US20080255400A1 - Hydrotalcite-Like Substance, Process for Producing the Same and Method of Immobilizing Hazardous Substance - Google Patents

Hydrotalcite-Like Substance, Process for Producing the Same and Method of Immobilizing Hazardous Substance Download PDF

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US20080255400A1
US20080255400A1 US10/597,380 US59738008A US2008255400A1 US 20080255400 A1 US20080255400 A1 US 20080255400A1 US 59738008 A US59738008 A US 59738008A US 2008255400 A1 US2008255400 A1 US 2008255400A1
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hydrotalcite
substance
aluminum
ions
magnesium
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Atsushi Yamazaki
Mai Takahashi
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Waseda University
JDC Corp
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Waseda University
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Assigned to WASEDA UNIVERSITY, JDC CORPORATION reassignment WASEDA UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: TAKAHASHI, MAI, YAMAZAKI, ATSUSHI
Publication of US20080255400A1 publication Critical patent/US20080255400A1/en
Priority to US13/867,774 priority Critical patent/US20130267754A1/en
Priority to US14/052,400 priority patent/US9216310B2/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
    • A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
    • A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/165—Natural alumino-silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J41/00—Anion exchange; Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
    • B01J41/08—Use of material as anion exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the anion exchange properties
    • B01J41/10—Inorganic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
    • B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
    • C01F7/78—Compounds containing aluminium and two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen and hydrogen
    • C01F7/784—Layered double hydroxide, e.g. comprising nitrate, sulfate or carbonate ions as intercalating anions
    • C01F7/785—Hydrotalcite
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/42—Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/20—Two-dimensional structures
    • C01P2002/22—Two-dimensional structures layered hydroxide-type, e.g. of the hydrotalcite-type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/60—Compounds characterised by their crystallite size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/78—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by stacking-plane distances or stacking sequences
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydrotalcite-like substance, a process for producing the same and a method of immobilizing hazardous substance.
  • Hydrotalcite which is a kind of naturally-occurring layered clay mineral, is mainly comprised of hydroxides of elements that exist naturally abundantly, such as magnesium and aluminum, and the synthesis thereof is capable of being performed comparatively easily. Accordingly, various synthesizing methods have heretofore been disclosed.
  • a patent document 1 discloses a method of producing a hydrotalcite in a water solvent, using magnesium hydroxide as a source of magnesium, while a patent document 2 discloses a method of allowing magnesium ion to react with aluminum ion in a solution under the presence of alkali.
  • a hydrotalcite has an anion exchange property, and thus it is expected that a hydrotalcite will be able to make a contribution to: water quality improvement of contaminated water, elution prevention of hazardous substances; improvement of soil quality; and promotion of stabilization of hazardous substances in a waste repository etc., in the fields of the safety improvement techniques of wastes and the detoxification and environment improvement techniques, if immobilization of anionic hazardous substances such as arsenic, fluoride, boron, selenium, sexavalent chrome, nitrite ion, and etc. is possible by taking advantage of such anion exchange property.
  • Patent document 1
  • Patent document 2
  • an object of the present invention to provide a hydrotalcite-like substance which ensures so high an anion adsorption effect that ion exchange against a target anion may occur.
  • the inventors of the present invention have studied a process for controlling or inhibiting the growth of crystal when synthesizing a hydrotalcite by mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution, although a highly crystalline hydrotalcite has conventionally been produced by leaving it unattended through “ageing” to thereby grow the crystals.
  • a hydrotalcite-like substance having a 20 nm or less crystallite size can be obtained by additional water removal or neutralization process, without ageing. The present invention has been made based on this finding.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that it is synthesized by mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing alkalis, and then subjecting the same to water removal or neutralization process, without ageing, so as to have a crystallite size (grain size) of 20 nm or less.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that it has an average crystallite size of 10 nm or less.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that a basal spacing thereof is 0.85 nm or more in a nitric acid type, while 0.78 nm or more in a carbonic acid type and a chlorine type.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that it enables simultaneous anion adsorption or anion exchange under the co-presence of carbonate ions.
  • a process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing alkalis to produce a hydrotalcite-like substance; and then subjecting the hydrotalcite-like substance thus produced to water removal or neutralization process without ageing.
  • the process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that a molar ratio of said aluminum ions to said magnesium ions is in a range of from 1:5 to 1:2.
  • the process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that said acidic solution contains aluminum compound and/or magnesium compound that are/is not dissolved therein.
  • the process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that at least one selected from a group consisting of alumina, sodium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, bauxite, residue left after producing alumina from bauxite and aluminum sludge is used as an aluminum source of said aluminum ions.
  • the process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that a least one selected from a group consisting of brucite, magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesite and calcined magnesite is used as a magnesium source of said magnesium ions.
  • the process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that at least one selected from a group consisting of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lime and solidification material for cement is used as said alkalis.
  • the process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that neither said acidic solution nor said alkaline solution contains carbonate ions.
  • the process for producing a hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is characterized in that said acidic solution is mixed with said alkaline solution at 100 degrees C. or lower.
  • a process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that the process comprises the step of adding a hydrotalcite-like substance to an object to be immobilized in a manner that the synthesis of the hydrotalcite-like substance occurs directly on the object to be immobilized through the mixing of an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing alkalis, and the subsequent water removal therefrom or neutralization process applied thereto.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that said hydrotalcite-like substance is added to the object to be immobilized after adding alkalis to the object.
  • Another process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that the process comprises the step of adding to an object to be immobilized an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions, while mixing with alkalis.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that a molar ratio of said aluminum ions to said magnesium ions is in a range of from 1:5 to 1:2.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that said acidic solution contains aluminum compound and/or magnesium compound that are/is not dissolved therein.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that at least one selected from a group consisting of alumina sodium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, bauxite, residue left after producing alumina from bauxite and aluminum sludge is used as an aluminum source of said aluminum ions.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that at least one selected from a group consisting of brucite, magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesite and calcined magnesite is used as a magnesium source of said magnesium ions.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that at least one selected from a group consisting of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, line and solidification material for cement is used as said alkalis.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that zeolite and/or bentonite are/is used together with said hydrotalcite-like substance.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that the object to be immobilized is a contaminated soil polluted with a hazardous substance, wastes containing contaminated water or hazardous substances, leachate thereof and the like, and said hydrotalcite-like substance is added to the contaminated soil or wastes together with zeolite and/or bentonite.
  • the process for immobilizing a hazardous substance of the present invention is characterized in that said contaminated soil is covered with a filter layer of zeolite and/or bentonite, and another filter layer of said hydrotalcite-like substance.
  • An adsorbent of the present invention is characterized in that zeolite and/or bentonite are/is used together with said hydrotalcite-like substance.
  • hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention anion adsorption effect is enhanced and thus ion exchange against target anions can be achieved.
  • hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention it is possible to produce a hydrotalcite-like substance having a small crystallite size, a large basal spacing, low anion selectivity and thus excellent anion exchange capacity.
  • anion exchange is allowed to occur between the hydrotalcite-like substance and a target object, thus enabling a hazardous substance to be immobilized.
  • anion exchange is allowed to occur between the hydrotalcite-like substance and a target object, thus enabling a hazardous substance to be adsorbed.
  • anion exchange is allowed to occur between the hydrotalcite-like substance and a target object, thus enabling a hazardous substance to be adsorbed and immobilized.
  • FIG. 1 is an XRD pattern showing a measurement result of X ray diffraction in accordance with an example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 are XRD patterns showing respective measurement results of X ray diffraction in the example of FIG. 1 and a comparative example, where the ageing of the example advanced to some extent.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing results of adsorption tests which were carried out relative to a mixed solution of various anionic species, using a hydrotalcite-like substance according to the example of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing results of chromium ion adsorption tests performed, using the hydrotalcite-like substance of the example and competitor's ones.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing a result of a boron ion adsorption test performed, using the hydrotalcite-like substance of the example and the competitor's ones.
  • FIG. 6 is a graph showing a result of a fluoride ion adsorption test performed, using the hydrotalcite-like substance of the example and the competitor's ones.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph showing a result of a test performed to see whether boron adsorbability varies depending on the absence or presence of carbonic acid.
  • thermotalcite-like substance and a process for producing the same in accordance with an example of the present invention will be explained hereafter.
  • temperature is kept at 80 degrees C. or less in all the processes in this example, temperature conditions are not limited thereto, but should just be about 100 degrees C. or lower.
  • an aluminum source of aluminum ions it is not limited to a specific substance as long as it can generate aluminum ions underwater.
  • alumina, sodium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, bauxite, residue left after producing alumina from bauxite, aluminum sludge, etc. may be used.
  • These aluminum sources may be used either independently or in combination with one or more other sources.
  • magnesium source of magnesium ions it is not limited to a specific substance as long as it can generate magnesium ions underwater.
  • brucite, magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesite, and calcined magnesite etc. can be used.
  • These magnesium sources may be used either independently or in combination with one or more other sources.
  • nitric acid or hydrochloric acid it is preferable to use nitric acid or hydrochloric acid in order to acidify the solution.
  • said acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions is mixed with an alkaline solution containing alkalis.
  • the alkaline solution may have a pH of 8-11.
  • a hydrotalcite-like substance with small crystallite size i.e., grain size
  • the solution becomes colloidal at the time of mixing.
  • the acidic solution may be mixed with the alkaline solution at once, or otherwise, the former may be delivered by drops into the latter. It is to be noted that they may be mixed with each other through any other suitable methods.
  • the alkali to be contained in the alkaline solution it is not limited to a specific substance as long as it can make the solution alkaline.
  • sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lime, and solidification material for cement etc. can be used.
  • sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, ammonia water, sodium borate, potassium borate etc. may be used.
  • These alkalis may be used either independently or in combination with one or more other sources.
  • the said acidic solution and alkaline solution contain no carbonate ions in order to achieve efficient ion exchange against target anions.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance is produced by mixing the acidic solution with the alkaline solution, which is then subjected to water removal or neutralization process without performing ageing.
  • water removal or neutralization process without performing ageing means that removal of water or neutralization is carried out immediately upon completion of the mixing of the acidic solution with the alkaline solution.
  • ordinary methods such as suction filtration, centrifugal separation or separation of supernatant solution.
  • hydrotalcite-like substance is neutralized substantially by removing water.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance immediately after removing water is turned into a gel state, it may further undergo a drying process so as to be turned into a powder. It is to be noted that the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention has a good anion adsorption effect, whether in such a gel state or in such a powder state.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance after removing water may be washed.
  • ageing of hydrotalcite-like substance proceeds only in an alkaline solution.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance thus obtained in accordance with the present invention has a crystallite size of 20 nm or less, which is 10 nm on average.
  • a crystallite size more than 20 nm leads to a sudden decrease in anion exchange capacity serving as an anion (except for carbonate ion) adsorption effect
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention having a crystallite size of 20 nm or less, and an average crystallite size of 10 nm or less, indicates high anion exchange capacity.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the preset invention is allowed to have an average crystallite size of 10 nm or less, and a basal spacing of 0.85 nm or more with a nitric acid type, and 0.78 nm or more with a carbonic acid type and a chlorine type.
  • FIG. 1 it is an XRD pattern showing a measurement result of X ray diffraction of the hydrotalcite-like substance according to the present example of the invention.
  • the crystallite sizes determined from the Scherrer's equation, using those results are shown in Table 1.
  • the commercially available hydrotalcite products as the comparative examples have a crystallite size greater than 20 nm, while the ones obtained by the present example have an average crystallite size as small as 10 nm or less.
  • the basal spacing it was determined from the Bragg equation, using 20 (theta) value at the peak where 20 appeared at the lowest angle. As a result, it was confirmed that the basal spacing was 0.875 nm in the example 1.
  • the term “basal spacing” is one used in crystallography and mineralogy that denotes a unit thickness or a cycle of a crystal perpendicular to a plate surface in the case of a plate crystal.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention is synthesized by mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing alkalis, and then subjecting the obtained mixture to water removing process or neutralization process, without performing ageing, thereby resulting in a crystallite size of 20 nm or less and thus a large total surface area of a crystal, thereby obtaining the one having an excellent anion exchange capacity.
  • the method of producing the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present invention includes the steps of synthesizing a hydrotalcite-like substance by mixing an acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with an alkaline solution containing alkalis; and then subjecting the obtained hydrotalcite-like substance to water removing process or neutralization process, without performing ageing.
  • hydrotalcite-like substance having a small crystallite size and a large basal spacing. Due to the crystallite size being as small as 20 nm or less, and the average crystallite size being as small as 10 nm or less, the resultant total surface area of the crystal becomes large, thus obtaining the hydrotalcite-like substance having excellent anion exchange capacity.
  • hydrotalcite-like substance advantageously in terms of mass balance, without wasting aluminum sources and magnesium sources if the molar ratio of aluminum ions to magnesium ions is in a range of from 1:5 to 1:2.
  • said acidic solution may contain aluminum compound and/or magnesium compound that are/is not dissolved there.
  • an aluminum source of aluminum ions may be used at least one selected from a group consisting of alumina, sodium aluminate, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum chloride, aluminum nitrate, bauxite, residue left after producing alumina from bauxite and aluminum sludge.
  • magnesium source of magnesium ions may be used one or more materials selected from a group consisting of brucite, magnesium chloride, magnesium hydroxide, magnesite and calcined magnesite.
  • an alkali at least one of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, lime and solidification material for cement may be used.
  • ion exchange can be efficiently carried out against target anions without causing ion exchange preferentially against carbonate ions, due to said acidic solution and said alkaline solution containing no carbonate ions.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present example has a wide stability region relative to pH ranging from 2.5 to 12, and different types of hydrotalcite-like substances are produced, according to a type of acid to be used, such as a nitric acid type, a carbonic acid type, a hydrochloric acid type, and a sulfuric acid type, and the like. Nevertheless, the fundamental ion exchange capacity tends to be unchanged.
  • FIG. 2 shows the result of X ray diffraction measurement of the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present example and a commercialized product as a comparative example.
  • the result shows that the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present example is featured by very few peaks of impurities such as chloride, while a number of impurity peaks are observed in the comparative example, particularly in a range of from 30 to 60 degrees through the X ray diffraction. This result proves that the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present example contains few impurities.
  • hydrotalcite-like substance produced by the method of the present invention there can be obtained a hydrotalcite-like substance of substantially constant quality, regardless of which specific aluminum and/or magnesium sources are used. This is attributed to the fact that the quantity of the impurities mixed at the time of crystal growth is decreased due to the ageing being not performed, as is shown in the above-mentioned data, and the impurities in the solutions are separated from the hydrotalcite-like substance together with water at the time of water removing process.
  • FIG. 3 shows the result of measurement of concentrations of various anionic species in a nitrate, using a spectrophotometer and ICP, in which a 100 ml mixed solution sample adjusted so that the concentrations of various anionic ions (F: fluoride, B: boron, Cr: chromium, Se: selenium, As: arsenic) may be 1 m mol/L, respectively, was prepared, and then subjected to a series of processing consisting of adding 1 g of a powder sample of the hydrotalcite-like substance produced according to the present example, agitating the same for 10 minutes with a magnetic stirrer, and then filtering the same. The concentrations before the processing are shown on the left-hand side while the concentrations after the processing on the right-hand side for each anion.
  • F fluoride
  • B boron
  • Cr chromium
  • Se selenium
  • FIGS. 4 through 6 are graphical representations of test results in which 100 ml sample solutions adjusted so as to contain chromium ions (Cr) of 50 ppm, boron ions of 100 ppm, and fluoride ions of 80 ppm, at initial concentrations, respectively, were prepared, and then 1 g of the powder sample of the hydrotalcite-like substance produced according to the present example, competitor's product X or other competitor's product Y was added to each sample, which was then sired for 10 minutes by a magnetic stirrer, and filtered
  • a horizontal axis in each graph denotes a stirring time, while a vertical axis therein denotes a concentration (ppm) in FIGS. 4 (A), 5 (A) and 6 (A), and a rate of adsorption (%) in FIG. 4 (B), FIG. 5 (B) and FIG. 6 (B), respectively.
  • a rate of adsorption of fluoride ion was 0% after stirring for 60 minutes in the competitor's product X while 30.1% in other competitor's product Y. According to the hydrotalcite-like substance of the present example, however, it was about as high as 79.1% after stirring for 60 minutes.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the example has a remarkable adsorption effect beyond the effect by ion selectivity against any anion including boron ions as compared with the conventional hydrotalcite products that have been marketed in the past.
  • This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the following two conditions: one is the crystalline size of the hydrotalcite-like substance being as small as in the nano order; the other is the large basal spacing. Owing to the effect, incomparable anion and cation adsorption capacities can be obtained.
  • Table 3 shows a result of water analysis of the wastewater actually used as a sample, in which boron concentration was 130 mg/L, while total carbonic acid concentration was 62 mg/L.
  • the above-mentioned waste water was diluted with distilled water, and the concentration of boron was adjusted to about 10 mg/L.
  • the diluted waste water was made acidic to have a pH of 2, and deaeration process was performed for 10 minutes, and thus carbonic acid was removed.
  • the second sample such deaeration process was not performed.
  • pH of each sample was adjusted to 10, while the hydrotalcite-like substance of 1000 mg/L or 2000 mg/L was added thereto, which were then agitated by a stirrer for 60 minutes, and filtered through a filter paper No. 5 to thereby obtain treated water.
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of the results shown in Table 4. As shown in Table 4 and FIG. 7 , no difference in boron adsorption property was seen between a decarbonized boron solution and a non-decarbonized one. Thus, it was proved that the presence of carbonic acid does not affect the adsorption property of the hydrotalcite-like substance.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance is used in such a manner that if it is in a slurry form obtained by for example dispersing in water, it is pushed out toward the target object containing a hazardous substance, using a manual or a pressure pump, or others means.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance that is dried and reduced to powder may be used in such a manner that it is pushed out toward the target object containing a hazardous substance, using a manual or a pressure pump, or others means.
  • the present example of the invention is such that a hydrotalcite-like substance is synthesized by mixing the acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions with the alkaline solution containing alkali, and then it is subjected to water removal or neutralization process without ageing; and the hydrotalcite-like substance thus obtained is directly added to a target object.
  • alkali may be added to the target object beforehand, and then the hydrotalcite-like substance of the first example may be added thereto.
  • alkali in advance, it is possible to prevent the decomposition of the hydrotalcite-like substance in the case that the target object is acidic and contacts the hydrotalcite-like substance.
  • the method of immobilizing a hazardous substance in accordance with the third example of the invention proposes pour the acidic solution containing aluminum ions and magnesium ions used in the foregoing examples into a target object while mixing the same with alkali.
  • the method according to the present example is applicable to a target object containing hazardous substances, such as soil that has already underwent solidification treatment with cement etc.
  • the acidic solution and the alkali may be added to a target object by spraying other than by pouring.
  • the method of immobilizing a hazardous substance in accordance with the fourth example of the invention proposes using zeolite and/or bentonite together with the hydrotalcite-like substance produced in the foregoing examples.
  • Anions of the hazardous substance are immobilized by the hydrotalcite-like substance, while cations thereof are immobilized by the zeolite and/or bentonite added, so that the anions and cations of the hazardous substance can be both removed, thus making it possible to contribute to detoxication and stabilization of hazardous substances, such as refuse incineration ashes.
  • zeolite and/or bentonite is capable of maintaining a weak alkali atmosphere, it is also possible to mike a contribution to stabilization of the hydrotalcite-like substance.
  • the hydrotalcite-like substance of the invention may be added to this contaminated soil together with zeolite and/or bentonite. As for the manner of addition, they may be mixed with water and then a mixture thus obtained may be either poured into or sprayed to the contaminated soil. Further, if a target object is refuse incineration ashes or the like containing a hazardous substance, the hydrotalcite-like substance of the invention may be added thereto together with zeolite and/or bentonite.
  • the soil may be covered with a layer of zeolite and/or bentonite, and another layer of earth and sand containing the hydrotalcite-like substance of the invention, whereby the soil may be covered with a soil filter containing zeolite and/or bentonite, and further with another soil filter containing the hydrotalcite-like substance, thereby enabling anions of hazardous substances deposited on the soil from above together with rain or the like to be immobilized by the filter containing the hydrotalcite like substance, and then cations thereof to be immobilized by the filter containing zeolite and/or bentonite.
  • the present invention should not be limited to the foregoing method of producing the hydrotalcite-like substance and the method of immobilizing a hazardous substance, but various changes and modifications should be construed as being included therein unless such changes and modifications depart from the scope of the invention.

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US20030114699A1 (en) * 2001-08-23 2003-06-19 Aristech Chemical Corporation Novel hydrotalcites, syntheses, and uses
US7022302B2 (en) * 2002-12-23 2006-04-04 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research Process for preparing hydrotalcite and brucite type posite charged layers

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US20100075847A1 (en) * 2006-07-31 2010-03-25 Jdc Corporation Hydrotalcite-like Particulate Material and Method for Production Thereof
US9718698B2 (en) * 2006-07-31 2017-08-01 Jdc Corporation Hydrotalcite-like particulate material and method for production thereof
JP2013000624A (ja) * 2011-06-14 2013-01-07 Kasai:Kk ホウ素吸着剤及びその製造方法
CN102702572A (zh) * 2012-06-05 2012-10-03 湖北鑫海新材料科技有限公司 用天然白云岩制备的类水滑石-纳米碳酸钙梯度阻燃材料及方法
CN103752597A (zh) * 2014-02-13 2014-04-30 南京农业大学 一种利用固定剂增效热处理土壤中重金属的方法
CN116354383A (zh) * 2023-03-28 2023-06-30 广东省科学院工业分析检测中心 一种水滑石的制备方法

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US20140039236A1 (en) 2014-02-06
KR20060130644A (ko) 2006-12-19
US20130267754A1 (en) 2013-10-10
WO2005087664A1 (ja) 2005-09-22
CN1922108A (zh) 2007-02-28
US9216310B2 (en) 2015-12-22
KR101169481B1 (ko) 2012-07-27
KR20120057651A (ko) 2012-06-05
CN100503441C (zh) 2009-06-24

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