TWI606996B - 用於電子裝置之材料 - Google Patents
用於電子裝置之材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI606996B TWI606996B TW103115810A TW103115810A TWI606996B TW I606996 B TWI606996 B TW I606996B TW 103115810 A TW103115810 A TW 103115810A TW 103115810 A TW103115810 A TW 103115810A TW I606996 B TWI606996 B TW I606996B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 164
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 96
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 34
- -1 benzoanene Chemical compound 0.000 description 22
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benz[a]pyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 FMMWHPNWAFZXNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-acid Natural products C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(II) acetate Substances [Pd].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O LXNAVEXFUKBNMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910017107 AlOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical group N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chrysene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C=CC3=C21 WDECIBYCCFPHNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 IYYZUPMFVPLQIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthene Chemical compound C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=NC2=C1 RDOWQLZANAYVLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-benzoquinone Natural products O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;phosphate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RMNIZOOYFMNEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C[C-]1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZPYGQFFRCFCPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1 BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SN=NC2=C1 FNQJDLTXOVEEFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1 UGUHFDPGDQDVGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazole Chemical compound C=1N=CSN=1 YGTAZGSLCXNBQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UDGKZGLPXCRRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,5-thiadiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSN=1 UDGKZGLPXCRRAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRANPJDWHYRCER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diazepine Chemical compound N1C=CC=CC=N1 LRANPJDWHYRCER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=NN=CS1 MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUVIRKAVBZITDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromonaphthalene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(Br)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 VUVIRKAVBZITDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- USYCQABRSUEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-benzo[f]benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(NC=N3)C3=CC2=C1 USYCQABRSUEURP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SBPIDKODQVLBGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole;pyridine Chemical compound C1=CNC=N1.C1=CC=NC=C1 SBPIDKODQVLBGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHQIZLXEJZNBQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-inden-1-amine Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(N)C=CC2=C1 MHQIZLXEJZNBQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZZZABOKJQXEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 CZZZABOKJQXEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=COC=C21 UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CSC=C21 LYTMVABTDYMBQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHIITNFQDPFSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 25,26,27,28-tetrazahexacyclo[16.6.1.13,6.18,11.113,16.019,24]octacosa-1(25),2,4,6,8(27),9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23-tridecaene Chemical compound N1C(C=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C=C3NC(=C4)C=C3)=N2)=CC=C1C=C1C=CC4=N1 MHIITNFQDPFSES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 GZVHEAJQGPRDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVRUUKUYNQOKBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-azapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.05,9.015,20]icosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19-decaene Chemical group C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C=C1C2=CC=C2C=CN=C21 KVRUUKUYNQOKBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005964 Acibenzolar-S-methyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LTEQMZWBSYACLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYURIWZKQOZGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1=COC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C=C2.C2=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C21 Chemical compound N1=COC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C=C2.C2=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C21 LYURIWZKQOZGDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVBBVTKKBJWGAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N NN.C1=CC=C2C=CC=3C=CC=C4C5=C(C1=C2C43)C=CC=C5 Chemical compound NN.C1=CC=C2C=CC=3C=CC=C4C5=C(C1=C2C43)C=CC=C5 QVBBVTKKBJWGAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 PWATWSYOIIXYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001827 mesitylenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C(C(*)=C(C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005244 neohexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylbenzene Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
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- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenetole Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 DLRJIFUOBPOJNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003413 spiro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006836 terphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004001 thioalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007832 transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003960 triphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N truxene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C2=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C2)=C1C1=C3CC2=CC=CC=C21 YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
- C07C1/30—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms by splitting-off the elements of hydrogen halide from a single molecule
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- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/62—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with more than three condensed rings
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- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/72—Spiro hydrocarbons
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- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
- C07C17/206—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX
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- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
- C07C17/263—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by condensation reactions
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- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms
- C07C209/10—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings or from amines having nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/61—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings
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- C07C22/02—Cyclic compounds containing halogen atoms bound to an acyclic carbon atom having unsaturation in the rings
- C07C22/04—Cyclic compounds containing halogen atoms bound to an acyclic carbon atom having unsaturation in the rings containing six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C22/08—Cyclic compounds containing halogen atoms bound to an acyclic carbon atom having unsaturation in the rings containing six-membered aromatic rings containing fluorine
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- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
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- C07C255/50—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C255/51—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings containing at least two cyano groups bound to the carbon skeleton
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- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
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- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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Description
本案關於一種下式(I)之化合物及其於電子裝置(特別是有機電子裝置(OLED))之用途。本發明亦關於包含式(I)之化合物之電子裝置的某些具體實例,及製備式(I)之化合物之方法。
根據本發明,術語電子裝置通常意指包含有機材料之電子裝置。其較佳意指OLED。
OLED之一般構造及功能原則為熟習該項技術者已知且描述(特別是)於US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461及WO 1998/27136中。
關於電子裝置的性能數據必需進一步改良,特別是考慮到廣泛的商業用途,例如在顯示器中或作為光源。在此方面特別重要的是電子裝置的壽命、效率和操作電壓以及所達成的色值。特別是在發藍光OLED的情況下,可能改良關於裝置的壽命和發光所達成的色值。
達成上述改良的一個重要出發點為選擇電子裝置中所
採用的發光化合物。在先前技術中,多種化合物(特別是具有茚并茀基本結構之芳基胺)係記載作為發藍光之化合物。其實例為苯并茚并茀胺,例如根據WO 2008/006449和WO 2007/140847。
作為用於發光層之不發光的化合物(基質化合物),先前技術特別揭露蒽化合物,如例如WO 2008/145239和WO 2009/100925中所述。再者,苯并茚并茀(benzindenofluorene)化合物被揭示用於此用途,例如於上述申請案WO 2008/006449和WO 2007/140847中。
先前技術亦特別說明具有茚并茀基本結構之化合物作為用於電洞傳輸或電洞注入層的化合物,例如於WO 2006/108497、WO 2006/122630、和WO 2009/141026中。
然而,對於使用於電子裝置之新穎化合物仍有需求。特別地,對於可達成電子裝置的極佳性能數據之化合物的需求。在此應強調特別低的操作電壓、長壽命、高功率效率和發光的適當色坐標。
在使用於電子裝置之新穎化合物的研究中,現已意外地發現:具有雙茚并茀(bisindenofluorene)基本結構之式(I)化合物非常適合使用於電子裝置。
這些化合物較佳具有一或多種選自低操作電壓、長壽命、高功率效率和發光的適當色坐標之性質。特別地,彼等使用於發光層時,能夠達成極佳壽命,以及所發出之光的深藍色色坐標。
本發明因此關於一種式(I)之化合物,
其中:Ar1 在每次出現時相同或不同地為具有6至18個芳族環原子之芳基或雜芳基基團,其可經一或多個基團R1取代;Ar2 在每次出現時相同或不同地為具有6個芳族環原子之芳基或雜芳基基團,其可經一或多個基團R2取代;X1 在每次出現時相同或不同地為BR3、C(R3)2、-C(R3)2-C(R3)2-、-C(R3)2-O-、-C(R3)2-S-、-R3C=CR3-、-R3C=N-、Si(R3)2、-Si(R3)2-Si(R3)2-、C=O、O、S、S=O、SO2、NR3、PR3或P(=O)R3;R1、R2、R3 在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R4、CN、Si(R4)3、N(R4)2、P(=O)(R4)2、OR4、S(=O)R4、S(=O)2R4、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基基團,其中上述基團各自可經一或多個基團
R4取代且其中上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-R4C=CR4-、-C≡C-、Si(R4)2、C=O、C=NR4、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR4-、NR4、P(=O)(R4)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換,或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二或多個基團R3可彼此連接且可形成環;R4 在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、C(=O)R5、CN、Si(R5)3、N(R5)2、P(=O)(R5)2、OR5、S(=O)R5、S(=O)2R5、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基基團,其中上述基團各自可經一或多個基團R5取代且其中上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2置換,或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R5取代,其中二或多個基團R4可彼此連接且可形成環;R5 在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F或具有1至20個C原子之脂族、芳族或雜芳族有機基團,其中,此外,一或多個H原子可經D或F置換;二或多個取代基R5在此可彼此連接且可形成環;其中二個基團Ar1中之至少一者必須含有10或更多個芳族環原子;及
其中,如果二個基團Ar1中之一者為苯基基團,則兩個基團Ar1中之另一者必須不含超過14個芳族環原子。
關於式(I),至相鄰基團Ar1或Ar2和至基團X1之鍵可各分別存在於基團Ar2或Ar1之任何所要位置。特別地,式(I)的描述並不意味著該基團X1必須存在於彼此之順式位置。基團X1可存在於彼此之順式或反式位置。
就本發明的意義而言,芳基基團含有6至60個芳族環原子;就本發明的意義而言,雜芳基基團含有5至60個芳族環原子,其中至少一者為雜原子。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及S。此表示基本定義。如果在本發明說明中指示其他較佳選擇,例如有關芳族環原子或雜原子的存在數目,這些適用。
芳基基團或雜芳基基團在此意指簡單芳族環,也就是苯,或簡單雜芳族環,例如吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩,或縮合(環合(annellated))芳族或雜芳族多環,例如萘、菲、喹啉或咔唑。就本申請案的意義而言,縮合(環合)芳族或雜芳族多環由二或多個彼此縮合之簡單芳族或雜芳族環組成。
在各情況下可被上述基團取代且可經由任何所要位置連結於芳族或雜芳族環系統之芳基或雜芳基基團特別是意指衍生自下列之基團:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氫芘、(chrysene)、苝、丙二烯合茀(fluoranthene)、苯并蒽、苯并菲、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、異苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、異苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、
異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑(naphthimidazole)、菲并咪唑(phenanthri-midazole)、吡啶并咪唑(pyridimidazole)、吡并咪唑(pyrazinimidazole)、喹啉并咪唑(quinoxalinimidazole)、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑(naphthoxazole)、蒽并唑(anthroxazole)、菲并唑(phenanthroxazole)、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、嗒、苯并嗒、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹啉、吡、啡、啶、氮雜咔唑、苯并咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶、吲及苯并噻二唑。
就本發明的意義而言,芳族環系統在環系統中含有6至60個C原子。就本發明的意義而言,雜芳族環系統含有5至60個芳族環原子,其中至少一個為雜原子。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及/或S。就本發明的意義而言,芳族或雜芳族環系統意欲意指不一定只含有芳基或雜芳基基團,而是其中另外複數個芳基或雜芳基可以非芳族單元((較佳為少於10%之非H之原子)諸如,例如sp3-混成之C、Si、N或O原子,sp2-混成之C或N原子或sp-混成之C原子)連接的系統。因此,例如系統諸如9,9’-螺雙茀、
9,9’-二芳基茀、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、二苯乙烯等等,就本發明的意義而言亦意欲為芳族環系統,以及其中二或多個芳基基團以例如直鏈或環狀烷基、烯基或炔基或以矽基連接之系統。再者,其中二或多個芳基或雜芳基基團係經由單鍵彼此連結之系統,就本發明的意義而言亦為芳族或雜芳族環系統,諸如,例如系統諸如聯苯、聯三苯或二苯基三。
具有5-60個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其在各情形下亦可經如上述定義之基團取代且可經由任何所要位置連結於芳族或雜芳族基團)特別意指衍生自下列之基團:苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、苯并菲、芘、(chrysene)、苝、丙二烯合茀(fluoranthene)、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯并芘、聯苯、聯伸二苯(biphenylene)、聯三苯(terphenyl)、聯伸三苯(terphenylene)、聯四苯(quaterphenyl)、茀、螺雙茀、二氫菲、二氫芘、四氫芘、順-或反-茚并茀、三茚并苯(truxene)、異三茚并苯(isotruxene)、螺三茚并苯、螺異三并苯茚(spiroisotruxene)、呋喃、苯并呋喃、異苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、異苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吲哚并咔唑、茚并咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑(naphthimidazole)、菲并咪唑(phenanthrimidazole)、吡啶并咪唑(pyridimidazole)、
吡并咪唑(pyrazinimidazole)、喹啉并咪唑(quinoxalinimidazole)、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑(naphthoxazole)、蒽并唑(anthroxazole)、菲并唑(phenanthroxazole)、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、嗒、苯并嗒、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹啉、1,5-二氮雜蒽、2,7-二氮雜芘、2,3-二氮雜芘、1,6-二氮雜芘、1,8-二氮雜芘、4,5-二氮雜芘、4,5,9,10-四氮雜苝、吡、啡、啡、啡噻、熒紅環(fluorubin)、啶、氮雜咔唑、苯并咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶、吲及苯并噻二唑,或這些基團的組合。
為了本發明之目的,具有1至40個C原子之直鏈烷基基團或具有3至40個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基基團或具有2至40個C原子之烯基或炔基基團,其中,此外,個別H原子或CH2基團可經在該等基團定義下之上述基團取代,較佳意指基團:甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、第二戊基、環戊基、新戊基、正己基、環己基、新己基、正庚基、環庚基、正辛基、環辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、環戊烯基、己烯基、環己烯基、庚
烯基、環庚烯基、辛烯基、環辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基。具有1至40個C原子之烷氧基或烷硫基(thioalkyl)基團較佳意指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、第二戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、環己氧基、正庚氧基、環庚氧基、正辛氧基、環辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基、異丁硫基、第二丁硫基、第三丁硫基、正戊硫基、第二戊硫基、正己硫基、環己硫基、正庚硫基、環庚硫基、正辛硫基、環辛硫基、2-乙基己硫基、三氟甲硫基、五氟乙硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙硫基、乙烯硫基、丙烯硫基、丁烯硫基、戊烯硫基、環戊烯硫基、己烯硫基、環己烯硫基、庚烯硫基、環庚烯硫基、辛烯硫基、環辛烯硫基、乙炔硫基、丙炔硫基、丁炔硫基、戊炔硫基、己炔硫基、庚炔硫基或辛炔硫基。
二或多個基團彼此可形成環之式,就本申請案之目的,意欲意指(尤其是)二個基團彼此以化學鍵連接。再者,然而,上述式也意欲意指:在其中二個基團中之一者意是氫的情況下,第二基團係鍵結至氫原子鍵結的位置,並形成環。
從基團Ar2至相鄰基團Ar1或Ar2的鍵較佳各存在於彼此之對位。
Ar1較佳在每次出現時係相同或不同地選自具有6至
14個芳族環原子,特佳6至10個芳族環原子之芳基基團或雜芳基基團,其中Ar1在各情況下可經一或多個基團R1取代。
Ar1較佳在每次出現時係相同或不同地選自具有6至14個芳族環原子,特佳6至10個芳族環原子之芳基基團,其中Ar1在各情況下可經一或多個基團R1取代。
基團Ar2較佳為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R2取代。
根據一特佳具體實例,基團Ar1為萘基基團,其可經一或多個基團R1取代,且基團Ar2為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R2取代。
根據另一特佳具體實例,二個基團Ar1中之一者為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R1取代,且兩個基團Ar1中之另一者為萘基基團,其可經一或多個基團R1取代,且基團Ar2為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R2取代。
較佳的是X1在每次出現時係相同或不同地選自C(R3)2、-C(R3)2-C(R3)2-、-C(R3)2-O-、-R3C=CR3-、Si(R3)2、C=O、O、S、S=O、SO2及NR3,特佳C(R3)2、-C(R3)2-C(R3)2-、-C(R3)2-O-、Si(R3)2、O、S及NR3,非常特佳C(R3)2。
R1和R2較佳在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、CN、Si(R4)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團,其中上述基團各自可經一或多個基團R4取代
且其中上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-C≡C-、-R4C=CR4-、Si(R4)2、C=O、-NR4-、-O-或-S-置換,或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代。
R2特佳等於H或D,特佳等於H。
R3較佳在每次出現時相同或不同地為F、CN、Si(R4)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團,其中上述基團各自可經一或多個基團R4取代且其中上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-C≡C-、-R4C=CR4-、Si(R4)2、C=O、-NR4-、-O-或-S-置換,或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代,其中二或多個基團R3可彼此連接且可形成環。
根據一較佳具體實例,構成表示C(R3)2或Si(R3)2之基團X1的二個基團R3彼此形成環,致使形成螺化合物。在此較佳形成五-或六-員環。再者,在此情況下較佳的是基團R3表示烷基基團,以使螺環烷基環(特佳為螺環己烷環或螺環戊烷環)形成。
R4較佳在每次出現時相同或不同地為F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基基團或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基基團,其中上述基團各自可經一或多個基團R5取代且其中上述基團中之一或多個CH2基團可經-C≡C-、-R5C=CR5-、
Si(R5)2、C=O、-NR5-、-O-或-S-置換,或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R5取代,其中二或多個基團R4可彼此連接且可形成環。
根據本發明之一較佳具體實例,式(I)中之所有基團R1和R2等於H或D,特佳等於H。
根據本發明之另一較佳具體實例,一或多個基團R1等於CN,特佳明確為二個基團R1等於CN。
根據本發明之另一較佳具體實例,一或多個基團R1等於具有6至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取代,特佳明確為二個基團R1等於具有6至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其可經一或多個基團R4取代。
根據一特佳具體實例,R1為苯并茚并茀基團,特佳為單苯并茚并茀基團,其在各情況下可經基團R4取代。
根據本發明之另一較佳具體實例,基團R1和R2中沒有一個為式N(R4)2之基團。在此情況下,基團X1較佳不等於NR3,基團X1在此情況下特佳等於C(R3)2。
根據本發明之另一較佳具體實例,一或多個基團R1等於N(R4)2,特佳明確為二個基團R1等於N(R4)2。
化合物之一較佳具體實例符合式(I-1)
其中:Z1 在每次出現時相同或不同地為CR1或N,其中若有基團被鍵結,則Z1等於C;Z2 在每次出現時相同或不同地為CR2或N,其中若有基團被鍵結,則Z2等於C;及基團X1如上述所定義。
化合物之另一較佳具體實例符合式(I-2)
其中:
Z1 在每次出現時相同或不同地為CR1或N,其中若有基團被鍵結,則Z1等於C;Z2 在每次出現時相同或不同地為CR2或N,其中若有基團被鍵結,則Z2等於C;及基團X1如上述所定義。
關於式(I-1)和(I-2),至基團X1的鍵及在芳族環之間的鍵各自可存在於芳族環之任何所要位置,在個別芳族環之間的鍵也是。特別是,式(I-1)和(I-2)之描述並不意味著該基團X1必須存在於彼此的順式位置。基團X1可存在於彼此之順式-或反式-位置。
較佳的是每個芳族環最多二個基團Z1等於N,特佳的是每個芳族環最多一個基團Z1等於N,且非常特佳的是芳族環中沒有基團Z1等於N。
一般較佳為Z1等於CR1。
較佳的是每個芳族環最多二個基團Z2等於N,特佳的是每個芳族環最多一個基團Z2等於N,且非常特佳的是芳族環中沒有基團Z2等於N。
一般較佳為Z2等於CR2。
式(I-1)之較佳具體實例符合下式(I-1-1)至(I-1-11)和(I-2-1)至(I-2-8)
其中:Z1 在每次出現時相同或不同地為CR1或N;Z2 在每次出現時相同或不同地為CR2或N;及基團X1 如上述所定義。
對於基團Z1、Z2和X1特別的是,上示較佳具體實例對於上式也為較佳。
在式(I-1-1)至(I-1-11)和(I-2-1)至(I-2-8)中特佳的是Z1等於CR1,Z2等於CR2,及X1等於C(R3)2。
式(I-1-1)至(I-1-11)和(I-2-1)至(I-2-8)中,式(I-1-2)、(I-2-1)和(I-2-8)為特佳,式(I-1-2)為最佳。
式(I)化合物較佳符合式(I-1-2-1)和(I-2-1-1)之一者。
其中X1和R1如上所定義。
式(I-1-2-1)和(I-2-1-1)中之X1較佳在每次出現時係相同或不同地選自C(R3)2、-C(R3)2-C(R3)2-、-C(R3)2-O-、Si(R3)2、O、S及NR3,X1特佳等於C(R3)2。
式(I-1-2-1)和(I-2-1-1)中之R1較佳在每次出現時相同或不同地為H、D、F、CN、Si(R4)3、或具有5至20個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,其在各情況下可經一或多個基團R4取代。
根據一特佳具體實例,式(I-1-2-1)和(I-2-1-1)中之R1為苯并茚并茀基團,特佳為單苯并茚并茀基團,其在各情況下可經基團R4取代。
式(I)化合物之非常特佳具體實例符合下式,其中下列較佳適用:Z1為CR1且Z2為CR2:
下列化合物為式(I)之化合物的實例:
式(I)之化合物可藉由有機化學的已知方法或反應步驟製備。
製備式(I)之化合物之較佳方法係顯示如下(流程1):
Ar:芳族或雜芳族基團
X:橋聯基團(bridging group)
X*:橋聯基團之前驅基團
Y*:反應性基團,例如Cl、Br、I
為此目的,藉由例如溴化,或藉由溴化及後續硼化,將反應性基團引進起始化合物(式(I))中,其在許多情況下為市售。雙偶合反應(例如鈴木(Suzuki)偶合反應)接著進行,利用該偶合反應引入二個另外的芳族基團。此等另外的芳族基團含有官能基X*,其能夠進行閉環與形成橋聯基團X。閉環反應之後,獲得式(I)之化合物(流程1中之式(4)),其可隨意地進一步官能化。
或者,如流程2中所示,起始材料可為已含二個橋聯基團X的化合物(流程2中之式(5))。製備該等化合物之方法為熟習該項技術者已知的,例如從WO 2008/006449。進一步的步驟對應於該等於流程1的情況中所示者。
Ar:芳族或雜芳族基團
X:橋聯基團
X*:橋聯基團之前驅基團
Y*:反應性基團,例如Cl、Br、I
上述圖示之方法的細節可從實施例獲得。
熟習該項技術者將能夠從以上圖示之方法偏離,或修改彼等,以得到式(I)之化合物,如果此為需要的。此在熟習該項技術者一般能力範圍內進行。
本案因此係關於製備式(I)之化合物之方法,其特徵在於其包含至少一種金屬催化之偶合反應及至少一種閉環反應。
金屬催化之偶合反應在此較佳係過渡金屬催化之偶合反應,特佳是鈴木(Suzuki)反應。
上述根據本發明之化合物,特別是經反應性脫離基(諸如溴、碘、氯、硼酸或硼酸酯)取代之化合物可用作製備對應寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物或聚合物之單體。適合的反應性脫離基為例如溴、碘、氯、硼酸、硼酸酯、胺、分別含有終端C-C雙鍵或C-C三鍵之烯基或炔基基團、氧(oxirane)、氧咀(oxetane)、進行環加成反應(例如1,3-偶極環加成反應)之基團,諸如(例如)二烯或疊氮化物、羧酸衍生物、醇類和矽烷。
本發明因此又係關於包含一或多種式(I)之化合物之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,其中至聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物之鍵可位於經R1、R2或R3取代之式(I)中的任何所要位置處。視式(I)之化合物之連結而定,該化合物為寡聚物或聚合物的側鏈之一部分或主鏈的一部分。就本發明的意義而言寡聚物意指從至少3個單體單元建構之化合物。就本發明的意義而言聚合物意指從至少10個單體
單元建構之化合物。根據本發明之聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物可為共軛、部分共軛或非共軛。根據本發明之寡聚物或聚合物可為直鏈、具支鏈或樹枝狀。在以直鏈方式連結之結構中,式(I)單元可彼此直接連結或經由二價基團(例如經由經取代或未經取代之伸烷基、經由雜原子或經由二價芳族或雜芳族基團)彼此連結。在支鏈及樹枝狀結構中,三個或更多個式(I)單元可例如經由三價或多價基團(例如經由三價或多價芳族或雜芳族基團)連結,以產生支鏈或樹枝狀寡聚物或聚合物。
與上述針對式(I)化合物相同之較佳選項適用於寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物及聚合物中的式(I)之重複單元。
為了製備寡聚物或聚合物,將根據本發明之單體進行均聚或與其他單體進行共聚。適合且較佳的共聚單體係選自茀(例如根據EP 842208或WO 00/22026)、螺雙茀(例如根據EP 707020、EP 894107或WO 06/061181)、對-伸苯基(例如根據WO 1992/18552)、咔唑(例如根據WO 04/070772或WO 2004/113468)、噻吩(例如根據EP 1028136)、二氫菲(例如根據WO 2005/014689或WO 2007/006383)、順式-及反式-茚并茀(例如根據WO 2004/041901或WO 2004/113412)、酮(例如根據WO 2005/040302)、菲(例如根據WO 2005/104264或WO 2007/017066)亦或複數種此等單元。聚合物、寡聚物及樹枝狀聚合物通常亦含有其他單元,例如發光(螢光或磷光)單元,諸如,例如乙烯基三芳基胺(例如根據WO
2007/068325)或磷光金屬錯合物(例如根據WO 2006/003000)及/或電荷傳輸單元,特別是彼等以三芳基胺為主者。
根據本發明之聚合物、寡聚物及樹枝狀聚合物具有有利特性,特別是長使用壽命、高效率及良好色坐標。
通常藉由一或多種類型之單體的聚合來製備根據本發明之聚合物及寡聚物,其中至少一種單體產生聚合物中重複出現的式(I)單元。適合的聚合反應為熟習此項技術者已知且描述於文獻中。產生C-C或C-N鏈之尤其適合且較佳之聚合反應為以下反應:(A)鈴木(SUZUKI)聚合;(B)山本(YAMAMOTO)聚合;(C)施蒂勒(STILLE)聚合;及(D)哈特維希-布赫瓦爾德(HARTWIG-BUCHWALD)聚合。
可藉由此等方法進行聚合之方式及可隨後自反應介質分離聚合物且進行純化之方式為熟習此項技術者已知且詳細描述於文獻中,例如於WO 2003/048225、WO 2004/037887及WO 2004/037887中。
為了從液相處理根據本發明之化合物,藉由例如旋塗或藉由印刷方法,需要根據本發明之化合物的調配物。此等調配物可為例如溶液、分散液或乳液。為此目的,較佳可為使用兩或多種溶劑之混合物。適合且較佳之溶劑為例如甲苯;苯甲醚;鄰、間或對二甲苯;苯甲酸甲酯;
(mesitylene);四氫萘;藜蘆素(veratrol);THF;甲基-THF;THP;氯苯;二烷;苯氧基甲苯,特別是3-苯氧基甲苯;(-)-葑酮;1,2,3,5-四甲基苯;1,2,4,5-四甲基苯;1-甲基萘;2-甲基苯并噻唑;2-苯氧基乙醇;2-吡咯啶酮;3-甲基苯甲醚;4-甲基苯甲醚;3,4-二甲基苯甲醚;3,5-二甲基苯甲醚;苯乙酮;α-萜品醇;苯并噻唑;苯甲酸丁酯;異丙苯;環己醇;環己酮;環己基苯;十氫萘;十二烷基苯;苯甲酸乙酯;二氫茚;苯甲酸甲酯;NMP;對異丙甲苯;苯基乙基醚;1,4-二異丙基苯;二苄基醚;二乙二醇丁基甲基醚;三乙二醇丁基甲基醚;二乙二醇二丁醚;三乙二醇二甲醚;二乙二醇單丁醚;三丙二醇二甲醚;四乙二醇二甲醚;2-異丙基萘;戊基苯;己基苯;庚基苯;辛基苯;1,1-雙(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷或此等溶劑之混合物。
本發明因此另關於調配物,特別是一種溶液、分散液或乳液,其包含至少一種式(I)之化合物或至少一種含有至少一式(I)之單元的聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物,及至少一種溶劑,較佳為有機溶劑。其中可製備此類型之溶液的方式為熟習此項技術者已知且描述於例如WO 2002/072714、WO 2003/019694及其中所引用之文獻中。
式(I)之化合物適合使用於電子裝置,特別是有機電致發光裝置(OLED)中。視取代作用而定,化合物可用於不同功能及層中。
式(I)之化合物可用在有機電致發光裝置中任何功能,
例如作為電洞傳輸材料、作為基質材料、作為發光材料、或作為電子傳輸材料。
本發明因此另關於式(I)之化合物在電子裝置中之用途。此處之電子裝置較佳係選自由下列所組成之群組:有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效應電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學偵測器、有機感光體(organic photoreceptor)、有機場淬熄裝置(organic field-quench devices)(OFQD)、有機發光電化學電池(OLEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及特佳有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
本發明另關於包含至少一種式(I)之化合物的電子裝置。該電子裝置較佳係選自上述裝置。特佳者為包含陽極、陰極及至少一個發光層之有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於至少一個有機層包含至少一種式(I)之化合物。
除陰極、陽極及發光層之外,有機電致發光裝置亦可包含其他層。此等在各種情況下係選自例如一或多種電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、電子阻擋層、激子阻擋層、間層、電荷產生層(IDMC 2003,Taiwan;Session 21 OLED(5),T.Matsumoto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer)及/或有機或無機p/n接面。
有機電致發光裝置之層的順序較佳如下:陽極-電洞注入層-電洞傳輸層-發光層-電子傳輸層-電子注入層-陰
極。並非所有該等層必須存在,且可另外存在其他層,例如相鄰於發光層之陽極側之的電子阻擋層,或相鄰於發光層之陰極側的電洞阻擋層。
根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置可包含複數個發光層。在此情況下,此等發光層特佳地總計具有複數個介於380奈米與750奈米之間的最大發光值,整體上導致發白光,亦即能夠發螢光或發磷光且發藍光、綠光、黃光、橘光或紅光的各種發光化合物係使用於發光層中。特佳者為三層系統,即具有三個發光層之系統,其中該等層中之至少一者較佳包括至少一種式(I)之化合物且其中該三層呈現藍色、綠色、黃色、橘色光或紅色發光(基本結構參見例如WO 2005/011013)。應注意,為了產生白光,單獨使用在寬波長範圍發光之發射體化合物替代複數個發有色光之發射體化合物亦可為合適的。可選地及/或另外地,根據本發明之化合物也可存在於此類型的有機電致發光裝置之電洞傳輸層或另一層中。各種發光層可彼此直接相鄰,或彼等可以非發光層彼此分離。根據本發明之一較佳具體實例,發白光OLED為所謂的串接(tandem)式OLED,即二或多個完整OLED層順序存在OLED中,其中OLED層順序在各情況下包含電洞傳輸層、發光層和電子傳輸層,彼等各以電荷產生層彼此分離。
較佳的是式(I)之化合物被使用於發光層中。式(I)之化合物特別適合於用作發光層中之發光化合物或作為基質材料。
根據本發明之化合物特別適合於用作發藍光之發光體化合物或作為發藍光之發光體化合物的基質化合物。
若根據本發明之化合物用作OLED的發光層中之基質材料,則較佳的是取代基R1、R2和R3中沒有一個選自與式(I)之基本結構共軛的基團,特別是取代基R1、R2和R3中沒有一個選自氰基基團、芳基胺基基團或芳基或雜芳基基團。在使用根據本發明之化合物作為基質材料的情況中,R1和R2特佳係選自H、D、F和具有1至10個C原子之烷基基團,特佳選自H和D,R1和R2非常特佳等於H。
若根據本發明之化合物用作OLED的發光層中之發光體化合物,則較佳的是一或多個取代基R1、R2和R3係選自與式(I)之基本結構共軛的基團,例如氰基基團,芳基胺基基團或芳基或雜芳基基團。
若根據本發明之化合物用作發光層中之發光化合物,則較佳的是其與一或多種基質材料組合使用。基質材料在此意指存在於發光層中,較佳作為主成分,且其在裝置操作時不發光之材料。
發光化合物在發光層的混合物中之比例係介於0.1和50.0%之間,較佳介於0.5和20.0%,特佳介於1.0和10.0%之間。對應地,基質材料或基質材料等之比例係介於50.0和99.9%之間,較佳介於80.0和99.5%之間,特佳介於90.0和99.0%之間。
以%描述的比例,就本案之目的而言,若該化合物從
氣相施加,意指體積%,而若該化合物從溶液施加,意指重量%。
若根據本發明之化合物用作基質材料,則其可與所有已知的發光化合物組合使用。較佳的是與下示較佳發光化合物,特別是下示較佳螢光化合物組合使用。
若式(I)之化合物用作為於發光層中與磷光發光體組合之基質材料,則磷光發光體較佳係選自下示磷光發光體之具體實例。在此情況下,一或多種其他基質材料亦較佳存在於發光層中。
此類型之所謂混合基質系統較佳地包含二或三種不同的基質材料,特佳兩種不同的基質材料。兩種材料中之一者在此較佳為具有電洞傳輸性質之材料而另一材料為具有電子傳輸性質之材料。式(I)之化合物較佳表示具有電洞傳輸性質之材料。
然而,所要之混合基質成分的電子傳輸和電洞傳輸性質也可主要地或完全地組合於單一混合基質成分,其中其他混合基質成分滿足其他功能。兩種不同的基質材料在此可以1:50至1:1,較佳地1:20至1:1,特佳地1:10至1:1和非常特佳地1:4至1:1之比率存在。混合基質系統較佳係使用於磷光有機電致發光裝置中。關於混合基質系統之更明確的資料特別是提供於申請案WO 2010/108579中。
可與根據本發明之化合物組合用作混合基質系統之基質成分的特別適合之基質材料係選自用於磷光發光化合物
之下示較佳基質材料或用於螢光發光化合物之較佳基質材料,取決於使用於混合基質系統中的發光化合物之類型。
根據本發明之化合物也可使用於非發光層之層,例如,作為電洞注入或電洞傳輸層或電子阻擋層中之電洞傳輸材料。
若將式(I)之化合物用作例如電洞傳輸層、電洞注入層或電子阻擋層中之電洞傳輸材料,則該化合物可以純材料形式(亦即以100%之比例)用於電洞傳輸層中,或其可與一或多種其他化合物組合使用。根據一較佳具體實例,包含式(I)之化合物之有機層可額外包含一或多種p型摻雜物。根據本發明,所使用之較佳p型摻雜物為能夠氧化混合物中之一或多種其他化合物的有機電子受體化合物。
p型摻雜物之特佳具體實例為揭示於WO 2011/073149、EP 1968131、EP 2276085、EP 2213662、EP 1722602、EP 2045848、DE 102007031220、US 8044390、US 8057712、WO 2009/003455、WO 2010/094378、WO 2011/120709、US 2010/0096600及WO 2012/095143中之化合物。
在此情況下另較佳的是電子裝置在陽極和發光層之間具有多個電洞傳輸層。可能出現的情況是:這些層全部包含式(I)之化合物,或只有其個別層包含式(I)之化合物。
若式(I)之化合物被用作電洞傳輸材料,較佳的是:其具有大的HOMO和LUMO間能階差。此外較佳的是:不含胺基基團作為取代基。此外較佳的是:芳族環上絕對不
含取代基,即R1和R2等於H或D,特佳等於H。
式(I)之化合物亦可用作電子傳輸層、電洞阻擋層或電子注入層中之電子傳輸化合物。為此目的較佳的是式(I)之化合物含有一或多個選自缺電子雜芳基基團之取代基,諸如,例如,三、嘧啶或苯并咪唑。
用作根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置中的對應功能材料之一般較佳材料種類係如下所示。
適合之磷光發光化合物特別為在適當激發時較佳在可見光區域內發光且另外含有至少一種具有原子序大於20(較佳為大於38且少於84,特佳為大於56且少於80)的原子之化合物。所使用之磷光發光化合物較佳為含有銅、鉬、鎢、錸、釕、鋨、銠、銥、鈀、鉑、銀、金或銪的化合物,特別為含有銥、鉑或銅的化合物。
就本發明之意義而言,所有的發光銥、鉑或銅錯合物被視為磷光化合物。
上述發磷光化合物的實例係由申請案WO 2000/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO 2002/15645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 2005/033244、WO 2005/019373及US 2005/0258742揭示。通常,根據先前技術用於磷光OLED且為熟習有機電致發光裝置領域之技術者已知的所有磷光錯合物皆適合使用於根據本發明的裝置。熟習該項技術者也將能夠在毋需創造性勞動下將其他磷光錯合物與根據本發明之化合物組合使用於OLED中。
除根據本發明之化合物外,較佳螢光發射體係選自芳基胺之種類。就本發明的意義而言,芳基胺意指含有三個直接鍵結至氮之經取代或未經取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統的化合物。此等芳族或雜芳族環系統中之至少一者較佳為縮合環系統,特佳為具有至少14個芳族環原子。其較佳實例為芳族蒽胺、芳族蒽二胺、芳族芘胺、芳族芘二胺、芳族胺或芳族二胺。芳族蒽胺意指其中一個二芳基胺基直接鍵結(較佳在9位置上)至蒽基之化合物。芳族蒽二胺意指其中兩個二芳基胺基直接鍵結(較佳在9,10-位置上)至蒽基之化合物。芳族芘胺、芘二胺、胺及二胺係與其類似地定義,其中二芳基胺基較佳地在1-位置或1,6-位置上與芘鍵結。其他較佳發射體為茚并茀胺或茚并茀二胺,例如根據WO 2006/108497或WO 2006/122630;苯并茚并茀胺或苯并茚并茀二胺,例如根據WO 2008/006449;及二苯并茚并茀胺或二苯并茚并茀二胺,例如根據WO 2007/140847;及WO 2010/012328中揭示之含有縮合芳基之茚并茀衍生物。較佳者同樣為WO 2012/048780及WO 2013/185871中揭示之芘芳基胺。較佳者同樣為WO 2014/037077中揭示之苯并茚并茀胺;尚未公開之EP 13000012.8中揭示之苯并茀胺和尚未公開之EP13004921.6中揭示之茚并茀。
較佳螢光發光化合物係描述於下表中:
與螢光發光化合物組合使用之較佳基質材料係選自以下種類:寡聚伸芳基(oligoarylene)(例如根據EP 676461之2,2’,7,7’-肆苯基螺雙茀或二萘基蒽),特別是含有縮合芳族基團之寡聚伸芳基、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基
(oligoarylenevinylene)(例如根據EP 676461之DPVBi或螺-DPVBi)、多牙(polypodal)金屬錯合物(例如根據WO 2004/081017)、電洞傳導化合物(例如根據WO 2004/058911)、電子傳導化合物,特別是酮、膦氧化物、亞碸等等(例如根據WO 2005/084081和WO 2005/084082)、構型異構物(例如根據WO 2006/048268)、硼酸衍生物(例如根據WO 2006/117052)或苯并蒽(例如根據WO 2008/145239)。特佳基質材料係選自以下種類:包含萘、蒽、苯并蒽及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基或這些化合物的構型異構物、寡聚伸芳基伸乙烯基、酮、膦氧化物和亞碸。非常特佳基質材料係選自以下種類:包含蒽、苯并蒽、苯并菲及/或芘之寡聚伸芳基或這些化合物的構型異構物。就本發明的意義而言,寡聚伸芳基意欲意指其中至少三個芳基或伸芳基彼此鍵結之化合物。
與式(I)之化合物組合使用於發光層之特佳基質材料係描述於下表中:
適當電荷傳輸材料,如可使用於根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置的電洞注入層或電洞傳輸層或電子阻擋層或於電子傳輸層中者為例如在Y.Shirota等人之Chem.Rev.2007,107(4),953-1010中所揭示之化合物或根據先前技術使用於該等層中之其他材料。
除式(I)之化合物之外,可用於本發明之電致發光裝置中之電洞傳輸、電洞注入或電子阻擋層中之較佳電洞傳輸材料的實例為茚并茀胺衍生物(例如根據WO 06/122630或WO 06/100896)、EP 1661888中揭示之胺衍生物、六氮雜聯伸三苯衍生物(例如根據WO 01/049806)、含有縮合芳族環之胺衍生物(例如根據US 5,061,569)、WO 95/09147中揭示之胺衍生物、單苯并茚并茀胺(例如根據WO 08/006449)、二苯并茚并茀胺(例如根據WO 07/140847)、
螺雙茀胺(例如根據WO 2012/034627或WO 2013/120577)、茀胺(例如根據尚未公開之申請案EP 12005369.9、EP 12005370.7及EP 12005371.5)、螺二苯并哌喃胺(例如根據WO 2013/083216)及二氫吖啶衍生物(例如根據WO 2012/150001)。
有機電致發光裝置之陰極較佳地包含具有低功函數之金屬、金屬合金或包含各種金屬(諸如,例如鹼土金屬、鹼金屬、主族金屬或鑭系元素(例如,Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm等等))的多層化結構。亦適當者為包含鹼金屬或鹼土金屬和銀之合金,例如包含鎂和銀之合金。在多層化結構的情況下,除了該等金屬以外,亦可使用其他具有較高功函數的金屬(諸如,例如Ag或Al),在該情況下通常使用金屬的組合(諸如,例如Ca/Ag、Mg/Ag或Ag/Ag)。較佳者亦可為在金屬陰極與有機半導體之間引入具有高介電常數之材料的薄間層。適合於此目的者為例如鹼金屬氟化物或鹼土金屬氟化物,而亦為對應之氧化物或碳酸鹽(例如LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3等等)。此外,喹啉酸鋰(LiQ)亦可使用於此目的。此層的層厚度較佳為介於0.5與5nm之間。
陽極較佳包含具有高功函數之材料。陽極較佳具有相對於真空為大於4.5eV之功函數。適合於此目的者一方面為具有高還原氧化電位之金屬,諸如,例如Ag、Pt或Au。另一方面,金屬/金屬氧化物電極(例如,Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)亦可為較佳者。就一些應用而言,
電極中之至少一者必須為透明或部分透明,以便促進有機材料的照射(有機太陽能電池)或光線的耦合輸出(OLED、O-雷射)。較佳陽極材料在此為導電性混合型金屬氧化物。特佳者為氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO)。此外較佳者為導電性摻雜型有機材料,特別為導電性摻雜型聚合物。
將該裝置適當地(視應用而定)結構化,配備有接點且最終密封,因為在水及/或空氣的存在下使根據本發明之裝置的壽命縮短。
在一較佳具體實例中,根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置其特徵在於利用昇華方法塗布一或多層,其中該等材料係於真空昇華單元中在低於10-5毫巴(較佳低於10-6毫巴)之起始壓力下藉由氣相沈積施用。然而,起始壓力在此也可能甚至更低,例如低於10-7毫巴。
同樣較佳者為一種有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於利用OVPD(有機蒸氣相沈積)法或輔以載體-氣體昇華法塗覆一或多層,其中該等材料係在介於10-5毫巴與1巴之間的壓力下施用。此方法的一特殊實例為OVJP(有機蒸氣噴射印刷)法,其中該等材料係經由噴嘴直接施用且因此結構化(例如,M.S.Arnold等人之Appl.Phys.Lett.2008,92,053301)。
此外較佳者為一種有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於從溶液製造一或多層,諸如藉由旋塗或利用任何所要印刷法,諸如,例如網版印刷、快乾印刷、噴嘴印刷或平版印
刷,但是特佳為LITI(光誘導熱成像、熱轉移印刷)或噴墨印刷。為此目的,可溶性之式(I)之化合物是必要的。高溶解度可經由化合物的適當取代來達成。
為了製造根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置,亦較佳者為從溶液施用一或多層或利用昇華法施用一或多層。
根據本發明,包含一或多種根據本發明之化合物的電子裝置可用於顯示器中、作為照明應用中之光源及作為醫學及/或美容應用(例如,光療法)中之光源。
步驟係根據下列一般流程:
將2,7-二溴-9,9-二甲基-9H-茀(130g,369mmol)、雙(頻哪醇根基)二硼烷(bis(pinacolato)-diborane)(225g,886mmol)和乙酸鉀(217g,2.22mol)懸浮在1.4l的二烷中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2(15g,18mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱4h。將混合物過濾並用二烷洗滌。粗製產物過濾之後,將殘留之殘餘物在Soxhlet萃取器中用THF萃取,然後過濾。產率為137g(理論的83%),呈灰色固體。純度>95%(在CDCl3中之NMR)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將2,7-雙頻哪醇根基-9,9-二甲基-9H-茀(137g,307mmol)、1-溴-萘-2-甲酸(173g,620mmol)和磷酸三鉀一水合物(283g,1.23mol)懸浮在水/甲苯/二烷混合物(1:1:1,1.5l)中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加三(鄰-甲苯基)膦(22.4g,73mmol)和乙酸鈀(II)(2.76g,12.3mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱5.5h。將各相分離,並用甲苯洗滌水相。將有機相經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將混合物通過矽膠和AlOx用甲苯過濾並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將黃色油在真空乾燥
櫥中乾燥且不純化。
將在500ml的THF中之黃色油滴加至三氯化鈰(III)(166g,670mmol)和500ml的THF之混合物。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌1h,然後冷卻至0℃。在此溫度下滴加氯化甲鎂(813ml,在THF中之3M)。將反應混合物攪拌過夜。將500ml的水加至該批料,然後將其用THF過濾。將母液的相分離。將有機相經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將黃色油在真空乾燥櫥中乾燥且不進一步純化。
將黃色油和多磷酸(446g,4.56mol)懸浮在1l的二氯甲烷中。慢慢地滴加甲磺酸(296ml,4.56mol)。將反應混合物攪拌1h。添加700ml的乙醇。過濾批料,且將殘留之殘餘物從甲苯再結晶。產率為109g(理論的68%),呈黃色固體。純度99.7%(HPLC)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將Ia(80g,152mmol)溶解在500ml的DCM中。在0℃下滴加在300ml DCM中的Br2(16ml,3llmmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。添加20ml的硫代硫酸鈉溶液,並將混合物攪拌15min。用乙醇過濾批料。將殘留之殘餘物從甲苯再結晶三次。產率為60g(理論的57%),呈灰色固體。純度96.3%(HPLC)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將Int-c(17g,24mmol)、K4[Fe(CN)6]*3H2O(10.5g,24mmol)和碳酸鈉(7.9g,75mmol)懸浮在400ml的DMF中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加S-Phos(816mg,2mmol)和乙酸鈀(II)(223mg,1mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱過夜。將反應混合物冷卻,然後在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將所得固體在Soxhlet萃取器中在氧化鋁上用甲苯萃取,然後從氯仿再結晶7x。產率為2.5g(理論的17.5%),呈灰色固體。純度99.9%(HPLC)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將Int-c(800mg,1.5mmol)、苯硼酸(342mg,3mmol)和磷酸三鉀一水合物(1.08g,4.7mmol)懸浮在水/甲苯/二烷混合物(1:1:1,6ml)中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加三(鄰-甲苯基)膦(43mg,0.14mmol)和乙酸鈀(II)(10mg,0.05mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱過夜。將各相分離,並將水相用甲苯洗滌。將有機相經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將混合物通過矽膠和AlOx用甲苯過濾並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將固體從甲苯再結晶。產率為505mg(理論的64%),呈黃色固體。純度99%(HPLC)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將2,4-二甲基苯胺(1.12ml,8.9mmol)、4-溴二苯并呋喃(2g,8.1mmol)和第三-丁醇鈉(1.9g,20mmol)懸浮在150ml的甲苯中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加PdCl2(dppf)-CH2Cl2(132mg,162mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱過夜。將混合物通過矽膠和AlOx用甲苯過濾並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將油經過矽膠管柱用庚烷純化。產率為1.9g(理論的82%),淡棕色油狀物。純度94%(HPLC)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
將Int-c(1g,1.46mmol)、二苯并呋喃化合物(903mg,3.14mmol)和第三-丁醇鈉(421mg,4.38mmol)懸浮在40ml的甲苯中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加三-第三-丁基膦(117μl,在甲苯中之1M)和乙酸鈀(II)(48mg,0.06mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱4h。將混合物通過矽膠和AlOx用甲苯過濾並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將產物從甲苯再結晶三次。產率為200mg(理論的13%),呈淡棕色油狀物。純度96.7%(HPLC)。
步驟係根據下列一般流程:
將Int-e(10g,20mmol)、K4[Fe(CN)6]*3H2O(4.3g,10mmol)和碳酸鈉(3.3g,31mmol)懸浮在150ml的DMF中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加S-Phos(336mg,0.82mmol)和乙酸鈀(II)(92mg,0.41mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱過夜。將反應混合物冷卻,然後在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。所得固體在Soxhlet萃取器中在氧化鋁上用甲苯萃取,然後從氯仿再結晶7x。產率為5.3g(理論的67%,呈黃色固體。純度99.6%(HPLC)。
將化合物V(3g,7.7mmol)溶解在25ml的DCM中。在0℃下滴加在25ml DCM中的Br2(394μl,7.7mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。添加10ml的硫代硫酸鈉溶液,並將混合物攪拌15min。用乙醇過濾批料。將殘留之殘餘物從庚烷/甲苯1:1再結晶三次。產率為1.7g(理論的44%),呈黃色固體。純度94%
(HPLC)。
將化合物Int-f(1g,2.2mmol)、1-溴萘-2-甲酸(649mg,2.5mmol)和磷酸三鉀一水合物(1.5g,6.5mmol)懸浮在水/甲苯/二烷混合物(1:1:1,30ml)中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加三(鄰-甲苯基)膦(79mg,0.3mmol)和乙酸鈀(II)(9.7mg,0.04mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱7h。將各相分離,並將水相用甲苯洗滌。將有機相經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將混合物通過矽膠和AlOx用甲苯過濾並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將黃色固體在真空乾燥櫥中乾燥並且不進一步純化。
將在20ml的THF中之黃色固體滴加至三氯化鈰(III)(600mg,2.37mmol)和20ml的THF的混合物。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌1h,然後冷卻至0℃。在此溫度下滴加氯化甲鎂(1.25ml,在THF中之3M)。將反應混合物攪拌過夜。將20ml的水加至該批料,然後將其用THF過濾。將母液的相分離。將有機相經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將黃色固體在真空乾燥櫥中乾燥且不純化。
將黃色固體和多磷酸(2.1g,21.5mol)懸浮在30ml的二氯甲烷中。慢慢地滴加甲磺酸(1.4ml,21.5mol)。將反應混合物攪拌1h。添加30ml的乙醇。過濾該批料,
並將殘留之殘餘物從甲苯再結晶。產率為809mg(理論的75%),呈黃色固體。純度97%(HPLC)。
將化合物VI(809mg,1.6mmol)溶解在25ml的DCM中。在0℃下滴加在25ml的DCM中之Br2(83μl,1.6mmol)。將反應混合物在室溫下攪拌過夜。添加10ml的硫代硫酸鈉溶液,並將混合物攪拌15min。用乙醇過濾該批料。將殘留之殘餘物從庚烷/甲苯1:1再結晶三次。產率為790mg(理論的85%),呈黃色固體。純度96%(HPLC)。
將Int-g(790mg,1.3mmol)、苯硼酸(342mg,3mmol)和磷酸三鉀一水合物(1.08g,4.7mmol)懸浮在水/甲苯/二烷混合物(1:1:1,6ml)中。將溶液脫氣並用氬飽和。然後添加三(鄰-甲苯基)膦(43mg,0.14mmol)和乙酸鈀(II)(10mg,0.05mmol)。將反應混合物在保護性氛圍下於沸騰加熱過夜。將各相分離,並將水相用甲苯洗滌。將有機相經過Na2SO4乾燥並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將混合物通過矽膠和AlOx用甲苯過濾並在旋轉蒸發器中蒸發。將固體從甲苯再結晶。產率為675mg(理論的73%),呈黃色固體。純度97%(HPLC)。
類似地製備下列化合物:
藉由根據WO 04/058911的一般方法製造本發明之OLED及根據先前技術之OLED,該方法適合於本文中描述的情況(層-厚度變化、材料)。
在以下實例中提出各種OLED之數據(參見表1至3)。所使用之基板為已用50nm厚度的結構化ITO(氧化銦錫)塗佈之玻璃基板。OLED原則上具有下列的層結構:基板/電洞注入層1(95%的HTL1+5%的HIL,20nm)/電洞傳輸層(HTL,厚度示於表1中)/發光層(EML,20nm)/電子傳輸層(ETL,20nm)/電子注入層(EIL,3nm)和最後為陰極。陰極係由具有100nm厚度的鋁層所形成。厚度20奈米之Clevios P VP A1 4083(購自Heraeus Clevios GmbH,Leverkusen)層係藉由旋塗施加以作為緩衝層。所有其餘的材料係在真空室中藉由熱蒸氣沈積施加。OLED的結構顯示於表1中。所使用之材料係顯示於表3中。
該發光層(EML)總是由至少一種基質材料(主體材料(host)=H)及發光化合物(摻雜劑=D)構成,該摻雜劑藉由共蒸發以某一體積比例與該基質材料摻混。詞句諸如H1:D1(97%:3%)在此表示材料H1係以97%之體積比例存在於層中,和D1係以3%之比例存在於層中。
OLED係以標準方法定性。為此目的,記錄電致發光光譜、電流效率(以cd/A測量)、及假定為Lambert發光特性之為發光密度之函數之外部量子效率(EQE,以百分比測量)係從電流/電壓/發光密度特徵線(IUL特徵線)計算,及最後測定組件之壽命。電致發光光譜係在1000cd/m2之發光密度下記錄,且從此計算CIE 1931 x與y色坐標。詞句EQE @ 1000cd/m2表示在1000cd/m2之操作發光密度下的外部量子效率。壽命LT95 @ 1000cd/m2為初始發光密度已從1000cd/m2下降5%所經歷之時間。將各種OLED的所得數據總結於表2中。
根據本發明之化合物D3、D4、D5、D6、D7、D8、D9、D10、D11和D12可個別用作OLED之發光層中的發光體(結構參見表3)。發光層中所使用之基質材料在此為化合物V-H2。所得OLED為E4至E6及E9至E15。彼等在深藍色發光之情況下,呈現非常良好的壽命(表2)。相較於從先前技術得知的發光體材料(V-D1和V-D2,參照V1至V3),壽命顯著改良,具恆定量子效率。
特別是與材料V-D1之比較顯示:與從先前技術得知的茚并茀基本結構比較,根據本發明之雙茚并茀基本結構達成改良。
實例E7,其中根據本發明之化合物H3係用作基質材料,在深藍色發光之情況下,同樣呈現良好壽命和量子效率(表2)。這證實:根據本發明之化合物作為發光層中之基質材料的良好適合性。
實例E8,其中根據本發明之化合物H3係用作電洞傳輸層中之電洞傳輸材料,在深藍色發光之情況下,同樣呈現良好壽命和量子效率(表2)。這證實:根據本發明之化合物作為電洞傳輸化合物的良好適合性。
Claims (17)
- 一種式(I)之化合物,
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,從基團Ar2至相鄰基團Ar1或Ar2之鍵係各存在於彼此之對位。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,基團Ar1在每次出現時係相同或不同地選自:具有6至14個芳族環原子之芳基基團或雜芳基基團,其各自可經一或多個基團R1取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第3項之化合物,其中,基團Ar1在每次出現時係選自:具有6至10個芳族環原子之芳基基團或雜芳基基團,其各自可經一或多個基團R1取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,基團Ar2為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R2取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,基團Ar1為萘基基團,其可經一或多個基團R1取代,及基團Ar2為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R2取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,二個基團Ar1中之一者為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R1取代,及兩個基團Ar1中之另一者為萘基基團,其可經一或多個基團R1取代,及基團Ar2為苯基基團,其可經一或多個基團R2取代。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,X1在每次出現時係相同或不同地選自:C(R3)2、-C(R3)2- C(R3)2-、-C(R3)2-O-、Si(R3)2、O、S及NR3。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,X1等於C(R3)2。
- 根據申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,R2等於H或D。
- 一種寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,其含有一或多種根據申請專利範圍第1至10項中之一或多項之化合物,其中,至該聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物之鍵可位在經R1、R2或R3取代之式(I)中的任何所要之位置。
- 一種調配物,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至10項中之一或多項之化合物,或至少一種根據申請專利範圍第11項之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,及至少一種溶劑。
- 一種電子裝置,其係選自由下列所組成之群組:有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效應電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學偵測器、有機感光體(organic photoreceptor)、有機場淬熄裝置(organic field-quench device)(OFQD)、有機發光電化學電池(OLEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及有機電致發光裝置(OLED),其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至10項中之一或多項之化合物,或至少一種根據申請專利範圍第11項之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第13項之電子裝置,其係選 自包含陰極、陽極和至少一個有機層之有機電致發光裝置,其中,該至少一個有機層包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1至10項中之一或多項之化合物,或至少一種根據申請專利範圍第11項之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第14項之電子裝置,其中,根據申請專利範圍第1至10項中之一或多項之化合物或根據申請專利範圍第11項之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物係存在作為電洞傳輸層中之電洞傳輸材料、作為發光層中之發光化合物或作為發光層中之基質化合物。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1至10項中之一或多項之化合物或根據申請專利範圍第11項之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物之用途,係用在電子裝置。
- 一種用於製備根據申請專利範圍第1至10項中之一或多項之化合物的方法,其特徵在於其包含至少一種金屬催化的偶合反應及至少一種閉環反應。
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