃で5分間加熱処理(プレベーク)し、高さ(図1の上下方向に相当する方向の長さ)25~35μmの塗膜を形成した。形成した塗膜に、パターン化マスクを介して、ステッパー((株)ニコン製、型式「NSR-2005i10D」)を用い、表3に示す紫外線量を露光させた。露光後の塗膜を、水酸化テトラメチルアンモニウムを2.38質量%含有する水溶液に90秒間浸漬し(現像処理)、次いで、水洗処理を行った。その後、オーブンにて220℃で1時間加熱処理し、その表面を卓上型光表面処理装置(製品名PL16-110、セン特殊光源(株)製)を用いて低圧水銀灯によるUVオゾン処理(露光量:3J/cm2@254nm)を行うことで、線幅10μm、格子間隔50μm、高さ(図1の上下方向に相当する方向の長さ)20μmの隔壁(格子状パターン化塗膜)を作成した。得られた隔壁(格子状パターン化塗膜)の平面図を図2に示す。
なお、本発明における露光量の値(J/cm2@254nm)は、照射する紫外線を254nm換算した時の光線量であり、露光量の値(mJ/cm2@365nm)は、照射する紫外線を365nm換算した時の光線量である。
基板として片面に100nm厚のITO層およびその上に450μm厚の疎水性膜(アモルファスフッ素ポリマー「AF1600」 DuPont社製)を備える厚さ0.7mm厚のガラス板を用い、該基板の疎水性膜上に表1に示す組成物1を塗布した以外は、前記「3.隔壁の作成」と同様にして、高さ(図1の上下方向に相当する方向の長さ)20μm、線幅10μm、格子間隔50μmの隔壁を形成した。形成した隔壁によって囲まれた区画(セル)それぞれに、着色オイル(オクタン中にズダンブラックB(和光純薬工業(株)製)を0.1wt%溶解させた液体)を注入し、得られた隔壁付基板を水中に入れた。その後、片面に100nm厚のITO層を備えたガラス板2(「20Ω」、日本板硝子(株)製)を用い、該ガラス板2のITO層が隔壁付基板側となり、かつ、隔壁に接するように配置した。その後、隔壁とガラス板2のITO層との接触部を光硬化性エポキシ接着剤で封止することで、基板中央部に100個以上のセルを有する表示素子を作成した。
表3または4に示す組成物を用い、表3または4に示す露光量にて紫外線照射を行った以外は、実施例1と同様にして、それぞれ、隔壁および表示素子を形成した。
実施例および比較例で得られた隔壁および表示素子を、以下の方法で評価した。結果を表3または4に示す。
前記実施例および比較例で得られた隔壁の断面形状を電子顕微鏡にて観察し、隔壁の高さ(図1の上下方向に相当する方向の長さ)、ITO層に接する隔壁の幅(底幅)、隔壁のITO層に接する側とは反対側における隔壁の幅(頂上幅)をSEM((株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ製、形式「S-4200」)で測定した。
なお、隔壁の高さは、任意の5箇所を測定し、その平均値を高さとして表3または4に示し、測定した5箇所の測定結果の標準偏差σを用いて下記式から隔壁の高さ面内均一性を評価した。
高さ面内均一性(3σ)=3×σ
前記実施例および比較例で得られた隔壁について、TMA(Thermal Mechanical Analysis)SS6100装置(セイコーインスツルメント社製)を用い、膜厚20μm、縦10mm、横10mmのフィルム片を直立に固定し、プローブにより、1g重の荷重をかけた。フィルムの熱履歴を除去するため、室温から200℃まで5℃/minで一旦昇温した後、冷却し、再度、室温から5℃/minで昇温し、得られた結果と温度との関係を示すグラフを作成した。このグラフの50~150℃間の傾きから熱線膨張係数を求めた。
熱線膨張係数の差について、下記計算式によって評価した。
熱線膨張係数の差=(前記実施例および比較例で得られた隔壁の熱線膨張係数)-(表面層の熱線膨張係数)
また、前記100nm厚のITO層の熱線膨張係数は、ITO層付ガラス基板(「20Ω」、日本板硝子(株)製)を用いて測定した。なお、該ITO層の熱線膨張係数は、ITO層付ガラス基板(「20Ω」)および該「20Ω」からITO層を剥離したガラス基板の、前記「5-2.熱線膨張係数の評価」と同様の方法で測定した熱線膨張係数の値の差から算出した。熱線膨張係数は10ppm/Kであった。
実施例および比較例で得られた表示素子をヒートサイクル装置(TSA-40L、タバイエスペック社製)を用い、降温速度2℃/minで-40℃まで冷却し、-40℃で10分間保持し、その後、昇温速度2℃/minで100℃まで加熱し、100℃で10分間保持する工程を1サイクルとし、このサイクルを100回繰り返した後で隔壁とそれに接する表面層(疎水性膜またはITO層)部分を顕微鏡観察した。隔壁と表面層との間にクラックまたは剥がれが生じた場合には、クラックありと評価し、これらのいずれも生じなかった場合をクラックなしと評価した。
実施例および比較例で得られた表示素子の、隔壁、着色オイルおよび水を挟む一対のITO層間に10V/10μm間隔の直流電圧を印加した。実施例で得られた表示素子は、基板中央部の100個のセルについて、電圧の印加により、着色オイルが収縮し(半球状へ変化し)背面が透過し、電圧印加を停止した場合、すべてのセルにおいて着色表示に戻った。
実施例1~13で得られた表示素子は前記サイクルを100回繰り返した後も半数以上のセルに着色表示の欠損が生じないことを確認した。特に実施例3~13で得られた表示素子は、前記サイクルを100回繰り返した後も8割を超えるセルに着色表示の欠損が生じなかった。つまり、実施例で得られた表示素子は、着色オイル(無極性液体)の存在状態をスムーズにかつ長期間安定して変化させることが可能であることが分かった。
また、得られる隔壁の熱線膨張係数が前記範囲になるような組成物を用いると、例えば、高さ面内均一性に優れる隔壁を容易に得ることができたため、所望の形状の隔壁を容易に形成できることが分かった。
11:第1電極層スタック
12:第2電極層スタック
13:隔壁
14:無極性液体
15:極性液体
16:収容空間(画素領域(セル))
20:ITO層上に形成された隔壁
21:隔壁
22:ITO層
23:セル
Claims (13)
- 第1電極層スタックと、第2電極層スタックと、前記第1電極層スタックおよび前記第2電極層スタック間に形成された収容空間と、前記収容空間を区画する隔壁とを備え、
前記収容空間には、少なくとも、互いに非混和性の極性液体と無極性液体とが含まれ、
前記第1電極層スタックと第2電極層スタックの少なくとも一方の前記収容空間に接する面には、前記隔壁に接する表面層が存在し、
前記隔壁と表面層との熱線膨張係数の差の絶対値が150ppm/K以下である、表示素子。 - 前記隔壁の熱線膨張係数は、0.1~150ppm/Kである、請求項1に記載の表示素子。
- 前記隔壁は、感光性組成物から得られる膜である、請求項1または2に記載の表示素子。
- 前記隔壁は、ネガ型感光性組成物から得られる膜である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の表示素子。
- 前記ネガ型感光性組成物は、アルカリ可溶性重合体、架橋剤および光開始剤を含む、請求項4に記載の表示素子。
- 前記架橋剤は、エチレン性不飽和基含有化合物、エポキシ基またはオキセタニル基含有化合物およびアルコキシアルキル基含有化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物である、請求項5に記載の表示素子。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性重合体は、カルボキシル基、フェノール性水酸基およびシラノール基からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの官能基を有する化合物である、請求項5または6に記載の表示素子。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性重合体が、アクリル樹脂、ポリイミド、ポリベンゾオキサゾール、ポリシロキサン、ポリオレフィン、カルド骨格を有する樹脂、およびノボラック樹脂からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体である、請求項5~7のいずれか1項に記載の表示素子。
- 前記アルカリ可溶性重合体の重量平均分子量が1000~100000である、請求項5~8のいずれか1項に記載の表示素子。
- 第1電極層スタックと、第2電極層スタックと、前記第1電極層スタックおよび前記第2電極層スタック間に形成された、互いに非混和性の極性液体および無極性液体を含む収容空間、を区画する隔壁であって、
前記第1電極層スタックと第2電極層スタックの少なくとも一方の前記収容空間に接する面に存在し、かつ、隔壁に接する表面層との熱線膨張係数の差の絶対値が150ppm/K以下である隔壁、
を形成するための、
感光性組成物。 - アルカリ可溶性重合体、架橋剤および光開始剤を含むネガ型の組成物である、請求項10に記載の感光性組成物。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の表示素子を含む、エレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ。
- カラーフィルタ層を含む、請求項12に記載のエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015520444A JPWO2016017191A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-01-08 | 表示素子、感光性組成物およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ |
CN201580000404.3A CN105474086A (zh) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-01-08 | 显示元件、感光性组合物以及电润湿显示器 |
US14/892,759 US9753274B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-01-08 | Display element, photosensitive composition and electrowetting display |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014-156908 | 2014-07-31 | ||
JP2014156908 | 2014-07-31 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016017191A1 true WO2016017191A1 (ja) | 2016-02-04 |
Family
ID=55217098
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/050378 WO2016017191A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-01-08 | 表示素子、感光性組成物およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9753274B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2016017191A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105474086A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016017191A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102553742B1 (ko) * | 2016-01-15 | 2023-07-07 | 도레이 카부시키가이샤 | 경화막 및 그 제조방법 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05119325A (ja) * | 1991-10-24 | 1993-05-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶パネル |
JP2004513473A (ja) * | 2000-07-31 | 2004-04-30 | キャンデセント・インテレクチュアル・プロパティ・サービシーズ・インコーポレイテッド | フラットパネルデバイスのシーリング方法 |
JP2005049723A (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
JP2007293306A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-11-08 | Jsr Corp | ネガ型感放射線性樹脂組成物 |
JP2013519121A (ja) * | 2010-02-02 | 2013-05-23 | ピクストロニックス・インコーポレーテッド | 低温封孔流体充填ディスプレイ装置を製造するための方法 |
Family Cites Families (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH03287232A (ja) * | 1990-04-03 | 1991-12-17 | Nec Corp | 液晶表示パネルの製造方法 |
JP2823057B2 (ja) | 1990-12-20 | 1998-11-11 | 日本化薬株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂の製造方法 |
JP3099506B2 (ja) * | 1992-03-03 | 2000-10-16 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 液晶封止体及びそれを用いた液晶ディスプレイ |
JP3729554B2 (ja) | 1995-03-23 | 2005-12-21 | 日本化薬株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂の製造方法 |
JP3794598B2 (ja) | 1997-06-23 | 2006-07-05 | 日本化薬株式会社 | エポキシ化合物成型体の製造方法 |
JP3992181B2 (ja) | 2002-03-22 | 2007-10-17 | 日本化薬株式会社 | エポキシ樹脂の製造方法 |
JP2003315308A (ja) | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-06 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | 電気泳動装置及びその製造方法並びにその使用方法 |
US8363299B2 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2013-01-29 | E Ink Corporation | Electro-optic displays, and processes for the production thereof |
EP1715373A4 (en) | 2004-02-10 | 2007-10-03 | Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd | COLUMN SPACING ELEMENT, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY ELEMENT AND CURABLE RESIN COMPOSITION FOR A COLUMN DISPENSER |
JP4045253B2 (ja) | 2004-03-25 | 2008-02-13 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | キャピラリー及び電気泳動装置 |
JP2006154434A (ja) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-15 | Jsr Corp | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性樹脂膜およびこれらを用いたバンプ形成方法 |
JP2006201670A (ja) | 2005-01-24 | 2006-08-03 | Hitachi Chemical Dupont Microsystems Ltd | 感光性重合体組成物、パターン製造方法及び電子部品 |
KR20070098654A (ko) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-05 | 제이에스알 가부시끼가이샤 | 네가티브형 감방사선성 수지 조성물 |
JP5121169B2 (ja) | 2006-06-14 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 無機含有粒子の有機溶媒分散体及びその分散体に用いられる無機含有粒子 |
JP2008040015A (ja) * | 2006-08-03 | 2008-02-21 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 液晶表示素子用シール剤組成物 |
JP2008051881A (ja) * | 2006-08-22 | 2008-03-06 | Brother Ind Ltd | 電気泳動表示媒体、電気泳動表示媒体の製造方法及び、電気泳動表示装置 |
JP2008242076A (ja) | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-09 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 帯電防止性ハードコート組成物および光学物品 |
JP5826231B2 (ja) | 2007-09-21 | 2015-12-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感光性組成物、該感光性組成物を用いたパターン形成方法及び感光性膜 |
JP5449675B2 (ja) | 2007-09-21 | 2014-03-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感光性組成物、該感光性組成物を用いたパターン形成方法及び該感光性組成物に用いられる化合物 |
JP2009134197A (ja) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-18 | Seiko Epson Corp | 接合膜付きカラーフィルター、被着体とカラーフィルターとの接合方法および画像表示装置 |
JP2010107908A (ja) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-13 | Sony Corp | エレクトロウェッティング装置、可変焦点レンズ、光ピックアップ装置、光記録再生装置、液滴操作装置、光学素子、ズームレンズ、撮像装置、光変調装置、表示装置、ストロボ装置及びエレクトロウェッティング装置の駆動方法 |
JP2010117614A (ja) | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-27 | Toray Ind Inc | 感光性組成物及びそれを用いた感光性グリーンシートならびにセラミックス多層基板 |
JPWO2010055888A1 (ja) * | 2008-11-14 | 2012-04-12 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 封着材料層付きガラス部材の製造方法と電子デバイスの製造方法 |
US8389593B2 (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2013-03-05 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Composition for simultaneously forming two isolated column spacer patterns |
JP5219280B2 (ja) | 2009-02-10 | 2013-06-26 | 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 | 感光性組成物、コーティング剤、及び塗膜、並びに感光性組成物の製造方法 |
JP2010250109A (ja) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-11-04 | Fujifilm Corp | ポジ型感光性組成物、並びに透明導電膜、表示素子及び集積型太陽電池 |
JP5175831B2 (ja) | 2009-12-24 | 2013-04-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | フルオロ脂肪族基含有ポリマーを含むフィルム、偏光板、及びディスプレイ装置 |
JP5481220B2 (ja) | 2010-01-29 | 2014-04-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 含フッ素エステル化合物の製造方法、及び多官能含フッ素エステル化合物 |
GB201004244D0 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2010-04-28 | Liquavista Bv | Electrowetting display device |
US8059328B1 (en) | 2010-09-20 | 2011-11-15 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Electrowetting display devices |
US9274331B2 (en) | 2010-10-29 | 2016-03-01 | Miortech Holding B.V. | Electrowetting optical element |
JP2012181513A (ja) | 2011-02-10 | 2012-09-20 | Daikin Ind Ltd | エレクトロウエッティング用疎水性誘電体フィルム |
JP5211307B2 (ja) | 2011-03-04 | 2013-06-12 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 感光性組成物 |
JP2012256023A (ja) | 2011-05-18 | 2012-12-27 | Jsr Corp | 感光性組成物、硬化膜および電子部品 |
JP2013014801A (ja) | 2011-07-01 | 2013-01-24 | Nsk Ltd | 軸受部品への硬質膜形成方法、転がり軸受 |
JP5895757B2 (ja) | 2011-08-23 | 2016-03-30 | Jsr株式会社 | 感光性組成物、成形物の製造方法、成形物および半導体装置 |
KR101928434B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-30 | 2018-12-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전기 습윤 소자 및 그 제조 방법 |
JP5603908B2 (ja) | 2011-09-26 | 2014-10-08 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感光性樹脂組成物、硬化膜の形成方法、硬化膜、有機el表示装置、及び、液晶表示装置 |
WO2013058119A1 (ja) | 2011-10-18 | 2013-04-25 | Jsr株式会社 | 保護膜及びそれを作製するための組成物、スラリー、並びに蓄電デバイス |
JP2013092701A (ja) | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Lg Display Co Ltd | エレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ |
JP2013142753A (ja) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-22 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | エレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ |
CN104066788B (zh) * | 2012-01-18 | 2016-11-16 | 三井化学株式会社 | 组合物、含有组合物的显示器件端面密封剂、显示器件及其制造方法 |
TWI442088B (zh) * | 2012-02-24 | 2014-06-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | 電濕潤顯示元件 |
JP5806249B2 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2015-11-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学素子及び画像表示装置 |
JP5873376B2 (ja) | 2012-04-05 | 2016-03-01 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 重合性組成物 |
JP5587365B2 (ja) | 2012-06-28 | 2014-09-10 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | エレクトロウェッティング表示装置及びエレクトロウェッティング表示用染料組成物 |
KR101948316B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-25 | 2019-04-25 | 리쿠아비스타 비.브이. | 전기습윤 표시 장치 및 이의 제조 방법 |
JP2014048428A (ja) | 2012-08-30 | 2014-03-17 | Jsr Corp | 感放射線性組成物、表示素子用硬化膜の形成方法、表示素子用硬化膜及び表示素子 |
JP2014062195A (ja) | 2012-09-21 | 2014-04-10 | Ksm Kk | 光硬化性組成物、及び、光硬化性組成物の製造方法 |
JP2014066835A (ja) | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-17 | Fujifilm Corp | エレクトロウェッティング表示装置の製造方法 |
JP2014080578A (ja) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-05-08 | Fujifilm Corp | 着色組成物、感光性着色組成物、カラーフィルタ、カラーフィルタの製造方法、固体撮像素子、及び画像表示装置 |
-
2015
- 2015-01-08 WO PCT/JP2015/050378 patent/WO2016017191A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2015-01-08 US US14/892,759 patent/US9753274B2/en active Active
- 2015-01-08 JP JP2015520444A patent/JPWO2016017191A1/ja active Pending
- 2015-01-08 CN CN201580000404.3A patent/CN105474086A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05119325A (ja) * | 1991-10-24 | 1993-05-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶パネル |
JP2004513473A (ja) * | 2000-07-31 | 2004-04-30 | キャンデセント・インテレクチュアル・プロパティ・サービシーズ・インコーポレイテッド | フラットパネルデバイスのシーリング方法 |
JP2005049723A (ja) * | 2003-07-31 | 2005-02-24 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
JP2007293306A (ja) * | 2006-03-30 | 2007-11-08 | Jsr Corp | ネガ型感放射線性樹脂組成物 |
JP2013519121A (ja) * | 2010-02-02 | 2013-05-23 | ピクストロニックス・インコーポレーテッド | 低温封孔流体充填ディスプレイ装置を製造するための方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20160178893A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
US9753274B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
JPWO2016017191A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
CN105474086A (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5811299B1 (ja) | 感光性組成物 | |
JP5811298B1 (ja) | 隔壁の製造方法 | |
TW201214031A (en) | Color filter for low temperature applications | |
US20160299376A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device, radiation-sensitive resin composition, interlayer insulating film, method for producing interlayer insulating film, and method for manufacturing liquid crystal display device | |
CN107272341B (zh) | 遮光膜用感光性树脂组合物、显示器用基板及其制造方法 | |
KR20140076607A (ko) | 수지 조성물, 도막, 및 터치패널용 절연막 | |
JP2017049369A (ja) | 感光性組成物、硬化膜の製造方法、液晶表示装置の製造方法、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置の製造方法、およびタッチパネルの製造方法 | |
JP2016151753A (ja) | 感光性組成物、硬化膜の製造方法、硬化膜、液晶表示装置、有機el表示装置、タッチパネル及びタッチパネル表示装置 | |
TW201821481A (zh) | 感光性樹脂組成物、感光性薄片、硬化膜、元件、有機el顯示裝置、半導體電子零件、半導體裝置及有機el顯示裝置之製造方法 | |
US20210109443A1 (en) | Photosensitive polyimide resin composition and polyimide film thereof | |
CN110573963B (zh) | 感光性树脂组合物 | |
WO2013054868A1 (ja) | 樹脂組成物、塗膜、及びタッチパネル用絶縁膜 | |
TWI421268B (zh) | A method for forming a hardening resin composition, a protective film and a protective film | |
WO2016017191A1 (ja) | 表示素子、感光性組成物およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ | |
JP5800115B1 (ja) | 表示素子、感光性組成物およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ | |
JP5839138B1 (ja) | 隔壁の製造方法、表示素子およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ | |
JP2016197214A (ja) | 表示素子、感光性組成物およびエレクトロウェッティングディスプレイ | |
TW201037006A (en) | Thermosetting resin composition for forming protective film, protective film and method for forming protective film | |
WO2019146436A1 (ja) | 感光性樹脂組成物及びレンズ | |
JP2016153836A (ja) | 感光性組成物、硬化膜の製造方法、硬化膜、タッチパネル、タッチパネル表示装置、液晶表示装置、及び、有機el表示装置 | |
JP2010174082A (ja) | 保護膜形成用樹脂組成物およびカラーフィルタの保護膜 | |
KR20140116669A (ko) | 알칼리 가용성 수지 및 감광성 수지 조성물 | |
TW202202531A (zh) | 黑色抗蝕劑用感光性樹脂組成物、其製造方法、遮光膜、彩色濾光片、觸控面板及顯示裝置 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201580000404.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015520444 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14892759 Country of ref document: US |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15827506 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 15827506 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |