JP2018507795A - 繊維強化複合成形品の製造方法、繊維強化複合成形品、およびそれらの使用 - Google Patents
繊維強化複合成形品の製造方法、繊維強化複合成形品、およびそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018507795A JP2018507795A JP2017534593A JP2017534593A JP2018507795A JP 2018507795 A JP2018507795 A JP 2018507795A JP 2017534593 A JP2017534593 A JP 2017534593A JP 2017534593 A JP2017534593 A JP 2017534593A JP 2018507795 A JP2018507795 A JP 2018507795A
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- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1CCC(N)CC1 VKIRRGRTJUUZHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZMVMYBGDGJLCHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-4-[[4-(methylamino)phenyl]methyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(NC)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(NC)C=C1 ZMVMYBGDGJLCHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/0038—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with sealing means or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/006—Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding
- B29C37/0064—Degassing moulding material or draining off gas during moulding of reinforced material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/3607—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles with sealing means or the like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/467—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements during mould closing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/10—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated venting means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2301/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as reinforcement
- B29K2301/10—Thermosetting resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
HP−RTMの場合、反応性樹脂系を、繊維スタックを介して高圧で(一般には50〜150バール)密閉金型中に射出し、一般にはこれに真空圧を加える。高い射出成形圧の下で金型が開かないように、通常は金型を強力な縦プレス中に配置する。材料のゲル化が起こるまで圧力を加え、これが硬化時に起こる樹脂収縮を補償する。繊維スタック上に直接射出すると、繊維の移動と位置合わせ不良〔繊維ずれ(fiber wash)として知られている〕を引き起こすことがあり、このことが複合成形品の機械的特性の低下につながることがある。この影響をできるだけ抑えるために、繊維スタックを、予備成形として知られているプロセスにおいてある程度接着する、というのが通常のやり方である。しかしながら、予備成形された繊維を使用することは、追加の製造工程が必要となり、従ってさらなるコストアップを招く。
(a) 上部ダイ(11)と下部ダイ(12)を含む金型を準備する工程、ここで下部ダイ(12)が、成形面と垂直に延びた側壁(14)を有し、上部ダイ(11)が、補完的な成形面と、下部ダイの側壁とほぼ合うようにされた垂直に延びた側壁(13)を有し、従って上部ダイが下部ダイに垂直に移動して、金型の部分的および完全に閉じられた位置にてキャビティ(17)を形成し、このとき部分的に閉じられた位置でのキャビティ(17)が、上部ダイ(11)または下部ダイ(12)の垂直に延びた側壁のまわりに、そして上部ダイ(11)の移動方向に対して水平に配置された少なくとも1つのシール(15)によって真空気密に密閉され、さらに少なくとも1つのシール(15)が、樹脂の漏出を防止する樹脂保持シールとして作用する;
(b) 熱硬化性樹脂組成物を繊維強化材に適用し、こうして処理した繊維強化材を金型の下部ダイ(12)中に配置する工程;
(c) または繊維強化材を金型の下部ダイ(12)中に配置し、繊維強化材に熱硬化性樹脂組成物を適用する工程;
(d) 上部ダイ(11)を下部ダイ(12)中に移動させ、金型を部分的に閉じる工程;
(e) 部分的に閉じられた位置での金型を、真空吸込接続口によって0.1〜100ミリバールの圧力にまで脱気する工程;
(f) 金型を完全に閉じ、樹脂処理した強化材に2〜100バールの油圧を加えて繊維強化材の含浸を完全なものにする工程;
(g) 樹脂含浸した強化材を硬化させる工程;および
(h) 硬化複合成形品を脱型する工程。
本発明の好ましい実施態様では、工程fにおける樹脂含浸強化材に加える油圧が2〜75バール(特に10〜50バール)である。本発明の文脈における油圧は、プレス力を加えた時に液体樹脂に加わる圧力を意味する。
さらに、本発明のプロセスでは、それほど複雑ではない機械構成が適用可能である。なぜなら、閉じられた金型が、高い樹脂射出圧力に耐える必要がない(すなわち、金型キャビティが高い射出圧力で開いてしまうのを防ぐための強力な縦プレスが必要とされない)からである。
繊維強化材の湿潤は、例えば、繊維強化材の表面を樹脂で湿潤させることが可能なプロセス〔例えば、ドーシング(dosing)、キャスティング、注入成形、カーテンコーティング、ローラーコーティング、または噴霧塗布〕によって、自動化されたプロセスにて行うのが有利である。こうしたプロセスはそれ自体、例えば織物繊維加工分野の当業者に知られている。
真空補助液体圧縮成形では、一般に、金型の周りに外部真空チャンバーが造られる。外部真空チャンバーは、一般にはかさばっており、これによって達成できる真空度は、欠陥の無い外観もしくは表面品質をもった高品質複合成形品の製造を可能にするには不十分な場合がある。
ここで使用されるエポキシ樹脂(A)は、1分子当たり少なくとも2.0エポキシ基の平均官能価を有する少なくとも1種の化合物、または1分子当たり少なくとも2.0エポキシ基の平均官能価を有する化合物の混合物を含む。エポキシ樹脂またはそれらの混合物は、1分子当たり最高で4.0エポキシ基の平均官能基を有してよい。エポキシ樹脂またはそれらの混合物は、1分子当たり2.0〜3.0エポキシ基の平均官能基を有するのが好ましい。
本発明の好ましい実施態様では、基が上記の意味と選好を有する場合の、式(1)で示される多価フェノールのジグリシジルエーテルが使用される。エポキシ樹脂(A)は、特にビスフェノールAまたはビスフェノールFのジグリシジルエーテルである。
本発明はさらに、消費財(例えば、コンピュータケースやラゲッジケース)を製造するために、あるいは大量輸送車両の製造において(特に、自動車産業や航空宇宙産業において)本発明のプロセスに従って得られる複合成形品を使用することに関する。
5. 必要とされる真空が達成されたら、金型を完全に閉じる(図3bを参照)。
図1〜2は、金型キャビティ(17)を形成する上部ダイ(11)と下部ダイ(12)、内部真空チャンバーをつくり出すためのシール(15)を有する垂直に延びた壁(13)と(14)、および液体樹脂を保持するためのさらなるシール(15b)を含む、本発明に従って使用される金型の例を示す。図1は、部分的に閉じられた位置での金型を示しており、真空シール(15)が、下部ダイ(14)の垂直に延びた壁と接触している。図2は、完全に閉じられた位置での金型を示しており、真空シール(15)が金型キャビティを効果的に密閉し、樹脂保持シール(15b)が樹脂の漏出を防ぐ。
12 下部ダイ
13 垂直に延びた側壁
14 垂直に延びた側壁
15 シール
15b シール
16 真空吸込接続口
17 金型キャビティ
18 数度の角度にて傾斜させた特定の限定部位
19 一定厚さの傾斜形状
Claims (12)
- (a) 上部ダイ(11)と下部ダイ(12)を含む金型を準備する工程、ここで、下部ダイ(12)は、成形面と垂直に延びた側壁(14)とを有し、上部ダイ(11)は、補完的な成形面と、下部ダイの側壁とほぼ合うようにされた垂直に延びた側壁(13)と、を有しているため、上部ダイが下部ダイに垂直に移動して、金型の部分的および完全に閉じられた位置にてキャビティ(17)を形成し、このとき部分的に閉じられた位置でのキャビティ(17)が、上部ダイ(11)または下部ダイ(12)の垂直に延びた側壁のまわりに、そして上部ダイ(11)の移動方向に対して水平に配置された少なくとも1つのシール(15)によって真空気密に密閉され、少なくとも1つのシール(15)が、樹脂の漏出を防止する樹脂保持シールとしても機能する;
(b) 熱硬化性樹脂組成物を繊維強化材に適用し、こうして処理した繊維強化材を金型の下部ダイ(12)中に配置する工程;または、
(c) 繊維強化材を金型の下部ダイ(12)中に配置し、繊維強化材に熱硬化性樹脂組成物を適用する工程;
(d) 上部ダイ(11)を下部ダイ(12)中に移動させ、金型を部分的に閉じる工程;
(e) 部分的に閉じられた位置での金型を、真空吸込接続口によって0.1〜100ミリバールの圧力にまで脱気する工程;
(f) 金型を完全に閉じ、樹脂処理した強化材に2〜100バールの油圧を加えて繊維強化材の含浸を完全なものにする工程;
(g) 樹脂含浸した強化材を硬化させる工程;および
(h) 硬化複合成形品を脱型する工程;
を含む、繊維強化複合成形品の製造方法。 - 工程eにおける部分的に閉じられた位置での金型を、0.1〜50ミリバール、特に0.1〜10ミリバールの圧力にまで脱気する、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 工程fにおける樹脂処理した強化材に加える油圧が、2〜75バール、好ましくは10〜50バールである、請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 工程gにおける樹脂含浸強化材の硬化が、50〜200℃の温度、好ましくは100〜150℃の温度にて等温条件下で行われる、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 製造される複合成形品が、繊維と樹脂を足した複合成形品の全体積を基準として50%以上の繊維体積分率を有する、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 金型の部分的および完全に閉じられた位置においてキャビティの真空気密をもたらすために、少なくとも2つのシール(15)と(15b)が、上部ダイ(11)の垂直に延びた壁の周りに、その移動方向に対して水平に、互いにほぼ平行に整列して配置される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 熱硬化性樹脂組成物が成形温度にて液体である、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 熱硬化性樹脂組成物が、成形温度にて0.1〜10000mパスカル秒、好ましくは0.1〜100mパスカル秒の粘度を有する、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- 熱硬化性樹脂組成物が、エポキシ樹脂(A)を含むエポキシ樹脂組成物である、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- エポキシ樹脂(A)が、ビスフェノールAまたはビスフェノールFのジグリシジルエーテルである、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法によって得られる複合成形品。
- 特に自動車産業および航空宇宙産業における消費財や大量輸送車両の製造のための、請求項11に従った複合成形品の使用。
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