WO2004048435A1 - プリプレグ用エポキシ樹脂、プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材料およびこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
プリプレグ用エポキシ樹脂、プリプレグ、繊維強化複合材料およびこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004048435A1 WO2004048435A1 PCT/JP2003/015276 JP0315276W WO2004048435A1 WO 2004048435 A1 WO2004048435 A1 WO 2004048435A1 JP 0315276 W JP0315276 W JP 0315276W WO 2004048435 A1 WO2004048435 A1 WO 2004048435A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/504—Amines containing an atom other than nitrogen belonging to the amine group, carbon and hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/243—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/244—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using glass fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
- Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
- Y10T428/24405—Polymer or resin [e.g., natural or synthetic rubber, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
- Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
- Y10T428/249942—Fibers are aligned substantially parallel
- Y10T428/249945—Carbon or carbonaceous fiber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2971—Impregnation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an epoxy resin composition, a thermosetting resin composition, a pre-preda, a fiber-reinforced composite material, and a method for producing these.
- the epoxy resin of the present application is an epoxy resin composition which can be suitably used particularly for a pre-preparer, and can be cured at a relatively low temperature in a short time. Therefore, using this, it is possible to obtain an excellent pre-predder which has excellent mechanical properties and can be stored at room temperature for a long period of time.
- the thermosetting resin composition of the present invention is suitable for high-speed molding, and can exhibit high mechanical properties to a molded fiber-reinforced composite material (hereinafter sometimes referred to as FRP in the present specification). It is possible.
- the rice composition it is possible to obtain excellent pre-preda and fiber-reinforced composite material molded products.
- the excellent pre-predder provided by the present invention can be suitably used for obtaining a plate material of a fiber-reinforced composite material that can be used as an outer plate of a transportation device or an industrial machine.
- the present invention provides a method for easily producing FRP having high strength and excellent design, particularly a method for producing the FRP in a short time using a compression molding method.
- One method of manufacturing FRP is to use a pre-predator, an intermediate material in which a reinforcing material made of long fibers such as reinforcing fibers is impregnated with a luster.
- the content of strong Eich fibers in the pre-predder is controlled. It is suitable because it can be easily designed and its content can be designed higher.
- the pre-preda is laminated, molded into the desired shape, and then heated and cured.When cured, it is about 2 to 6 hours at a temperature of about 160 ° C or more before curing. It took some time. That is, high-temperature and long-time processing was required. On the other hand, in order to enable mass production of products, it is required that molding can be performed at a relatively low temperature of about 100 to 130 ° C in a few minutes to several tens of minutes.
- One way to achieve this task is to use an epoxy resin composition that initiates the curing reaction with a small amount of thermal energy, and to shorten the time required to complete the curing of the epoxy resin composition. To do that.
- Prepreda which is made by impregnating matrix resin such as epoxy resin composition into reinforced fiber and widely used as an intermediate material of fiber reinforced composite material, can be used in various fields. In such a case, it is particularly required to have excellent moldability.
- a normal pre-predator requires heat curing for about 1 hour.As mentioned earlier, depending on the conditions including the time for heating and cooling, depending on the conditions, it takes 2 to 3 hours for one molding. It takes about 6 hours. This is a very long time, which is one of the causes of increased molding costs.
- thermosetting resin compositions that provide superior properties to prepredders is straddling.
- FRP plates have excellent corrosion resistance, and are being used as outer panels for transportation equipment such as automobiles and various industrial machines.
- FRP board material called SMC is widely used for the outer skin of automobile bonnet fenders.
- SMC (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-286008) is a slurry-like intermediate base material in which reinforcing fibers of short fibers such as carbon fibers and glass fibers and polyester resin are mixed. Heat it and press it in the mold with high pressure (typically 50 kg / cm 2 or more) To form the base plate to be the outer plate. Next, the surface of the base plate is scraped off with a sandpaper or sea bass to make it flat and smooth, and then painted with color to make, for example, an FRP outer plate for an automobile.
- high pressure typically 50 kg / cm 2 or more
- the outer plate made of SMC is made of short fibers (discontinuous fibers), the rigidity of the outer plate is lower than that of the case where continuous fibers are used as the reinforcing fibers.
- the elastic modulus of steel at 70 GPa is as low as 1/3 of 210 GPa). Therefore, the thickness of the outer plate is larger than that of the metal outer plate, and it may not always be lighter than the metal outer plate.
- the SMC outer skin is not continuous, its strength, which is an important property of the outer skin other than rigidity, is easily penetrated by local impact such as flying objects hitting the outer skin. Damage. Therefore, it is necessary to take protective measures for impact resistance, such as further increasing the thickness or applying rubber, on the outer panel used outdoors such as in transportation equipment. In this way, it is not a lightweight skin that can substitute a metal skin in terms of weight, that is, an environmentally friendly skin for transport equipment.
- the outer plate made of SMC has been put to practical use is that the short fibers are randomly (almost uniformly) dispersed. That is, it is easy to obtain a substantially uniform surface quality.
- the unevenness of the surface of the base plate is larger than that of short fibers due to uneven distribution of fibers, unevenness of fibers due to meandering, undulation, and crossing of fibers. So in this case
- continuous fibers are preferred because they have higher physical properties in terms of rigidity and strength and can produce a lighter weight FRP plate.
- the form of continuous fibers is complex and diverse, such as unidirectional prepregs, woven fabrics, and three-dimensional woven fabrics, but none of them has been put into practical use.
- members using continuous fibers as reinforcing fibers are also being studied.
- a pre-preda made of continuous fibers and resin arranged in one direction is laminated on a mold, stiffened by auto-crepe or the like, or a preform such as woven fabric is set in the mold and the resin is injected. (Resin transfer molding).
- the surface quality is low due to the unevenness and unevenness of thickness due to the meandering, swelling, crossing of fibers, etc. inherent in continuous fibers as described above. The fact is that it has not been commercialized as a board.
- the gel coating method (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 111-171942) is a method in which a resin material such as polyester, which can be a surface of an outer plate, is coated on an inner surface of a mold in advance, and a reinforcing fiber base is formed. Place over coating and close mold. Next, a resin is injected, cured, demolded, and the coating is transferred to the surface of the FRP outer plate.
- This method is industrially promising, because it can omit surface shaving and painting.
- the composition is heated and cured, the molded product as a whole will be deformed due to the difference in the linear expansion coefficient between the FRP and the gel coat layer. Therefore, it is not suitable for an outer panel requiring accuracy, and is not suitable for an outer panel because the gel coat layer is cracked or wrinkled.
- the gel coat has a thickness of 200 microns or more, which is thicker than the painted film when painted. For this reason, when the outer panel is deformed by external force as much as the weight increases, there is a disadvantage that the gel coat layer is cracked or peels off, which is not suitable for the outer panel.
- the cover fatter After the weaving of the carbon fiber fabric, the cover fatter is kept in a suitable range because it undergoes various processes such as processing into intermediate materials, cutting, laminating, preforming, and forming into FRP. It is difficult. If the movement of the carbon fiber is restrained by filling, the cover factor can be kept in a suitable range, but since the carbon fiber is restrained, there is a disadvantage that it is very difficult to obtain a curved FRP. I got it.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of FRP in the thickness direction is larger than that of metal. Therefore, if the surface is poor in smoothness, rainwater etc. will stay due to deformation due to temperature change, and the lens effect by rays such as ultraviolet rays will cause unevenness in coating deterioration, resulting in a mottled outer plate Go.
- the surface quality of the outer panel has a significant effect on the fluid resistance to air and water in addition to the above-mentioned merchantability and long-term durability. Therefore, there is a need for improved surface quality not only for automobiles but also for all other transporting equipment such as trains, small aircraft, boats, ships, etc. for the purpose of energy saving.
- the outer plate is made of FRP for the purpose of light weight, the elasticity is lower than that of metal, so that the transport equipment deforms more than the air resistance received while moving at high speed, and the flow resistance changes more. For these reasons, criteria different from those for metallic materials should be set independently for the surface of FRP plate materials.
- methods for obtaining FRP from a molding material include a method using an autoclave, a method using a vacuum bag, and a compression molding method.
- the compression molding method is suitable for mass production of high-strength FRP, which has a good appearance and requires a relatively short molding time as compared with the molding method using an autoclave or a vacuum bag.
- this method has an advantage that it is easy to process the mold, so that it is easy to manufacture an FRP having a complicated shape.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fiber reinforced composite material that exhibits excellent mechanical properties by using an epoxy resin composition that can be used and a pre-preda obtained using the resin. This has been achieved by the following first invention.
- a first aspect of the present invention is an epoxy resin composition
- an epoxy resin composition comprising the following components A, B, C, and D, wherein the content of a sulfur atom and a C component in the epoxy resin composition is as follows: Are 0.2 to 7% by mass and 1 to 15% by mass, respectively.
- B component an amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule (B_l component And / or reaction product of epoxy resin and amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule (B-2 component)
- an epoxy resin composition having a gel time at 130 ° C. of 200 seconds or less can be particularly preferably used.
- the present inventor has described a B-2 component, a C component, and a reaction product of an epoxy resin and an amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in a molecule.
- An epoxy resin composition comprising the D component, wherein the content of the sulfur atom and the content of the C component in the epoxy resin composition are 0.2 to 7% by mass and 1 to 15% by mass, respectively. Offer things.
- B— 2 component Reaction product of epoxy resin and amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule
- the present inventor mixed 100 parts by mass of component A and 0.2 to 7 parts by mass of component B-1 to obtain a resin composition
- a method for producing an epoxy resin composition wherein the content of the component C in the epoxy resin composition is 1 to 15% by mass when the component and the component D are further mixed to obtain an epoxy resin composition.
- B component an amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule (B-1 component)
- Another object of the present invention is to provide, in addition to the characteristics of a conventional pre-predator, that is, excellent handleability at room temperature, excellent long live performance at room temperature, and maintenance of good physical properties after molding. It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermosetting resin composition suitable for a pre-prepader having a feature that enables high-speed molding as required for industrial use. Further, the present invention provides a pre-preda impregnated with the thermosetting resin composition. An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method for forming FRP having excellent mechanical strength and thermal properties at a high speed by using the same.
- the second embodiment of the present application has a viscosity at 50 ° C. of 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ to 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ sec, 1000 seconds under an atmosphere of 120 ° C., within 1 ⁇ 10 6 Pa It is a thermosetting resin composition that reaches sec, and the increase in viscosity at 50 ° C after being left at 30 ° C for 3 weeks is not more than twice as large.
- Yet another object of the present application is to use a continuous fiber.
- an FRP plate particularly as an outer plate.
- it is not only a lightweight, high-rigidity, high-strength FRP plate material suitable for transportation equipment, etc., but also an environmentally-friendly FRP outer plate that has a surface quality that can withstand long-term use.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an FRP plate having a structure, a material, and a surface property. This object has been achieved by the following third embodiment of the present application.
- the third aspect of the present application is as follows: (1) The center average roughness (R a) of the surface of the FRP plate material obtained by heat-curing within a molding pressure of 1 Ok kgZcm 2 or more and a molding time of 15 minutes or less is 0. (2) FRP plate material obtained by heat curing within a molding pressure of 10 kcm 2 or more and a molding time of 15 minutes or less, and the center average roughness (Ra) of the surface of the FRP plate material is 5 ⁇ m or less. FRP plate material of less than 0.5 / zm.
- a further object of the present invention is to produce a FRP using a substantially continuous reinforcing fiber having high strength and excellent design properties as a reinforcing material in a short time by a compression molding method. This object has been achieved by the following aspects.
- the fourth aspect of the present invention includes the steps of curing temperatures above the temperature adjustment of the mold in advance a thermosetting resin, to the temperature had been adjusted mold within (one side surface area S 2), substantially continuous A step of adding a molding material (one-side surface area Si) in which the reinforcing fiber is impregnated with a thermosetting resin, a step of tightening the mold, and a step of filling the entire inside of the mold with the molding material;
- Si ZS 2 is a method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material molded article characterized in that it comprises a step of compression molding so as to be 0.8 to 1.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a molding material before clamping the mold is placed inside the mold.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the mold is closed.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a shear edge structure of a portion which is preferably used for the mold used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention, where the upper mold and the lower mold (male and female molds) hit when the mold is tightened. You.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an openable / closable hole provided inside a mold preferably used in the mold used in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is also possible to use FRP demolding by blowing air through this hole. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION 'Hereinafter, the first to fourth aspects of the present invention will be described in detail.
- an epoxy resin composition which can be cured in a short time even at a low temperature compared to the conventional epoxy resin composition, and which can secure a sufficient usable life even when stored at room temperature. Is done.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material exhibiting excellent mechanical properties can be obtained.
- the component A in the first embodiment is an epoxy resin.
- this bifunctional epoxy resin include bisphenol A-type epoxy resin, bisphenol F-type epoxy resin, biphenyl-type epoxy resin, dicyclopentadiene-type epoxy resin, and epoxy resins modified from these.
- Can be Examples of the trifunctional or higher polyfunctional epoxy resin include phenol novolak type epoxy resin, cresol type epoxy resin, tetradaricidyl diamino diphenyl methane, tridaricidyl aminophenol, and daricidylamine type epoxy such as tetradaricidylamine.
- Glycidyl ether type epoxy resins such as epoxy resin, tetrakis (glycidyloxyphenol) ethanetris (glycidyloxymethane), epoxy resins modified from these, and brominated epoxy resins obtained by brominating these epoxy resins. But are not limited to these.
- epoxy resin tetrakis (glycidyloxyphenol) ethanetris (glycidyloxymethane)
- epoxy resins modified from these and brominated epoxy resins obtained by brominating these epoxy resins.
- brominated epoxy resins obtained by brominating these epoxy resins. But are not limited to these.
- the component A one or more of these epoxy resins may be used in combination.
- bisphenol A type epoxy resin bisphenol F type epoxy resin, bisphenol S type epoxy resin, phenol nopolak type epoxy resin, and cresol novolak type epoxy resin can be particularly preferably used. It is said that the use of these epoxy resins improves the mechanical strength of molded products compared to the use of highly rigid epoxy resins such as epoxy resins having a naphthalene skeleton in the molecule. It has a further effect. This is because, when epoxy resin with high rigidity is cured in a short time, the crosslink density increases and distortion is likely to occur, whereas when the above-mentioned epoxy resin is used, the possibility of such a problem is low. is there.
- the epoxy resin having a sulfur atom in the molecule there are a bisphenol S-type epoxy resin and an epoxy resin having a thio skeleton, and these can also be used in the present invention.
- An atomic absorption method or the like may be used as a method for previously quantifying the content of sulfur atoms in the epoxy resin composition.
- the B-1 component of the first embodiment comprises an amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule (B-1 component) and / or an epoxy resin and an amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule. This is the reaction product (B-2 component).
- the B-1 component is not particularly limited as long as it is an amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule.
- examples thereof include 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 3,3, -diaminodiphenylsulfone, 4,4 '—Diaminodiphenyl sulfide, bis (4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl) sulfone, bis (4-1- (3-aminophenoxy) phenyl) sulfone, 4,4-diaminodiphenyls Rufide, 0-triansulfone, and derivatives thereof are preferably used.
- the B-2 component is a reaction product obtained by reacting the above-described epoxy resin with an amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in a molecule.
- a mixture containing the B_2 component is obtained by mixing and reacting the A component and the B-1 component, from which the B-2 component is isolated. There is no particular need to use it.
- a part or all of the components added as the component A and the component B-1 may be changed to the component B-2.
- one or both of the A component and the B-1 component may be completely consumed and changed to the B-2 component.
- any one of the B-1 component and the B-2 component may be used, but the storage stability is improved by using the B-2 component or a mixture of the B-1 component and the B-2 component. I do.
- the component C in this embodiment is a urea compound.
- the component C is not particularly limited, but a urea compound such as dichlorodimethylperyl or phenyldimethylperyl is preferably used. Above all, those having no halogen in the molecule as the component C can be used particularly preferably because they have high reactivity and low toxicity.
- the urea compound referred to in the present invention further includes a diamide of carbonic acid and an amide of carpamic acid.
- a diamide of carbonic acid and an amide of carpamic acid can be obtained by reacting amines such as ammonia with phosgene, chloroformate, carbamoyl chloride, carbonate, isocyanate, cyanic acid and the like.
- ureas such as pereide (acyl urea) in which an acid chloride acts on urea, and alkyl urea (urein) in which hydrogen of urea is substituted with a hydrocarbon group are also used in this embodiment. Included in compounds.
- the urea compound in the present embodiment also contains a urea adduct. .
- the urea duct is, for example, a saturated aqueous solution of hydrocarbon and urea, or Is a urea crystal structure obtained by mixing a saturated solution of a lower alcohol such as methanol with hydrocarbons incorporated.
- the content of the component C in the epoxy resin composition needs to be 1 to 15% by mass. It is preferably at least 3% by mass, more preferably at most 12% by mass. If the amount is less than 1% by mass, the curing reaction may not be sufficiently completed, and if the amount exceeds 15% by mass, the usable period is shortened, and it may not be possible to store at room temperature for a long time.
- the average particle size is preferably 150 ⁇ or less, more preferably 50 / m or less. If the average particle size exceeds 150 m or less, the dispersion speed of the particles is reduced, and as a result, the curing reaction speed is reduced, and the shortest curing which is the most important effect of the present invention cannot be achieved. There is fear.
- the D component in the first embodiment is dicyandiamide.
- the dicyandiamide functions as a curing agent for the epoxy resin, and can be cured at a relatively low temperature by using it in combination with the other components in the present embodiment.
- the content of the D component in the epoxy resin composition is preferably 0 ::! To 10% by mass.
- the average particle size of the D component is preferably 150 ⁇ or less, and particularly preferably 5 O jum or less, since the dispersibility is improved and the reaction rate is increased, so that it is preferable. (Other additives)
- the epoxy resin composition of the first embodiment further includes inorganic fine particles such as silica in the form of fine powder, pigments, elastomers, aluminum hydroxide or bromide or phosphorus compound as a flame retardant, and defoaming.
- inorganic fine particles such as silica in the form of fine powder, pigments, elastomers, aluminum hydroxide or bromide or phosphorus compound as a flame retardant, and defoaming.
- Thermoplastic resin soluble in epoxy resin such as polyvinyl acetal resin and phenoxy resin for the purpose of improving handleability and flexibility, imidazole derivative, metal complex salt or tertiary amine compound etc. It may be mashed.
- the content of sulfur atoms in the epoxy resin composition must be 0.2 to 7% by mass. If it is less than 0.2% by mass, It is difficult to complete the curing in a short time, and if it exceeds 7% by mass, the usable period may be shortened.
- the epoxy resin composition of the first embodiment preferably has a gel time at 130 ° C. of 200 seconds or less.
- the gel time is the time until gelation is completed when a specific temperature is applied to the uncured epoxy resin.
- gelation refers to a state in which the epoxy resin composition has lost fluidity by forming a three-dimensional network structure between molecules.
- the epoxy resin composition having a gel time at 130 ° C. of 200 seconds or less can realize curing in a particularly short time.
- the above-mentioned component A, component B-1, component C, component D and other additives may be added in appropriate amounts and mixed. At this time, as described above, part or all of the added A component or B-1 component may react and change to B-2 component.
- the resin component containing B-2 may be prepared by previously mixing the component A and the component B-1 and then further mixed with the component C and the component D.
- the temperature at the time of mixing is preferably 50 to 180 ° C., more preferably 60 to 160 ° C.
- a pre-preda that can be molded at a relatively low temperature in a short time can be obtained.
- the production of the pre-preda can be performed by a known apparatus and a production method.
- toughened fibers can be used for the pre-predator of the first embodiment depending on the purpose of use of the composite material, and are not particularly limited.
- carbon fiber, graphite fiber, aramide fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, boron fiber, tungsten carbide fiber, glass fiber and the like are preferably used. Further, a plurality of these reinforcing fibers may be used in combination.
- carbon fibers and graphite fibers have good specific elastic modulus and are suitable for lightweight Since a great effect is recognized, it is suitable for the present invention.
- any type of carbon fiber or graphite fiber can be used depending on the application, but a tensile strength of at least 350 Ma and a tensile modulus of at least 190 GPa are particularly preferable.
- the form of the reinforcing fibers in the pre-preda is not particularly limited, but may be a unidirectionally reinforced fiber, a woven fiber, or a nonwoven fabric using a short cut reinforcing fiber.
- the compression molding method has been used to improve the appearance because the resin flows in the mold if it takes a long time to cure.
- a fiber reinforced composite material was not obtained, the use of the epoxy resin composition of the present embodiment cures the epoxy resin composition in a short time, so that a fiber reinforced composite material having a good appearance can be obtained.
- thermosetting resin composition is provided.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-described problems, and have found that the viscosity of the thermosetting resin composition, the time required to reach a target viscosity in a heated state (specifically, 120 ° C.), and ⁇ ⁇ The viscosity after standing was confirmed to be important.
- the viscosity was measured using RDS-200 manufactured by Rheometrics (a dynamic viscosity measuring device having equivalent performance is also possible), and the obtained value was 25 The value was measured at a frequency of 1 Hz using a parallel plate of mm ⁇ . The process of raising the temperature to the heating state (specifically, 120 ° C) will be described in detail in that section.
- thermosetting resin composition of the second aspect the viscosity at 5 0 ° C 5 X 1 0 1 ⁇ ; it is necessary that IX 1 0 4 P a ⁇ sec .
- the viscosity is less than 5 X 1 C ⁇ Pa ⁇ sec, the tack becomes too strong at around room temperature when used as a pre-predator, and it is extremely handled! / It can be difficult: On the other hand, if the viscosity exceeds 1 X 10 4 Pa ⁇ sec, the drape of the pre-predator will not be produced, and it will be hard. reaches the l X 1 0 6 P a ⁇ sec within 1000 seconds under "Next, the thermosetting resin composition in the second aspect, 120 ° 1 within 1000 seconds C X 10 6 P a -Must reach sec.
- the time until the viscosity reaches 1 X 10 6 P a ⁇ sec is more than 1000 seconds, becomes longer molding time at high temperature. If it is shorter than 800 seconds, the molding time at a high temperature is shortened, and it is more preferable if it is shorter than 600 seconds.
- the measurement method is as described in “Measurement of Viscosity”.
- Conditions for raising the temperature to a heated state are as follows. That is, after setting the thermosetting resin composition sample at 50 ° C., the temperature is raised to 120 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C., and the isothermal viscosity is measured at 120 ° C. The point when the temperature reached 120 ° C, starts counting, the viscosity is time total 'the time to reach the l X 1 0 6 P a ⁇ sec.
- thermosetting resin composition of the second embodiment after leaving at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks, The increase in viscosity at 50 ° C must not exceed 2 times.
- the method for measuring the viscosity is the same as in "Measurement of viscosity". If the increase in viscosity is more than twice, the stability of the pre-preda at room temperature will deteriorate.
- the raw material of the thermosetting resin composition of the second embodiment is not particularly limited, and may be an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a butyl ester resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a bismaleimide resin, a BT resin, a cyanate ester resin, or a benzoxazine resin. , Acrylic resin, etc., but epoxy resin, bismuth, etc. Laimide resin, BT resin, and cyanate ester resin are preferably used. Among them, epoxy resin is particularly preferably used because of its excellent adhesion to a reinforcing material.
- thermosetting resin composition of this embodiment a thermoplastic resin or other additives are added for the purpose of improving the handleability of the pre-preda, improving the appearance of the FRP after molding, and improving physical properties such as impact resistance. It is also possible.
- thermoplastic resin examples include, for example, polyalamide, polyester, polyacetal, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polyimide, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyamide, Examples include polyamide imide, polyether ether ketone, and the like.
- Examples of the other additives include synthetic rubbers such as butyl rubber, isoprene rubber, nitrile rubber, and silicone rubber, natural rubbers such as latex, and the like.
- thermosetting resin composition of the second embodiment In order to improve the surface smoothness of the obtained FRP, it is preferable to add a filler such as a filler to the thermosetting resin composition of the second embodiment.
- a filler such as a filler
- Calcium carbonate is preferred as the filter, and the particle size of the calcium carbonate is preferably 3 to 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- the addition amount of the filler varies depending on the type of the resin of the thermosetting resin composition, but is preferably from 10 to 300 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the thermosetting resin composition.
- the thermosetting resin composition finally impregnated in the pre-preda must satisfy the above viscosity conditions. , Needless to say.
- the pre-preda of the second embodiment is a pre-preda prepared by impregnating a reinforcing material with the thermosetting resin composition of the present invention.
- a reinforcing material used in the pre-preda of the present embodiment, and examples thereof include carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramide fiber, high-strength polyethylene fiber, boron fiber, and steel fiber.
- Performance features Carbon fiber and glass fiber, which are lightweight, have high mechanical strength, and have high strength and high rigidity, are preferably used.
- the reinforcing material used in the pre-predder of the second embodiment there is no particular limitation on the form of the reinforcing material used in the pre-predder of the second embodiment, and it is necessary not to loosen a plain weave, a twill weave, a satin weave, or a state in which fiber bundles are stacked in one direction or at different angles.
- Stitching sheets such as non-crimpted fabrics, or non-woven fabrics, mats, and unidirectional materials in which reinforcing fiber bundles are aligned in one direction, etc.
- a stitcher sheet is preferably used.
- the resin content of the pre-preda of this embodiment is not particularly limited, but the smaller the resin content, the better the appearance of the obtained FRP and the greater the reinforcing effect of the reinforcing material.
- the volume content of the thermosetting resin composition in the pre-preda is preferably 45% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 35% by volume or less.
- thermosetting resin composition in the pre-predator, if the content of the thermosetting resin composition is too small, the thermosetting resin composition is not filled to every corner of the FRP. Undesirably occurs.
- the content of the thermosetting resin composition is preferably at least 20% by volume, more preferably at least 25% by volume.
- the method of manufacturing the FRP according to the second embodiment is a method of manufacturing the FRP by setting the pre-preda of the present embodiment in a mold, closing the mold, and heating and pressing to mold.
- the molding die There is no particular limitation on the molding die, but a metal molding die is preferable because it is less likely to be deformed even when high pressure is applied.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited, but a higher temperature is preferable because the molding time can be shortened.
- the temperature is preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 140 ° C. or higher.
- the heating is preferably at 200 ° C. or lower, more preferably at 180 ° C. or lower.
- the degree of pressurization there is no particular limitation on the degree of pressurization, but molding at high pressure is better when pinholes on the surface or voids inside the FRP are formed. Is preferred because it is reduced.
- the pressure applied to the pre-preda is preferably 0.5 MPa or more, and more preferably IMP a or more. An upper limit of 10 OMPa is sufficient.
- a method using a hydraulic heating press is the most efficient and is suitable for the method of producing the FRP of the present invention.
- a closed molding die having a shear edge structure is preferable.
- an excellent prepreg and an FRP plate material which solves a comprehensive problem of a structure, a material and a surface as an outer plate, particularly an FRP plate material using continuous fibers.
- pre-predder of the third embodiment it is possible to form a pre-predder obtained by impregnating substantially continuous reinforcing fibers with a matrix resin at a molding pressure of 10 kg / cm 2 or more, and obtain a center line average roughness of the FRP plate material ( Ra) is required to have a good surface quality of 0.5 / im or less, and finally have a surface quality that can withstand long-term use.
- molding time In the third aspect, it is necessary to heat and cure within 15 minutes of molding time, especially in order to obtain cost-consciousness and to obtain FRP plate materials used for transportation equipment applications. It is preferably within the range.
- the molding time refers to the time during which the prepreg is placed in a state where molding temperature and pressure are applied.
- the type of the reinforcing fiber that can be used in the third embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a substantially continuous reinforcing fiber, and carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramide fiber, polyester fiber, boron fiber, and the like can be used. Above all, carbon fibers having a high specific strength can be most preferably used as members for aircraft and automobiles.
- the form of the reinforcing fibers in the molding material may be one in which the reinforcing fibers are aligned in one direction, or one in which the reinforcing fibers are woven, and is not particularly limited.
- the molding material on the surface of FRP is reinforced with a woven fabric of reinforcing fibers, and the inside is made of reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction. It is also possible.
- the substantially continuous reinforcing fiber means a fiber having substantially no end inside the molding material.
- carbon fibers as the reinforcing fibers.
- Either a PAN (polyacrylonitrile) -based or pitch-based carbon fiber can be used.
- PAN-based carbon fibers are more preferable in producing a woven fabric from the balance of strength, elasticity, and elongation. For outer panels, the higher the strength and the modulus of elasticity, the better. However, carbon fibers with an elongation of 1.4% or more are preferred for providing impact resistance. Shaku? The elongation of steel is determined in accordance with 13 K—7054, and strictly speaking, refers to tensile fracture strain.
- the carbon fiber fabric is in the form of a continuous fiber, such as plain weave, twill weave, or waxy weave.
- the ratio (W / t) of the basis weight (W g / m 2 ) and the thickness (t mm) of the carbon fiber woven fabric may be in the range of 700 to 170,000. I like it.
- the woven fabric within this range is called a thin material, and has a structure in which the fibers are wide and thin for the basis weight. Since the waviness in the thickness direction of the fiber is small, the strength and rigidity are expressed high, and the outer panel can be made lighter. Also, because the unevenness of the woven fabric surface is small, the surface quality of the outer plate is also improved, and the durability of the FRP plate material is improved.
- the basis weight and thickness of the woven fabric are measured according to JIS 762.
- the cover factor of the carbon fiber fabric is within the range of 90 to 100%, the portion composed of only the resin is extremely small, the out-of-plane impact characteristics are increased, and the resin is shrunk in the thickness direction. Surface unevenness and unevenness unevenness are eliminated, and high image clarity is obtained, which is preferable. Assuming that the flying object is a small piece in the penetrating impact, a more preferable cover factor is in the range of 95 to 100%.
- the carbon fiber woven cover factor C f is related to the size of the void formed between the yarns, as described and defined in JP-A-7-191898. When the area of the area S on the woven fabric is set in the element, the area defined by the following formula is defined as s, where s is the area of the void formed between the yarns in the area S.
- the woven fabric Since the woven fabric contributes to surface stiffness and surface quality, which are particularly important among the physical properties of the outer plate, the woven fabric is preferably located near the surface layer of the plate.
- the presence of high-rigidity carbon fibers on the surface layer of the outer panel increases the surface rigidity of the outer panel, and enables weight reduction.
- the most preferred location is the outermost layer.
- a multi-axial fabric such as biaxial or triaxial is in the outermost layer, a unique woven design 1 ”can be given to the outer plate.
- the thin fabric in which the ratio (WZ t) of the basis weight (W g Zm 2 ) to the thickness (t mm) of the carbon fiber fabric is in the range of 700 to 170 is in the thickness direction of the fiber. This is because when the outer plate is used, the thickness of the resin layer on the surface is small, and a smoother surface can be obtained before and after coating.
- the cover factor is within the above range of 90 to 100%, there is no portion consisting only of the luster in the thickness direction of the outer plate, which is extremely important in terms of durability, that is, image sharpness. Characteristics are improved and practicality is enhanced, which is preferable.
- inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, alumina fibers, and silicon nitride fibers, and organic fibers such as aramid fibers and nylon may be used in combination.
- organic fibers such as aramid fibers and nylon.
- glass fiber is inexpensive and has a good balance of compressive and tensile strength.
- Glass fibers are so-called E-glass, C-glass, and S-glass fibrous glass containing silicon dioxide (Si 2 ) as a main component, and have a fiber diameter of about 5 to 20 ⁇ m. Is preferred.
- the glass cloth improves the rigidity and, at the same time, retains the resin, so that the moldability is improved. Suitable are those having a basis weight of 20 to 400 g / m 2 . When used for the surface layer, it is preferable that the weight is 20 to 50 g / m 2 because the design of the woven fabric is not impaired and the transparency can be maintained.
- the amount of glass fiber used is preferably 50% by weight or less of the carbon fiber when rigidity is required, and is preferably 80% by weight or less when impact resistance is required.
- Organic fibers are not brittle, like carbon fibers and glass fibers, but are ductile, flexible, and do not easily break when bent.
- synthetic fibers have the advantage that they do not have the potential for electrical corrosion when compared to carbon fibers, and therefore have the advantage of not requiring any measures against electrical corrosion.
- the resin constituting the FRP board material of the third embodiment is a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin, a butyl ester resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a phenol resin, a benzoxazine resin, an atalyl resin, and a modified resin obtained by modifying these resins.
- epoxy resins epoxy resins, polyester resins, vinyl ester resins, and modified resins of these resins, which are excellent in chemical resistance, weather resistance, and the like, are preferable.
- phenolic resins and benzoxazine resins are also excellent in flame retardancy and are preferred for outer panels requiring heat resistance.
- a transparent resin such as an acrylic resin is preferable in terms of design. Among them, an acrylic resin luster is preferable because of its excellent weather resistance. Further, by adding 3 to 20% of an ultraviolet absorber, a solar absorber and an antioxidant to these transparent resins, the weather resistance can be further improved.
- an epoxy resin composition according to the first embodiment of the present invention (see the description of the first embodiment.
- the resin composition (1) may be referred to as the resin composition (1)).
- the resin composition of the first embodiment The materials, conditions, preferred examples, and the like described are also preferred in the third embodiment unless otherwise specified.
- this resin composition (1) When this resin composition (1) is used, it can be cured in a relatively short time at a relatively low temperature, so that the pre-preda obtained using this epoxy resin composition has a sufficient usable life even when stored at room temperature.
- the FRP plate material obtained from this pre-predeer exhibits excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, by using this pre-preda, the processing time can be reduced in molding the fiber-reinforced composite material, so that the production can be performed at low cost.
- the same additives as described in the first embodiment can be used for the resin composition (1).
- the resin composition (1) can have the same sulfur atom content as described in the first embodiment.
- the resin composition (1) preferably has the same gel time as in the first embodiment.
- the resin yarn composition (1) can be produced by the same method as in the first embodiment. Conditions preferred in the first embodiment are also preferred in the third embodiment.
- the third embodiment as in the first embodiment, it can be obtained by impregnating the above-mentioned resin composition (1) as a matrix resin into a reinforcing fiber.
- the types and forms of the reinforcing fibers can be the same as those in the first embodiment, and preferable examples are also preferable.
- the form of the reinforcing fibers in the pre-preda is not particularly limited, but may be a unidirectionally reinforced fiber, a woven fiber, or a nonwoven fabric using a short cut reinforcing fiber.
- the compression molding method has been used to improve the appearance of fibers with a good appearance because the resin flows in the mold if it takes a long time to cure. Although no reinforced composite material was obtained, When the epoxy resin composition is used, the epoxy resin composition cures in a short time, so that a fiber-reinforced composite material having a good appearance can be obtained.
- the resin composition (1) can be cured at a relatively low temperature in a short time. Therefore, the prepreg obtained using this epoxy resin composition has a sufficient usable period even when stored at room temperature, and the composite obtained from this prepreg exhibits excellent mechanical properties. Is obtained. Further, by using this pre-preda, the processing time in molding the fiber reinforced composite material can be shortened, so that low-cost production is possible.
- the matrix resin preferably used for the pre-predder of the third embodiment is a thermosetting resin composition of the second embodiment of the present application (refer to the second embodiment.) 2) is sometimes described.)) Is also preferable.
- the materials, conditions, preferable examples, and the like described in the resin composition of the second embodiment are also preferable in the third embodiment unless otherwise specified.
- thermosetting resin composition can be handled at room temperature, has a long life at room temperature, and maintains good physical properties after molding, and is capable of high-speed molding as required for industrial use. It is suitable as a matrix resin for a prepredder.
- the pre-predator is capable of high-speed molding, which is required for industrial applications, while maintaining handleability at room temperature, long life at room temperature, and good physical properties after molding. High-speed molding can be performed.
- the measurement is performed in the same manner as in the second embodiment.
- the resin composition described in the second embodiment can be used similarly.
- the resin composition (2) is a pre-prepared resin that can be handled at room temperature, has a long life at room temperature, maintains good physical properties after molding, and is capable of high-speed molding required for industrial use.
- a thermosetting resin composition suitable for a matrix resin can be provided.
- the pre-preda using the resin composition (2) enables high-speed molding required for industrial use while maintaining handleability at room temperature, long life at room temperature, and good physical properties after molding. is there. Furthermore, high-speed molding as required for industrial use is possible.
- the resin composition (2) is very suitable for high-speed molding, and greatly contributes to the reduction of molding processing cost, which is the biggest disadvantage of FRP.
- the ratio of the matrix resin in the pre-preda is preferably in the range of 20 to 45% by mass. If the content exceeds 45%, the rigidity and impact resistance of the FPR flat plate may be equal to those of the metal outer plate, so that it may be necessary to sacrifice light weight.
- the content is 20% or more is that if the content is less than 20%, impregnation of the matrix resin becomes difficult, and voids may be generated, which is not preferable in physical properties. It is preferable that the proportion of the matrix resin in the pre-preda is 20 to 30% and that an epoxy resin is used as the matrix luster, since sufficient flame retardancy can be obtained without adding a flame retardant to the epoxy resin.
- the center average roughness (Ra) of the surface of the FRP obtained under the above-mentioned molding conditions is 0.5 ⁇ or less. It is necessary for reducing the durability.
- the center average roughness (Ra) is more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. The irregularities become even more pronounced without disappearing by painting. Also, not only the appearance is impaired, but also the stress concentration at the tip of the concave part increases according to the size, and blasting progresses. Therefore, the smaller the unevenness, the higher the durability of the outer plate.
- the center average roughness (Ra) of the FRP surface was measured using a surface roughness measuring device 1 78-368 (analysis unit 178, manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation) with a cut-off value of 2.5 mm and a measurement section of 2. 5 x 5 mm, range: 5 / zm.
- a surface roughness measuring device 1 78-368 analysis unit 178, manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation
- 5 x 5 mm, range: 5 / zm the surface of the FRP may have irregularities due to scratches on the mold surface. Therefore, in the above-described measurement, such a portion is excluded from the measurement.
- the pre-preda of this embodiment can obtain an FRP flat plate by curing as follows, for example.
- the mold with a surface accuracy of # 800 or more is adjusted to a temperature higher than the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin in advance. Then, after placing the above-described laminated body of the pre-predder made of continuous carbon fibers in the mold, the mold is tightened, and the entire inside of the mold is filled with the laminated body of the pre-predder and compression-molded.
- ⁇ a structure in which gas can flow out from the inside of the mold when the mold is tightened and resin can be suppressed
- '' a structure generally called a shear edge structure or a rubber seal structure is used.
- the mold has a structure capable of evacuating the inside when the mold is closed or while the mold is being closed.
- This deaeration mechanism is provided with an openable and closable hole in a part of the mold, which is opened to the outside of the mold. The hole and the inside of the mold are closed by communicating with the container degassed by a pump through pulp. Sometimes, the valve is opened and the inside of the mold is evacuated at once.
- a mechanism for releasing the FRP plate such as an ejector pin or an air blow valve, can be attached to the mold in order to facilitate removal of the FRP plate. This makes it possible to easily remove the FRP plate without waiting for the mold to cool, which is suitable for mass production. It should be noted that any conventionally known mechanism may be used as the mechanism for removing the mold, whether it be an ejector pin, an air valve, or any other mechanism.
- the above-described laminate of prepregs (one-side surface area Si) composed of continuous carbon fibers is put so that Si Zs 2 becomes 0.8 to 1.
- the matrix resin is preferable because it does not extremely flow under pressure.
- the flow of the matrices causes the reinforcing fibers to flow, causing irregularities on the surface of the FRP plate.
- the irregularities are more pronounced and remain even after painting. Further, not only the appearance is impaired, but also the stress concentration at the tip of the concave portion increases according to the size, and the destruction proceeds, so that the unevenness is small, and the durability of the outer plate is improved.
- the FRP plate material can be obtained by removing the mold after curing, and applying a uniform coating method such as a spray gun. Since the molding shrinkage and heat shrinkage of the resin at the time of molding also affect the surface quality, it is preferable to use an epoxy resin having a small molding shrinkage of the resin, or a low shrinkage resin mixed with a filler such as talc, glass fine particles, or calcium carbonate.
- the molding temperature is preferably at least 10 ° C higher than the temperature at which the outer panel is used, and at 90 ° C or higher, more preferably at least 110 ° C, but not higher than 130 ° C for automobile outer panels. Above is preferable from the viewpoint of shortening the molding time.
- the thickness of the FRP plate material varies depending on the application, it is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 8 mm in the case of an outer plate of a transportation device such as a car running on the ground. Below this range, problems may arise with the penetration resistance, and above this, the lightness is not sufficient.
- the speed is even faster, so the range of l to 10 mm is preferable. It is also preferable to adopt a sandwich structure, a corrugated structure, or a structure in which a frame is provided on a part of the outer plate.
- the FRP material of the third embodiment can exhibit high resilience, elastic modulus and strength, which are one of the characteristics of carbon fiber, and The required resistance to dents, stiffness and strength can be achieved with light weight.
- the strength of the continuous fiber it is possible to obtain the penetration impact resistance, which is an extremely important property for the outer panel. In other words, rigidity and impact characteristics can be obtained with a light weight that cannot be achieved with short single fibers.
- deformation resistance, maximum load, displacement, and energy absorption are also large.
- the continuous fibers are in the form of a woven fabric, the penetration resistance is higher than that obtained by laminating prepregs arranged in one direction, even though the reinforcing fibers have the same amount.
- the woven fabric has a net-like structure in which the fibers intersect, and can capture flying objects.
- the woven fabric has the same physical properties in two directions orthogonal to each other in a single layer (single layer), and the outer plate can be configured with a smaller number of sheets than in the case of laminating pre-predas arranged in one direction, and thus the weight is lighter.
- the outer plate is formed by laminating two pre-preders perpendicular to each other, out-of-plane torsional deformation called saddle type occurs due to thermal contraction during curing. This out-of-plane deformation is caused not only by external force but also by temperature change. It also occurs when an in-plane stress is applied to the outer plate, causing the outer plate to deform into an irregular shape, which is not preferable in terms of appearance and aerodynamics.
- the outer panel has a light weight and high mechanical properties, and is excellent in environmental resistance.
- the FRP board of the present invention may be coated on the surface.
- the coating is thinner (typically less than 150 microns) and lighter than gelcoat.
- By selecting an appropriate paint it is possible to provide properties and functions that cannot be covered only with FRP plate materials, such as surface gloss and unevenness, low-temperature / high-temperature environments, water resistance, UV resistance, etc. This is because practicality as an outer plate occurs for the first time.
- the resin part of the FRP plate material is a resin that is weak against ultraviolet light
- various appearances (make-up) are possible, and painting is preferable in terms of design. It is necessary to match the color of the outer panel with other components in consideration of safety, etc., and painting makes it possible to achieve delicate color matching.
- by coating moisture and light do not enter the FRP directly, so that a highly durable outer panel with excellent environmental resistance can be obtained.
- the coating is also preferable in terms of fluid resistance.
- the thickness of the coating is 20 to 200 ⁇ or less. If it exceeds 200 ⁇ m, the coating film tends to peel off, which is not preferable in terms of mechanical properties and appearance. If it is less than 2 ⁇ , light rays such as sunlight directly enter to cause deterioration or uneven coating, which is not preferable in terms of design.
- the FRP outer plate is preferable in terms of durability without increasing the weight. More preferably, it is 40 to 1 ⁇ ⁇ .
- Paints include, for example, silicone epoxy resin paint, acrylic resin paint, urethane resin paint, polyester resin paint, epoxy resin coating, fluorine resin paint, cashew resin paint, alkyd resin paint, aminoalkyd resin paint, and phenol. It can be selected from resin paints, oil paints, oil varnishes, synthetic resin paints such as Nitrocellulose lacquer, water-soluble resin paints, and paints including primers Surfer, Primer Surfacea putty, etc.
- Paints are broadly classified into one-pack, two-pack, multi-pack air-dried or room-temperature dried paints, baking paints, UV curable paints, and electronic #fountain curable paints. It is also called spray paint, roll paint, flow coater paint, brush paint, etc., depending on the coating method.
- a paint composition that has good adhesion to the FRP resin.
- FRP is inferior in UV resistance to metal, it is preferable to select a paint that has excellent weather resistance.
- a sun-blocking paint or an ultraviolet-blocking paint which is a mixture of alkyd, acrylic, and polyurethane vehicles with carbon black as a pigment and a UV absorber or reduced telopolyacid.
- the above additives are especially indispensable.
- a conductive paint in which a conductive filler such as carbon black, graphite or metal powder is dispersed is preferable. Paints containing tin oxide-antimony oxide conductors provide a transparent conductive coating, so use the design of carbon fiber fabrics and prevent dust and dirt from adhering to the outer panels of automobiles and the like due to static electricity. It is a preferred conductive paint for the purpose of imparting an antistatic effect to suppress.
- the coating method is spray (spray) coating (air gun or airless method), electrostatic coating (electrostatic spraying method, gun method, etc.), electrodeposition coating (cationic anion type, etc.), powder coating ( In addition to the thermal spraying method, the fluid immersion method, the electrostatic powder coating method, etc., a well-known special coating method can be applied.
- the FRP plate material of the present embodiment is preferable because the heat resistance is lower than that of the metal, so that the electrostatic coating using a drying temperature of 120 ° C. or less and FRP as an anode is preferable because of its excellent coating property. Also, since carbon fibers are conductive, electrostatic coating is also a preferred coating method because of its high paint use efficiency.
- the surface of the FRP plate be subjected to degreasing or sanding for removing the release agent.
- degreasing and sanding work can be eliminated or reduced.
- the coating temperature is closely related to the heat-resistant temperature of the outer panel, and it is preferable that the coating and drying be performed near the heat-resistant temperature.
- the heat-resistant temperature is preferably about 10 ° C.
- the drying temperature of the paint is preferably in the range of 60 ° C. to 110 ° C.
- the drying time is about 3 to 60 minutes.
- the color of the paint is determined by the color arrangement with other members.However, in the FRP outer plate of this embodiment using carbon fiber woven fabric as the reinforcing base material, the state of deterioration of the FRP part and the state of internal damage are visually observed. It is preferable to use a clear coating which can be observed with the above. Being clear makes it possible to grasp the state of FRP precisely, and has the effect of encouraging third parties who have only experienced metal skin to use FRP skin. Of course, the clear paint is weaving It also has the effect of increasing the commercial value by utilizing the design of the structure. The clear coating may be the whole or part of the outer panel.
- Typical clear paints are silicone epoxy paints and acrylic paints, but they may be urethane paints, mixed paints, alloy paints, or colored clear paints. No problem.
- the carbon fiber woven fabric has a large ratio between the basis weight and the thickness, and a woven fabric having a structure is appropriate.
- the coating method shall be such that a uniform thin film can be formed using a spray gun or the like. If the coating film is too thin or too thick, the clarity of the image tends to decrease. Therefore, it is preferable that the coating thickness is appropriate.
- the FRP plate material of this embodiment can be used as an inner / outer plate of transportation equipment such as motorcycles, automobiles, high-speed vehicles, high-speed boats, motorcycles, bicycles, and aircraft.
- motorcycle frames such as motorcycle frames, cowls, fenders, etc., doors, bonnets, tenor gates, side fenders, tsukudane-panenoles, fenders, trunk lids, hard disks, side mirror covers, boilers, diffusers, ski carriers, etc.
- Automotive parts such as automobile panels, engine cylinder power parts, engine hoods, chassis, etc., vehicle outer skin applications such as nose cars, roofs, side panels, doors, trolley covers, side skirts, luggage shelves, seats, etc.
- wing tracks for wing trucks, air boilers and side carts for automobiles and motorcycles such as panels for panels, panels for outer panels, roofs, floors, etc., window frames, luggage shelves , Seat, flow Panels, wings, mouth props, fuselage, etc. for aircraft ⁇ , notebook PCs, mobile phones, etc. housing applications, X-ray power sets, medical applications such as top boards, flat speaker panels, acoustic products such as speaker cones , Golf heads, face plates, snowboards, windsurfing boards, sports equipment for protectors (American football, baseball, hockey, skiing, etc.), board panels, windmill blades, elevators (cage panels, doors), etc.
- the plate material in the present invention includes not only a flat plate but also a plate material having a curvature.
- the molding material used in the present embodiment is a molding material obtained by impregnating a substantially continuous girder fiber with thermosetting luster.
- the reinforcing fibers described in the third embodiment can be used, and preferable examples are also preferable in this embodiment.
- the thermosetting resin used in the fourth modification may be a known thermosetting resin used as a matrix resin of FRP, and may be any of epoxy resin, unsaturated butyl ester resin, and bismaleimide resin. It can be suitably used. Among them, an epoxy resin having high mechanical properties after curing and excellent adhesion to reinforcing fibers can be most preferably used in consideration of the mechanical properties of a molded product.
- a substantially continuous reinforcing fiber impregnated with a thermosetting resin is used instead of the above-described molding material, and a thermosetting resin is provided on at least one surface of the reinforcing fiber. It is also possible to use a molding material obtained by superposing a resin-impregnated resin. As the short fiber-reinforced fiber impregnated with a thermosetting resin, the one obtained by impregnating a reinforcing fiber cut to 12 to 5 O mm, usually called SMC, with the aforementioned thermosetting resin is used. It can be suitably used.
- Short fiber reinforced fibers impregnated with a thermosetting resin have a random orientation of the reinforcing fibers, and therefore have a rib structure or boss structure of the FRP compared to a molding material consisting of substantially continuous reinforcing fibers. It has the advantage that it can easily conform to a complicated shape having a mechanical property, but has the drawback of inferior mechanical properties. Thus, by overlapping and compression-molding both, it is possible to obtain an FRP having both advantages, excellent mechanical properties, and a complex shape having a rib structure and a boss structure.
- thermosetting resin as that obtained by impregnating a substantially continuous reinforcing fiber with a thermosetting resin may be used as the thermosetting resin obtained by impregnating the thermosetting resin into the short fibrous reinforcing fibers. Yes, or different ones may be used. (Type)
- the airtightness required for the mold means that a sufficient amount of molding material to fill the mold is put into the mold, and the thermosetting resin constituting the molding material is substantially separated from the mold even when pressurized. It does not leak out.
- a structure to keep the inside of the mold airtight it is possible to adopt a share-edge structure (see Fig. 2) or a rubber seal structure where the upper and lower dies (male and female types) hit when the mold is tightened. You. Any known structure may be adopted as long as the inside of the mold is kept airtight.
- air remaining inside the mold when the mold is tightened may cause pinholes on the surface of the FRP or voids inside the FRP.
- the air remaining inside the mold can be degassed effectively.
- the deaeration mechanism can be provided with an openable / closable hole inside the mold (see Fig. 3) and opened outside the mold, or a pump can be provided to reduce the pressure. Deaeration is performed by opening the hole until the entire inside of the mold is filled with the molding material, and closing it during pressurization.
- a mechanism for releasing the FRP such as an iris tap pin and an air blow valve (see Fig. 3), can be attached to the mold to facilitate removal of the FRP. This makes it possible to easily take out the FRP without waiting for the mold to cool, which is suitable for mass production.
- any conventionally known mechanism may be used as the mechanism for removing the mold, such as an ejector pin, an air blow valve, or any other mechanism.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram showing a state in which a molding material before clamping the mold is placed inside the mold.
- 1 is a female type
- 2 is a male type
- 3 is a shear edge structure
- 4 is an openable / closable hole
- 5 is a pin (up and down by air)
- 6 Indicates the packing
- A indicates the air inflow when the hole is opened
- B indicates the air inflow when the hole is closed.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a state in which the mold is closed. As shown in this figure, the thermosetting resin hardly flows out of the mold, and the molding material is pressurized and fills the entire interior of the mold.
- the bending that occurs during compression molding of a prepreg consisting of continuous reinforcing fibers is mainly due to excessive flow of the matrix resin. Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to suppress the flow of the resin, good results can be obtained by using a molding material having a one-side surface area close to the inner one-side surface area (one-side surface area of FRP) when the mold is closed. More specifically, the one-side surface area S i of a molding material obtained by impregnating a substantially continuous reinforcing fiber with a thermosetting resin, and the one-side surface area S 2 inside the mold when the mold is closed are described. It was found that the ratio S i / S 2 should be set to 0.8 to 1. If ⁇ / S 2 is less than zero.
- the fluidity of the resin inside the mold becomes severe, eye bending is likely to occur.
- S i ZS 2 is more than 1, if the peripheral edge of the molding material protrudes from the mold, there will be an obstacle to tightening the mold or insufficient molding material in the molded product, and if the molding material is folded, the fiber orientation will be disordered.
- the one-sided surface area is a surface area of one of two substantially equivalent surfaces having a thickness interval and constituting a molded product.
- the volume and height of the molding material be similar to those of the molded product (the shape inside the mold when the mold is closed). It is preferable that the volume and the thickness of the molding material put into the mold are 100 to 120% of the volume of the molded article and 100 to 150% of the thickness, respectively.
- the volume of the molding material to be put into the mold is less than 100% of the volume of the molded product, sufficient pressure is not applied to the molding material. On the other hand, if it exceeds 120%, the molding material flows out before the airtightness of the mold is obtained, which is not preferable.
- the thickness of the molding material is less than 100% or more than 150% with respect to the thickness of the FRP, it is difficult to uniformly press the entire surface of the molding material, which is not preferable. No.
- the thickness of the molding material and the thickness of the FRP are each an average thickness.
- thermosetting resin it is necessary to control the temperature of the above-described mold in advance to a temperature equal to or higher than the curing temperature of the thermosetting resin.
- a more preferable temperature may be selected depending on molding conditions other than the composition and the temperature, as long as the temperature for controlling the temperature is equal to or higher than the curing temperature determined by the composition of the thermosetting resin.
- the pressure at the time of performing compression molding may be a known pressure at the time of performing compression molding, and is not particularly limited. It may be appropriately determined according to the shape of the FRP.
- the average particle size is a value measured by a laser-diffraction scattering method. Note that the present embodiment is not limited to the following examples.
- EP 828 Epoxy Co., Ltd., manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd. (registered trademark, bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 120 p / 25 ° C)
- EP 807 Epoxy 807 (registered trademark, bisphenol F-type epoxy resin, 30 p / 25 ° C) manufactured by Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd.
- EP604 Japan Epoxy Resin Co., Ltd. Epikop604 (registered trademark, glycidylamine type epoxy resin)
- EPICLON N-740 (Fanol nopolak type epoxy resin, semi-solid) manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.
- YCDN701 Phenotote manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd. YCDN701 (cresol novolac epoxy resin)
- FLEP 50 Epoxy resin manufactured by Toray Recoal, registered trademark
- EXA 1514 Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.
- EPICLON EXA1514 Bisphenol S-type epoxy resin ⁇ Amine compound having at least one sulfur atom in the molecule>
- DD S Seika Cure-I S (Diaminodiphenylsulfone, registered trademark, Sulfur atom content 12.9 mass%) manufactured by Wakayama Seijiro Co., Ltd.
- BAP S BAP S (4,4,1-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, sulfur atom content 7.4% by mass) manufactured by Wakayama Seirido Co., Ltd.
- BAP S- M Wakayama Seika Co.
- BAP S-M bis (4 i (3 Aminofue phenoxy) Fuweniru) sulfone, a sulfur atom content 7.4 wt 0/0)
- ASD ASD (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, sulfur atom content 14.8 mass%) manufactured by Wakayama Seika Co., Ltd.
- TSN TSN manufactured by Wakayama Seika Co., Ltd. (Li-trizine sulfone, sulfur atom content: 11.7 mass%)
- PDMU Phenyl dimethyl urea (average particle size 50 ⁇ )
- DCMU 3,4-dichlorophenyl mono-, dimethyl-rea (average particle size 50 ⁇ )
- DICY15 Dicyandiamide (average particle size 15 / zm)
- DICY140 Dicyandiamide (average particle size: 20 ⁇ m)
- PVF Vinylec E (polyvinyl formal) manufactured by Chisso Corporation
- YP50 Phonotote YP50 manufactured by Toto Kasei Corporation
- AEROSIL Nippon AEROSIL Corporation, AEROSIL 3 0 0
- a pre-preda was manufactured by the method described below, and its gel time, usable period, and mechanical properties were measured. The measurement method is as shown below.
- the gel time measurement start time The state of the epoxy resin composition is checked by repeatedly pressing the pre-preda with tweezers or the like, and the time required for complete gelation is measured, and this is defined as the gel time.
- the complete gelation herein refers to a state in which the epoxy resin composition stops flowing when pressed with tweezers or the like.
- the pre-preda was molded by vacuum bag molding to produce a flat fiber-reinforced composite material having a length of 20 Omm, a width of 20 Omm, and a thickness of 15 Omm.
- the 0 ° bending strength and the 90 ° bending strength of this flat plate were measured according to ASTM D790.
- the production of the epoxy resin composition is The mass part of the B-1 component used in the above was determined from the following equation using Y, and the content ⁇ (mass%) of the sulfur atom in the 1-1 component used in the production of the epoxy resin composition.
- the component has a sulfur atom, it was measured directly from the epoxy resin composition by the following atomic absorption method. That is, after manufacturing the epoxy resin composition, 5 Omg of the epoxy resin composition is decomposed in an aqueous nitric acid solution, the solution is diluted to 50 ml with ion-exchanged water, and this aqueous solution is used as a measurement sample. did.
- the sulfur atom concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry using this sample (measurement conditions; plasma Gas: 0.8 L / min, Coolant gas: 16 L / min, Carrier gas: 0.48 L / min, Measurement wavelength: 180.7 nm).
- concentration of sulfur atoms in the aqueous solution was determined using the calibration curve created in advance, and The sulfur atom content (% by mass) in the epoxy resin composition was calculated from the sulfur atom concentration of the epoxy resin composition.
- the gel time at 130 ° C. and the usable period of the pre-preda obtained from the epoxy resin compositions of Examples 1 to 10 were evaluated.
- the gel time was 200 seconds or less and the usable period was 21 days.
- the stickiness was maintained, and a usable period of 21 days or more was confirmed.
- the flat composite physical properties also showed good physical properties with a 0 ° bending strength exceeding 160 kg / mm 2 and a 90 ° bending strength exceeding 10 kg / mm 2 .
- the pre-predas obtained from the epoxy resin compositions of Examples 11 to 20 also had a gel time of 200 seconds or less and a usable period of 21 days or more.
- Example 21 in Table 3 the epoxy resin of component B and the amine component (DDS) were mixed at room temperature, and then heated to 150 ° C and partially reacted to obtain a viscosity at 90 ° C of 30 to 90. It was prepared to be void (B-2 components). The reactant and the A component The C and D components were mixed at the composition ratio shown in Example 21 of Table 3 until uniform, to prepare an epoxy resin composition.
- This epoxy resin composition was uniformly applied onto release paper at a weight of 33.7 g / m 2 with a simple type mouth coater to form a resin layer.
- the ⁇ effect layer by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.
- Carbon Fiber (TR50 S, tensile modulus: 240 GPa) to both sides of the sheet material aligned in one direction so that the fiber basis weight is 1 25 g / m 2
- the epoxy resin composition is impregnated into the carbon fiber, and the fiber weight is 125 g / m 2 (resin content is 35 mass%). %) Pre-predator was created.
- the flat composite physical properties also showed good physical properties with a 0 ° bending strength exceeding 160 kg / mm 2 and a 90 ° bending strength exceeding 10 kg / mm 2 .
- the epoxy resin of component A and the amine component (DDS) are mixed at room temperature, and then heated to 150 ° C and partially reacted, resulting in a viscosity at 90 ° C of 30 to 90 boise.
- DDS amine component
- the pre-predas obtained from the epoxy resin compositions of Examples 22 to 31 also had a gel time of 200 seconds or less and a usable period of 21 days or more.
- Each of the flat composites exhibited good physical properties with a 0 ° bending strength of 160 kgZinm 2 and a 90 ° bending strength of more than 10 kg / mm 2 .
- the epoxy resin of component A and the amine component were mixed at room temperature, and then heated to 150 ° C and partially reacted to adjust the viscosity at 90 ° C to 30 to 90 Boys. . Except for mixing the reactants and component B and component C at the composition ratios shown in Table 4 until uniform, a pre-preda was manufactured and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 21. Carried out.
- the gel time was 200 seconds or less, and the usable period was 21 days or more.
- Comparative Examples 9 and 10 containing no dicyandiamide although the same amount of the curing agent was used as in Examples 21 and 24, the production was performed in each example. Only a flat plate composite having a 0 ° bending strength of about 10% inferior to the flat plate composite was obtained. Further, in Comparative Example 10, the usable period was as short as 5 days or less.
- the epoxy resin and composition of the present embodiment could be cured at a relatively low temperature in a short time. Therefore, the prepreg obtained by using this epoxy resin composition has a sufficient usable period even when stored at room temperature, and the composite obtained from this prepreg exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The effect was obtained. Furthermore, it has been proved that the use of this pre-preda can shorten the heating time in the molding of the fiber-reinforced composite material, thereby enabling low-cost production. table 1
- thermosetting resin composition The following epoxy resins and curing agents were prepared as raw materials for the thermosetting resin composition.
- Epiclon N 740 (registered trademark)
- a phenolic nopolak type epoxy resin manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.
- Fujicure FXE 100 a latent curing agent for epoxy resin manufactured by Fuji Kasei
- DCMU Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. 3, 4-Dichro mouth FeNiru N, N-Dimethurea, "D CMU99"
- Measurement mode Parallel plate (25mm ⁇ , gap 0.5mm) Frequency: 1Hz
- Temperature setting The temperature rises from 50 ° C in 10 ° CZ minutes, and after reaching 120 ° C, the isothermal viscosity is measured
- Measurement Data 50 ° Viscosity at C, for from reaching 120 ° C until the viscosity exceeds 10 2 P a ⁇ sec. In this embodiment, all of the thermosetting resin composition, it was confirmed that the viscosity when reached 1 20 ° C is not more than 10 1 P a ⁇ sec.
- thermosetting resin composition Immediately after preparing the thermosetting resin composition, a sample was taken, and the viscosity ⁇ at 50 ° C was determined by the above viscosity measurement method. After the same thermosetting resin composition was left in a dryer at 30 ° C for 3 weeks to give a thermal history, the viscosity was measured in the same manner, and the viscosity at 50 ° C was determined to be 77i. It was measured. Thickening is ⁇ 7? Determined by
- thermosetting resin composition Heat the thermosetting resin composition to 50 ° C to reduce its viscosity, apply thinly to release paper to prepare a hot melt film, and impregnate it into Mitsubishi Rayon's carbon fiber fabric TR 3110. Then, a pre-preda was obtained. Resin content is 30 mass. Adjusted to / 0 .
- thermosetting resin composition was prepared with the composition shown in Table 6, and the viscosity was measured at 50 ° C.
- Viscosity measurement at 50 ° C after 3 weeks Viscosity after reaching 1 20 ° C was measured the time to more than 10 2 P a. Sec. It was pre-prepared and the handling was evaluated by touch. " ⁇ " indicates that the tack and drape were moderate and easy to handle, and "X" indicates that it was difficult to handle.
- the prepared pre-preda was left at 30 ° C. for 3 weeks, and the handling after that was evaluated in the same manner. Further, a prepredder was formed by the above method. The molding was performed under three conditions of 120 ° C for 15 minutes, 120 ° C for 10 minutes, and 140 ° C for 4 minutes, and the mechanical properties were measured. Table 6 shows the results.
- thermosetting resin composition shown in the examples had good handleability of the prepreg immediately after preparation and handleability of the prepreg after 3 weeks at 30 ° C after preparation. The surface appearance after molding was clean, and the mechanical properties were good. (Comparative Example 13) Low viscosity at -50 ° C, Example 1
- Thermosetting resin compositions having the compositions shown in Table 7 were prepared. Since the viscosity at 50 ° C was less than 5 ⁇ 10 1 Pa ⁇ sec, the pre-predator immediately after preparation had a very strong tack and was sticky, making it difficult to handle.
- thermosetting resin compositions having the compositions shown in Table 7 were prepared. Since the viscosity at 50 ° C. exceeded 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ sec, the thermosetting resin composition was very hard and could not be formed into a film.
- thermosetting resin composition having the composition shown in Table 7 was prepared.
- the thermosetting resin composition after 3 weeks at 30 ° C. was very hard, and the viscosity could not be measured. Also handle pre-readers immediately after preparation! /, The properties were good, but after 3 weeks at room temperature, it was hard and out of life.
- Comparative Example 16 -120.
- Example 1 0 6 P a ⁇ sec arrival times at the Flip is greater than 1 0 0 0 second one
- thermosetting resin compositions having the compositions shown in Table 7 were prepared. 1 0 6 P a. Sec arrival time is as long as 1 3 0 0 seconds in 1 2 0, it can be seen that is inferior clearly curable compared with Examples. In addition, since the bending test did not break, it was set as "measurable". As described above, the thermosetting resin composition of this embodiment has good handleability at room temperature and long life at room temperature, and maintains good physical properties after molding, and is required for industrial use. As a result, it was possible to provide a thermosetting luster composition suitable for a matrix resin of a prepreg capable of high-speed molding.
- the pre-predder of this embodiment enables high-speed molding required for industrial applications while maintaining handleability at room temperature, long life at room temperature, and good physical properties after molding. To do.
- thermosetting resin composition, pre-preda, and the method for producing FRP of this embodiment are all very suitable for high-speed molding, and greatly contribute to the reduction of molding processing cost, which was the biggest disadvantage of FRP. Proved to be something.
- Examples 1 to 20 shown in the first embodiment satisfy the conditions required in the present embodiment. Examples 1 to 20 showed excellent results as described in the example of the first embodiment, whereby the epoxy resin composition and the pre-preda provided by this embodiment were excellent. Proven to have properties. Further, Comparative Examples 1 to 8 shown in the first embodiment do not satisfy the conditions required in this embodiment. For this reason, it was proved that none of Comparative Examples 1 to 8 could exhibit the excellent characteristics as in Examples 1 to 20.
- the epoxy resin composition obtained in Example 3 of the first embodiment was uniformly applied onto release paper at a weight of 26.8 g / m 2 using a simple roll coater to form a resin layer.
- This resin layer was attached to both sides of a sheet material in which carbon fibers (TR50 S, tensile modulus: 240 GPa) manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. were aligned in one direction so that the fiber basis weight was 125 gZm 2 .
- the epoxy resin composition is impregnated into carbon fibers by heating and pressing at 100 ° C with a roller at a linear pressure of 2 kg / 7 cm, and the fiber weight is 125 g / m 2 (resin content is 30 mass%). %) Pre-predator was created.
- the epoxy resin composition obtained in Example 3 was uniformly applied to release paper with a resin weight of 164 gZm 2 using a simple roll coater to form a resin layer.
- This resin layer is woven on a carbon fiber woven fabric TR31 10 (TR30 S3L (3000 filaments), manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) at a weave density of 12.5 pcs / inch (with a basis weight of 200 g / m 2 ) on one side.
- TR31 10 TR30 S3L (3000 filaments), manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.
- the epoxy resin composition is impregnated into the carbon fiber by heating and pressing at 100 ° C with a linear pressure of 2 kg Zcm with a roller, and the fiber weight is 200 gZm 2 (resin content is 45% by mass. ) Was made.
- a 220 X 220 mm mold (a usable mold surface is 210 X 210 mm) with a 1 Omm wide and 3 mm thick butyl rubber packing placed in an L-shape on two of the four sides is 130. Heated to ° C.
- the pre-prepared laminate prepared above was placed at a usable portion of the mold at a distance of 5 mm from the end of the mold or butyl rubber packing. Then, the mold was immediately closed, and a pressure of 10 kg / cm 2 was continuously applied for 15 minutes to obtain an FRP plate material.
- the present embodiment provides a prepreg which can be suitably used for obtaining an FRP plate material and an FR plate material which are suitable as outer plates of transport equipment and industrial machines.
- the part where the upper and lower molds meet when the mold is tightened adopts a sheared edge structure (see Fig. 2).
- the 900 cm 2 mold was heated to 140 ° C. for both the upper and lower molds.
- a pre-prepared sheet TR 390 E 125 S (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) impregnated with an epoxy resin composition in carbon fibers aligned in one direction is cut into 285 X 285 mm, and the orientation of the fibers is 18 sheets (2 mm thick, total volume 162 cm 3 , single-sided surface area 81 2 cm 2 ) were stacked so that 0 ° and 90 ° alternated I prepared something.
- Si / s 2 is a sisZsoo-o.
- the epoxy resin used for the prepreg sheet TR390-125S is an epoxy resin composition corresponding to the epoxy resin composition of the first embodiment, manufactured by the following manufacturing method.
- a molding material a molding material obtained by laminating the molding material used in Example 1 with a carbon fiber-containing epoxy resin SM C Lytex 4149 (manufactured by QUANTUM C OMP OSITES) (one side surface area 812 cm 2 excluding the thickness part) (Total thickness 4 mm, total volume 325 cm 3 ). Si / S 2 is 0.9.
- an FRP made of a substantially continuous reinforcing fiber having high strength and excellent design can be obtained using a compression molding method suitable for mass production. Prove that you can.
- pre-prepared sheet TR 390 E 125 S manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.
- epoxy resin 250 X 25 Cut into Omm and 24 layers (2.6 mm thick, total volume 162 cm 3 , single-sided surface area 625 cm 2 ) laminated so that the fiber orientation direction alternates between 0 ° and 90 ° was molded under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- S 1 / S 2 is
- the fiber orientation was greatly disturbed by the flow of the resin during molding, and particularly the outer periphery was significantly disturbed.
- a pre-prepared sheet TR 390 E 125 S (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) in which carbon fibers impregnated in one direction are impregnated with epoxy resin is cut into 320 x 320 mm, and the orientation direction of the fibers is 0 ° And 90 ° alternately 14 sheets
- the reinforcing fibers constituting the molding material protruded from the mold, and the fibers were dragged, resulting in disordered fiber orientation. For this reason, the obtained molded article was poor in appearance and could not have a smooth surface.
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides a quantitative index, enables short-time curing at a relatively low temperature, has excellent mechanical properties, and has excellent long-term storage at room temperature. Pre-preg and lightweight, high-strength, high-rigidity FRP are easily provided. These are widely applicable from sports and leisure to industrial uses such as automobiles and aircraft.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03811953.3A EP1566394B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCIng FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATERIAL |
ES03811953.3T ES2302980T5 (es) | 2002-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | Procedimientos para la producción de material compuesto reforzado con fibras |
US10/536,275 US7591973B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | Method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material plate |
DE60320134.2T DE60320134T3 (de) | 2002-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | Herstellungsverfahren für faserverstärktes verbundmaterial |
JP2005510293A JP4603978B2 (ja) | 2002-11-28 | 2003-11-28 | 繊維強化複合材料成形品の製造方法 |
US12/056,320 US7959838B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2008-03-27 | Epoxy resin for prepreg, prepreg, fiber-reinforced composite material and methods for production thereof |
US12/056,309 US8470435B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2008-03-27 | Epdxy resin for prepreg, prepreg, fiber-reinforced composite material, and methods for production thereof |
US12/056,315 US8486518B2 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2008-03-27 | Epoxy resin for prepreg, prepreg, and fiber-reinforced composite material and methods for production thereof |
US12/056,312 US20080185753A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2008-03-27 | Epoxy resin for prepreg, prepreg, fiber-reinforced composite material, and processes for producing these |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2002-346198 | 2002-11-28 | ||
JP2002346198 | 2002-11-28 | ||
JP2002-347650 | 2002-11-29 | ||
JP2002347650 | 2002-11-29 | ||
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080185757A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
EP1566394B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
DE60320134T2 (de) | 2009-05-20 |
US7959838B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
US20080187718A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
JP4603978B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 |
DE60320134T3 (de) | 2015-12-24 |
JPWO2004048435A1 (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
JP2010070771A (ja) | 2010-04-02 |
US8486518B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
ES2302980T5 (es) | 2015-12-01 |
EP1566394A1 (en) | 2005-08-24 |
EP1566394A4 (en) | 2007-04-04 |
DE60320134D1 (de) | 2008-05-15 |
US20060035088A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
US7591973B2 (en) | 2009-09-22 |
US8470435B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
US20080185753A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
ES2302980T3 (es) | 2008-08-01 |
EP1566394B1 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
US20090202832A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
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